POF VISIT REPORT

INTRODUCTION:
A Power House is a place where various machines are installed for generation of
Electric Power. In Power House usually Chemical Energy is converted into Heat Energy then Heat
Energy is converted into Mechanical Energy then finally Mechanical Energy into Electrical Energy in
the form of Electric power.

THERMAL POWER PLANT:

A power plant in which thermal energy is used to produces electrical energy,
firstly thermal energy is converted in to mechanical energy and then via mechanical energy the
electricity is produces.

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

PROCESSES OF GENERATING POWER:

WATER STORAGE TANKS:
Firstly water is stored in to the water storage tanks these are like the
reservoirs for the power plant.
Muhammad Tazweek
Yasir Ahmad

UW-10-EE-BSc-87
UW-10-EE-BSc-55

DEMINERALIZATION:
Demineralization is a process to pure the water from extra minerals by chemical process.

UNDER GROUND WATER RESERVOIR:

After demineralization process water is stored in to the underground water reservoirs.

REMOVAL OF DISSOLVED GASSES:

Due to demineralization process water dissolved some gasses in to it the removal of that
gasses is very important this process is done via chemical & mechanical method.

HOT WATER TANK:

Then water is pumped in to the hot water tank where water is initially heated.

ECONOMIZER:
Then this water passes into the economizer for pre heating or for usage of wasted hot gasses from boiler.

BOILER:

Muhammad Tazweek
Yasir Ahmad

UW-10-EE-BSc-87
UW-10-EE-BSc-55

Then passes hot water in to the boiler in which due to high heat energy water converts in to
saturated steam, in POF D shape water tube boiler is used its capacity is 27 tons/hour.

SUPER HEATER:
For taking superheated steam from boiler we passes saturated steam in to the super
heater mounted at the top of the furnace so saturated steam converts in to superheated steam. The
furnace use in that boiler is wet walled furnace. The superheated steam has a pressure of 370 psi and a
temperature of 405 'C.

TURBINES WITH GENERATORS:

Than the superheated steam provided to the turbines for producing mechanical
energy, the turbines of PP1 is a setup of 24MW, the turbines used are double stage pressure velocity
compounding turbines attaches with generators through reduction gears.
The steam provided at each turbine at a pressure of 25.4 Bar & a temperature of 405 'C.

TURBINE WITH GENERATOR SETS:

Muhammad Tazweek
Yasir Ahmad

UW-10-EE-BSc-87
UW-10-EE-BSc-55

No.01
RPM = 5684
POWER = 10 MW
No.02
RPM = 8000
POWER = 8 MW
No.03
RPM = 9923
POWER = 8 MW

REDUCTION OF PRESSURE IN TURBINES:

25.4 Bar pressure approaches at Impulse wheel, (12-14) bar
pressure at First stage, (2-3) at 2 nd stage. Between these stages steam takes via valve for commercial
purposes like heating in POF. Then this electricity goes in to the Grid through Control Room from there
it divides in to the sub stations for further distributions.

GAS ENGINE PLANT:

To fulfill electricity need POF has also five gas (IC) engine generators:
This plant has a capacity of 10 MW power productions according to the need.

ENGINE PROPERTIES:
Muhammad Tazweek
Yasir Ahmad

UW-10-EE-BSc-87
UW-10-EE-BSc-55

 The engines are WARSTILA SG220.

Diameter of each cylinder is 220mm.
Each engine set has a capacity of 2 MW power.
Engines run at super charged gas (CNG)
Engine starts with Pneumatic air motors with pr of 28 Bar.
Engine contains 12 cylinders in V-type formation.
Air-fuel ratio maintained with MCC & PCC.
All the engines are water as well as air cooled.
All the gas engine plant controlled with PLC system Control office through which
electricity is provided to the POF main GRID station and then distributed where we
need.

POF STEAM POWER PLANT:

The total capacity of power generation of POF POWER HOUSE is 30MW36MW from which the STEAM PLANT generates 26MW of Electric Power. The unit of STEAM
PLANTS having different capacities G1 is 10MV, G2 is 8MV & G3 is 8MV.
There are seven boilers; one has capacity 27 tons and the remaining having 30 tons capacity.

MAIN COMPONENTS OF STEAM POWER PLANT:

Chemical Plant

Forced Draft Fan (FD Fan)

Feed Tank

Induced Draft Fan (ID-Fan)

Feed Pump

Economizer

Boiler Drum

Super Heaters

Pumps

Steam Turbine

Down Comer

Cooling Tower

Up Raiser

Chimney

Furnace

Transformer

Muhammad Tazweek
Yasir Ahmad

UW-10-EE-BSc-87
UW-10-EE-BSc-55

 WORKING PRINCIPLE:
First of all the raw water is collected from the Wah Garden then the collected raw water is stored
in water tanks. Now from the storage tanks the water enters in the chemical plant for demineralization
process. After removing the impurities from the water the water flows from the chemical plant. It
contains some amount of oxygen (O2) which is harmful for turbine then removing the oxygen (O2) from
the water passing through the Sodium Sulfite plant which removes the 100% oxygen from the water.
Then the purified water pumped to the feed tank with the help of feed pump which works on the
principle of centrifugal pump.

Then from the feed tank the water flows to the boiler drum the function of boiler is to separated
the steam and water where the flows through the down comers to furnace where the water is in the
process of fire tubes then the steam is flows through up raiser then steam enters to economize where the
temperature of steam increases and the temperature of flue gases decreases these gases are exhausted
through Forces Draft Fan (FD-Fan) with the help of chimney the temperature of flue gases at the exhaust
time is 148C then after the economizer the steam enters into super heaters where the saturated steam is
produced then saturated stem is passing through nozzles which increases the velocity of steam then the
Muhammad Tazweek
Yasir Ahmad

UW-10-EE-BSc-87
UW-10-EE-BSc-55

steam is strikes to the blades of turbines in H.P turbine where the temperature of steam is 380C400C.Then steams leaves the HP turbine enters to LP turbine in which the temperature of steam is 50C70C after striking the steam to turbine the turbine rotates where the electric generator is directly coupled
with same shaft the electric power is generated .
So that the steam leaves the LP turbine and flows to condenser with the help of condensate pump
the function of condenser is that in which steam is converted in the form of water where the water is
again return to back to river or canals.

SUB STATION CONTROL & RELAY PANEL:

POF GAS POWER PLANT:

In POF power house there is a gas power plant established in 2002 from the
French company wartsila which generates electric power with the usage of gas engine. The total electric
power generation of POF gas power plant is 10mw.
There are five Electric Generators are installed each generator generates 2MW of Electric Power.

MAIN COMPONENTS OF GAS POWER PLANT:

Filter

Self Starter

Head

Valves

Ignition Coil

Bearing

Muhammad Tazweek
Yasir Ahmad

UW-10-EE-BSc-87
UW-10-EE-BSc-55

 Pilot

Water Cooler

Spark Plug

Engines

Piston Cylinder Compressor

Combustion chamber

Heat Exchanger

Turbo

Fly Wheel

Muhammad Tazweek
Yasir Ahmad

UW-10-EE-BSc-87
UW-10-EE-BSc-55

 WORKING PRINCIPLE:
First of all fresh air is collected from the atmosphere with a certain

pressure then fresh air enters to compressor then compressor compressed the fresh air and
exhausted fresh air at a high pressure then the air enters to pilot where the combustion
process takes place through ignition spark plug then burning process starts the piston
cylinders assembly works, assembly the shaft rotates the shaft .The shaft is directly
coupled to the Electric Generator finally Electric Power generates.

CONCLUSION:
In this visit of POF Power we studied how thermal power station work and understand its
operation. In this visit we gained much practical knowledge about steam power station.
The thermal power stations are also used as base load because its running time is more as
compare to diesel or hydral power station. And also the cost of electricity produced is less
as compare to diesel power station.