WAR DEPARTMENT
REFERENCE DATA
February 15, 1941
FM 5-35
ENGINEER FIELD MANUAL
REFERENCE DATA
UNITED STATES
WASHINGTON : 1941
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1. ENGINEER TROOPS AND OPERATIONS.
WAR DEPARTMENT,
WASHINGTON, February 15, 1941.
G. C. MARSHALL,
Chief of Staff.
OFFICIAL:
E. S. ADAMS,
Major General,
DisTRIBUTION:
II
Section I.
II.
III.
IV.
P aragraphs
General-----------------------
1-1
Engineer units__________________
5-14
Camps and supply systems_____ __
15-17
18-22
F orms and orders_ ______ ____ ___ _
P age
1
3
25
29
23-,31
32-54
5&-56
57f-62
63-72
73- 77
78-82
83-87
50
73
118
125
140
159
168
186
3. DEFENSIVE MEASURES.
193
282
305
324
4. MISCELLANEOUS DATA.
S ection I. Mat hematical and physical d ata __
II. Da t a on m aten als ________ __ __ __ _
III. Troop movement data__________ _
339
355
363
INDEX----------------------------------------
365
CHAPTER
FM 5-35
CHAPTER 1
Paragraphs
1--4
II. Engineer units____ _____ ___________ ____ ________ 5-14
III. Camps and supply systems____________ ___ ______ 15-17
IV. Fornas and orders___ ___ ___ _____ __ ____ _________ 1&-22
I. General -------------------------------- ------
SECTION I
GENERAL
1. PuRPOSE
2-4
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
REFERENCE DATA
SECTION II
ENGINEER UNITS
5. KINDS OF UNITS.-a. G eneral engineer troops.
(1) With infantry divisions.
(a) Combat battalion <assigned to triangular division) .
(b) Combat regiment (assigned to square division) .
(2) Wit h armored units--combat battalion (armored).
(3) With cavalry units-squadron (assigned to cavalry di
vision).
(4) Nondivisional units.
(a) Combat regiment (corps) (assigned to corps).
(b) General service regiment (assigned to army and higher
units).
(c) Engineer regiment (aviation) <assigned to GHQ Air
Force) .
(d) Separate battalion (assigned to army and higher
units).
b. Special engineer troops.
Camouflage units.
Army camouflage battalion.
GHQ camouflage battalion.
Ponton units.
Light ponton company.
Heavy ponton battalion.
Railway units.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(3)
TABLE
N umber I normally
assigned to various
tactical units
Strength
Designation of engineer unit
!>
"
,., Ci~ .8"
:
e.
~
i5 0 ~ 0 "<:
~
!>
.8
Ci
"
.El
:5
0
E-<
_ 1 ___ _
Heavy ponton battalion.....-- ------------- - ___ _ __ __
2 8 ____ 14
Topographic battalion (army)____ ________ __ _ __ __ ____
1 ____ ____ 3
Topographic battalion (GHQ) __ ___ __ ______ _ ______ __
___ _
Water supply battalion. - - ---------- --- --- -- ___ _ ____
1
Depot companY---- ---- ---- ----------------- - --- ____
1 9
12
Dump truck company ______ _______________ __ ______ _
2 18
24
Light ponton company_ ________ ____ _____ ____ ____ __ __
4 12
24
Topographic company (corps) ____________ __ __ ___ 1
____ ____ ___ _ 9
Shop company, mobile__ ___ ___ ___ ___ ________ ____ ____
1
6
1
Engineer headquarters (GHQ) __ _____ ____ ___ __ __ ____
____
Engineer headquarters (communications
zone) ___ _______ ______ ____ _____ ____ ___ ______ -- -- -- -- -- -
Engineer headquarters (communications
zone section) __ ________ ____ ___ _________ ___ _ -- -- ____ __ __ 3
3
3
Engineer headquarters (army) ________ ______ __ __ ____ 1 ____ __ __
Engineer headquarters (corps) __ ___ ____ ____ __ ____ 1 ____ ___ _ ____
9
Engineer headquarters (railway) _____ _______ ____ -- -- ___ _ 1
Engineer headquarters (railway grand divi
sion)__ __________ _________ __ _______ ______ __ ____ __ __ __ __ 5
5
Railway operating battalion______ _________ __ __ __ ___ _ ____ 15
15
Railway shop battalion. __ ------------------ ____ ___ _ __ __ 2
2
E ngineer hea:!quarters (aviation) ____ _____ ___ ______ __ ____ __ __
Engineer regiment (aviation) ____ __ ______ __ __ ___ _ ____ ____ ___ _ 2
2
...,
a
ol
0
0
------r--,
I
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5-6
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
I
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6-8
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
REFERENCE DATA
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FIGURE
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CORPS OF ENGINEERS
REFERENCE DATA
9.
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REGIMENTAL COMMANDER
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REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
10.
CAMOUFLAGE UNITs.-a.
10-11
FIGURE
11.
PoNTON UNITs.-a.
15
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
REFERENCE DATA
11-12
FIGURE
16
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::0
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:.:
ADMINISTRATION
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BUILDING
TENANCE
SECTION
MAIN-
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TRAIN
OPERATING
PLAT.
PLATOON
PlATOON
TRACK
MAINTENANCE
TECHNICAL
SECTION
PLATOON
CAR
LOCOMOTIVE
REPAIR
OPERATING
PLATOON
PLATOON
TRAIN
SUPPLY AND
TRANSPORTATION
SECTION
MESS
SECTION
TRAIN
MOVEMENT
SECTION
SIGNAL
MAINTENANCE
~TK>N
FIGURE
t'l
~
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CORPS OF ENGINEERS
REFERENCE DATA
12
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12-14
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14
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
I 8-\I.TALI~
COMIIlAHOER
LT COLONEL
I
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c;o HOOS
HOOS AHD
HOOS PUT
"""co
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co
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I
1
REFERENCE
COW'ANY
TRANSPOATATION
PUT
I
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PUT
ATTACHED
ME DICAL
SERVICE
PUT
Pl.ATHOOS
Pl.ATHOO$
TRAHSP SE:C.
TANK TAIJCI(
SECTION
TAJ-'< TAUQ(
TANK TRUCK
SCTIOH
PUR if iCATION
PURIFICATION
SECTIC*
14-15
PLAT HOOS
""""-' S<C
DATA
SECTION
SECTION
FIGURE
FIGURE
FIGURE
III
FIGURE
25
16
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
15-16
Co TRANSPORTATION
Co KITCHEN
OFFICERS LATRINES
ROA
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SHELTER TENTS(I-Col
27
17
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
17.
SUPPLY.
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1000 FT.
FIGURE 25.- Typlcal army en gineer depot In combat zone, showin g communications, lay-out of stocks , and expan sion areas (based
on estimated 15-day stockage for army of 3 corps of 3 square divisions each) ; minimum operating force, 1 dep ot company.
NOT ES:-
LEGEND:
- _____
~EOU!SITIONS
- - -
SUPPLIES
-o---<'..- ...r, r CALL AGAI NST ESTABLISHED
REQUIRED
28
282736-41
(Face p. 28)
18-19
REFERENCE DATA
SECTION IV
Period:-------------------
E ssential el ements of en em yinf ormation (as a nnounced b y division
hea dquarters).
1. ------- --- ----- - -- - -------- ------------- -- -- -------- - -- -- -
2 . --- -- - --- - ------ -- --- - - ---- -- - ----------------- - --- -------
3. ------ - --------- - ----- - ------ - -- -- -- ---------- ------ - -----
Agencies
(check those to be employed)
I nformation required
-<
~
0
1"1
- -- - -- -- - - -- 1- - -
--
E tc __ __ __ __ ____ __ ______ ___ ____ ___ _____ ____ ___ ____ ____ __ ___ ____ ___ ___ _
---------------------------- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- --- - ----------------------------------------------- -------- ---- ----------- 19. FORM FOR RECONNAISSANCE lNSTRUCTIONS.-!n the fol
lowing form, check numbered items on which information is
desired, and use the blank right hand column for additional
instructions, listed a, b, c, etc.
282736---41-3
29
20
REFERENCE DATA
19
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
RECONNAISSANCE INSTRUCTIONS
No. ------
(Organlzetlon)
--------------------------(F1ace)
--------------------------(nate
and hour)
SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS
Reconnoiter and report information as indi Areas
and roads to be reconnoitered In
cated below by items checked (#). Re
connection
with missio ns ordered.
port also any oth~r i_nformation of tech
Hour
and destination of reports.
nical importance mmdentally secured.
1. GENERAL FEATURES (complete
3. AVENUES OF APPROACH.
4. BRIDGES.
6. CAMP SITES (snitablefor a battalion
7. DEFENSIVE POSITIONS.
8. DEMOLITIONS BY ENEMY (de
tails, labor, materials, and time neces
sary to repair).
15. RAILROADS.
16. ROADS.
17. STREAMS (width, depth, fords, fer
ries, navigability, condition of banks
and approaches).
gas systems).
19. WATERWAYS.
20.
Date____________________
P arty________ ___________ _
1. R oute followed __ ____ __ ____ ___ __ ______ __ __ ---------------- -
2 . R oads traveled:
_ _ __ F
_ ro_m__ _ __
-------------------------------{Gr~d~-;~ci organization)
30
T__
o _ _ _
____
1
Width
Type
Condition
4 . Streams crossed:
Width
Name
Capacity of
bridge
Width of
bridge
5. T elephone lines.
From-
Nu:;~';;'" of Condition
To
6. Towns.
Name
Approximnte
population
E'
Gl
- -- - - - - ---1--- - - - 1 - - - - - - - -
7. Road m aterials.
Located at-
BY ORDER OF
---------(Slgn~t~re)
General recon
naissance.
31
20
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
4. Hardware stores.
L ocation
20
REFERENCE DATA
Location
I cxplos1ve
E stimate of
re
qmrcd
5. Gravel pits.
-:::::::::::-:::::::::-:::- :::
::::::::-::::::::1
:::::::::--:::::
:::::::::::l::::::::::::::::
Location
Machinery at
pit
D aily capacity
Location
Crushing ma
chinery
D aily capacity
7. Brickyards (location )
8. Road m achinery.
Date__________________ __
P arty _________ ___________
Location
Number
Plows_________ __ _____ __ ___ ________ ------- ----- - ----------- ----- --- --- - ------ ------
2. Standing t imber :
Gen eral location if plen t ifuL ______ ________________________ _
Sp ecific location if acarce ___ __________ ___ _____ ____ ______ ___ _
R an ge of sizes _________________ ______ _____________ ________ _
Accessibility from roads ____ ___ _____ - - ------- - - - - - - --- - ----
3. Lumber ya rds.
Quantities
Location
Cutting
machinery
Scrapers __ ____ ____ _________ _____ ___ _-- --- - -- - ----- -- ____ -- - --- ------- - -- ------- - -Rollers ________ ______ __ __ ___ _______ ---- ---- - ---- -- --- ---- ----------- -- - ---------- -Concrete mixers.---------------- - _____ __ ___ ___ ___________ __.___ ----- - -- --------- -
32
33
20-21
----~---
22
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
L ocation
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
(Signature )
(Grade)
No.--
Maps:
-----------------forad.e)________________
34
35
REFERENCE DATA
5th Engrs
RJ 599-D, n ear WHITEHALL, PA (
16 June 19-,11:00 PM
FO 23
Maps: Topographical Map, Gettysburg-Antietam, 1 :21, 120; New Ox
ford , Abbotstown, Hanover, Bonneville, T a neytown, and
Klngsdale sheets.
36
22
(2) The Div Engr Sec and Lighting Plant will continue
to operate with the Fwd Ech DHQ.
(3) The gravel pit and water supply point will remain
in operation in present location.
x. (1) Priority of road maintenance will be given to the
divis~on main supply road and to those roads
shown on overlay No 2, "Road Circulation Plan."
4. a. Supply.
(1) Class I railhead: LI'ITLESTOWN (
) .-Rail
head distribution at 10 : 00 PM.
(2) Ammunition railhead: LITTLESTOWN.
(3) Engineer.
37
22
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
3d Engrs
WHITE FARM, PA (
3 Aug 19-, 1:30PM
FO 17
Maps: Topograplcal Map, Gettysburg-Antietam, 1:21,120; Hunters
town-Arendtsville sheets.
22
1st Bn : RJ 282.
2d Bn : RJ 225.
A
Colonel
ORDER
39
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
22
REFERENCE DATA
I
I
I
I
I
'
''
I
I
I
I
...
2J
SQUAD WEDGE ON
BROKEN GROUND W/ COV ER
:o
I
D
D
\
\
/ /,
--------J
l2l
SQUAD AS SKIRMISHERS
ON OPEN AREA S
\
OBSERVES
\\ - --------,,,__:~ :::~--
!8J:
TO LEFT ,/
'
PLATOON SERGEANT
CONTROLS SUPPORT
',tN REAR OF
LEADING ECHELON
OURING AT T ACK
SUPPORT ECHELON
O
0
0 D
0
~~~:cg~;,::; ~; ~~LEL~:GoR
SCHEMATIC ONLY
GAPS TO FRONT.
I
I
0
I2J
.
1
Q MESSENGER
1 TO COMPANY
(~A6u~~ ~~~~M5N~~~;~REO
OBSERVES TO
FLANKS AND REAR
'
COMMANDER
VEHICLES IN REAR
WITH Co. Rr. Ech.
40
FO 38
l2l
OBSERVES
350th Engrs
FAIRFAX, VA <
)
5 Oct 19-, 1:00PM
WOODBRIDGE <
11
6I t8J.
LEADI NG ECHELON
(MAY BE I, 2 or 3 SQUADS)
0 1
FOLLOWS SCOUTS
I
I
+ PLATOON COMMANDER
0
S COUT S
PRECEOE
T HE ADVANCE
I
I
I E NOUGH TO
1 =~~RTAENCGTE FROM
I ENEMY FIRE
I
I
I
I
I
I
~
I
I
- -- - '" - ---------- -- - - - -- - -
tion HOLMES (
>-MARTINDALE (
) . For
details see FO No 36, 350th Engrs. Effect ive 5:00 AM
6 Oct t he corps rear boundary is advanced to
HILL (
)-SEATON (
)-RJ 258 (
) (all
incl) and the divisional r ear boundary is advan ced to
the BARR (
) -HOLMES (
) -SMITHSON
(
) road <all excD.
c. Army engineer troops. take over engineer operations in
r ear of HIL!r-SEATON-RJ 258 (all excD by 1:00
PM 6 Oct. The 351st Engrs (Gen Serv) , First Army
t ake over the area work from the 350th Engr s. The
P RR (HOYT (
)-ALMER (
)-Wn.TON
(
) ) is taken over by the army for oper ation at
8:00 PM t oday. For disposition of engineer troopa
in II Corps, effective 5:00AM 6 Oct see Annex No. 1,
Engineer situation m ap.
2. This r egiment, with 413th Engrs (Sep Bn) a ttach ed,
effect ive 5:00 AM 6 Oct, will execute general engineer
work in th at portion of the corps zone of act ion west of
HOLMES-HOLT-WILTON-SEATON (all incD a nd
will extend the P RR from ALMER JUNCTION to
HOLMES.
3. a. The 1st Bn (less Co A) , with Co D, 413th Engrs attached,
will repair the P RR from ------ to ------
b. The 2d Bn (less Cos E and F) , with Co C, 413th Engrs at
tached, will continue general engineer work in its
present area.
41
--
22
--~-
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
c. The 413th Engrs <less Cos C and D>, with Co A, 1st Bn,
350th Engrs attached, will continue maintenance of
th!l corps main supply road wmTE (
)-HOLT
HOLMES and will extend their operations to in
clude HOLMES.
d. Co E will take over general engineer operations in that
portion of the corps zone of action to be vacated by
the 3d Div.
e. Co F will take over general engineer operations in that
portion of the corps zone of action to be vacated by
the 2d Div.
f. Hq and Serv Co will operate from ALMER. Detach
ments and equipment with units of regiment will
remain unchanged.
g. The band will remain attached to the supply section of
Hq and Serv Co.
x. (1) Reconnaissance of new areas will be initiated at
once.
(2) Troop movements will be effected after 7:00 PM
tonight.
(3) For schedule of engineer work and priorities and
distribUition of regimental and special equipment
see Annex No. 2, Engineer work.
4. a. Supply.
(1) Class I railhead: ALMER JUNCTION (
) . S-4
will draw for the regiment and attached troops
at 10:00 PM.
(2) Engineer.
Army depot: ALEXANDRIA (
).
Regimental supply point: ALMER.
b. Evacuation.
(1) Aid Sta.
42
REFERENCE DATA
22
5. Command posts.
a. Engineers.
2d Bn: WHITE.
) after 5: 00 AM
Annexes:
No. 1, Engineer situation map.
No. 2, Engineer work.
No. 3, Extracts Adm 0 No 25, II Corps.
No. 4, Command posts.
Distribution: A.
43
22
FO 9
44
22
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
w
Major
45
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
22
REFERENCE DATA
1st Div
MILTON, MD (
)
2 Aug 19-,4:00 PM
Adm C 12
1. SUPPLY.
a. ---------------------------------------------------
b. Class I:
Rhd: GALT (
) effective 8:00PM 4 June.
c. ---------------------------------------------------
d. Water.
(1) DP's:
LEWIS FARM (
) , AKRON (
694 (
).
(2) All water for drinking will be chlorinated.
e. Engineer.
(1) Rhd: PINEY CREEK (
).
).
(2) DP commencing 3 June: CR 626 (
f.
) , RJ
2. EVACUATION.
22
a----------------------------------------------------
b--------------------------------------------------- _
c.____________________________________________________
d. 1st Engrs: RJ 626 <
5. PERSONNEL.
) released.
a. ---------------------------------------------------
0. ---------------------------------------------------
6. MISCELLANEOUS.
a . ---------------------------------------------------
b. ---------------------------------------------------
c. For employment of engineer troops see Annex No 7, Engi
neer plan.
d. ----------------------- ------- -------------- ----- -
y
ACof S, G-4
Annexes:
No 3, Circulation map.
No 7, Engineer plan.
47
REFERENCE DATA
22
22
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
ORDER
1st Div
MILTON, MD (
)
2 Aug 19-, 4:00PM
Maps: Gettysburg-Antietam, 1:21,120, Taneytown and Kingsdale
sheets.
SMITH FARM (
) , LEWIS S H (
) , and
RJ 430 <
) : each a 3,000-gallon canvas tank.
b. D istribution of water will be controlled by the division
engineer.
ance with GO 8.
3. ENGINEER SUPPLY.
a. Supply points.
4. MISCELLANEOUS.
a. 5 KW set will accompany the Fwd Ech of Div Hq. The
Aug.
5. ENGINEER TROOPS.
a. 1st Bn 1st Engrs Oess Co A) with command post at CR
500 (
) will be in charge of general engineer work
<
) (both excl.) .
~ost at CR 480 (
) on ALTON TURNPIKE will be
X
Chief of Staff
OFFICIAL:
y
A C of S, G-4
49
II
REFERENCE DATA
CHAPTER 2
COMMUNICATIONS, CONSTRUCTION, AND UTILITIES
SECTION
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI .
VII.
VIII.
Paragraphs
Roads -------------------------------------- 23-31
Bridges and stream crossings_________________ 32- 54
Ra ilways ---------------- - - - ---------------- 55-56
Construction in war__________________________ 67-62
VVater supplY-------------------------------- 63-72
Electricity ------------------- - ------ - - - -- --- 73-77
Rigging ------------------------------------- 78-82
Concrete -------------- - --------------------- 83-87
SECTION I
ROADS
25-27
----- --------------between
which lnspe~tio'ii' -w;_-;;- -m-a"ct~)- - --- --- ----------------
2. Date of reconnaissance ___________ _
3. Character of road___ ~---- -- -------~~~~~~~=~~~=~=============
(Concrete, macadam, gravel, earth etc)
4. Thickness of pavement-------------- ---- ---- -- --------~---~
(Indicate if estimated)
5. Usable width------------------- --- --~------ _____ _____ ____
(Also
indicate
whether
one,
two,____
or _____
more ___
tracks)
6.
grades __ _____ _____ _____ __ ___
______
____ _
7. Bridges and culverts.
lJmitin~
Location
Dimensions
Capacity
Conditions
Work needed
Estimated
man-hours
Materials
req uired
Location
Quantity
29
REFERENCE DATA
27-28
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
900
800
TOO
600
000
CHARACTER OF
TERRAIN
100
eo
LO- MOUNTAINOUS
'
1
...0
...:::0
z
:}
00
HILLY
~ ,...
~
~~~
-Ro~LING
52
;!!:
10
0:
4%
:z
::>
::>
10
..
"';!!:
,_
1i
ffi
a:
..."3:
..
"...
"...
5
...a
100
100
90
8 0
70
60
0:
200
::>
0
...0 o
...a:
...2
FLAT
...,..
~
...
0:
20
a:
;!!:
0.
.:
...
so
...
BLANKET COURSE
BASE COURSE
"'...
II
0:
..
0:
18
16
14
12
0.0
10
C~
,~: :~~~:~~~IE:~f~E~:~~~~~N
CHARACTER OF TEFUtAOl
"t
53
30
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
30
FtLL
Cvr
FIGURE 29.-Waterbound macadam road.
NoTE.--Croum :
V..
Slope on shoulders:
I/!..
..,
.;-. i
CRONN
3o'
PER FOOT
.-
3"_.,.
""""'--"!/~
1When n~ce.ssary)
L-<
r ~I:
~L
I 1
;
I I
1; IT
.1
-~~~c~-~
-0 -
~ "
;..
Slnngers4~to;,;o.'Q'
;;-
~s .$/e~pers 4 ;;Q';i():q:"
(When necess<~ry)
HALFS.ccnoN
FIGURE 32.-Two-lane plank road (see note, fig. 31).
Pickets &"G"
54
55
30
REFERENCE DATA
30
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
SLEEPERS
q"'XIO''X2'6"
Standard lumber.
..-
..
Half plan.
Half section.
Metal-tread road.
f-.---z's''--1--- z - - t s -
lips d /J(J/I.J
Longitudinal section.
Sandbag-tread road,
56
57
30-31
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
filled;;;.('. ,;,
(2)
Holt: to hi!
'
Q= ~x c
d+~
,TtTt~ ,. -//::;;.~li~
.,-...~nchoredwifh
wire
\
1\1
"'
\ "''' "
31
REFERENCE DATA
Ch/cN~n wirtl
\.~
~ ..;:
'If
r
where
Q=cubic yards, place measure, moved per hour.
l=length of haul in feet.
C=cubic yards moved per load.
d=minutes during which vehicle is not in motion (loading,
unloading, waiting).
r=rate of vehicle in feet per minute <normally about 200
for animal-drawn vehicles; 700 for trucks).
b. Tables.-Add 8 percent to figures in work-capacity tables
to allow for officers and noncommissioned officers. Add 20
percent to figures on loose earth, crushed rock, etc., to allow
for shrinkage when rolled.
TABLE
Operation
jjJt"tll'fh'-
\N'/I.iE;\ '
@.fill ;wtb..Jand~
(' )
27
where
V =volume of cut or fill in cubic yards.
A,=area of cross section at one end in square feet.
A,=area of cross section at other end in square feet.
L =distance between end sections in feet.
58
(')
(')
(' )
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- - - - - - - - - - (2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
290
Placinglargestones __ ___ __ ________ __ _____ ___
200
Spreadingsmall stones_ _______ ______ __ __ ___ _
70
Placing stones, (2)+(3) . . ..-- -- -- -- -- - - ---270
P lacing plank......... ---- ---- -- --------- -- - . . . . . .. .
Spfking plank_______ __ _______ _____ _______ ___ ----- -
Laying plank road, (5) +(6).... .. ... . . ... ... . . ...... .
Cutting and p lacing corduroy.. . ... ... ...... .. ......
Construction, (1)+(4), (1) + (7) or (1)+(8) ...
560
Ditching. . . ... ----- --- ------ -- - --
260
Construction, (9)+(10) ........... . . ...... ...
820
Unloadingmaterial.... ........ ........ .... .
85
Construction, (11)+(12).................. . ..
905
135
!3.5
85
90 ----- - -- ---- -
30 --- ---- - --- -- -
120 ,--- ---- - --- -- - -
-- -- --65
- ----- 30 -------
. . . . . . ..
95 ....... .
255
230
165
200
260
260
515
490
425
40
60
555
550
' Macadam road, 9 feet wide, 12 inches of rock, ditches 4.5 square feet cross section.
'Macadam tread r oad, 2.5 feet wide under each wheel, 12 inches of rock, ditches
4.5 square feet cross section.
' P lank road, 9 feet wide, ditches 4.5 square feet cross section.
Corduroy road, 9 feet wide, ditches 4.6 square feet cross section.
59
31
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
REFERENCE DATA
TABLE
31
Loosening earth
M an
with
pick
M anwith
2-horse
0 to 3
plow
0 to 5
0 to 8
0 to 10
TABLE
2. 1
2.0
1. 5
1.3
.9
.6
.5
.4
1.8
1. 7
1.4
1.2
.8
.6
.5
.4
1.5
1.4
1.2
1.0
.7
.5
.5
.4
- - -- - --]- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Sand_____________ __
---- -- ---------
Sandy loam ________
6. 0
60
Gravel, loose. __ __ __ --- ----- -- ------
Common loam_____
4. 0
40
1.9
27
Light clay-- -- ----
Dry clay ___ ___ ____ _
1.4
20
W et clay__ ___ ____ __
17
1.2
Hardpan___________
1.4
20
Capacity
1.8
2. 4
1.7
2.0
1.7
1.7
1.2
1.7
1.5
1.3
1.1
1.0
.7
.5
.4
.4
Light
clearing
30---------------------------40________
____ __ __ ____ _______
___------_______-_
1o-40
14-55
18-70
Medium
clearing 1
40-105
55-140
70-175
TABLE
H eavy
clearing
105-630
140-840
175- 1,050
V I.-capacity of scrapers
Slip
Fresno
)4-)4
Under 100
)4-1
300
..
1 In the eastern part of the United States the average for this class of work is about
350 manhours per acre.
60
61
Rotary
Fresno
)4-2)4
600
2-wheel
4-wheel
H-10
300-3,000
1-12
500-6, 000
31
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
31
TABLE
TABLE
Length of
haul (feet)
10
15
20
10
32.6
49.0
65.3
81.6
114.0
146. 0
179.0
212.0
100.. . .. . ..
20.1
30. 1
40.2
50.2
70.3
90. 4
110.5
130.6
150. . . . .. ..
14.0
21.2
28.3
35.3
49.3
63.5
77. 5
91.8
200.... . . . .
10.9
16.1
21.6
26.9
37.7
48.5
59.1
69.9
250........
8. 5
12.9
17.1
21.5
30.0
38.6
47.3
55.8
300........
7. 2
10.6
14.2
17.8
31.9
39.1
46.1
350... .....
6.0
9.0
12.0
15.0
26.9
33. 0
38.9
400. . .. .. . .
5.2
12.9
18. 1
28.4
33.5
4.5
7.7
6.7
10.2
450. . . .....
8.9
11.2
15.7
24.7
29.0
500........
3.9
5.8
7.8
9.8
13.8
17.6
550. .......
3. 5
5.2
6. 9
8. 7
12.2
15.6
19.2
~
22.5
600.......
3. 2
4.6
6.1
7.8
10.9
13.9
17.1
20.1
50..... ....
Metbod of repair
M an-hours required
Level
0
15
- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - -
~
21.0
~
20.1
9 X diameter in yards.
12
Where
V= volume of crater in cubic yards.
,.- = 3.1416 (or 22 j 7 approx.).
D = distance across top of crater 1n yards.
a=depth of crater in yards.
o 75 for a
TABLE
TABLE
Material
- - - -----1-- - -
Earth dumped on road .... . -- ----- - --------- -- ----- - --------- ---- ---
Loose rock:
Dumped on road _______ ----- --- ---------- ----- -- ------------ --- -
Dumped alongside road __ __ ------- ----- ---- -- --- -- -------- - -----
Loose screenings dumped on road ... - - --- -- ---- - --- --- --- --- --- --- --
- - -- --- - -- --
2~
1\4
25.0
27.8
50.0
55. 5
29.2
32.4
58.4
64. 8
33.3
37.0
66. 7
74. 1
37. 5
41.7
75. 0
83. 3
41.7
46.3
83. 3
92.6
50.0
55.5
100.0
111.1
66.7
74.1
133.3
148.2
63
62
31
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
31
REFERENCE DATA
TABLE
Requirements per
100 linear yards
Material
Material
Number of Weight
pieces
(tons)
180
120
540
Number
of pieees
10
1.7
0.12
600
Weight
(tons)
28
TABLE
Material
Number of Weight
(tons)
pieces
Material
Number
of pieces
(1) Pickets, 6 inches x 6 inches x 4 feet ___________ __________ _
(2) Guardrail, 6 inches x 6 inches x 10 foct________ ___ ____ ___ _
(3) Flooring, 4 inches x 10 inches x 10 feet __ ____ ____ _____ _, _
(4) Stringers, 4 inches X 10 inches x 10feet_ ___ ________ ___ __ _
(5) Sleepers, 4 inches x 10 inches x 10 feet _____ __ ___ ________ ..
(6) Guardrail spikes, 8-incb __________ __ --- -- ---- ------- .. -- .
(7) Floor spikes, 6-inch------------ -- ---- --- ----- --- ---- ---
40
55
351
120
75
220
I, 404
Weight
(tons)
0.8
2.8
19.5
6. 7
4. 2
3
64
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
120
600
55
10
28
40
2. 6
.6
220
2,400
.9
I:
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
31
T ABLE
31
TABLE
M en
per
day
Traffic
Conditions
M aterial
(tons)
Dimensions, receiving
s p i de r op e n i n gs
(inches)
3ton
\~~<;f.
16
80
I 24
1 40
16
80
. . . . . do. .. ....---- -- --
..... do...... -------
Con t inuous.- -------Continuous
(under
shell fire).
120
240
14
Average depth
of cut or height
of fill (feet)
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
92 100 107
~5
78
70
56
63
119 133 148 163 178 192 208 222
189 211 233 256 278 300 323 344
4. . ----- - -- -- - 267 2"J6 326 356 385 415 444 474
352 389 426 463 500 537 574 611
5.. --- - - - - -
444 4~9 533 578 622 ll67 710 756
6 . . --- - --- - - ---
544 506 648 700 752 803 855 907
7 _____ __---- -
652 711 770 830 889 948 1,010 1, 067
8.. -- --- -- -- -- --
767 833 900 067 1,033 1, 100 1, 167 1, 233
9.. - -- - - - - - ----
889 936 1, 037 1, 111 1, 1% 1, 259 1, 333 1,407
10 .. ----- - -
l , 507 1,589
11 . - - --- --- --- 1, 019 I , 100 1,181 1, 26.3 1, 344 1,426
12. . --- --- - - --- 1,156 I, 244 I, 333 1,422 1, 511 I, 600 I, 688 1, 77fl
13... . . , . . --- - - I, 300 I, 396 1,493 1, 589 1, 685 1, 781 1,888 1, 974
14.. - -- - -- - - - - 1, 452 1, 556 1, 659 1, 763 1,807 1, 970 2,074 2, 178
15__ __ ___ ____ ___ 1, 611 1, 722 1,833 1, 944 2,055 2, 166 2, 268 2, 389
16 ______ ___ _____ 1, 778 1,896 2, 015 2, 133 2, 251 2, 370 2,488 2,607
17 _______ __ _____ 1, 952 2,07~ 2,204 2, 330 2, 456 2, 581 2, 707 2,833
18 . - - -- -- - ---- 2,133 2, 267 2,400 2,533 2,666 2,800 2, 933 3, 067
19 ____ __ _____ ___ 2,322 2,463 2,604 2,744 ?,sse 3,C25 3,168 3, 307
20 __ __ ____ ______ 2, 519 2, 667 2,815 2, 963 3, 111 3,~59 3,408 3, 556
21 ... ----~---- - - 2,722 2, 878 3, 033 3, 1R9 3,344 3, .500 3, 657 3, 811
22 . . ----------- 2, 93.3 3, 006 3, 259 3,422 3, 585 3, 748 3, 913 4, 074
!. . ..... . . . . ....
7
15
22
30
37
45
52
59
67
74
82
89
96
104
111
119
126
133
141
148
156
163
2
7
16
30
46
67
91
118
150
181i
4
15
33
59
93
133
181
237
T ABLE
10 X 16...... - ............ .
9 X 20... .. - - ------ -- -- -
12 X 20. . ..................
15 X 20....................
267
313
534
363
426
474
534
59S
667
740
815
894
626
725
81i2
5- 10
10- 20
2~
15- 30
25- 60
45- 90
90-150
130-225
400-600
2~
- --
12- 15
20- 25
25- 30
30- 50
40- 60
75-125
100-150
175-250
2~
2~
3
3~
10,000
15,000
23,500
32,600
44,000
67,500
100,000
180,000
Weight on Horse
skids
power
(pounds) required
448
370
X 44
8~X 48
9 X 54
12 X 71
12~x 74
14 X 88
19 X 120
25~ X 144
8
-- ----- --
224
4,700,
9,800
9, 900
10, 200
8,500
14,000
29,000
30,000
18-25
3>2
25-35
7
26-35
25-35
35-50
14
40-55
11
60-90 -------
60-90 -------
6
10
g
9
20
16
8
18
16
16
32
38
27
-- -----
-------- -------
11
30
28
27
52
52
60
.A. verage capacities shown may vary 25 percent according to character of material
948
1,068
1,196
1, 334
1,480
1, 630
1, 788
NOTE. -For fills under 2 feet allow 20 p ercent for shrinkage; over
2 feet allow 15 p ercent .
66
- - - - --
4 X 40----- ----- - -- - -- -
9 X 40........... ..........
18 X 38. . ........ . .... .. ..
300
Both
about
2. . .............
8 X 22
3 ___ __________ __
8~ x24
4__ _____ _______ _ g
X27
fi______ ______ ___
12 x35~
6 . . ............ .
12~X 37
7~ ----- ---- - -- - 14 X44
8 . . ............ .
19 x60
10 __ ____________
25~ X 72
Add
for
Add
each Add where
addi where
tiona! slope slope
I>> is 2
2 feet is
on 1
of
on 1
width
Each
about
6
27
1 U nder such conditions road material would be p iled alongside of road whenever
possible.
TABLE
Size No.
Capacity in tons
per h ou r varying
with character of H orse- Approxi
rock
power for
m ate
crusher, weight
-e levator,
of
To pass
and
crusher
diameter
screen
(pounds)
Tons
ring
(inches)
67
Material
Grade d es i gns
tion-tem pera ture F _applied
Source
Form
Liquids-asphalt residues
fluxed with more vola
tile petroleum distilla tes.
,_.
t.>
Remarks
Rapid curinu
5(H20
RC-o
-1
50-120
-2
100-175
-3
150-200
-4
175-250
-5
175-250
Medium curinu
MC-o
50-120
-1
80-125
150-200
-2
-3
175-250
-4
175-250
-5
200-275
n
0
:0
"'0
1:/l
"'c:o
------- - -----
t>1
"~
,.
t>1
t>1
1:/l
Slow curing
50-120
sc-o
-1
5(}-120
-2
120 180
-3
175-250
200 275
-4
-5
20Q-275
-6
250 300
Penetration 200.
- - --- - - -
AC-1
25(}-350
25(}-350
-2
25(}-350
-3
Also graded by
pe netr a tion s .
---------- - --- - -
"l
CCI
MS-1
-2
-3
SS 1
-2
6Q-120
5(}-120 }Road and plant mixes with
coarse aggregate.
5(}-120
5(}-120 }Road and plant mixes with
5(}-120
fine aggregate.
Road tar (RT) priming oils_ All road tars are products
of cok ing bituminous
coal.
Liquids. - - - - - - ______
RT 1
-2
-3
6Q-125
6Q-125
8Q-150
Liquids.------- - - - - -
RT-4
-5
8Q-150
8Q-150
8Q-150
l5Q-225
-6
-7
- ----
:0
t>1
;:J
:0
l"l
~
t>1
~
!;!
t.>
,_.
31
31
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
Rapid
curing
Med ium
curing
Slow
curing
Paving
asphalts
with pene
tration'
0f
"'""
I
I
1'1
0
E-<
~
MC-Q, -1, -2
sc-o, -1, -2
MC-o
SC-1
MC-1
SC-2
MC-2
SC- 3
15(1-200
15(}-200
15(}-200
MC--4, -5
SC-3 ___
MC-2,-3
M C-2
SC-2 - --- -- --Gravel mulch.----- --- --- --- -- --- _
Road mix:
percentage pass
MC-2,-3
SC-2,-3 _ ----------
ing 200 mesh _____ ---- -- --- --
1 Penet rations of 100, 120, 150, and 200 show increasing softness or fluidity.
Pene
trations of 85, 70, 60, 50, 40, etc., show increasing hardness or solidity. R oad oil SC--6
(with high viscosity) and the softest paving asphalts both have penetrations of about
200.
~
0
00
71
31
TABL E XIX
32
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
SECTION I I
CROSSINGS
Grade or designation
11 S2.
Purpose or use
M edium
curing
R aJ?id
cnn ng
Slow
curing
Paving
asphalts
with pene
tration
or
Cold patch:
MC-3
Open graded aggregate
RC-2
SG-3
Den~e graded aggregate __ ..... ___..
M C- 2
SC- 2
Cold h id plant mix:
Open graded aggregate:
fland ....--------- R C- 2, -3
Maximum diame
ter 1 inch, high
percentage pass
ingiOmesh_ __ __ _
R C-3
SC- 3 ---- -------Macadam aggre
gate__ ______ ___ ___
RC-4,-5
Dense graded aggre
gate:
High percentage
MC-3,-4
passing 200 mesh. -- ---------
SC-3, -4 ---- ------ -Maximum diame
ter 1 inch, me
dian percentage
p assing 200 mesh ...... ___ ___ _
MC-4
SC-4
Aggregate precoating
SC-1
MC-o
followedwithasphalt -- ----- ----Hot laid p lant mix_________ RC-4, -5
MC-4, -5
SC-5, -il
15o-200
P enetration macadam:
Cold weather.________ _
RC-5 --- - --- - -- -----sc-o -----------lQ0-200
Hot weather ______ __ ___ ---- --- ----- ---- -------- ---- -- ----------- .JQ-150
Asphaltic concrete__ _______ ---- -- ----- - ------- -------- -- --------- --
GENERAL DATA.
TABLE
2X4
2x 6
4x4
4x6
6X6
2X8
3x8
4x8
6X8
8x8
2X 12
3 X 12
4 X 12
6 X 12
8x 12
lOX 12
12X 12
2X 10
3x 10
4 X 10
6 X 10
8x 10
lOX 10
2 X 14
3 X 14
4X 14
6 X 14
8 X J4
lOX 14.
12XH
Hxl4
2X 16
3x 16
4 X 16
6 X 16
8 X 16
10 X 16
12 X 16
14 X 16
16 X 16
SafetY factors: 1
Wood ___ __ __________ 3.0. . ---- ----------- ------
SteeL ____ ___ ------- 1. 75... ---- ------ --- --- ---
Impact allowable:
Wood...--- -- ------ None except 25 percent for
abutments.
25
Steel ' ---------- ---- I = (L+125)"-------------
Stringer efficiency (same
for botb wood and
steel, except in large
and import ant bridg
es).'
Dead load....-- --------
Examination of existing
structures
4.0.
2.2.
25 percent.
2.5
(May u se 25 per
I = (L-t L25)
cent for small
bridges.)
90 percent (even number 80 percent (if reasonably well
distributed , otherwise less,
of stringers well d istrib
based on any one stringer
u ted).
carry ing more than its pro
80 percent (odd number of
portional share).
stringers well distrib
uted) .
Compute (first assuming Generally assumed from data
in Field Manual (or com
a dead load and check
puted if time permits).
ing back on it).
tIn desi!'ning large and important bridges, which may be used over protracted
periods, it will be better to employ the factors of normal civil practice (4.0 for wood
and 2.2 !or steel) .
' L is span in feet .
' See paragraph 38.
72
73
32
TABLE
32
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
XXII. -T ypicaZ and critical bridge loads
_J
Description
Distance
Axle loads (pounds)
in in ches
between
Gross
- ---
weightl-----c---,-
(Ibs.)
Inter
(' ) (' ) (1)
Front ' medi- R ear ' and and and
ate 2
(' )
(')
(' )
- - -- - - - -1-
----
..J
C3
1&.1
::E
ffi"
.1;
"
____ --- __ __
____ ... .
________
____
150 46
132 46
72
132
145
196
178
l1
- - -
(/)
Q.
a:::
0
0
"
~
~
..
o W
>w
~
w>
(I)
<
!.l
.. . ..
~ I
a:::
,;:
8;;;
-
{E -
Iz
~ I
,.
15
- -1 - - - - --
Truck, 7~-ton, 114 inches from
and towing _.... _. ___ . ... __ _.
155-mm gun, ML ... . __ ____
Truck (AA), 120 inches from
and towing.. ---------
3-inchAAgun,M2A2__ ___
Tractor, heavy, ML ______ ___ __
T ank, light, M2A4__ _____ _____
Truck, field servicing, E-2
(AC) _- - - - - --
T ruck, wrecking, F-2 (AC) . __ _
Truck, crane, engineer .. ___ ___ _
----
- --
~~
~
I.
(.)
!5
z"'
""'
"'.,
~"'
';.,
{!!
:I
~
~-
~"'
~
:t
8
; ~
;;:
~~
'41000'[ 1
~
'
.~
;;
- i
~~
"'
g.,
! ...
~ ~--
"'>
~ ""
~~
;;!
!~
~ ~--
..
~~
::.::
'o.
<.:>Z
"'~~
"' I
~e:
a,_
:I:
.
..
.
!
~
;; ~
~j
~-
~~
j,
;E
""'
'5"'
O.w
~N
'1111000'( 1
~b
~r
~ ...
a::
3:
'41000'~ 1 .
~ooo~
~ ooo'a
z<l
o w
{!! I
,;
'41000't
~
,_.,
;. I
:;
"'"'
"'"'
~
- ::.
i2
~
oS
Qj
5.,
~~
"'
"'~""'
52 256
46 255
216
160
'82
'98
t Distance in inches between axle of towed load and last axle of prime mover.
' Length of normal ground contact of crawler tread.
a Can be carried on H-10 t imber t restle bridge with spans less than 20 feet. Medium
tank requires bridges built for H-20 loads.
oS
"'
r~~
,;
"'~
x"'ol
~.
;t,
74
1&.1
u
- w .... ~~ \..
~a. cu~z1
Truck, 4-ton,. cargo (towing) !16, 500 6,100 5, 200 5, 200 142 52 194
155-mmhowttzer . . . .. __ ______ IO,OOO __ _____ - --- 10,000 ____ __ __ , 216
Trac;or,m~di~,M1(towing),
l1 l
l
:l -&
]~ 'I :I II
ll
"'
:;;
'Ol
.<::
"
~
s"
cxi
(')
~
z j
;!
~
c "'
l
~::E
"
a:::
ffi
a:::
1&.1
l.
j
z
I?
.....
N
~ ~
...
~T
~
:I
:
s..
I- <{
""'
3~
Ill
-IN
"'
~:r
.,.
:!
~-
<I
~N
e::E
:;i~I
1
"'
i.i:t
~
J
ll
~
{!!
~"'
0
,_ ,
~I
.L
~
:1
"!J!,:
~
,;
75
"ii
~
....~
i~r
.L
l(
:t
~
ii
,.....
i!. 1
l;
<.>
8
~
..
"
II
32
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
o H 20 LOADING
~I ~I
I ~I
j t1 .25T.TRUCK I
~I ~I
j 15T. TRUCK I
32
REFERENCE DATA
~I ~I
1tt. 25 T. TRUCK 1
!11 .2 5T
TRf
UCK
_ Q _ , (1)
(!)
())
Zl
it) __;__
30+ 1 4'+-3o'--+- 1 ~3o'-+-14'+--3o' ---J- 1 4'
30'
H 15 LOADING
0
0
~I ~I
! ' !. TRUCK I
30'
(!)
14' + - 3 0'
C5
~ i1
~I ~I
==!~TRUCK I
~I ~I
(f)
ClEARANCE AMl
LANE VN>THS
1 7. ~T TRUCK I
17.5 T TRUCK!=
())
!' - 6"
---'---
(!)
(!)
3o '- - - j - 14'+30'
4W
Class of
bridge
F or division bridges . . __ --- . . -- ----- -- - - - ----- -- -------- F or corps a nd army bridges up to 25 feet in span ___ ___ _______ _
F or corps a nd army bridges over 25 feet in span . _- ----------
H - 10
H- 15
H - 20
A
AA
Span
- - Feet
Span
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Inc hes
10
12)1!
15
17)1!
20
22)1!
25
27)1!
30
35
40
45
76
F irst
Br ick in
P lain class cut
cement concrete
stone
(,;bl ar)
12
13)1!
15
16)1!
17)1!
18
19
20
21
22
23
25
Inches
Inches
Feet
Inches
Inches
8
9
10
8
9
10
50
26
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
Zl
28
29
22
23
24
26
Zl
28
29
30
32
34
36
11
11
13
14
15
16
17
18
20
21
12
13
282736 --41----6
14
15
16
17
18
19
'.l'l
30
32
34
35
36
38
40
In ches
20
20)1!
21
22
23
24
25
26
28
29
30
32-33
CORP~
OF ENGINEERS
TABLE XXV.-Time o!
Type
Maximum
length
considered
REFERENCE DATA
constructicm of bridges
Personnel
Average time
Remarks
33
(2) Build road surface 1 inch above the bridge flooring ini
tiaUy. If traffic develops holes in the road pavement about
2 feet from the end of the bridge, .t hese must be kept filled
with tamped gravel.
b. Abutments.
Footbridge, M1935 ........ 432 feet... ... 43 men. .. 1 hour_________ See table
XXXVIII
Kapok footbridge:
Assembling on bank... 2M feet___ ___ 30 meu___ 35 minutes____ Successive
bays.
Shoving across ________ -------------- 90 men___ 20-40minutes _ Launched as
a unit.
Ponton bridges:
Light bridge, M1938.. 250 feet ______ 103 men.. 4-6 hours ____ __ Field condi
tions.
Heavy bridge, M1940.. __ ___do....... 145 men. . 6-8 hours_____ _
Do.
Standard timber trestle
bridge H-15 6 by 8 inch
posts with wood string
ers.... ----- -------- --- -- 8 bays, 120 }
40 men'- 12 hours '
feet.
Or steel stringers._____ 200 feet......
Portable steel bridge:
H-10------------------ 72 feet. ...... 42 men___ 1-2 hours__ ____ One hour less
if crane is
used.
H-20. ....------------- 125 feet..... . 60 men... 4-6 hours
Spar bridge.-- --- --------- 40 feet.____ __ 40 men... 3 hours.
Spar trestle bridge ___ ___ __ __ ___ do_____ __ .....do.... 5 hours.
Pile bridge___ ___ __________ 7 bays, 105
feet, 20
foot piles._ 100 men. . 6 days.
Crib bridge___ ____________ 7 bays, 105 200 men __ 4 days.
feet.
Railroad bridge___________ ..... do__ _____ Variable, 2 months to 4
40-200.
days.
A stiff bottom and standard bridge members are assumed. If members have to
be assembled out of smaller material, it may be necessary to add men for extra work
or to increase time allowance. Work on abutments (but not approaches) considered.
Including time for assembling standard trestles.
I
33.
r-A
PLA!f
-----,-
. -----rl
~~,~
StCT/01( A-tJ
Bridge
u~grade
1 -1'#.~
toward the
FIGURE
78
!:.
~;;
~ll/DCit" SeAT
"'Y!l'~
79
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
REFERENCE DATA
33
<a> Formula.
t=Ki-;
where
K = projection of mudsill beyond bridge seat or trestle sill in
feet.
C = constant, depending on material of mudsill .
p =safe pressure in pounds per square foot on bottom of
footing course or safe bearing pawer of soil.
t = thickn.ess in inches of mudsills.
34
Feet
fic permitted.
l l-'
2
0 0 0 o o o o OO o
oOO O
__ ___ o
____ _
o_o _o
ooooOO OOOO o o o o o o o o o O
0 - - oo ooooooooOOOoooooOOo oo
2l-' .
4
oooo oooooooooooooooooooo
00 o
o o o o o o o oooOOOOOOOO OOOoOO
. 44
36
31
89
.73
.63
.28
.22
80
56
44
1. 34
1.09
.94
. 85
67
0
1. 79
1. 46
1. 26
1.13
.89
2. 23
1. 82
1. 57
1. 41
1. 11
2. 68
2.18
1.89
1. 70
1. 34
81
REnRENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
35
35.
D istance
r= WF X ~(fig.
43)
WL
w,
f
;_
ct.
IFJ < FACTOR x L, MMAX IS AT
Ji
WR
ct.
FROM
g,
w,
4
WL
M = - - <total load W uniformly distributed over span L)
8
W <4a+b)
M - - - - <uniform, moving load W partially distributed)
8
where
M= moment in inch-pounds at center of a simple beam.
W= totalload in pounds.
L= span in inches.
b= length of load in inches.
L- b
a = - -, or distance in inches of each end of load from
2
<t
ment are-
WR
35-36
Value of factor
proportion ing:
0. 586
. 551
. 535
. 527
WR = Wp
WR=2WP
WR= 3 WP
Wn =4Wp
82
fig. 43 )
jd 8
M = - - <round timbers)
10
where
M= resisting moment in inch-pounds.
/ = maximum working fiber stress for material <see ch. 4) .
b= breadth of rectangular timber in inches.
d = depth of rectangular timber in inches or diameter of
round timber.
S=section modulus, 1/ Y in inches cubed (in.') from hand
books.
10
CA)
(!)
E~27~o~,o~o~o~~~~~~~i~~~~~~~~~~~~~20
~';1 ~
250.000
>I.:I:S.l.O~L
-11+1+11-ffil~t'ri"HI:f-t.ttl+'l<tsl:::!~fi:ta~~~.o
.
~-
200,000
~-<?
b~;:1:
50
;!;
()~~
60
70
t;
r;n
:5
~~~
~
125.000
~!
1i'~ffi.o
150,000 2
40
00
"'"
/~~
175.000 (/)
0,(0
3()1
t::
.;.tt ~
t'>o
~
~
Ul
IO~CD
~.~~~
75.000~111~
25
20
.~TRINGER
g
...,
"'l
sa
i:'l
:>I
"
90
.J
~ ~ ~ ~ iiO ~
\.
111'1!11
oo.ooo~ri3i&ti
J; 11fj
~ ~ ~
50
(1\
2 5.000-~ ~
100
130
10
15
SPANS IN FEET
eo
Ill
~''o~~:E~~~~
~(94o1,G
'D'"''s1o,
eo,ooo--'-='-T'"""""'~
IX
5 l'o/V
liO
25
1Rucl(
20
lo.<~os
IQ
5' 18" 16
14
12
10
6
CA)
(!)
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
36
g) "'
.o.,'O
""0
~0)
. ... ,r.. 0
.,.
"'"'
p.
1Hl:2~~~~~
II
-~o
p.
~~2~2
l2 ,.g ~- ~ g g !i gf l'l.
"'"' "'
.O~"'
'
'
"'
"' . o"'
"""'"'
"
o c- 0
~"8.
"'"' "'
.Ooo'O
8--i ~
~C'I:) 8.
:rJ
I
I
"0
~~d
~ 8.
" "
~=~~
;::: 8.
"' "'
~lO'O
""
$:3~ 0
;; 8.
"' "'
~0'0
I
I
".o
~=~~ 0
;;; 8.
g)
.Ct--'8"'
g~ 0
0
p.
....
g)
"'
.Cr--.'8
gu-;;::s
;:; 8.
.....
o~
~~
e-f ci
ll)
10-
gi
"'g<j
0<00~
00
8~5588~8555555 1
I
I
00
gggsggggss
O.OlO
rl--'~M
'
~~-;::r~0)-00-r-.:~.G
~~~~g~~~
: :
: :
:
........
'
',
C'l... 0 ...
00
r..:
f&)- {0-
.Q
"'!
8~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ,
LO... ~- '<!fl.. ~
55 gl :
cQ
~8-~~1
e-f
~~~t
:
: :
.
: :
'
'
'
l : '
' '
'
'
' '
86
""..;
...;
""'
"3
"'8
0
'
oo~si~i~~ ~~g
"~
~~
'
~ _16_ ~ ~ ~ ~
2... --- - - - -
----------
356
6____ ______
237
533
8_ _______ __
177
400
143
118
---- ---- --- - ---------- ------- --
710 1, 110 1, 600 2,175 2,845~~~-- ---888 1, 280 1, 745 2, 279 2, 880 3, 550 4, 300
740 1,066 1,454 1,896 2,400 2,960 3, 580 4, 260
3,072 3, 655
635
914 1, 245 1,626 2, 055 2, 580
3,200
556
800 1,090 1,424 1,800 2,225 2,690
494
710
968 1, 264 1, 600 1,975 2,390 2,848
2,150 2,560
444
640
871 1,137 1,440 1, 778
2,328
404
581
792 1,035 1, 308 1, 617 1, 956
948 1,200 1, 481 1, 794 2,132
371
533
727
..!:2.2
320
570
267
475
228
406
200
356
-----316
----- 284
---- - - --- -- ---- -- --- - --
'
'
- !-- - - - _8___
10___
12_
'00
(feet)
...:
'
'
TABLE
''
: :
..;
' '
' ''
' '
'
'
'
.Q~~
...
' I
' 0'
:
: ' '
,. ........
"'
: :
CI?MC"'C'l
....
I
I
'
.t--C'l
"'!00
<0
oor:~I.Q'..;-~-ri
8oooo,....;rcoC'lo
~~55
'
<0
"'
~
Q:ICQM<'OC'l~rl,....
gf ~- ~- ~- ~ ;! ;::- ci
36
....
~ ~ ~ 8 8 8 8 8 81
1 g g- ~- cf ci ~ ~ ;i ;! S '
OC'lC"'<C
"' "'
~M"'
ci
TABLE
- --
~~~~~~~~~
<o;f!C'I:>C'CC'tNC't~rlrl
'
C":>
"' "'
~"Ct4"Cl
C'IC'lC"01'1C'l~r.Or.O~
"<:1'-
...-10)00
.o..,'O
"'
g.o
-"'op.
:
:
"'
~ ~~~~~~~~I I
I
8 ~ ~ ~ ~ g ~ ~ 551
c.r:
r-.: ...,;
""
"~"
;oOs.
I
"'
B
~g[ig~~~~gf
"' "'
g:ri
REFERENCE DATA
(feet)
87
36-37
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
22.5
10
TABLE
37-38
Type of stringer. .----- ----- - --- - Type offloor_ __ ___ __ ___ ______ ___ _
One-way ___ --------------- --Two-way ___ __________ _____ ___
Steel_____ ____ _
Wood _______ __
250-400--- ----4!J0-7()()__ _____ _
Steel.
Concrete.
llOO up.
1,300 up.
u=
HANDRAil.
w(____E:_)
2L-T
where
L= stringer span in feet.
N= number of 1-beams.
T = length of tank or tractor track in contact with the floor,
in feet.
U= total uniformly distributed safe load of length T in
pounds.
W= allowable concentrated load in pounds.
b=total width of stringers of depth d in inches.
d = depth of stringer in inches.
/ = allowable bending stress in pounds per square inches
<usually 1,000 to 1,800; see table CXLIII) .
u = uniform dead load of span in pounds per linear foot
(see table XXXI> .
88
10"0"
r-
--------
SILL
--,
_J
where
N= total number of stringers.
S' = stringer spacing in feet center to center.
b. For a simple one-track stringer bridge, with an even
number of stringers, it is considered that stringers can be
placed to allow a stringer efiiciency of 90 percent to be used
in design. For reconnaissance the determination of stringer
efiiciency is a matter of judgment. If the flooring is satis
factory, assume a stringer efiiciency of 80 percent. Tables
XXXV and XXXVI provide a quick means of determining
89
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
REFERENCE DATA
where
= unsupported length of the column.
d=least dimension of the column.
E = modulus of elasticity.
s=unit working stress for compression parallel to the grain
<table CXLIID.
K = 0.64 E! s (for select merchantable Douglas fir K=22.5)
p = allowable unit load.
P=total load=pA.
A=cross-sectional area.
38-41
TABLE
41
1-~(~d)')
--.-~--,--,--,--,--,--,--,-,-~--~--
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
NOTE.- This table can also be used for timber columns not rectan
gular L / d being equivalent to 0.289 L / r where r is the least radius
of gyration of the section.
p = s( 1- 6~d)
90
91
TABLE
L ength
(feet)
L
([
Safe unit
working
stress p
Sa fe load P
for post=
1,080
960
840
720
600
1,040
960
880
800
720
640
560
1,020
960
900
840
780
720
660
600
540
480
17,280
15,360
13,440
11,520
9,600
37,440
34,560
31, 880
28,800
25,920
23,040
20, 160
65,280
61,440
57,600
53,760
49,920
46,080
42,240
38,400
34,560
30,720
where
P = safe load in pounds.
w= weight of hammer in pounds.
h = height of fall of hammer in feet.
s = average penetration of the pile under several successive
blows of the hammer, in inches.
pA
TABLE
12
18
24
30
8
12
16
20
24
28
32
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
36
92
42-44
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
41-42
Penetratio n
(fee t)
Probable
safe load
(pounds)
15
30
10
15
20
30
10
15
20
30
8
4, 500
C h aracter of so il
Penetra- P rob ab le
t ion
safe load
(feet)
(pounds)
--
Soft mud _____ __ ___
Soft clay_____ - ---
Compact silt ____ __
10,000
7,000
10,000
13,000
20,000
15,000
23,000
30,000
45,000
16,000
10
12
15
20
30
8
10
12
15
20
30
20,000
24,000
28,000
36,000
48,000
20,000
24,000
28,000
34,000
43,000
60,000
p~opor
93
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
44
--------------------------------------------------------
44-45
Recommendations
32. Fte~~~k~-:::=:::::::::::::::-:_:::::~~=~~~~~~~~~~~~=~==:=::
--si-:E~ii~ate-~i-t1~;-;.~~i~i"i~~ct-i~r~~;-;;"t~~~t!.;~==================
Description of bridge
7. ~e------------------ - -----------------------------------
g: ~~:af ii~gth===============================================
~~: ~~t~~e~~~~~d=~~~=========================================
13 Clearances.
t~: ~~~~!ifr:-:::-:::::::~:~~:~~~~~~~~~:~::~~:~=~:~~~-==~=-=====
paving ---------------- - - - - -------- - --- ------------------
1~
(Make plan and profile on extra sheet showing (a) all bridges
Involved in crossings; (b) bridge being reported on)
22. one of- ____ _______ bridges involved in crossing___________ _
-------------
--~~~-~~~~~~:~-~;::;::~--~:~i~~~-~:~:~{-~~-~:::~==========
Observed ---------
_______cut or fill .
Straight length_______width_______height
___ ____cut or fill.
29. Remarks-------------------------------------------------
{b) ___ ___ _end.
--ao:"De~ciiptl~~-~f-c~ti"~ecti~g-r~~dway-bet~een--s-;;;ral-brldges
-----------------------------------
95
45
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
REFERENCE DATA
stringers
[Total stringer widths in inches required for 10-ton single-axle load]
Depth of stringers
Span c. to c. (feet)
6"
Span c. to c.
(feet)
6"
12.5#
7"
15.3#
8"
18.4#
2.9
4. 0
5.0
6. 0
7. 2
8.3
9.5
10. 6
2.2
2. 9
3.7
-1 .4
5. 3
6.1
6.9
7.8
10.2
9"
21#
10"
25.4#
12"
31.8#
15"
42.9#
18"
54. 7#
20"
65.4#
8"
6............. .
4.2
8............ ..
5. 6
10.... . .... ....
7. 1
12.. ........ ...
8. 6
14____________ _ 10.2
16... .... ..... . 12.2
18...... ..... . 13.6
20... . .. .... ... --- ----
25
96
10"
12"
14"
- - -- - - - -- - - - - -- -- - - - - - - C2
34
22
15
6---- --- ------------------ ----
12
30
38
46
54
64
74
84
21
26
32
38
44
50
58
15
20
24
27
32
36
42
46. SUSPENSION
stresses in cables.
(1) For
BRIDGES.-a.
a uniform load:
T = S/2
s ()
T=~.JS 2 +[ 4~ (S+ W)
97
46-47
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
where
T = maximum cable tension (in all cables at one tower).
W= concentrated live load on bridge.
S =sum of all live and dead loads on bridge cables (including
impact and all other loads).
L = span in feet between towers.
d=defiection (sag) of cable in feet at midpoint below tops
of towers.
o=angle made with the horizontal by tangent to cable at
tower.
'b
~
'b ~ :
"c:"c: '
where
y = length of sling.
x = distance from middle point of bridge to sling.
ii::~lCI
.!;!
,;
Q)
~0
..,
.:s.....ti
.,
!....
y = (~)x
"~~
8h~
...
~.
.. .
-~~ :
~~.c: :
ol
11'1
'0
s::ol
...0
i
~
.s::0
li
.s"'
...
_b
J. 'NJI'NF
j<I8JJI';}
;:l
Q)
:s...
.0
+'
..
l
~
......~
0
.....
'0
Q)
:a
s
Q)
"'
1
co
"'
r.l
"
FIGURE
98
99
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
REFERENCE DATA
TABLE
47-48
Less than 2..... . ___ ____ . ______ _____ _____ _______ ________ _____ __
~~~:3_-~::::::::::::::::::~:: :::::::~::::::::::::::::::::::::: I
D ay
2
1).2
Night
*Y.t
XXV. )
B ridle li nes,
anchor cable
to bridge
Float
cable
required
for
bridge
length
over
(feeL)
--- ---
0
1,000
500
Each 10 bays . .
700
300
Each 6 bays._ .
300
2
3
500
350
200
200
100
Each 4 bays...
Each 2 bays...
Each bay__ ____
200
100
4
1
(1)
(')
Any length.
100
101
REFERENCE DATA
49
CURRENT
d""""
J l
103
REFERENCE DATA
49
..
,,,""""'
~-
'
_.{
//
.
'
/'
,l
,/
.'
''
w......u_lll<f-,.
~
tru1h.....
I'I
I'
1 ~
<
'nI
I
I
I
I
'
I
'
I.
I
104
t
;\
l
It
105
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
49
REFERENCE DATA
TABLE
Heavy
ponton
battalion,
Ml924
Trestles:
Number per bridge platoon ______ ____ __________ ___ ____ _
Capacity, unreinforced . . . _____ , ____ ___ ___ _______ tons ._
Weight ____ __ -- --------- - --- -- -- ----- - ---- ---Pounds ..
Width of roadway (clear) _____ ____ ___ _____ __ __ ___ ____.feet. _
Number of balk under roadway per span, normal con
struction . _____ __ __________ __ ____ ______ _______ __ ________ _
Ferrying capacity, men per boat, exclusive of crew ____ ___ _
Number men in boat crew-- - - --- -- -- - ---- ---- --------- --
4
25
1, 690
11~
58
7 to 9
Light
ponton
company,
M 1938
20
1,050
10
8
'25
'5 to 7
Heavy
ponton
battalion,
M1924
106
' 23
Light
ponton
company,
M!938
46
'250
10
20
2 250
145
6-8
103
4- 6
16
16
16
4-12
16
15
15
15
4-12
15!-i
12
24
48
4,000
32
6!-i
Zl, 100
4,100
23,100
12
36
-----------
1,450
28
5!-i
15,000
2,600
12,400
107
49
TABLl!:
50
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
Type of bridge
MiniMaxiMaxiWidth of
mum
Maxi
mum
mum
roaddistance
mum
gross
axle
way
between
speed
load
load
(clear)
(m. p.h.)
(pounds) (pounds) vehicles
(feet)
(feet)
- - - - - - - - ----
7~-ton,
M1926, normal'._ -- __
7~-ton, M1926, reinforced'---
1Q-ton, M1938, normal : _____ __
1Q-ton, Ml938, reinforced'--- __
23-ton, M1924, normal ___ ____
2.5-ton, M l940 ' - -- ---- -- ---- - -
15,000
30, 000
20, 000
40, 000
. 46,000
12,,000
24, 000
16,000
32,000
32, 000
32
32
35
35
32
5
5
5
5
5
50.
TRESTLE BRIDGES.
U)
.-<
(!)
- - --
Cl
0: '0"'
IIl oS
LL
10
10
10
10
11)4
.s
:>.
s
til
~
;:;; '0 .
w
-1
w
-1
<(
Normal span ofl6 feet between boa t centers, seven 4- by 6-inch balk and 2 siderails
in each ponton b ay and each trestle and hinge span, and 1 1ayer of 2Ys-inch chess.
' One extra b oat in each boat span. Seven balk and 2 siderails in b oat spans and
13 balk and 2 siderails in abutment, trestle, and hinge spans. (This is the 15ton
bridge.)
Normal span of 15~ feet between boat centers, eight 4- by &-inch balk and 2 side
Tails in each ponton bay and in each trestle and hinge span, and1layer of 2)-ji inch
()hess.
'One extra boat in each boat span. Eight b alk and 2 side ra ils in boat spans and
14 balk and 2 siderails in abutment, trestle, and hinge spans. (This is t he 20-ton
b ridge.)
Normal span of 16 feet between boat eenters, nine 5~- by 7%-inch balk a nd 2
sid~rails in each bay, 1 1ayer of 2Ys-inch chess, and 1 transverse b alk in t he cen ter of
each span.
This b ridge, now under design, will replace the 23ton bridge, Ml924.
I
Ci
:::>
tH}.....
"'O.""
'" .-<
8_s
1- t:i 0.
(3 ..... ;:l
Q)"'
-1 .gj'
~ 0.
:.s'""'
Vl
"'v;0
oom
.-:eoo
s~
0
<D
0.::
'E
0"'
l'l'O
~g
~~
0.
z "'
c:
0
".;z.,
IIl
LL 0 ~
0 .<:1 '0
"'oS
....
Q.
"o
2'
t:1"
z ., -0
=..,
ti :&
"'c:
5"'
"'
+'
>
w '3
-1
,..:
""
U>
!5
li:".
"''
~ .;;
ZN
"' "'
108
109
50
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
- - t r t - -- - - - - -
&"l( It"
II' STRINGERS
It 111ft' aU I
STEEL STRINGERS
ELEVATION
OF
BENT
FIGURE 58. -Multiple short span (nonfioat!ng) bridge for corps and
army loads (H-15 loading) . Steel stringers in spans
up to 25 feet.
TABLE
fRtSTLE lENT 8
TRSTLE BENT C
TRESTLE IENY E
TRSTLE lENT 0
Size
2layers of3- by 12-inch b y 11-foot planks.
6 by 6 inches.
6by8inchesby12feet.
2 by 10 inches.
.~
~ I t' SILL
ABUTMENT F
ABUTMENT A
110
TRESTLE BENT B
TRESTLE BENT C
TRESTLE BENT 0
TRESTLE
BENT E
--.
50
REFERENCE DATA
Class of
beam
index
15-17)11 -- -
CB10l
CB 101
CB 121
CB 121
17*20....
20-2271!---
22*25____
~~.OLTt4"LOfll. TO
SIDUM: CUlt. TO I'LOOit
W.TEMAT[) _ __
--.._
Weight
Nominal
(pounds dimensions
(inches)
per foot)
21
21
25
25
10x 5~
10x5~
12x671!
12x671!
Actual
leng th
(feet)
Material strength
19
Standard commercial.
Do.
2171!
24
Do.
Do.
2671!
1--- - - -- - -""'- - - - - - - - l
TRESTLE BENT C
111
51
51.
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
STEEL TRUSSES.-'-Il.
TABLE XLIT.-~ermissible
Number of
girders
- ----1-----------------
2--------------- H-20 H-15 -- - - -- - H-10
3______ _______________ ____ ------- -
H -20
H-15
H - 20
52.
H-10
112
51-52
113
52
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
53-54
REFERENCE DATA
53.
T ype of unit
Infantry_ __ _____ ______ ____ ____ _____ ___ _____ __ __ _____ ___ ________ ___ _____
3)6
4\-2
3
2
1- 3
2-4
4-6
,,I'
Small grou ps of m en .
Horse cavalry in sm all grou ps.
W agons and 75-mru guns.
Divisional loads.
1 positionbyh~
/.-::?
FIGURE 63.-A method of erecting framed trestle bents.
1!4
Will support
3 . .. - -- - - -- ----- - -- -------- - - --------- - - - -4-5--- - - - ------ - --------------- - --- - - -- ---- 7... .. - --- -- -- - -- ------ - --- ---------------!1-12__ __ ______ _____ __ ____ _____ ____ __ __ __ ____
.,'Ift
115
54
54
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
I\
Cvrr~nl"
g;.
S=
'
~----~~~----~~~----~
Curr~nl"
\
FIGURE 66. -Flying ferry.
116
117
55-56
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
56
REFERENCE DATA
SECTION ill
RAILWAYS
118
'
.?
1&' - o "
-1~<'------i
'o
.:.
....!_. ,
SUBGRADE
' I
\., I
.....,
DISTANCE BETWEEN
TRACKS .
--- ----r~~~~:.-0~~:.:.~-;
"?
,.,
TO CONFORM TO
RAILWAY STANDARDS.
119
tu~nels .
56
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF EN GI NEERS
Radius
R
% unit chord
sin % (degree of curve) or
rai lway
Inches or
Cub ic yards of
b all ast~~ nder ballast per m ile
1- --- - - - - 1, 529
1, 779
2, 032
2, 295
2, 577
2, 863
3, 137
6
7
10
%C
sin % D
LENGTH IN INCHES
EQUALS CURVATURE OF
TRACK IN DEGREES
120
56
121
t11
0)
Capacity
Type of car
Dimensions in feet
Outside
Men(8 Ani
square mals
feet per (light
T dns man
draft
and
equip at 22
inches)
ment)
Weight Heigh
empty from
Cubic in tons rails t
feet
top o
floor
Inside
L en gth
(center Width Height Length
ofcouplings)
- - --- - --
W idth
Height
--- - - -
rn
,_. M ilitary:
;:-~~d-~~~d-~!;;
_~::::::::::::1 ~ 1 -----~~-1-----~~-1::::::::
Tank, 5-000-gallon ___ ________ __ ______ - - -- -- -- - - --- --- ------- Caboose_____ ____ ______ ______ _ -- - - - --- --- - -- - -- - -- - ------Typical commercial: 1
38
20
2, 750
BoX--------------------------1 30
40
43
22
3,100
3,100
43
22
50
.40 ,_____ ___ , ____ ___ _
Flat.---------------------- --
50
70 , ____ ____ ,_____ ___ ,____ ____
Stock. ___ ----------- __ - -- __ _
30
20
40
20
50 , ___ ____ _,__ _____ _
Gondola. ____________________ _
70
45
53
40
50
T ank:
8,0IJO-gallon. ______ __ - ----
!O,ODO-galion. __ _______ ___ _
Refrigerator______ ___ _______ - __
2, 625
2,625
1, 570
1, 920
27
3. 8
3.8
3.8
3.8
9.6
9.0
9.0
9. 5
28
28
28
28
14. 1
7.1
13.0
14.3
24.2
24.4
8
8
dia.6.4
8
22. 1
20.6
8.8
3. 3
-- -----7. 0
"d
t'l
:>:l
18
20
24
18
20
25
20
25
L7
L7
L7
L7
L7
L7
L7
39.8
44.3
44. 3
42.0
47.0
52.0
39.5
39. 5
44.5
52,5
10.3
10.3
10.3
10.0
10. 0
10.0
9. 5
9. 5
10.0
10.3
14.5
14.5
14.5
1. 3
7. 3
6. 7
14. 0
14. 0
8.0
7.3
36
40. 5
40. 5
40.0
45
50
36
36
40
48
8. 5
9
9
8. 5
8. 5
9
9
------- 9
-------9
--- ----8. 5
8. 5
8. 5
8. 5
9.9
4
10.0
4
20
25
3.6
3. 6
44.3
04. 3
10.3
10.3
14.5
14.5
40.51
50.5
8.5 1
8. 5
20
24
28
30
45
20
00
3.7
3.7
3.7
3. 7
3.7
3. 7
3. 7
38. 3
38.3
41.5
43.5
70. 0
38.0
83. 0
9. 3
9. 3
10. 0
10.0
10.0
10. 0
10. 0
13. 2
14.0
13. 5
13.5
14. 0
14. 0
14. 0
33
33
40. 5
40.5
60
27.5
78.5
L5
~6
~7
22
22
3, 100
3,850
22
12
10
14
13
rn
g
g
dia. 6.6
dia. 7. 2
8.2
8.2
9.1
8.2
8.5
1. 2
1. 5
8
7
8. 5
Ill
l"l
Passenger capacity
...
~
c.:o
I
Coach .. ----- --------- -- -- -----
Sleeper, 12 sections and drawing
room.-------- -- - ------------- - -
Sleeper, 16 sections______________ __
2 per
3per21 3 ~~r
double 1 double
ts
sec 1on
sea
seat
70
46
53
64
40
48
I I I
---------
40
48
I I
""
1:'1
Ill
1:'1
~
C'l
1-
60
3. 7
72. 0
10. 0
14.0
63. 0
9.1 I
70
70
3. 7
3.7
82.5
82. 5
10. 0
10. 0
14. 0
14. 0
74.0
74. 0
9. 1
9. 1
1:'1
t:l
>
~
II
8
8
The figures given are for some types in common u se. (The 40-ton stock car
I There are no standard dimensions of commercial cars.
All types have similar variations in capacity and all dimensions .)
comes in 32lengt hs varying from 35 feet 7 inches to 41 feet 10 inches.
Ice capacity, 4 tons.
Ice capacity, 5 tons.
01
0)
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
56
56-57
REFERENCE DATA
j. Man-hour data.
TABLE
84 TONS ON ENGINE
54'-4"
148 TONS TOTAL (LOADED)
12'- OM
--------+1
E ach 100
linear
yards
Each job
'192
'96
SECTION
IV
CONSTRUCTION IN WAR
57.
30 TONS
69.--Standard locomotives.
75-ton steam
Normal load . ---- - --------- -- - -- -- - --
124
30-ton gasoline
mechanical
500-ton train.
250 tons.
700 feet.
35 gallons.
150 gallons.
125
57-58
58
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
camq>
TABLE
Semi per
manent
camps
~ 0 0 ci ci
ci 0
1AAAA~~H<
...:1
Z
Bivouacs
a 8~~~ ~~
50
50
50
100
100
50
M~
c-:f
'
.' .,'
'
'I
'"'
;g
I
'-~
J~~~~~~~
oo ,....,.....,..... .....
C'>l
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .~
"'=11
:
I
.5-.9
M C'I
I
t
: : : : 'tj: : :
8 0000 0 0
~~~~~~~rc:
I
...;
~~~
0
~"" ""
'' ''
'' ''
"'o:>O~
' '
1
'
~~r
[~
"' "' 0
'
127
'
1l"' '
'
l26
'
!~
""
C11
CX>
Item
Size
Un1t
---1
100
26
289
......
""
CX>
10 __ ___ _____
F eet,
W eight
boa rd
m easure (pounds)
Length
I Piece
___ ___ !
4 inches ______ lg feet __ ___ _____ ___ _I
Pound ___ _ 2Qd ___ ____ ___ _____ _ 4 inches ___ ____ ___ _
~by
1 -534
D escription
1--
- - -- -
2, 225 1 Lumber.
26 N ails.
3, 613 2)..2 -inch corruga t ed s t eel s h ee t s , bla ck, 28
gage .
22 Nails , ba r b ed, roofin g, 10 ga ge.
11 Ri vets.
330 Building, p ap er.
18 Wire, galv anized .
2 Staples, poultry n e tting.
200 Lath s.
Nails 15 gage .
n
0
:%l
'<I
"'0
"'
l'l
~
"....
~
t'l
t'l
:%l
"'
NoTE.-Materials include d in items Nos. 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 w ill be u sed if insulation is required .
B ILL No. 4.
L --------
2 _____ _____ _
F or 24 sas h
48
1
BILL No.5.
50
3 ~i
I 'l'ransparent
Lumber.
p lastic sheet.
Nails.
4
23
2
1
8
10_____ _____1
600
8 feet____________ __
22
8 fee t _____ ___ _____ _
92
S leet__ ________ ___ _
4
3 feeL _______ __ ___ - --- -- -- - 10 inches _____ _____ - - ---- --- 2 inches ___ ____ ____
- -- - - - ---I ~ in ches _________
---------12 feeL _____ ______ ---- -----~4 in ch _____ _______
---- ----3 inches __ ____ _____
-- -- --- -- -
92
383
17
Lumber .
D o.
D o.
~ Woodd owel.
20
T-hin ges a nd necessary screws.
I ~ N a ils.
Do.
~
1
R ope , m anila .
1
Screw ey es, wire, #106 Sar gent or equal.
1
Screw hooks and eyes.
"'
"'
l'l
l'l
.._. BILL
""
~I
NO . 6.
---1
- ------ -
--------
7____ _______
g __ _______ __
9__ ________ _
l'l
co
100
300
136
26
100
84
28
20
4
Piece____ __
P iece_____ _
Piece______
Piece__ ____
Piece ____ __
Piece ______
Pound ___ _
Pound_____
Pound. ____
2 b y 4 inch es _____ _
}1i b y 6 inches __ , __
~~ by 6 inches _____
2 b y 2inches ____ __
~~ by 3 inch es _____
~~ by 3 inches _____
8-d___ _____ ________
6-d ___ __________ ___
3-d _______ _____ -- -
-- ----- ---
~
l'l
3, 334
8, 750
2, 266
292
1, 458
700
28
20
4
L u m ber .
D o.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Nails.
Do.
Do.
g
S!
en
CX>
BILL No.7.
Item
I~?;; I
I
2------- ---
3.... -------1
Unit
I
I
8....... .... 1
9........... 1
Length
Size
L __ ____ __ __ ,
~'
tTl
<
Electrical
10 ... do .......
1>4 inches........ .
4 l... do.......
Feet,
Weight
board
measure (pounds)
1- - -1 -- -15~\
Description
- - - - - - - -
Fuses, plug.
1>4 Socket, pull, brass, S22 (P. and S. cat. 38,
base B. P.).
7Y.! Ki:wbs, split porcelain, with nail and
leather washer .
Tubes, poreelain.
Lamps, Mazda, 115-volt.
Number of pieces of wood sheathing must be adjusted when specified width is not available.
Allowance included for cutting waste only. To cover other losses add: For lumber, 3 percent (minimum, 1 piece each size); for nails,
rivets, and screws, 10 percent.
:>:1
"'0
f/2
":!
t<l
t<l
"'
f/2
Sosh
+--
Wood Sheolhing
Under
liD.U
Ail SMIs of Ill Gi76e
Corrygat.d Slu l, Black,
:1 h
Carr. St eel
Covered.
noted.
SECTION
FRONT
SHOWING ALTEfiNATE COVERINGS AND
A-A
25W
FRAM E
Cut-Out Overhoad
Olloil on Sheet 113
Ooors Type II
01/oi/ on Shle/14
5/i.Jing S tJSh,
0 - 2B2 n 0
REFERENCE DATA
131
58
REFERENCE
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
58
DATP.
e. 2 t:
,. Lumt>er..
ol s f or Floor
z- 4 ,6-o
3
4
,-.,z u;-o
4 oo-o
) IllS lOd
I lb 10 d
z.....- 6-o
u .. .o
4 lb) ed
S kl r
Boards.
Nao s or fra mi n
4"
3"
z
4 I
1 b
16 0 "
,.fl.
,, ~o
16
z~o
ll
z.4
14- o '
16o
l:O d
IOd
4
3"
lt
a-o
,-, 6
BILL
2 4"
o.a.. .o
& d
100'
l l'i
..
l$1bsi8
40
10
e
"
10 -
z<4 oo
160"
,.,,.. 4'0 '
Jib& r.ocl
4/bJ 10 of
2 1115 zo
l i b.
10d .
3"
132
133
58
58
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
~ :ij.
"' ",. .
.
...
"
.SeRVING TAB I.
.MESS TABLE
FIGURE 75.-Messhall accessories.
134
,--
..
r'
~fi
n
'
'
~1:
H: :H
J
<(
I ,~
I ~~
tr
m!~~
..oJ In
::J
H: :H
~Hiqh
P21).~
End
U] IIJ
IDJ
nl
t1: 11
II
CJ: :t.J
Lll ILl
I-- .
..
n l lD
Ol ID
:J.
Lll ILl
:- iH=H
J:::ll.lLJ
II
t.
'
!,_..,. o
'
2'- ,Q'
a o
ZO
'
1
_J
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ii
::J
"'
J::ILJl:J
:s
.I
<0
'
II~J
IIIU)
HiqhEnd--: ----..
<r
f-
'.
rrn,.
'
'
4-o "
'
{~
4 0
..
~ -J;!~ri
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'
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'
4-0
,,
..
2 0- 0
I
I
J
'0
'
of)
'
'
'
2-z", 4's
'
''
'
e'~ 6 Boord;
~
;
ENTRANCE
'
'
'
' t
'
't
:
~r.---------------._~--------~---------r'-Pq ~r--
\.
rr:r:
;
'
'
(jj
1-''-,f-
'ru
~ :
..
'
:'<t
-10
7"
1l x 6 Boards.
_7
):._,
-'
..
'
2:0
20 - ->j<---20
- ,2- o
..
::J
0::
<i)
'I'
(J
w
u
"
'<t
r
0
'a,
lJ
:~
'l-"'
1
~
n
.I
,o',-<0
e:/''"' -0'<
'
a:
<(".'<e,/. ".,,
':>
. 0 / /.
:J
0
'
"'
~)S-:~~
.. '<G'q-;,
~~
.r:
\...\
(:;,0_. / /
<i
' . '~"t
.S(
op-' . . 0 "'A
..,
'o;t
~--~- -j
; "
~-.
, ..<'oJ:>
J:
' co
'.~Posts, 2- 2 4"s
L.~ ..J
1
I
Gr ouhd Surfoce"'
=<l)
I
END ELEVATION
E.n trances to be scre ened w1th burlap or brush screens, when nec.,ssary.
SECTIONAL PLAN
NOTE-Omit"Prepared RoofinqifCoverStrips are used
BILL FOR LATRINE SHELTER-WOOD ROOF'
Lenath fTBM
ITEMS
No~ Size
32'w.
611:\s 20 d.
Stbs 10 d.
121bs e d.
3Rolis
LABOR on
4"
3'".,
2Yz
2Piy"Prepored Roof,nq,Noils,Cctps,Cem.
Nails for fro minq.
Noil5 for f r ominq.
Noi I& for Sheathit1q
32
32
Z4
.33
6
4
6
2X4
'KI 8''
>5~6"
I Roll 32"\J.
24
z.w
r o me
Cover , Top only
Lids a nd Two End Boards.
>fie''
(,'-o"
6: o
~ 6"
~4''
1o' o
6'o
15
Roll 32"vv.
)2 lb. 1oa.
40l2
3'
2 ~ . ...
I
1
lb. 8 d.
2
2 '1
2
2
2 11
2'
2~
2~6
4~o"
ITEMS.
Brocket Suppor t
End Boar'd &
Trouqh ancl Splash Boa rds
Brockel
Tcrr Pape r.Heovy,incl Nails, Cementll:~ps
Nails
z;!"'
Nail s
LABOR= 3
Plouu 711.-Latrtne.
LATRINE
SHELTE R
I .Tt::MS
MAN HoURS
0 S.GOVlRNMlNT PRINT ING OH IC l ' IUI-0-282731
' <D
I
"'
-T
;:
'}..
G S Sheefs u nde r
ra nqe ~ whe n
i~
f loor
wood.
Ill
-r
ronqes when
: ) 8.
L.
....."'
,I
:J
0
1-------a'-o"'- ----ilf-
.l __.._...,!:~L-. .L. :f
e'-o':__
{]'I
No Floor
')
"'
.J
10
4 St..l Shoh i9
l
.. ionq.
KITCHE N
STOR E ROOM
L.
U)
~c
..,
'_9 fhill"'
Ventilator
Golv.
Steel
18'diCim.'-, __
_. > '\
1- ,_)
~~
No f loor
No f loor
t
1 I __:.._
~-o':.....jo...
t---~a'-o"----~--- a~o----...{1
--f--r---1--~ l o'-
o"------t:l
r---~-----------------------------------7---------------------------~--------------~-------too-o'~--------------------------------------------------------~--------~~------------------~--~-P -L. AN
KITCHEN AND M ESS HALL.
II
J "
leqs I ~ 1'4
1'
~!!!~
li-0' 45 Leq>.
49 Ji',4
a-o
lib
;;12
7A!
S""etSiui,Go v.(forTo'p).
No i i~.Roofong,8arbed.
Nc ds fo r >ro m in g .
15
I, ,. " .,
Round Le s if used .
te ms.
Detoi l.
STANDING TABLE:
Z4o He n .
c:::::Jcp c::::J
bGVRE 74.~tandard
(i -
0- 28273 .
58-59
REFERENCE DATA
OouND lo<>
II
1~f"OOTIN6.518"~l
1<-----FIGURE
23'-------->{
135
--
I~
59-60
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
3 00
ABLUTION
-- ---I BARO?AC~
:-. I.......,ACKI
WARD
l.ATR.INE:
BA"TH &
I
I
, BARRAC~
F=;-:=t
t=: ~
MESS
WA'S<D
WA'RD
t=
WA1<D
I=
1--------
l.ATIOINEr--o'+-<>~' --j
& ~if
WARD I=
!>ATH
r=t._'I<'EC~EATIOr-1=
~ ~~~~;6~
rl
>
0:
~:::::::1_ \N'Al20
.F
~BATH SoDIS1'1
o~~E~~ ~~
W ARD
FOR. H UT.$
~NU5... cvoS. ~
,.
&
BATH
i====J
1:2.o.,.e....p
<>oo
'Z.SO B.e:D~
3 1
(\j
Ill
J!X~OH
~= ~~~JC:S. &.
--oo- -"o--oo'
-0
=co
w
....
0
z
>
J~,Z'
w- _,0_
UNION I
I
II I
.1.
=3 0 - 0 "
~ ~j
"
____________________________
4_3_-_'o_
~-----~'_
-2
,.,--
5 PPICE5 @61
Drn DD
l')
I-- 9 "~~"Tl<ll'le
~I
1
!!'2
WARD
0I
Q.
O SOl. l eN'1"'S
A OMI N I"'- ~~
!!:==
1----- lo -
;:;
AR
WARD
j:
D
MO~E-
-------
t
-~
S LI DI NG SASH
I .STOR = I
W AR D
<
J
o;;:;~uc"TO~
IJ'!IARRAC~
"',:0
:500
. I
32.'
5TU D OI NG - 11 SPACES @
81 = 88-0 1------------i---------------~
~-----------------------------------------------3a~o----------------------~------------------------w
l"fOSPITAL
S T A 't.IOJI
9 2FT HosPrrALWARD- (A eo v E)
GC N ERAL H OSPITAL
..
. "v'
DENOT ES
~8
.-r2 ph
- lO
12-0
}fi
28
""\
+'
4' -
.~
w.:AS~R
'~ BED
,. ~
H OOM
PAN
l'
RooM -~
~4
IZ-2.
1
1
-scuemu
AN D
D IET S
..
~~ i
~
6 $PACES @
za!...z":
'DRAIN .
~i'suPPI.Y.
\ :_/
"
~""
-'-7
"' 9 _ ~A";,IIIO'H~L
-4
4 ,
10'
4 H'j.G~
'
5P.~A-CES @
_I
I
I
']:_~ ..
PROVIOE 55TOVESFORMAINWAR_~
4-9 ~
-+I.
= r, o-o
..
8-0
' "
13- 3~
..
+~SP@B=-48+--a"- ,J, ~:
S TU DDING SPACI NG
3'- 4 "
184' - o "
fLOORS TH RUOUT BUI L DING .
Roof
OF' DOORS.
II
r~~OR
""'~
I
I
" t "61BBS.
- 2~
---J
Q 3"><3-3" S L I DI NG S A SH,
r-'
4{ie~
~""""~~
~~4:... ~
z" 4
:~ 1'8
t[
3'- 6"
DDD 0 DD DDo D
DDD 0 ,
DDDD
.t
Z'
I
I
136
/.'
e"~GALV
e'- z.~
8~ 6S
s.re: s'=48' ~
33"
\
/
a2 c 6"
V ENTS TO 6E PROVIDED BY EITHER G,AI.V VENTI LATORS OR OPEN Rll)(f WITH LOIJVR[S
(Face p . 136)
lo ~~t~'?JC:/ggj:ftg~b%~%~'Jir/~~~~:Jt~~nf
y ardto three ftines orift"noo ret(uiremenb.
- I
21iii---ft --4-------p.=- ~
Main line
Rumiz
Bodu Tracks
h
11..1
TracAs;Q~
::::0:::::
'
450:!
On~ Train Lenofh
~~
NOTE:
ReceiviNG
~Ro
-~1
:I
(l
~- - -
~'/
!~
I II I.. .
==._j
Roadwa
I I
liYorahousa
.
unntn't, ..........,,.. . . ?
------
1'- ...
I
I
House
I I
1.3 50 '
AREA
~I
;;:>..'
Body Trocks
DEPARTURE
Rooawoy
WAREHOUSE
~C
Track
Roadwa
YARD
NOTE
Receiving and Departure Yards may be
separated from Wore house A reo if
necessary for protection against air bombing.
61
61.
ADVANCED A!RDROMES.--a.
61-62
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
Facilities necessary.-Land
USEFUL DATA.
TABLE
Operation
Piers and sills. . . . ... .. ... . . . . . . .. ... ... .. .. . .. . . . ..... . .. ... ... . .. .. .. .
Erection of side frames . ... ... .. ... . .. . .... . .. . .... . . . . .... . .... . . ......
P lacing rafters and knee braces- --- - --- - --- -- -- --- ----- ------- -- -- - ---
Applying sheathing.. . . ...--- --- -- --- - -- ----- -- ---- ---- - --- ------- --- -
Applying roof boards. _. . .. ---- -- - -- - - - . . .. . ___ ___ _---- - -- -- --- -- --- --Applying composition roofin g paper ________ ______ _______ ____ ___ _______ _
24
36
(1)
(' )
36
36
36
36
24
<i
W. , . 5 MifK
TABLE
I
I
I
I
F acility
Size of t ypical
unit
I N umber
of m en per
t ypical uni t
Basic rat io
- - - - - --- - - -- 1- - -- - -- - - --
- - --
Barrack.c_____.. 20 feet by 100feet. 50 (single bunks) .... 40 sq uare feet per man.
100 (d o u b le t i er 20 square feet per man.
bunks) (in
emergency) .
H ospitaL. ___ ___ 20 feet by 92 feet. 25........... .. . .. ...
90 square feet per IIKln.
(all facilities) . 20feet by 184 feet. 50___ ___ __ ____ ____ ___
Latrine.... .. . .. 20 fee t by 8 feet. 24Q-48Q__ ____ __ ____ __ 1 seat per 20--40 m en.
(12 seats) .
Bathhouse...... 20 feet by 24 feet. 240.- ------------- --. 1 bat hhouse per battalion
area.
Lavatory.... ...
20 feet by 12feet. 100:200------------ - !lavatory per company.
139
l"'GURE
138
62-63
TABLE
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
REFERENCE DATA
63-64
Type of construction
Standard barracks (no fl oor), 20 by 100 feet .......... -------- --------
Type A floor. ____ _______ -- __ _______ . ________ ----- ------ ___---- -- --
Type B floor__ _____ __ __ __ ________ ___________ ___ ___ __________ ____ __ _
g2-foot hospital ward:
Type A floor _____ __--------- -- --- -- ______ ---------- -- ______ _-----
Type B floor _____ ____ ----- - ----- -- -- --- ----- --------------- -------
184-foot hospital ward:
Type A floor _____ -- __ ___ ------- __________ -------. --- ______ ---- .. ___
T ype B floor---- ------------------ - ------- - ---- --- --- -- ------ -
Mess hall, 20 by 100feet (no fl oorl ---------- - ----- -- - --- -- - ---- ---- -- -
L atrine, 12-seat. _.. -- -- - ------ -- ------------- -- ----- ------- - ---- --- - -.
Bathhouse:
Concrete floor ____ ------ ----- . ----- - --- -- -- -- -- ---- ---- ------------
W ood and corrugated iron floors .. ----------- --- - ---- -- -- -- ----- --
Open-sided storage shed (216 feet Jongl------------ --- ---- - -- --- --- ---
00 bunks (2-man) ____ ________ ----- - --- -- - .---- -- . ------ --- ---- ------ - .
Camp, 1,000-man unit, buildings only (all floors t ype Al ----- ---------
Station hospital, buildings only (250-bed) (all floors t ype A) ____ ___ ____ _
General hospital, buildin gs only (all floors type Al ----- --- ------- --- -Camp, triangular infantry division _______ ________ ---- -- ------ __ . ____ ___
Man-hours
270
360
590
335
550
670
1, 090
330
50
225
200
300
200
13,500
10,000
28,750
165,000
SECTION V
WATER SUPPLY
63. GENERAL.-a. Methods ot supply.-In the theater of
operations water is procured locaJiy by using organizations
wherever practicable. However, when local supplies are lim
ited or unsatisfactory, engineer personnel instaJI and operate
the necessary water supply facilities.
b. R espons;bility.-Under the latter conditions: engineers
are responsible for the quality and quantity of water supplied
and for delivery to the point where it is distributed to using
organizations. Medical personnel assist as may be necessary
for laboratory examinations and sanitary inspections. Han
dling of water in organization water containers and sterilizing
bags, and in the canteen of the individual soldier, is the re
sponsibility of organization commanders, acting with the
11dvice and assistance of attached medical personnel.
140
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
141
64
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
64
REFERENCE DATA
Task
Size or party
Remarks
Filling milk cans ____________ 1 squad ___ ____ ________ 2 shifts of~ squad each .
Operating power pump _____ 2 men __ __________ .___ _ 2 shifts of 1 man each.
rraffic police __ ____ __ __ ___ __ As required_ _____ __ __ _ 3 shifts.
Do.
Air guards, _____________ __________ do ..___ __________ __
Task
Manhours
required
Size of
party
(squads)
16
1 or 2
Remarks
~
~
142
143
65
66.
STANDARD PUMPS.
TABLE
65.
66-67
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
"
Capacity
Size of
Horse
(gallons per connections power of
minute)
(inches)
motor
Type
"
i?
lr,\:;/
Speed of
pump
(revolu
tions per
minute)
- - -
5'-6
.I
'l Y.l
55
'100
(' )
2Y.l
14
2, 000
2, 000
'!
' The pump issued with the portable purification unit is interchangeable with the
standard, portable, centrifugal pump; these data are applicable also to the portable
purification unit when it is operated as a simple pump.
'When operated as a simple pump.
Against a total head of 50 feet (including 15-foot suction lift).
Against a total head of 90 feet (including a 20-foot suction lift).
' lf bushing is removed this pump may be used with 2-inch connections.
~6
'
,....--,--+,
f--_,~-0"'-----tl
1---'-1
PLAN
II 67.
SIDE ELEVATION
BILL. OF MATERIAL
NO. PIECES
...
14
4&LBS.
SIZE
I" X
0" X
t" X
It' X
l" X
40 D
....
,....
,,..
,,.......
ITEM
LENGTH
BRACES
FLOORTNG
SCABS
NAILS
144
possibl~
sources of pollution..--------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------1
9. Possib!l!ty of chemical contamination (chemical warfare agents,
poisoning, etc.)------------------------------------------------
10. Accessibility to railroad, highway, or traiL __________________ _
11. Well.
a. Type (dug, driven, drilled, or bored) (for characteristics see
table LIX, FM 5- 35).
b. Iliameter: top __ __________feet; bottom____________feet.
c. Depth of welL ___________feet.
145
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
67
d. Depth of water__________feet.
wa~e~~~~~~-~~!~~-~~t~~!~~~-~t~~~:::::::::=::::::::::=:::=:::::::::
12. Spring.
(
.
a. Protection provided against entrance of surface water copmg,
watertight basin, d itching, etc.)--------------------------------
Type
. ....
Size
(horse
power)
Speed (rev
olut:ons per
m inute)
Intake con
nection
(size and
type)
Discharge
connection
(size and
t ype)
Capacity
(gallons
per day)
------------------------------------\--------------\-------------\---------
c. Engines.
Size (horse
power)
Type
Speed (revo
lutions per
minute)
Type
Capacity
(gallons)
67-68
(Signature)
(Grade and organization)
rqoTE.-Back of sheet may be used for sketches or additional
information.
The following instructions should b e printed on the reverse side
of the form:
INSTRUCTIONS FOR TAKING SAMPLES OF WATER
If sample is to be used for chemical examination only:
1. Use a clean glass bottle, holding from 2 quarts to a gallon,
wit:ti a well-fitting stopper or a clean, unbroken cork.
2. Rinse out the bottle two or three times with the water to be
sampled.
3. In sampling a well, support the bottle in a string or wire
cradle, weighted at the bottom. Lower the bottle until the neck
is 2 or 3 inches below the surface. It is advantageous to attach
the stopper to a separate string, so the bottle can b e opened b elow
the surface of the water. In sampling a stream or pond, hold the
bottle so the neck is well below the surface. Allow the bottle to fill.
4. Insert stopper or cork, stretch a clean cloth over it, and tie
down the cloth below the flange of the neck.
5. Lab el the sample.
If the sample is to be used for bacteriological el!;amlnatlon:
1. Use a sterilized bottle and stopper. Never use corks.
2. Avoid touching the neck of the bottle or the stopper with the
fingers .
3. Before removing the stopper and after filling, the n eck of the
bottle, and the tap or spout from which the sample is taken, should
be heated in a clean flame (alcohol torch) to just over the boiUng
point of water (212 F.).
Precautions: Never let the water entering the sample bottle flow
over the hand. Before taking a sample from the spout of a pump
or from a tap, allow water to waste for a time.
68
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
D epth
(inches)
Gallons
per minute
Degth
(inc es)
Gallons
per m inute
Depth
(inches)
Gall ns
per m inute
4 ~4
375
405
436
468
8 ~
900
939
978
1, 020
1,062
1, 104
1, 147
1,190
1, 234
1, 279
1, 323
1, 369
1, 414
1, 461
1, 508
---
1
I~
36
50
66
84
5~
H4
102
122
143
165
188
212
237
263
5*
6
290
7~
8
2
2~
2~
2*
3
3l4
3~
H<
4
4l4
4~
317
346
5
5~
6~
6~
6~
7
7~
7~
8~
68-69
REFERENCE DATA
8 ~4
9
9~
500
9~
533
567
601
636
672
708
745
783
821
860
9*
10
10 ~
10~
10*
11
11
~
ll j.2
11 ~4
12
H eight of
jet (inches)
- - - - 1 - - - -- - - - - 1 - - -- - 1 - - - - - - - -
~- --- -----!. .. .. .. .. .. .
2.. .... ......
4.... .. .... ..
6.... .. ......
8............
10.. . ........
3. 96
5. GO
7. 99
11. 3
13.9
16. 0
17.9
15. 6
22. 4
32.0
45.3
55.,)
64.0
71.6
35.6
50.4
7l. 9
102
125
144
161
15 .. .. ......
108.. .. .. .. .
144...... ...
22.0
25.4
30.9
3fi.8
43.8
5 .9
68.0
1 2 ' 0" TO
2'6"1
WATER LEVEL
FILLED WITH
MUD
NOTE:
(}
148
198
228
278
323
394
531
612
87.8
102
123
142
175
236
272
149
69
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
REFERENCE DATA
69
Type
Normal
diameters
Normal
maximum
depths
(feet)
Method or con
struction
Remarks
See fi g. 85 for de
vc lopment of exist
ing welL
150
151
70
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
~ -~0~ ~ ~~
~e!1'g
~fbDf!~8d
'"""'"
~"
~ . . -~~.s~s
:aa~ '""-do
"8.8,.8.3
Ia ~ p. ;::: ~
~:g$~~:a:9
caa o. .-ab
"
~
;::;
(O~r.1-o~~ ~
"'
gr~--: ~ ~ l;
B':::.;ila&J~ " .,"
"~~<>o~ .g
~~ =' ~ ~ Cl) :a. c.:a o"g~~t'~ .8 :0
~ ~ -~ ~ '5 ~ ~ ~
~~_ge~~ ~ . t!
"
" 8'" '"f~g ~ ~s.=-sgj <8c8.
gj
~
a
"'" z"'<;""~ ao~~~-go-Zl o8'g
o" ;:J8
0gj""
bll ~
.a~~- oo.
e -o ca z ~~ :S:g_:
"' "' $ .., ~ jl:
0.9
we;. . .
.Q:g~o:5o~
a!~
8.
.!"?
p.
"'
.ld
"'
""0
....
s:l p.(,)'O
..
+=>'-'fi
~~.,~~~a!
"'CQ~r/) 1-o ~
"t-:.s~i!
"'
~
.,
-~~~ -a B z gQ3
_ oj..&~=a c;c 8
-o~O~Q;:;
0 - ] 0""'
~ ~
;=
~s:Se~~8~
CIJ
""'
::::
~ ~ t>,~"' " 8
s~..a .o 8:3f:
p; 03 ro"' CIS g
:a
(&3
l!:'"l>1il+>i{/)
o'Oa ..... o
~ &f:~~
0
+=I\!)
8 ~
:;j
ba~.o!?z 'C3
"-" .."
- . D :l
""~..,
.~.,. .,..,
~ .~
8 ::::: 1l
~ ~
. .. "
a"'~~cag~>
"' 0 p.
,0 p. "
~!l ~
,.
'
c;;
""
0
152
70
REFERENCE DATA
153
8 :;
lr
TABLE
Method
....
t11
"'"
Effect on quality
Agent
cl
Remarks
D isin fection ....... I Dest roy! most bacteria .. .. .. ! Pure chlorine or chlorine
When chlorine is employed a sufficient amount must be
contained in the form of
added to produce a residual chl orine content o f 1.0 part
calcium hypochlorite, so
per million . Allow 30 minutes before water is used for
dium h ypochlorite, or
drinking, and before residual chlorine t est is made.
chl orinated lime (bleach
:a:ypochlori te for L yster bags is issued 'in sealed glass
ing powd er).
tubes. H ypochlorite as supplied commercially usu
ally contains from 60 to 70 percent free chlorine by weight .
Chlorinated lime usually contains from 20 to 30 per
cent free chlorine when fresh.
Tincture of iodine . ........ .
Two and one-haU teaspoonfuls of standard 7 percent tin e
ture of iodine are u sed for one L yster bag (36 gallons);
2 drops are used per quart (canteen) of water. Wait
30 minutes after mixing before drinking.
H eat. ------ -- -- ------- -- -.. At least 10 minutes of steady boiling is required to steri l
ize water.
(")
'd
en
0
"l
""
"~
""
en
~
Softening.. ...... . ! Removes or reduces bard ! Hydrated lime....... : .... .. Reduces carbonate hardness. Converts hardness due to
ness.
magnesium compounds to form which can be removed
by soda ash.
Soda ash .. .......... .... .. .. Reduces noncarbonate hardness, except when due to mag
nesium compound s. (For magnesium compounds see
remark under h ydrated lime.)
Zeolite rninerals .......... ...IAll types of hardness may be removed by percolation of
water through zeolite fil ters.
Heat.... .... ...... .. ...... .. Prolonged boiling will reduce hardness due t o bicar
bonates .
....
t11
t11
""
""
""
"l
~
(")
l"l
Distlllat!on . .. .. .. l Converts salt water Into IHeat -- ---- ----- - - - -1 Removes impur ities having boiling points greater than
fresh water.
water. Often employed to purify excessively contam
inated water. Requires elaborate p lant and large
quantities of fuel. Other methods of evaporation and
recondensation will ac hieve sim ilar resu lts .
t::l
>
1 For water containing bi ca rbonates, or up to 400 parts pe r million of chlorides and sul phates, ion exchange materials such as zeokarb
or deacidlte (or equivalent) can be used alone or in combination for deminemlization .
-J
71
71
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
0
0. 590
d 213 s t / 2
( 1)
l "
Formulas (2) and (3) are convenient forms for solving for
pipe discharge and for h ead loss due to pipe friction.
d B/ 3 8 112
Q = 0.46- n
lv 2
H l = 2.87 n 2d 413
HYORAI.kiC GR&OIOIT
- HUO L.OSS PR UNIT LLJIIIITM
I"
(2)
(3)
where
v= m ean velocity of water in feet per second.
d = diameter of pipe in feet.
r = mean hydraulic radius=~
Z= len gth of pipe in feet.
..
..
-,.!".
..,J
""....
"'
t:o
~
~
"
''
156
282736 --41--11
157
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
72
73-74
REFERENCE DATA
SECTION VI
R emarks
Unit consumer
Conrtitions of use
per unit
-----------------!- ---------------l:- pe_r_<_
la_y
M an (per capita con In combat:
Minimum ___ _____ Y.l to J.' For periods not exceed
sumption).
ing 3 days.
NormaJ. ____ __ ___ _
!----------------
In bivouac:
M inimum _______ _
T emporary camp:
M inimUIIL. . ------- --
NormaL ---------
F ield hospital.. ______ _
Semipermanent camp.
Permanent camp____ __
Permanent h ospitaL..
Minimum___ ___ __
washing only.
Includes also bathing.
Includes also water for
baths, toilets, etc.
50
ELECTRICITY
200
3 to 5
TABLE
Approximate
number of
outlets to be
furnished
Unit
NormaL ---- ---------
Camps and canton
mont.
10
Depends on size of
vehicle.
Do.
Locomotives (consump
tion per locomotive).
Standard military_____
33, 000
CommerciaL-- -------
50, 000
158
required
30 to 50
Motors (consumption
per vehicle) .
P ower in
kilowAtts
300
40
20
40
i5
Corps headquarters. __ ----- ------ ------- --------
Army headquarters .. --- ----- - ----- - -------- -- -- -----
150
OHQ _. ______ .. _---- -- -------- --. -- -- _----- .----- ______
600
Communications zone _______ ______ _________ -----------
600
lO.OOObed hospital '--- ------------ - ------- ---------- -- -------- -- ----
250-bed hospital ' --- ______________ __ . -------- _________ . _______ ----- --
4. 5
9.0
36.0
36.0
135.0
4.5
Power is for sterilizing apparatus, dentist's tools, Xrays, etc., as w~l! as for ligbt.
Depends on number or
using personnel and
frequency or use.
Do.
Do.
Do.
159
REFERENCE DATA
75
75.
76
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
current
<d. c.> circuits.-In a d. c. circuit, power in watts <W> is
equal to electromotive force (e. m. f.> in volts <E> multiplied
by current in amperes (1) : W = El.
b. Power in alternating current <a. c.) circuits.-In a. c.
USEFUL
INFORMATION.-a.
Power in
direct
76.
ELECTRICAL RECONNAISSANCE
Reconnaissa n ce p a rty :
Area___________ ____
M a p _____ _--- - - -- - -
P rim e movers
Generators
Type..... .. . -- -------- .. -
(Steam, Internal com
bu st ion, w ate r
wheel.)
D ate_------- -- ____ _
P hotogr a phs_______ _
'l'ransmissiou lines
'l'ype__ ______ __ -- -- - -- -- --
(2-wire; 3-wire Edison;
1, 2, 3 phase alter
nating current.)
Current ... __ Voltage. __ _
\ AiternaUng current or
direct current.)
Conductors ..... ..... .. __
(Size and material.)
Location .. . --- --------- --
(On pole-s or below
ground.)
amount.)
General condition...... ...
Sw itchboard
Electricalsuppli~s
160
161
77
77.
WIRING.
TABLE
Safe current-carry
ing ca pacity in
ampe res for lengths
of 100 feet or less
()()() __ ____ _
oo__ __ __ __
o____ ____ _
]__ _____ __
2_____ ____
3. ..... ...
4___ __ ____
5_________
6.. . .....
*7_____ ___
8 ____ _____
g ____ __ __
10____ ____
u.......
12. .... ...
*13__ ___ __
J4 _____ __ _
Item
Qua n- 1
tor
Area in
Dia meter circu
lar
iu mils
mils
Pounds
per 1,000
fee t
F eet per
pound
B are or
Ohms per Rubber
weather
1,000 feet insulation proof
wire
400. 00
409. 64
364.80
324. 95
289. 30
257. 63
229.42
204. 31
181. 94
162.02
144. 28
128.49
114. 43
101.89
90. 74
80. 81
71.96
64.08
2ll,600
167, 805
133,079
105,592
83,694
66,373
52, 634
41, 742
33, 102
26, 2fJO
20, 8!6
16, fJ09
13, 594
10, 381
8, 234
6,530
5, 178
4, 107
639.33
fJ07. 01
402.09
319.04
252.88
200.54
159.03
126.12
100.01
79. 32
62.90
49.88
39.56
31.37
24.88
19.73
15.65
12.41
1. 56
1. 97
2. 49
3.14
3. 95
4. 99
6. 29
7. 93
10.00
12. 61
15.00
20.05
25. 28
31. 38
40.20
fJO. 69
63. 91
80.58
0. 04906
. 06186
.07 31
.09831
. 12404
. 15640
.19723
. 24869
. 31361
. 39546
. 49871
. 6288 1
. 79281
1.0
1.2007
1. 5898
2. 0047
2. 5908
225
175
1fJO
125
100
90
80
70
55
fJ()
38
35
28
25
20
20
14
15
- --
325
275
2'25
200
j [j()
125
100
90
80
70
54
LILY
Unit
W eight
in
pound s
Size
D escription
- - - - - :- - -- -1- - - - -1 - -- 1- -- - - - - - -
1 --
2____ _
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ()()()() ______
TABLE
Cross section
B r own
& Sharpe
(B.&S.)
gage
77
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
~10
3. ....
4
6... ..
50
10
Each - - % by 3 inches.
Each .... 25 watts____ ___
Each ___ _ J).2incbes . ....
6___ __
7____ _
8. . ...
9. .
fJ()
38
30
27
25
22
20
162
163
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
REFERENCE DATA
164
165
Tl
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
,'17
REFERENCE DATA
'I
..........
.....
166
167
-77
71-78
CORPS OF
78
REFERENCE DATA
ENGINEER~
where
T= maximum allowable cable pull in pounds.
b= width of contact face of deadman, in inches.
h = depth of deadman in direction of .pull, in inches.
d=diameter of round timber, in.inches.
L = length of deadman, in inches.
~RE
SECTION VII
RIGGING
M ean
de~t h of
anc orage
(feet)
3
4
5
6
7
600
1,050
I, 700
2, 400
3, 200
1/1
1/2
1/3
1/4
950
1, 750
2, 800
3, 00
5, 100
1, 300
2, 200
:1, 600
5, 100
7, 000
1, 450
2, 600
4,000
5, 800
8, 000
1, 500
2, 700
4, 100
6, 000
8, 400
169
rl9-81
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
REFERENCE DATA
/:
Clove hitch
170
171
81
81
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
81
T lmiHir hitch
HawHr Ben~
Bowline
Running Bowline
RollinJ Hit ch
Shtopol>ank
Bowline on a Bi&)lt .
172
173
C~t'oPaw .
Blackwall Hikll
81
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
Short Splice.
Short Splice.
Short Splice.
c
Long Splice.
Moorlnc Knot
Wall Knot
Long Splice.
Wall Knot
c;.,._onWall
Eye Splice.
FIGURE 102.-Spllces.
174
175
TABLE
K ame
TABLE
LXVI.--Characteristics of knots
Use
vent unlaying or to
prevent end from
slipping
through
block.
2. Figure of eight. .. Same as above ......... ... do . . . . ......... ....... . . .
81
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
81
Figure
refer
enoe
gg
98
98
98
98
98
98
98
H . Bowline on
bight.
line.
Use
Name
To fasten a rope at
right angles to a spar
or at beginning of
lashing.
Figure
refer
enoo
98
w
!)\]
'Can be easily loosened when strain is taken off, but will not slip under load.
When used for hauling spars, a half bitch is added near end of spar.
Length of bight depends on purpose for wbicb knot is required.
176
177
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
81
Name
Use
Figure
refer
ence
100
lUO
100
101
101
101
101
178
179
81
REFERENCE DATA
81
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
..~
FIGURE 106.-Anchorages.
181
180
81
81
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
81-82
REFERENCE DATA
2P -~
P;_
=,; ....__
:/ =
~~-~===:~p=====~
~ .............
==
Dia meter
H emp
Steel
Steel
Manilao~
h e mp
-p
%
)-2
%
o/.1
%
1
16 p
1!4
1)-2
1!4
1)-2
2
2%
2o/.(
3li
Hi
1 ~4
5~
2
2)-2
6)4
7)',8
9)-2
13
39
60
88
120
158
7
13
17
24
28
250
46
365
525
632
988
1, 421
64
84
115
117
25.5
182
W orking s t ren g th
(pounds )
C ir cumference
183
4, 000
7,000
11,100
15,300
20,700
28, 000
42,000
58, 700
76,000
96, 000
110, 000
llG, 000
400
850
1, 520
1,900
2, 300
3,100
4, 300
5,900
7,900
10,300
16,500
22, .sao
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
82
TABLE
Rafe
Minimum
D es irable
shoov e a nd sheave sheave a nd
drum
and d rum
dru m
diameter 1 diameter diameter
72
45
27
31
6 by 7 ' -------------
6 by 19 .. . ... ............
6 by 37 ------------ - - 8 by 19. ... ......... ..... .. . ..
42
30
18
21
28
20
Load
to be
lifted
(tons)
X rope diameter.
Do.
14
vo.
16
Do.
- - -
-----------
- - - - -- - - --- - - -- ----
10
- - - -
3
2
4
5
6
(2 sin gle (l si~gle, (2double (1 double (2 triple
blocks) d ouble) blocks) 1 triple blocks)
1~
~ABLE
(factor of safety 3)
Type of rope
82
REFERENCE DATA
6
8
)Oo
500
%
~
1, 200
1,800
1rs
2,400
1 ~.
3,600
1%
4, 800
440
~
900
j,B
600
1,100
%
220
%
760
Pull .. . .. ................ .
2,200
1, 500
Rope (inches) ____________ _
~ ~.
trs
2,300
Pull . . .. . . . ............... 3, 300
Rope (incbesl. ........... .
1~
ll4
Pull. ______________________ 4, 400
3,000
Rope (inches) ___ _______ __ _
I~
--------P ulJ. ______ ________________
------- -- 4, 500
Rope (inches) _____ ________
%
250
300
380
750
660
%
1,000
880
j,B
1, 300
1, 500
1
1
2,000
1,800
1)4
1rs
3,000
2,600
1~
4,000
~ ~.
3, 500
%
"0
~
~"l-8
1
1rs
1)4
ale work-i ng
strength (pounds)
1, 800- 3, 000
2, 500- 3, 800
3, 300- 5, 000
5, ooo- 7, 600
8, Q00-11, 000
10, Q00-1.1, 000
12, ()()0-20, 000
16, ()()0-26, 000
19, Q00-32, 000
Ap ~roximate
weig t (pounds
per 100 feet)
175
230
300
470
650
880
1, 130
1,420
1,650
184
185
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
83-84
REFERENCE DATA
SECTION VIII
TABLE
CONCRETE
83. MATERIALS.--a. Shipment and sto':'"age of cement.-Ce
ment is usually shipped in bags of 94 pounds each (considered
1 cubic foot) or barrels equivalent to four bags each. It should
be stored in a weatherproof building and at least 8 inches
from walls and ground or floor to insure ventilation.
b. Fine aggregate.-That part of the aggregate passing a
% -inch screen is called fine aggregate. Clay and silt should
not constitute more than 3 percent of the sand by weight, or
together with coal particles, shale, shell, etc., not more than
5 percent by weight. <See table LXXII for a suitable
gradation.)
TABLE
Percent b y
weight
Passing-
% inch (standard square mesh) __ - --- ---- ------ -- - --------- ---- No. 4 ---- - --------------- ------------ -- -- ------ --- -- --------- -
No. lG--- --- --- -- ---- - ------ - -- --- --- -- ---- -------- ----- -
100
95-100
35-75
10- 25
2- 7
186
sack or
cement)
8
7
6
5
84
(')
(1)
1, 750
2, 300
2, 750
3, 300
3,000
3,800
4, 000
4, 900
part o! mi'ing
wnte.r.
Data published at ti me water cemen t ratio strength law was announced in 1918.
These values should be used in t he absence or preli minary tests and c~reful control.
VAlues ro.presentat he of present day cements.
TABLE
Aggrega te
Very wet sand __ __ ____ _____________________
M oderately wet sand ______ ________________
Moist sand __ ___ ______________________ _____
Moist gravel or crushed rock__ _____________
TABLE
to
1.
A b o ut ~ -
Slump (inches)
Type of st ructure
Mi nim um M aximum
Mass ive sec ti uus, pave ments and fl oors laid on ground ___ _
H eavy slabs, beams or walls ___ _________ ______________ ____ _
Thin walls and colu mns, ordi nary slabs or beams __ ______ _
4
6
8
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
TABLE
T ABLE
Slump (inches)
I inch
LXXVIIA.-Quantities of materials
Cement
(sacks)
~to L- ---------- - ---- -- - ------ - --------
3 to 4. . -- ----- - --------- -------------------
3 to 4. - -- - ------- ---- - -- - ------ -- ---- -- -- -.... 1 :2:3 ____ ___ __. __ 1:2 :3 )-l!.
5 to 7... ------------- -- ------- .. ... ---- --- -- - I: 1;J4 : 2 ~-- - ___ __ 1:1"" :3.
Sand
(cubic
feet)
Stone
(cubic
feet)
P rod uct
of a
!-bag
batch
(cubic
feet)
- - - - - - -- - - -- 1 - - - -- - -- - --
1:1 ~ : 2
85
9. 6
7. 6
7. I
6. 5
6.0
6.8
6. 3
6. 5
6.0
5. 6
5.0
4. 7
4. 2
5. 2
4.6
4.3
3. 9
15. 5
12.8
12.0
11.4
14. 2
13. 0
12. 0
15. 0
13. 9
16. 1
15. 0
14.0
12.5
14.1
12.6
16. 2
14. 5
16.0
14.7
23.3
25. 6
19. 1
22.8
21. 3
22. 7
24.0
20.4
22.2
19. 4
21. 0
22.4
25.0
23.5
25.2
20.8
23. 2
21.4
23.5
2. 82
3. 55
3. 82
4. 16
4.47
3. 97
4.26
4. 18
4.49
4. 83
5. 43
5. 76
6. 38
5. 21
5. 82
6. 32
6. 89
I. 77
2. 13
1:3:4"" .
TABLE
1 ~ ------ - --- - ------ -- ------- - ---- -- ---------112 .- - -- ---- -- --- - ---- -- - - ---------------- -- -
2~ -- -- - ----- - ------ - ------- - --- - ---- - - - -- ---2~--- --------- - --------- - ------ - - - -- --------
188
282736 --41--13
189
12
15
15
15
18
18
18
18
18
Breadth
12
15
15
15
18
18
18
18
18
Heigh t
12
9%
11~
13~
10%
12
13%
14%
16
86
CORPS OF ENGlNEERS
190
REFERENCE DATA
87
191
87
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
CHAPTER 3
DEFENSIVE MEASURES
Paragraph
I. Field fortifications__ ____ _________ _______ ______ 88-110
II. Camouflage ---- ----- ---- ---- ---- ------------- 111- 128
m
. Explosives and demolitions__ ___ _______ _______ _ 129-138
IV. Barriers a.nd antimechanized aefense__________ 139-146
SEcriON
SECTION
FIELD FORTIFICATIONS
88. DEFENSIVE AREAS.--a. Squad and platoon.
TABLE
FrontInterval F ront
Total
Total Interval
between
age
age
betwee!l
front
front
defense actu ally defended
defense actually defended
occupied
areas
occupied
areas
- - - - - --
--- - --
- --
25
30
55
100
50
150
i;o
75
100
125
200
150
200
100
200
250
400
100
FIGURE
117.-Column .f orm.
192
193
89
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
FORTIFICATION.~.
Small arms.
TABLE
Ma.ximum
penetration
(inches)
Material
Armor p lato ___ ____ ___ ------ ____ __ ____ --- -- ____ __ _____ .
Concrete (plain) ________ _______ _______ ___ ___ ___ ____ - --
Brick masonry (well cured) __ -- - ----- - ---- --- ---- --- -
GraveL ___ ___-- ___ ________ ___ _______ ____ _---- --- ____ __
Dry sand---- -- --- --- -- --------- -- -- --- --- - - -- ---- - ---
Moist sand ____ --- -- -- -- ---- ___ --- -- ----- - _---- ______ _
Solid oak______ ____ ____ __ __ ____ __ __ __ _______ ___ __ ___ ___
Earth loam------- --- - ---- - ----- - - ----- --- --- - -- - - -- - -
Greasy clay----- ---------- --------- ------- ----- -- --- -- _
TABLE
Area of barrage
Caliber
Type
Burst
ofl
shell
Normal
Area of
conccntration
Emergency
TABLE
174
i 53
}9
194
300-400
6Q0-700
911 ----------
In
In open trenche9
200-400
200-400
14.5
20.0
30.0
60.0
0.5
3. 0
7.0
10. 0
14. 0
18. 0
24. 0
36.0
72. 0
Type
M inimum safe
distance from
Infantry
200-500
3Q0-400
0. 3
2. 0
5. 0
8. 0
12.0
Projectile
weight
(pounds)
Muzzle ve
locity (feet
per second)
600 yards,
normal im
pact
- -- - -- - ---- - - - - - - - -75-mm __ Gun ____ ____ _. 5 X 30 100 X 200 100 X 300 1Q0-300
105-mm _ Howitzer ____ __ 9 X 40 100 X 300
100 X 400 20Q-400
{Gun_____ _____
Least thick
ness to be
provided for
protection
(inches)
0. 72
3,000
1. 85
3. 50
2, 600
2, 000
195
1,000 ya rds
20 impact
1. 95
2. 20
1.3
1. 5
1.90
1.2
TABLE
D'
V elocity
(feet per
second)
V clority
(fee t per
second)
730
800
770
790
806
Horizontal
4
5
7
9
14
45
45
45
45
45
7
9
14
0. 33
.72
1. 21
1. 76
2. 36
2. 97
3. 58
4. 17
657
720
788
854
920
985
1,050
1,113
4. 77
5. 34
5. 89
6. 41
6. 92
7. 40
7. 87
8. 31
1, 180
1, 250
I, 320
1, 375
1, 445
1, 510
1, 575
1, 640
-130
197
262
328
394
461)
57.5
592
An gle of
im pact
(degrees)
Velocity
(feet per
second)
Striking
veloc it y
(feet per
secon d )
Cal iber
where
P = penetration of projectile in feet.
W= weight of pro;iectile in pounds.
D= diameter of projectile in inches.
A=a constant depending on striking velocity according
to table LXXXIII.
TABLE
89
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
89
8. 76
9. 15
9. 54
9. 92
10. 29
10. 64
10.98
11.20
Angle of impac t
B eba..-ior of projectile
Less th a n 7- ------ - --
Ricochets.
T:icochet3 alter traveling short distance or remains fn
ground at slight depth.
T endency for nose of projectile to turn t owsrd s urface.
Slight penetration.
Maximum penetration.
70 to
25 to 40 ------ - ---- --
Greater than 40 ------
TABLE
1.63.for brickwork.
196
M ed.ium penetration
Cali ber
Dia m eter
(feet)
75-mm _____ ---- - --- ------ -- -- ___ _
105-mm ____ __ ___________________ _
155-mm __ __ _____ _________ ___ _,__ __
6. 5
10
11.5
14
197
Depth
(feet)
1. 5
2. 5
4
4
Diameter
(feet)
Depth
(feet)
3
7. 5
12
13. 5
15.5
3. 75
5
6
5. 5
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
89
c. Aircraft bombs.
TABLE LXXXVII.-Crater
sandy loam
8----~-----~----.----.----,----,
E art h dis
p laced
(cubic
yards)
Depth of D iameter
crater (feet) at surface
(feet)
891
300.------ -------------------------------
600. ---- ---------------------------------
600.------------------------------------ -
10
13
17
1,100.. ----- ---------- -------------------- 2,000.... ------ --- - --------------- ----- ----
7~----+-----+-----4------r-----r~~~
13
17
20
10
17
28
22
47
20
30
70
27
37
liO
45
320
600
50
Maximum Sectional
p ressu re'
diameter (pou nds per
(inches) squarcincb)
14 (9)
24
(4)
(4)
12
15
10
6
5
4!1.i
4
(2)
(2)
(I )
3. 1
2. 8
1. 6
1. 0
4. 4
9. 7
200
400
600
198
199
TABLE
91
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
:89-90
{Based on aircraft speed of 200m. p . h . with bombs weighing over 100 pounds]
H eight of release
(feet)
I , 000
3, 000
5, 000
7, 600
10, 000
12.500
15,000
Angle of
im pact with
vertical
(degrees)
Striking
velocity
(feet p er
second)
46
~90
33
26
22
19
17.5
16
520
610
710
800
880
950
90. TRENCH REQUIREMENTS.-A deliberate trench musta. If a fire trench, provide a good field of fire to permit
maximum use of defender's weapons and permit of flank or
cross fire as well as fire to the front.
b . Provide protection against enfilade fire and localize
effects of a bursting shell by frequent abrupt changes in
direction.
c. Be neither so wide as to receive undue numbers of pro
jectile hits nor so narrow as to limit circulation. A com
munication trench must be wide enough throughout to permit
two columns of men in single file to pass readily, or have
widened places at frequent intervals.
d. Be sited to take advantage of natural drainage.
e. Be simple and easy to Jay out.
CD Squatting type.
PARAPET
-3' TO 3'6"
PROFILE
@ Standing type.
201
200
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
202
203
91
91
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
/
I
91
rr.ssytr. Exc.
:p">?EA
lbrustwlfhoutAlhames
Abo shds dMlopm~nr fo !JI~JJ
_J
'----'
FIGURE 126.--Standard profile, communication t rench, type A.
28.53?-I'I.Exc.
l))PE..J)
.RJr:Use -v)ithAI'rdm~$
204
205
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
91
--~f~j--~~~-1-~~~~-~~:--~
Ol
..:
..s"'
.
i
"'
.<l
...I
~
~,
c~
i
',
...
'
"~~
' '----------.../
...0
IG
PACtS
.!i
<~oo
8...
..:
.,;
Q
"'
+'
al
:aQ
....0
..
!
"'.
u
-"'
"
"Q"'
... "'
i.. : :!:l~
J! :
!2
sa
g :
+'
'3
"
113
...
:a...
0
.....
1'1
"'
"'...
eo' ~
(J
+'
~:
1:
'!;
t.::
,.,...----
GtNt'~~l HACt
.......
un't-, .............
____ ,.,
"'"'"'...
Ol
s:1
+'
:0
~~ .....
"'.0
c!li .... ~
..
ZIGZAG
J! ~
OCTAGONAL
"'>
.... ..,
...
"
al~
z
O ~
G>s:l.
~::a
.,
WAVY
THt' AH<3lt THt DI.,GOHAL HAKK
"'.....
fol
o.J'
-:.<l
:a8
.<l"'
+'~
:!:l~
~
...
~~
pd
1$
"'
~gj
z~
206
tCHtLOM
NOTE.-For squ ads with over 8 men all 16-pace dimension s may
be increased 2 p a ces per additional man. Ma k e a general change
In direction every 75 to 125 p:tces.
FIGURE 132.- Standard trench traces.
207
92-93
>
::E
"
Q w
>- z
u w
93
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
TABLE
CO<'flieient
1. 09
1. 07
I
1. 08
1. 11
TABLE
XCI.-Man-hou r estim ates t or day wor k,' singl e r el.i ef, using
pioneer t oo ls"
soil
1 hour
2 hours 3 hours 4 ho urs 5 hours 6 hours 7 hours 8 hou rs
- - - - -- - - - - - --- - - - - - -
H ard
3______ -
A verage ----
Light '-------
15
23
30
24
37
50
32
40
49
60
66
80
93.
TRENCH RECONNAISSANCE
208
54
81
108
' Contem plates rest or 10 minu tes every hour after first hour.
47
71
94
209
61
91
121
07
100
133
lC -3 I
!l I "' II
I
.g
c
...."
"'
j:Q
"'
E-<
""""'
:s! ~
~g
lQ ~
'lif<'lif< 8
I
"'
.
I
'E
"'
"
I .., ,_.,
"'~O"Jcci
"'
"' ~
.d
"
!l"
:3"
"'"
;:;
"8
80
"
<
t- OO
t.t:i~co:i
Ot-0
;l:!Q;
"'~
E-<
~C'ic-i
~'";
.~
'E0
"'
E-<
.d
E-
"
!l"
"
~
"
~
c"
0
"'~
,... . .
"'
"'
OOt
.....:~c-&
- II
"'c-10"'
Q&
1..:
or.)~
;!:!;;
ar.iM.
"' "'
...:
I
-I
"'~
~~
;l:!Ol
"'~
~* 0
"
~
z
FIGURE
g~ce
135.~1tlng
~ ~lQ
,_
"'ooor.>M
~
0
T RENCH DRAINAGE .
'~if< .,
lQ ~
I f"'
I"
94.
-I
...
.~
"'"
'li!<'li!<'lif<
lQ~
"'c
0
Man-bours
required
r-:~et=i
E-<
Method
g.,.,
I " I "'.:: I
- I ..."'"'"'''""'
" e
~
s
"e
e0
".e.
c
T ABLE
:il<O.,;
""~
~>0 0
93-94
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
93
'
:
:
. FIGURE 136.-Surface water carried over t rench.
'E "~:a'
bll
'
lil<~
211
3. 5
1. 5
1-----
3'
o"
. ., ---r- -
FIGURE
95.
95
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
94-95
.. I :
\-:-+----~
2.tf
.. -
TRENCH REVETMENT.
...
-,
___ - - - - - - - - -
t-~----~':....:P-t
7"
END ELEVATION
SIDE ELEVATION
FIGURE
4--Z'O"---,.-+-J
139.--Standard A-frame.
4'6"
---r.
4' .
.... 4"
;.,
138.--Sandbag revetment.
21.1
t:"'"';t-...L.......f'+----+- +-l
~---J.!..-:.1=:__(:!
~~--~-------------4~Ut
-- r
J~. ,
~----...L::~:~"!'-- j_
----o-1
I
Y,:xl~'x&'O"
+sTRAP IRON
IF
AVAILABLE
END ELEVATION
SIDE ELEVATION
FIGURE
213
95
95
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
2 " DIA.
BRUSHWOOD
TIME
TO
CONSTRUCT
BUTTS
UNIT
SHOWN
214
215
AL TERNATINCI
JYa
IIIAN
HOURI
95
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
REFERENCE DATA
FASCINE COMPRESSOR
TIME TO CONSTRUCT
ONE FASCINE
FOUR MAN- HOURS
FIGURE
95
~"""""''
TillE TO CONSTRUCT,
THREE IIAN HOURS
FIGURE
FIGuRE
216
217
95
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
REFERENCE DATA
218
219
96
96
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
96
221
96
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
96-97
Fr=========::;t:/)o>
.,itliliU
to N
t~Rd Wih111
.
1
.P"- "al I
0111 Uducontlnu'fl.
1 - - - - - - - u'o-- - -- -L
--------.J
I
a~>----L
\oo----.
____________ J
Infantry
sets
Cavalry
sets
222
223
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
REFERENCE DATA
97-98
TABLE
XCIV.-lntrenching sets
ets
Items '
I nfan try' Cavalry'
- - - -- -- - - - -- -1--
Crowbars ......... . ... . .... ... ...........
Size
with
handle
(inches)
Unit
weight
each
(pounds)
- - - - -- - -65
130
13
60
36
39
36
13
13
26
36
20
125
250
26
12. 0
8. 0
4. 6
5. 5
1. 8
4. 5
5. 3
t Sandbags (500) , tracin g t ape, files, nails, and other miscellaneous items are not
listed. (Seo E ng. Sup. Cat. for com plete lists.)
'Total weigh t 3,048 p ou nds (includin g saw and t ool grinder b oxes).
T otal weight 1,800 p ounds (includ ing saw and tool gri nd~r boxes) .
225
98
Pickets
-.J
I-)
12
600
1, 155
154
11
--------
90
7,875
----------
75
--------
700
3~~
29
'4~
10
8
6. 25
3,885
3,885
3,045
520
520
400
37
37
640
440
440
12
I made
Staples
of
4,830
Plain wire
(pounds)
,
640
'46
Barbed wire
'320
0"
"'
~
"'g
2.
s""
E..
"'g
"':;
g:
"c
'C
"'c
.~ '<..,
<il
..... a;
c ""
[~..,
"c-Ol"'
"'"'
..,c- "'
"'
~..,
""""
"'
~ ~
"'~~
-"
.,=
>-
~;rr
I
I
I
I
fr : :
: : :
"""
, ...
(.n;~
;:s:
"'
.,:a.~o:tO
(,n
"'
'l'
...
b
ooo
ooc.,o:.
co~
....
00
1 0
<O<:.nCI:IO
r~
1 1
t<
~? : :
P.
tj
rn
::;!
I
I
I
I
...
"'
.i.J..R.
w~~
"'"'
0:.0~
t-.:)(.n;fJ
~
~
"'"'
'
"' "'
"':-"' "'~
~ ~
0,. Q.
~ ~
(':1
!!.~
0
(':)
"""'"~
"'"'"' "'"'
"'"'"'
"' "'
coaoo
....
1-'t:-:)ill-
"'""0<0
: : :
: : :
I
I
l :l
:: ?rg8[
~[ f ~~~~
g.E.
~
0
~i~~~>~~~~b.
p 0 0 c ~- g ~ c ~ 0 c c
t;j>q
-o.,
""
O<t>C"
., .
0 0 -
~ -~
so.,.,
g@ a> z
s~~.s
~~-<~
""g:
~
c
;:;:
,;o
Cll
l>!
l>!
:>l
Cl
!ill
l>!
rn
g
.,
("}
~
"'5
1;
\l....
IS
~
..
"'
~
s.~
"'
.?..
"'a
lt
"'l>!
co
co
>
t-l
>
t:l
l>!
('}
l'l
"'!ill
;:J
co
co
' Erection of entanglem ent only, does not include making bobbins
1 Specially s killed crews of picked m en, undisturbed, have erected
or carrying party. M an-hours lor carrying party vary depcndin~
entanglements in less than ~- of times stated in this column.
ou distance and rate of carry ing.
For front anchorage, if used.
E rection of rene<> only; does n ot include making of cylinders or
P lus 3 if front anchorages are used.
carrying party.
Plus 315 if front anchorages are used.
~
~
Concertina (2 cylinders) side by
CD
302 -------side)... .......... ...... . .....
Weight of
material
Man
hours!or (pounds)
(pickets
50 yards and wire)
%-inch
Type of entanglement
of entan per linear
round
420
Me
30-ynrd
\
On
reels
I
No.
10
I
No.
16
glement!
rods
L ong dium Anch orl yard
yard or en
bobbins (pounds)
reels
tanglement
------------ l---~---1---'--- ' ----1--- 1 ---1---l----l ----1 ----
TABLE
99
99.
99
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
TABLE
. "'
....
l __
Wiring party
C arrying party
Nos. J
First task
Second task
1 noncommissioned
officer.
18 men.
Third task
Paces fron t panel and indicates
10 ' o"
7
8
1
2
4 PACES
-
3
4
-
5
1, 2,3
ETC
GIVES
ORDER
OF
STRINGING
WIRE
---
9
10
11
12
-13
14
--
15
16
String t op :boriwnta!
wire front p anel
l7
--
229
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
99
TABLB
~I
!
1
99
REFERENCE DATA
Material
Wiring party
Carrying party
1 noncommissioned offi
ccr.
10 men.
1 noncommissioned
officer.
12men.
I[
row.
~~
<
OF
STRINGING
2 PACES
4. PI>.CES 4. PACES
I..Lf.- :q:
II
.1~2
L
. s' o'\. -...,.- eo ~
PACESI
~ ~OCCUPIED 'tRENCH
~ ~UNOCCUPIED
A.~ AUTOMATIC
WEAPON
ELEVATION OF FENCE
FIGURE 155.--SlJ.fder web entanglement, showing use
ot 4-strand
fences aa <!lbstacles around combat group without disclosing
occupied! :p0rtfon o! trenches. Can be developed Into single or
double-apron :renee.
Wiring party
230
231
Carrying party
1 nonm rnmlssloned
officer.
15 men.
99
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
Third task
Fourth t ask
I Fifth t ask
Noncommissioned officer carries out 1 bundle long p ickets. P aces off and indicates
to Nos. 1, 2, and 3 location of p ickets. Super v ise$ work .
Run ou t front Run out botdi agon al wi re. t um h ori zon
tal w ire of
fen ce.
- Each car
2
r!es out 1
b undle
long pickets-
-
5
-~
-
7
Each carries ou t 1
bundle
anchor
pickets.
R un out t ri p
L ey out an d
wi re, frout
screw i n
apron.
front anchor
pieket s. N o.
4 p!ac s p ick- Win dlass t ri p
w ire to diag
ets a t b ead
onal w ire.
of work.
Hun ou t t op
h ori zontal
w ire, rear
apron.
F as ten second
hori zonta l
wire of fence
on p ickets.
Wi nd lass t op
h orizontal
wire t o diag
R un ou t src
ond b orizon
tal w ire, rea r
a pron.
Carry ou t 26 b obbins of
barbed wire.
ETC. GIVES
OF
STRINGING
OD Al wi r P.
H un ou t t op
hori zontal
wire, fron t
apron .
R un out top
hori zonta l
w ire of fence.
R un out t rip
Wind lass t op
llori zont al
w ire to d iag
ona1 w ire.
F asten t op
h or izontal
wi re of fence
on pickets.
W i nd lass rear
trip w ire t o
dj agonal wi re.
FIGURE
T ABLE
wire, rear
apron .
232
1,2,3
Material
Wi rin g party
Carrying party
p ickets.
4 bund les (total of 22) an chor
p ickets.
26 30-yd, bob bi ns bar bed wire.
(carries pliers) .
8 meu (carr y rack s ticks).
n onoommlssioned
offi cer.
15 m en.
233
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
99
99
REFERENCE DATA
First task
Second task
T hird t ask
I Fourth t ask
Fifth task
Noncomm issioned officer carries and lays out 1 bundle long pickets. Paces off and
Indicates to Nos. 1 and 2 t he location of pickets. Su perv ises work.
1
--2
3
--
Each car
ries out
1 bundle
long
pickets
Lay out
and screw
in pickets
of center
line.
Each
carries
out 1
bundle
anchor
pickets.
Lay out
Run out and
fasten front
and screw
trip wire.
in front
anchor
pickets.
No.3
places pick
ets at bead
of work.
fence.
-6
Each car
ries out 1
bundle
anchor
pickets.
end of work.
-8
M aterial
Wiring party
Carrying party
1 n oncommissioned officer
(carries pliers) .
fl men (carry rack sticks).
1 noncomm.lsslooecl
-7
234
officer.
12mcn.
235
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
99
99
First t ask
Second t ask
SL<th task
Nonconunis.<ioned officers p aces oJf nnd indicates t o Nos. 1 and 21 oca ti on for t heir
pickets. Superv ises work .
Carries out Carries out
Stri ng and
1 bundle L ay out
1 bundle
fasten
medium
and screw
medium
fron t diin center
pickets.
pickets.
agonal
------ li ne or
wire.
pickets.
2
Corriesou t Carries out
1 bund le
1 bundle
anchor
anch or
pickets.
pickets.
Stri ng!lnd
wind
lass t op
hori
zontal
wire,
front
apron.
String and
wind
l as~ t op
hori
zontal
wire,
rear
apron.
Strin(:an d
1 b undle Lay out
1bundle
wind
and sc rew
anchor
anch or
lass t rip
in outer
p 'ckots.
pickets.
w ire,
anch or
pickets.
front
Carricsou t Carries out
apron.
4 bobbins
4bobbins
barbed
b'U'bed
wire.
wire.
String and
fasten
h ori
zontal
w ire,
cen ter
line.
Stri ng and
win dlass
second
horizontaJ wire,
rear
apron .
- - -- -
--
2 bobbins
4bobbins
front
barbed
barbed
a pron .
wire.
wire.
E 1 em en t col
lapsed and
prepared t or
carrying.
String and
windlass
trip wire,
rear
apron.
Concertina extended.
FIGURE
159.--Concertlna.
236
282736 -41--16
237
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
99
99
REFERENCE DATA
TABLE CI.-Drill for
ment-Continued
Nos.
First task
Second task
Carriesout
1 concer Lays out and
tina and
screws in 4
cut t 1e
anchor pick
cts.
tapes.
CONCERTINA EXTENDEO
FIGURE 160.-Double-belt concertina entanglement.
Third t ask
Material
Wiring party
Carrying party
4 anchor pickets.
14 coils concertina.
30 wire staples.
noncommissioned officer
(carries pliers) .
10 men (Nos. 1 and 2 each
carry 12 pieces plain wire;
9 and 10 each carry l 5
staples; all carry rack
sticks) .
1 noncommissioned
officer..
20 men.
Carry out
wire.
Second task
Third t ask
Fourth task
2 concer
tinasand
cut tie
tapes.
Carry out 1
coil barbed
wire.
Noncommlssioned officer carries out 4 anchor pickets. Paces off distances and lo
cates pickets. Supervises work.
10
Fitb task
Windlass coils
to wire at
3 po i ntsbe
Open out and
t wee n each
place in sec
2 pickets.
ond line 0 r / - -- - --
pickets 2 con
certinas.
Run h ori zon
tal wire alon g
top or pickets,
second row.
C arry out
conce rtina 1-------1-------- - -1 - - - - -
co il and
Fasten w ire to
c 1.! t t i 0
Open ont and
pickets.
and
Open
out
tapes.
- -- - - place in fron t
place in sec
ond line of Windlass coils
line or pick
p ickets 2con to wire at 3
ets 2 concer
points
be
tinas.
cert inas.
tween each 2
pickets.
Fifth task
Fourth task
4 Ion g
and screws
pi cket s
in 4 long
Open out and
pickets.
each.
place in front
line of pickets
1 concertina.
238
Run horizon
Fasten wi re
to pickets.
239
100
100.
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
100
.c::.
...,C'\1
t.. -tJ...
ui
""'~
0
a
.,...~
l....co
....
l'l
0:
<!I
It
.~
., -~"
W)j~
~
!==@:
ij
.;
""'.,
.. 'ii
~
i1
>l
.!::lI
.,
~ 'M
>l
""co....
~
<!I
.~
~-@!
240
241
100
100
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
..
Bob
242
243
100
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
REFERENCE DATA
101
TO BOB~IK
ALTE"R.HATf' HtrHOD
FIGURE 166.-Method of fastening two wires together by
"windlassing."
244
245
101
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
101-102
The :lin~shed
Goosehert;Y wound
spirallY with barbed
wire. :fastened. at
~inis with smooth
w1re.
Connecied to
another be~ h,y
a spiral cotl.
forminS a. sphere
8orl0turns around
the pegs. !'astened
at two !llaces with
small sm.o oth wire
246
247
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
102
REFERENCE DATA
103. TYPES OF SHELTERS
(1)
AND
103-104
PROTECTION .AFFORDED.--a..
~~~(1---~------~----
Work
men
A and
~tandard
Soft
soil
A verago
soil
Hard
soil
2- 3
2
2- 4
2-4
8-16
8-16
249
12
7
7
12
10
50
50
18
24
10
10
18
12
12
24
15
75
75
20
100
100
104
104
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
GENERAL LAYOUT
o" J@....,
-
~RMISHER'S ~AOUT
o"
TRENCH FOR
I-6 T
G'UN COMMANDER
Dtmt'nJIOnJ ~
Amm
Jldnd.:~rd .1111
NOTE.-8hould provide forPlring recess In parapet 5 feet long and 10 to 12 inches deep.
Box for rifle, 48 by 12 by 8 Inches, with gas curtain.
Box for ammunition, 20 by 20 by 121 inches, with gas curtain.
/
I
I
DETAILS OF EMPLACEMENT
pie{:es
z".-t;"-1-:o"
IJ1
(Q
ll
'o
CAN BE
'-.
WIDENED TO
RESEMBLE A SHELc-HOLE
/
./
L _:::}
L&f/--~~---J
NoTE.- Accommodates gun and two men with water and ammu
nition boxes. Requires 60 cubic feet excavation~ man-hours in
soft soli. If for caliber .50, length should b e 10 feet and w!ll
require 75 cubic feet of excavation.
FIGUU: 175.--0pen emplacement for heavy machine gun--.shallow
type (T-base may be omitted).
250
251
104
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
REFERENCE DATA
104
GENERAL
LAYOUT
..,
(-1'4")
co
DETAILS
OF
EMPLACEMENT
SECTION
NoTE.-May be made from shallow type by deepening that part
of pit occupied by personnel. Will require 3 man-hours for deep
ening and 3 man-hours for revettlng In soft earth.
FIGURE 176.-0pen emplacement for heavy machine gun-standing
type .
252
253
104
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
104
PROFILE
PREVENT
INTERFERENCE
SHEI.I.
RAMP
...,
; 1
/"'""'\
I
I
I
l._ /
Ammunition niches
PLAN
NoTE.- RequireSI 175 to 200 cubic feet of excavation. Should be
used only in stabilized or semistabilized warfare.
FIGURE 178.-Emplacement for 37-mm antitank gun.
254
-3-
255
REFERENCE
TABLE
DATA
Emplace
men t for
2guns
Item
.S~cfion.A:A
Logs:
6 inches in diameter, 8 feet long _- ---------------- ------ -- -- ---------
4 inches in diameter, 10 feet long _____________ ___ ____ _______________ __
Poles, 2-incbes in d iameter , 6 feet long __ _______ _______________________ ____
Timbers, 6 by 8 inches, 3 feet long________________ __ _____ _______ _________ _
Boards, 1 by 12 inches, 2 feet long ------ -- - --------------------------- -
Stakes , 12 inches long ________ _____________ ________ ------- - -- __ ____ ___ __ _
T -bases, standard .. ___ .. ___________ -- ----- _______ _________ ____________ __ _
.Section]]
104
24
220
40
4
5
200
2
750
1, 000
240
500
Corrugated iron or roofing paper ---- --- ----- -------- -- -- ----sq ua re feet. _
Camouflage m ateriaL. ____ _-------- ______ _____________ ___________ . do. __ _
Sandbags . _. ... .. ____ ________ ____ .. . .. _....... _._ . _. ____ . ___ .. ___.. _. __ __
Wire, smooth , No. 10. _-- ------ ___ -------- -------- ------- - _________ feet. .
Brush, for revetting steps. --- ---- ------------------------ - ----- bundles __
Excavation...... -- --- - ---- ----- ---- ----------------- - ------ .cubic feet. _
1, 500
Work:
Excavation, 12 men __ _- ------ - ------------------------------ -hours__
Revetting, roofing, etc., 12men___ __ _____________ ____ ______ ___ _do ____
10
14
24
288
c ..J
.JJ
'Pt e.n
at.Jround /lv1/
257
105.
Olllttc;TIQH
...
;o
~~
f1I)M
&~ -:
IS [ JI'PCT[O
i : ..
... ....
..
-.-;~~- ~
..,~
ot
we
C1)
....
...
8... .......
,_...
......
..,0
C::a>
CLOW
~a:-'
e ... i
cI ~~~
c ::l~~
z0
s:l
~~s
ore~
1'-' s 5 N
en
~=~
(/)
~
(/)
a:
...
:::>
...,~
0
N
:::>
Q)
s:l
Q)
.B
2;-W
::s
u.
bz:ll
Q)
(J
OS
CD
0~
Q)
a
a
UJ
~~ ...
..
"'
a:
"'"'
en .. ~
...,..,::11
""'"'
PLAN
::s0
:!..
..,
~;!!i
i=
(,)
SECTIONAL
El"'
....0
..,
,0
i,.,~
.s::
(J
OS
.....
0
-l
0
...0
:'
Q)
...
z
c
...J
SECTION A- A'
1
t.,.,d
F IGURE 182 .
10
II
II
IS
''
It
11
It
19
a.
!Of[U
.s::
..,"'
.s::bO
M
CX)
....
"
~
258
259
t;
..."'
!:!
105
TABLE
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
Item
Quantity
260
......
w
LLI
0
143
43
64. 5
3, 800
24
6,900
~
_J
26. 8
53
0.
88
16
(approx i
mately)
.08
32
.25
0.
a:
a::
--,
jJOd jO l
I;;
Ul
-.,
e-.~
.o - . ~
<t
..
\.
1
- ', .
~~ ::. ,.
'
-. -~~=lf..
a::
m
:::?!
LLI
. "'
.. \' .-
~l
'~
:::?!
"'
Q)
.....
0
"'
Q)
>:1
:a
s
.....
t)
.,.
ci
0
0
'"
p,
bD
""co
.-<
~
_J
<t
.o
IJJ
bD
,q
_J
C/)
Q)
...,"'
<t
"'
::l
Q)
,q
0.
_.
a::
LLI
IJ...
i=
(.)
<(
,.
LLI
tl::
-= 8
.H
A
t-
....
Q)
t-
CD
(")
.0
......
...
C'l
"">:1
...J
0.
ci
ci
Q)
(.)
a::
\ .
"'....
"'
;:l
"'
:::>
>:1
z<(
Q)
'd
'I
C/)
+'
Q)
. 0~
'l"'
~m
.So
....
t)
a::
,.
c5
P.
t)
:;;
,_
N' ~
C'l
'd
"'>:1
:~
::>
0CD
"'
.36
174 _________ _
110
165
>:1
<J
l' '
i .l
+>
'd
'd
a::
J,
I
t
t z.j
- .
:;;
OJ
LLI
LLI
:::>
_J
(.)
a..~
.ru ~
LLI
iEs
I
~~~-
::i
I;;
1.6
-i
~--+--.... "f
I II
j~
rp I I tN,()..
~ r;:$
"'
-;,., ..
l;:i ~ '!!:.1~
o-'
~,
v-
110 11
n.
~ >-
~I
:::>
C/)
<t
.20
263
a:
...
a::
3. 6
t-
"'
LLI
...
1.7
1, 600
Lumber:
------------ -- -- -- ---- -For forms:
975
2-inch . _- - - -- --- ---------------------- ----square feet..
2 by 6 inch ._ ---- -- ---------------- --- -----linear feet__
700
2 by 4 inch. _________ __ ______ _______ ___________ __do___ _
330
2 by 2 inch____ _______________________ __ ________ _do____
36
1 Approximately
Weight
(tons)
"'
"'p
"
CX>
105
105
REFERENCE DATA
TABLE CIV.- Light sh ellproof
machine-gun empl.acement-bill of
material and work date ftor figure 182---Contlnued
.
Q uant1ty
I tem
1-bea:
Roun
Iron'
Angle
3
1
2
2
Wire
Emb1
1
Lumber-Con t inued.
For forms-Continued .
1 by 12inch _______ ____ __ _________________ _Jinear feeL
1 by 6 inch __ _______________ _________________ ____d o____
1 by 4 inch __ __ __________ _____ ____ ____ ___ ____ ____do ____
DO
40
40
22
800
37
31
Nails :
Sixteenpenny ____ __ ------ -------- ---- -- --------- . pounds..
60
Twentypenny____ _____ ----------- -------------- ----do.--
60
T otal weight (approximately) __ _______ _____ ___ __ tons__ - ---- -- --Excavation:
Emplacement. _--------------- ----- --- --- ---cubic yard s. .
58
Burster course . . ____ : __________________ ___-- ___ ____ . do .--.
49
Volume or concre te _- - -------- -------- ----------- --- -- ..do____
Backfil L ___ ____ ___ __ _______________________ ______ ___ __. do ____
Work:
Excavation and filL ------------------- ______ _man-hours.
Erect ing form s , p lacing burster course, etc___ _______ do___ _
Concrete , placing rein forcing, mixin g, p lacing, and stri pping forms______ ___ ____ ____ ______ ______ -__ __man-hours __
82
120
320
350
450
Steel
1
1,120
14
24
1
2
1
I
Cove:
1
Sand
Broko
261
W eight
(ton s)
362
......
0
<:11
::<I
...,
rn
!>:>
0>
!>:>
. ,...
.z ,
~?f1I:
:p:4.-~r:-~- ~rr
- s:=:
,
... !
z=~
- 0-~ :~~- :~-~ -'!..< _ ;';;.P. -'o';r
:! I I 119~~~~1J~~~~~~
"l
"5!
M
M
::<I
rn
J'O"a ir space
::<I
M
"l
M
::<I
!>:>
0>
0
M
<:..)
t:!
>
....
(11
106-107
106.
T ABLE
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
REFERENCE DATA
107
Excava
ti o n re
Designation of emplacem()Ot
Quired
(cu bic feet)
Man
hours'
(appro x.)
Figure
reference
Remarks
C::urt:ain
embrae.urcz.
eonf'ortn& to
e.lope of' banK
60
Splinter-proof, double em
placement. __ - -- -- --- ----- ------ -----Reinforced concrete ___ _______ ---- -------37-mm nntitank guo emplace
ment _________ ________ __ _______ _ 175 to 200
1~
to 4
~to 1
5 to 10
3to 7
'7 to 13
3 ~ to 9
9 to 18
181
1, 120
182
L------;JflP"''.4<':o-+--------------1
177
177
175
176
175
176
288
10 to 24
9 to 18
3 to 7
FIGURE
173
Material at
site.
Do.
178
179
180
First fi gure is for soft earth, the seco nd for bard earth.
Does not includ e revetments.
107.
ARTILLERY EMPLACEMENTS.
F IGURE
II'
FIGURE
265
REFERENCE DATA
107
trecz~
n-ot top
held in
vcz.rticol po
'by ~uy -wire:.
'o
"<>
,._
~
'<
.:s
'
.:3ection A-B-C-D
FIGURE 191.-Emplacement for 155-mm howitzer , M1918
(high speed ).
266
FIGURE
Seclon A-J)
193 .-Emplacement for 155-mm gun (G . P . F .) .
267
108.
TABL E
D escription
Number
required
Size
r'
LARGE
PARALLEL
n.l
LOGS
0' f
TO L INE
IIJ
8
54
10
. . . . .._.ztJolfs-15"/ong
,.
r/
T+-t-it
IT
....2
>
lY""""~'""'~
~
i ~~
~::~
I#
181
',
,.;;;;:;
1-S"lll"
.:
::
li..
!I
p
I
:!
SECTiON
FIGURE
:..i
!i
.-
-
"'
,I
~I
.~
'l(
"'}
,><
:t
14-
J.e
3-><
8 ",..8~7"
FIGURE
1--
l
~
.,
......
8:.7"-----M,.~ /41
~
Plao
AA
268
.I
::t
,"''
......
1
~
, )(
v v
_,<:)
'~
..J
"'
14"
Section
282736 . -41--18
269
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
108
REFERENCE DATA
Size
De;,cription
N umber
required
12
5e clioll J\ Jl
FIGURE 198.-Concrete trail support for 155-mm howitzer.
270
271
108
109
109.
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
109
3-inch gun;
director; height
'''
searchlight;
COMMUNICATION TRENCH
\ __.- FROM SLIT TRENCH
\
'
\
\
\
\
AMMUNITION DUGOUT
6'x6'x4' DEEP
GUN- PLATFORM AT
GROUND LEVEL
272
273
109
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
REFERENCE DATA
DIRECTOR
109
_...SIGHT
274
275
109
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
TRACKER'S SIGHTS
/~
110
REFERENCE DATA
110. SHELTERS.
TABLE
""'
.. g
"~
Nature of cover
.e<>S~
"'., -_
.0 ~
Ed)
.0
'"'
"'.
gj
.0
"
.9
"'"'
.0
.9"
gj
.0
.9"
gj
.g"'"'
.c"
.9 .9
gj
.c
"
.9
gj
.c
"
.9
gj
.c
<.>
.9
"""'
:e ~
8
~
Pl~
"'
-------- - -----1- -- ------- ---- -00
feet deep.
(2) Power pla/nt.-Use natural defilade. When necessary,
build sandbag parapet to height of plant.
(3) Sound locator.-Build sandbag parapet to level of bot
tom of lowest horn. Slit trench n earby for crew of four men.
c. Figures 199 to 203, inclusive, show shapes or average out
side dimensions for camouflage purposes rather than typical
emplacements. For details see FM 4-105 to FM 4-160, inclu
sive (CAFM).
Reinforced concrete........... .. .
.....
L0
2. 4
J. 5
3. 6
Logs, 8-inchminimumdiamoter,
wired......................... ......
3. 4
5. 0
6. 0 --- --
7. 0 ----
5. l
7. 5
=========
Cave shelters:
Sand stone or granite .......
Soft li mestone. ---- -------- U n d isturbed eart h ...... .. __
-----
-----
------
NoTE.-Figures t o the righ t of and. below the h eavy line are for
shelters t h at would n ormally be con structed by cu t -and-cover
met h ods; those to t h e left are n ormally for surface sh elters. The
dividing line Is not fixed, as the determination of the type depends
on the location, m aterials, and the labor and time available.
277
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
110
110
REFERENCE DATA
c;
::~-~:::::~~;-~: ,~~~-~~;-.~~~~~,~~'s;::~:
;:,:_
2~0
LAnR.(~Jt.T'IUIItt._r (HPOilTAJ(l)
{Vfi2Y /HPORTAifr}
Section
E.lev.Ulot\
.::
;:=~, ~-,--ncm
8~..
6'0:J}Ottomar7nncb. ~
Item
Size
U nit
Cases, gallery . . .. .. .
Batten. ... .... .. . . . .
End lumber... . . . . .
Wedges.. . . . .... . . ..
Baffle board ... . .. . .
Nails ... ........... .
Bursters . .......... .
Wire. ... . . .. . . .. ... .
Sandbags. .. ... . . . . .
Each ......... .
Each. .. . . .... .
Each .... ... .. .
Each. . ..... . . .
Each.. ...... .
Pound . .. . . .. .
Each . . . . .. .. . .
Linear foot .. . .
Each . . . . . . .. . .
II.
Ete"a.tlon.
Item
- - --
Weight
Quantity (po unds)
U nit
Size
- 1-- - -- -- 1- --
- -13
30
15
Total weight..
. .. .. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . .....
. .. . ..... . . . . .. ..... .. . . . .
278
1,000
100
.
Weight
Q.uant1ty (pounds)
16
1,018
279
1, 200
35
85
25
25
20
20
30
8'0
~~.........,.
Section
2, 900
15
4, 291
~ "l N,
01
~
~
"
Description
Protects against
shell
2:
"
"~
=l)b
0 0
" I '"'~
l:
:."'
"'
'5
"'
~
Work detail
30 1 sergeant, 16
m e n.
24 ..... d o _________ _
50 . . do... - -
2 __ __ _do __ _______ _
2 .....do __ __ ___ ___
24 1 sergean t, 2
sq u ads .
24 .. .. . do ________ __
12 1 sergeant, 2
squ ads.
2 2 men _______ __ _
"'
t'
n
s"'
"'0
""~
~~
""' ...,
P.
" 0
<>o
0'
. ..
Construction
time
"0'
, <:.>
o ::l
1> .0
.9:~
,-.
~~
0<>
Peroc
cupant
- - - - - - -
.,...,
"' "' <:.>b ""
tj
~f
,,
"Is-.
562
234
234
28
290 459
825 1,086
240
Z7
2
2
.5
101
20
Z7
18
150
1. 2
19
' 22
.9
1
1
24
.25
8.5
.1
1. 6
1. 3
.1
.08
82
2301142
286 '48
130 328
39 171
45 74
240 250
66 -- -
36
~I
5
6
88
.4
.5
.5
9
28
2.0
1,9001 6.51
3,800 4.6
2,300 9.6
10
12
2.4 2,100
. 03
.1
330
0.68
a "'
""' 8" 8 8"
- - - - - - - - -
"'0'
b
<:.>
<:.>
0
Material
3 "'~
~n
"~ _,.
' Based on a capacity of 50 men, if for shelter, or 43.5 tons per person if shelter is d es igned for staff use of about 25 persons.
l<'or forms.
Do..... ......
Cave . . . --- ---
Do... .. . .. ....
Do ____________
Do __________ __
l'
::.
;;
;;
=
~
a
Do ___ __ ______ _
....
"""
I .s
,..::;!
"':b
TABLE
~-
'? .
6'-Z R
.L..~":""
~:e T~:
: ~ 1:
."
w,- '
""; l___~---~
f~
:;J ;
~c:
=
a;.
0 :u
g 1-:.J
n"
~ ~
Type
"'
~
.,."'
0.
"'
S"
<>
)>,7
).'1'
N,
h _rl~---- t:J..TLI.ull_.\_ _!
; ;I
~-;
ii h,~~
"'
li
-..
~;'
!II
co
1>:>
-4
.,~
"
:ll
.tj
~~
:.,;r
~E
........
........
t;!
>
tot
~
1/'l
:.I
en
l'l
l'l
"l
.,rn
(")
111
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
SECTION II
:r
,:
CAMOUFLAGE
111. PROCEDURE.----a. Make camouflage effective primarily
against aerial photographs.
(1) Hide form and shadow without changing texture or
color.
(2) Do not make telltale tracks.
b. In choosing positions, consider mmaon, ease of access,
natural concealment, deftl ade, and lay-out.
(1) Use aerial photographs to aid in selecting positions.
(2) Look first for natural concealment and cover; second,
for terrain with a confused pattern; third, for most favorable
existing routes.
(3) Plan lay-outs of main position and auxiliaries in detail
before occupation.
c. Tie in camouflage with existing features.
d. Use natural materials wherever practicable.
(1) Place in natural positions.
(2) Keep green vegetation fr esh.
e. Use fish nets for quick erection of flat-tops and drapes;
chicken-wire for permanent flat-tops. Fish net is easy to
handle but shrinks when wet, expands on drying, and de
teriorates with extended use. Chicken wire is stronger and
more durable than fish net, but is heavier, stiffer, and more
bulky.
t. Match colors to surroundings.
g. Make flat-tops flat.
h. Thin out garnishing near edges.
i. Exaggerate irregularities of outline.
j . Keep cover as close to the ground as practicable.
k . Enforce camouflage discipline.
l. Use aerial photographs to check effectiveness of
camouflage.
112
REFERENCE DATA
LINES oF F
A.
Jos
V\l
I I
CENTE~~:J',,.""~
I
~BLONG
1 I
jToP OFINT uPJ
j
B.
'"" <- t
INITIAL
NET
I I
1
FOLDS~
c.
""
:
~
D.
E.
F.
PROCEDURE
I. SPRAD
2. ROLL LOOSELY
ROLLS
TOGETHER . (F. )
282
283
,.
\
(_
" \ \.
\\
w
.1'
\\1
\\\
'\\
\1
NAIL
OVER
POLE
Q)
282736- 4 1 --19
REFERENCE DATA
r-ABOUT 8'1
i i
USE
FRICTION
WIRE
TAPE
TO PREVENT
OR
KINK
SLIPPING
~~ ~
1.;:
"
lo
E NOS
H ANG
Ill l!
11l'r'
0 OWN
F"P"
i{JC? ll
J-~
....,
!:?"
~~
I!
..
!::='
~~~
I'.\ kif'
PLAN
rr 1 '' 1 t i vrJ I'I'uamlfl"e'.. m'"'lii t'll""''t'l'iiif""m"i'l'" u t'" ,, ,, "''
SECTION
FIGURE
286
287
112
112
REFERENCE
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
112
DATA
288
T ABLE
Fish nets,
36 b y 44 feet
Item
Stakes, 2~ feet by 3 inches diameter _________ _
3-inch poles, lengt hs as needed __- ---- ---- ---- Wire, smooth, No. 12 or larger__ ___ _________ __ _
Nails, assorted-- --- - -- -- ---- -- -- ---- ------ ----
289
I Ch icken
wire, 1,000
square yards
20_____ ____ __
18 _____ ______
500 feet_ _____
~poun d ____
40 to 100.
80 to 100.
6,000 feet.
5 pounds.
REFERENCE DATA
112
<D Fish net u sed as fl at -top (as for guns in p osition) . Must be
adjusted with chan ging weather conditions, be kept taut, and be
tied in with n atural ground f eatures.
(!)
Fish net used as drape (as to cover trucks, tanks, etc. ) . Must
290
FIGURE
291
112
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
LOOKING
DOWN ROAD
ll
ROAD
SlOE VIEW
FIELD
PLAN
ELEVATION
BRUSH SCREEN
DISTANCE
BETWEEN
SCREENS
EXAMPLE
X HORIZONTAL DISTANCE BETWEEN SCREENS
Y HEIGHT OF SCREEN MATERIAL
OR 900 X' 9DOO Y
ASSUME Y ' 2 YDS . 900 X '9000 X 2 OR 900 X 18000
OR X 20 ( YDS) .
NOTE : SLOPE OF GROUND OR TURNS
IN ROAD MUST BE TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION .
k:Y :: 9000:900
292
293
112
113-114
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
net~oad ca;pacity
0/
1 % -ton truck.
25
25
20
40
80
200
MAIN
ROADS
OPOSITIOrt
I: NEW
,-;./DUMMY
POSITIO
~~POSSIBLE
o
// ACCESS
/l-.... ~OAD
){
-----.~
ACCESS
ROADS
RIGHT
WRONG
LOCATION
CAMOUFLAGED PATH
FIGURE
294
~:0 ,<.".::~
//\\
\> l/-'
~,CAMOUFLAGED
114
295
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
REFERENCE DATA
115-118
118-122
296
297
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGDiERS
122
DISGUIStD
AS Cl.UMP
OF BRUSH
BURIED
IN
ROAD
EMBANKMENT
123-125
299
125
CORPS
OF
125
REFERENCE DATA
ENGINEERS
OVERHEAD
EMBRASURES
f
ROLL TYPE
SLIT TYPE
BRUSH HURDLES
COUNTERWEIGHT TYPE
300
282736 --41--20
301
REFERENCE DATA
126-128
SECTION
FIGURE 222.-Camoufiage applied to arti1Iery positions, battery under
single cover.
302
128
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
129
REFERENCE DATA
SECTION
ill.
129.
SIVES AN D FuSES.
T ABLE
Explosi\' e
TNT ___ ________ ____ ______ ____ _
1.00
. 90
. 90
l.OO
2.10
1. 20
1.20
1. 06
1.20
1. 05
. 33
Type
304
. 00
I dentified
by-
Fuse, b lasting,
time.
R ed braid,
rough sur
race.
Yo I 1 ow,
rough sur
race.
hi t e
smooth sur
face.
R ate of
b ur nin g
F or m of
in feet
per sec
issue
ond
(app rox.)
Usc
'fo ignite
- - --
To fire nonelec
t ric caps. To
ignite instan
onds
taneous ruse.
p e r
To i gn ite
root) .
blast in g p ow
der.
120_____ _ __ _do ____ To fi re no neleet ric caps.
0.03 (32
40 sec
50 - root
rolls.
rolls.
305
To induce detonation in hi gh
explosives in
timatel y adj acent.
Uso match ,
fuse lighter,
etc.
Splice with
time (use;
ignite latter.
Use issue de
tonat i ng
cap.
129-130
TABLE
REFERENCE
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
Initial charge
D istance
(inches)
Initial charge
24
36
48
D istance
(inches)
I I
I I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
II
I
I
I I
I I
I I
I I
60
72
96
.4
I I
I I
I I
.3
. I
I
I
I
I
I
.I
J.
I I
130-131
DATA
I I
I I
I I
I
I I
.J L
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
~ I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I
L.
a
'~
'~
'tj
~
~
FIGURE
131. DEMOLITION OF
sectiOns.
(1 )
External charge: N = 20
307
131
T ABLE
131
REFERENCE DATA
CORP S OF E N GI NE ERS
C ir cum Iorence
(inches)
D'
3.14
4. 71
6. 28
7. 85
9. 42
10.99
12. 56
!4. 13
15. 70
17. 27
18. 85
1.0
2. 25
4. 0
6. 25
9. 0
12.25
16. 0
20.25
25. 0
30.25
36.0
Circu m
ference
(inch es)
D'
- - - - - - - - - - - -20.42
21.99
23.56
25. 13
26. 70
28.27
29.84
3!. 42
32.99
34. 56
36.13
C ircumferenco
(inches)
----
42.25
49.0
56.25
64.0
72. 25
81.0
90.25
100. 0
!10. 25
121. 0
132. 25
37. 70
39. 27
40.84
42.41
43.98
45. 55
47. 12
62.83
78.54
94.25
--- ---
-144. 0
156.25
169. 0
182.25
196.0
210.25
225. 0
400
625
900
4i
+>
..,"'...
Q)
,_ ...
0 .c
a.
a: .
w ..,
"'
u
"'
;;;
------
(/)
J::
"
C>
;::
"':3
"'
Q)
...
a.
..: ~ 0
- a: s:1
:;i' J!
- 1 u
II
~
.. ,~ 1X
l ~g
:0
,_~II"'
ll.<l)
,._ x
+>
:aa
~
t-
Q)
0 - 1
z ..
o z ~
;:
ta~
::IE
(f)
Dta.mttcr- .5o
"'
(f) :z:
gj >
uo
a: u.
u.w
308
...J
ii!
g,!,_
<lll')
309
131
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
132
REFERENCE DATA
132.
Formula.
N= %A
where
N= number %-pound blocks of TNT required.
A= area in square inches of cross section to be cut.
b. Examples.
310
311
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
132
REFERENCE DATA
132-133
A=(l6.5'x2")x4132. 0 SQ IN
35"x2" =70 SQ IN
TOTAL A 202.0 SQ IN
N 3/4 A 3t4x 202151.5 BLOCKS
CHARGE 152 BLOCKS TNT
A 39fx 2;j-"
12"x1"x 2
(6'+5flxfx4
ee.eeB
24.008
17.258
TOTAL A 130. 13
N i A
130. 13 8 97.6 BLOCKS
CHARGE 98 BLOCKS TNT
312
313
133-134
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
134
REFERENCE DATA
(See table
CXVII. )
10 Blocks TNT'
Ordinary earth .----- - ---------------- -- -------- ----- --- All values______ ___ 0. 09
Poor masonry, sbale and bard pan, good timber and eart h . .... dO---- --------
. 38
constru ctio n.
.63
Good maso nry, concrete, roc k ______ _____ ___ __________ __ _ U nder 3 feeL.....
.50
3-5 feeL-- -- -----
&--7feet__ ___ _____ __
. 44
Over 7 feet_ ____ ___
.38
. 81
Dense concrete, first-class masonrY- - -- -- -- ------- -- -- - - Under 3 feeL.... .
. 65
3-5 feeL __ .---- -- .
5-7 feet__ __________
. 57
. 49
Over 7 feet. -- ----Reinforced concrete ... ---.----.------------- --- -------- Under 3 feeL..... 1.25
3-5 feeL __________ 1.00
(Concrete only, will not cut bars.)
.88
&--7 feeL..---- ---Over 7 feet _______ _ . 75
ARGE
TAMPED C 1.0
UNTAMPEO C 1.4
.
~
'
. .CHARGE . J ;
HARGE
CHARGE
TAMPED C 1. 25
UNTAMPED C 1.5
I .
TAMPED C 1.25
UNTAMPED C 2.0
UNTAMPED C 2.5
TAMPED C 2 .5
UNTAMPED C 3 .5
UNTAMPE D C 4 . 5
TAMPED C 1.5
FIGURE
TAMPED C 2 .0
315
134
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
2 .0
R AND
USE
1. 5
K TOGETHER OR
w
z
:J
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
C AND N TOGETHER
134
REFERENCE DATA
15,000
1.25
10,000
CROSS SECTION AT CENT'I!:ft
1.0
OF
5,000
4,000
BRIDGE
ABUTMENT
3,000
2,000
.6 63
1,500
'<~7
~!:'-,,~-~-~~~
.4
STRAIGHT
',,
.38
. 35
1.4
1.5
a:
~
it 2.0
(!)
............
................
3oo u;
............ ....... _
__
2.5
3. 0
...
0 3.5
4 .0
_ ___
----- . . .-. .
2oog
150 al
L-
-----------------
it
EXAMPLE ILLUSTRATED BY
OOT~O LINES :
a:
w
~
GIVEN :
C=l.5
FINO
N =203 BLOCKS
T . N. T
100~
I
j!
u.
(/)
a:
w
=>
al
~
w
z
:J
X
w
1~8 ~
u.
04
R =6 FEET.
:::!;
a:
K= . 57
;:;:; -a
~ '-,,~ 7
- --- ---PIVOT STRAIGHT EDGE WHEREf
;:; ~-,
a: IT CROSSES INDEX LINE.
g;
.25
lr3
II
z=>
II
4 .5
...J
z
a:
~
....:
.3
1.25
1,000
N = 2A
where
N= number lf2 -pound blocks TNT.
316
282736' --41--21
317
135.
TABLE
Formula.
Line of crater
N = 3.2R'KC
where
N= nuruber of %-pound blocks of TNT per yard.
R , K , and C have same significance as in breaching
formulas.
b . Points to be observed.-0) Demolition by distributed
charges usually requires more explosives than demolition by
concentrated charges; use former method only for thin struc
tures.
(2) Place charges in continuous row, extending along
structure to be demolished.
(3) For reinforced concrete, take R = l.25 times thickness
of structure.
136.
CRATERING.---a.
F ormula.
Radius of rupture
1-line
1 ~-line
2-line
TABLE
1.0
1.0
Camou
fl et
!-line
Undercharged
! ~line
Common
.
3-line
2-hnc
1.4
1. 7
2. 4
3. 1
1.2
1.4
1.7
0. 010
. 012
. 014
. 016
0. 024
. 030
. 038
.046
0. 054
. 066
. 084
. 100
0. 162
Line of crater
Line or crater
D epth
0. 36
. 44
. 56
0. 70
. 86
. 300
. 67
1. 30
l.JO
1.23
I. 51
I. 93
2. 29
318
6-line
3. 9
2.1
4. 7
2. 6
Depth
CXVIID
. 188
. 252
5-line
- -- - - - -1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
L ight earth ..........
Common earth.......
Hard sand .........
Hardpan . ...... __ ....
4-line
1.1
Kind of material
3-line
- - - - - - - -1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - -
N = I.'Z+ - -o/o
where
N= number of lf2 -pound blocks of TNT required.
L = depth to top of charge in feet.
Z = a factor depending on nature of soil <see table
and on line of crater.
TABLE
136
REFERENCE DATA
135-136
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
319
2i
~
":i
"
GIVEN .
w
z
2i
~
"
~
"
FIND
z
::;
I
"'
0:
8"'
<o
:::
"
L: 10 FEET
K:: HARDPAN
C = 2-LINE
30
"
T . N. T.
20
"'....0
1!5,000
10,000
>,000
.ooo
2,000
1,>00
1,000
700
<.>
~
-'
.
......
"'
"
oo
;:::::-:.:';;
-::;.::::=
-- -- ---MEDI UM ROCK OR
600
600
>00
oo
300
300
ir
200
150 ...:
too...,:
I OO lL
,., ......
<II
~ ~~ ~
OROIN~Y BRICK MASONRY
..:w
...w '
:::
'M~;PAN
."' .
w
HARD SAND
LIGHT EARTH
....:I:
. "'"'
20Ft .
'a
3 tF~
~::::\_ -- ~
::a
RESULTING
UNIMPROVED
ccRATER
IMPROVED
CRATER
'
/?
---// /
~-
~,
lt
~ I /TAMPING
',
/_
"'w
CHARGE
::>
'
"'
...'
~
...0
10
::J
ai
30~
::>
20 ~
40
:I:
Q.
oo g"'
C>
<.>
COMIIION EAR'Tlf
136
REFERENCE DATA
20,000
3,000
N: 150 BLOCKS
(,o
:J
::J
I
::J
I
-..!_N
;z
NOTE:
TO DETERM IN E PIVOT
POINT
~I
usf
L AND K
TOGETHER OR C AND N
TOGETHER ONLY
'"z
:J
1:1
0
!l1
ffi1
!<'"
...5
0
~~
>-::;
0
o"'
.
"'
321
137
TABLE
137.
137-138
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
Diameter of
boulder (feet)
Sna kehole
M udcap
l4
l4
1
1
2
3
7
1~
2
4
138.
Location of
magazines.
TABLE
Explosive
(pounds)
50
100
2, 000
25,000
1 100,000
Inha bi ted
bui lding
R ailway
240
360
1, 200
2, 110
3, 630
140
220
720
1, 270
2, 180
Highway
70
11~
360
630
1, 909
Ot her
magazine
60
80
200
300
400
323
139
COR P S OF ENGINEERS
SECTION
139
REFERENCE DATA
IV
T ABLE
Light
tank
C harac teristics
139.
TABLE
Cri terion
Clnssifieat ion
General purposes
Remarks
Placed by ai r forees
or d uri ng raids.
Placed b y Engineers
or other arms.
Placod by troops
protected by the
obstacle, assisted
by Engineers.
12
163
12
19
210
13
81
17
48
73
15
43
3
8
45
30
10
45
30
Type
324
Width each tread .- --- . . . ..... . . . ____ ... ------ --- . .. . ..do .--
T read (center to center) ... -------- ---- --- -- - - -- ---- -- --do . . ..
Cross di tch with out jumping, width .. ..... ... ..... ..... do... .
Engineers.
Examplea
Medium
tank
- ---- - - --
P rojectile
weight
(pounds)
Muzzle
velocity
(feet per
second)
Weight
of p iece
in firing
posit ion
(pounds )
0. 107
2, 700
o. 55
0. 40
600
130
.72
1.85
3. 50
3, 000
2,600
2, 000
1. 95
2. 20
1. 90
1. 50
1. 76
170
30
20
1, 200
850
1, 120
1. 45
325
140
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
140
REFERENCE DATA
in band: 3 to 6.
(2) Distance between rows: 1 to 3 yards.
(3) Least density: 1 Y2 mines per yard of front.
(4) Pattern: varied, nongeometric.
(5) Additional protection: best obtained by additional
bands rather than by increasing density of existing ones.
b. Methods of laying.-(1) Longitudi nal.-Parties move
along rows laying one or more rows simultaneously.
(a) Advantage.-Allows close supervision of work and
favors use of trucks.
(b) D isadvantage.-May leave paths visible from air and
ground.
(2) Crossfield.-Parties move across field, laying mines in
several rows simultaneously.
(a) Advantage.-Adapted to situation where road parallels
field and serves as base line.
(b) Disadvantage.-Not adapted to use of trucks, or to
accurate laying, especially at night.
c. Concealment.-0) Burying.-Effective against all forms
of observation. Scoop out shallow hole, placing mine at ele
vation to insure detonation; replace sod or top soil over
mine; dispose of spoil.
(2) Use ot terrain.-Effective against air observation and
to some extent against ground observation. Lay mines along
natural terrain lines, furrows, old fence lines, roads.
d. Equipment r equired t or erection.- '!Tucks for transport
ing mines; bags for carrying away spoil; picks; shovels;
tracing tape; measuring stakes; sledges.
FUZE
ASSE MBLY
326
327
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
140
TABLE
rs' -1
-$
-$---~-$--~ - t---- ~--;h- -$-- - --$----$
-$-3 YDS
-$
f- 6'--j
'l'
1-3 YDS
;_.
r
12'_,j
-+----+--~
Part y
M ethod or
T ransport
P lacing
Total
(~q u ads)
ID g
- - - - -- - 1- - - - -1: - - - - -
~--+ !
- - - - - - - - - - . , .- - ----1-- --c------,,----1lamin
es
id per
-$
-k-- 6' -j
140
REFERENCE DATA
manbour
-40
21)
120
30
12'
f
12'
<;fl-
e~ . 9
~~
qr-
12'
12'
328
329
140-141
330
141-142
llEFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
BOLTS OR
DRIFT PINS
MAY BE HUNG
FROM WIRE
ROLLS AF TER
PLACING
10 0 300 YOS TO
~'
IJ
n
w
;~'
" I I I \1\\
NOT TO SCALE
DI STANCES IN YAROS
331
REFERENCE
q'}
-..................._
MEDIUM TANKS
LIGHT TANKS 3' "-.,_
-.........._
~-----12'18'
FIGURE
TABLE
143
DATA
TO ENEMY
'>...._
246.--Sidehill cut.
Type of
soil
8 feet
wide
Triangular d itch
12 feet
wide
Trapezoidal ditch
:sfeet
'"ide
FIGURE
12 feet
wide
shift
plus);,!
hour.
1 shift plus
6 hours.
FIGURE
333
1 shift plus
4 hours.
145
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
144-145
concrete, etc. First rows slow down tank; oth er r ows stop it.
0
4y-..
~ [HUn
TO
t:
u,
....0
Ill
(I)
(I)
a:
u
~RO~~ ~ ~~T]Q H
.EI.AIL
FIGURE
T ABLE
~-~
Or..
0
0
..
...,~
Rate o f
placement
o f p osts p er
Operating crew
Pointing capping
crew
hour in-
- - - --- ----1------- - - ------ - - - - P ile dri ver (drop or air 1 NCO, 8 men ..... . 1 NCO, 8 men __ _
h ammer) u sing 7)6-ton
m obile c rane.
Power earth auger, band 1NC0 ,8men _____ --- ------------- ----- 35
tamping.
Hand l abor________________ 1 engineer company ------------------ -- 30
100 workers.
(1)
25
17
20
T"'
t
f
co
-.!'
C'l
I
z
<(
..J
JQ,
1 U nsatisfactor y .
down or th r ow out of con trol r a pidly a ppr oach ing veh icles.
334
l
~CJ
Method of p lacement
ai
335
0>
w
w
,.
"t
co
en
'.,~"'"
0'
co
...
0'
<+
co
5
~
I.,
10 FEET
-<
s:
fTI
...._ 1"11
!"'
.,'en"'"
0'
'0
:aD'
...
en
co
...P'
P'
...""
OJ
E==-3
WOODS
HEAVY
1000 YOS
..
282'736 -41
DEMOLITION
ERODED GULLY, IMPROVED
o-o-o-<> ANTITANK
I I I I II
CONTOUR INTERVAL
E'"'+'S3
:JiJ
I ~~
l\)
1 \- III
~
LEGEND:
e==--3
~
~
-<
3:0
1~
(Face p . 336).
""'
,_.
!ll
Vl
"~
"l
""Vl
!ll
C1
146
REFERENCE DATA
146.
CHEMICALS.-a.
TABLE
Time
Number
of men
Length
of road
(miles)
Time fu se
ign ition
(hours)
Electrical
ign ition
(hours)
- - -
Day--- - -- ---- -------- -- - ---Nigbt_ _______ _____ --- ___ ___ ___ __
I Y.i
146
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
CHAPTER 4
MISCELLANEOUS DATA
339
355
366
SECTION I
T ABLE
Unit A
c
Length :
M iles__ ____ _______ ____
Do___ _________ __ _
Do_________ ____ __
63, 36(). 0
o, 280.0
1. 609
3. 281
3, 281.0
2.040
M eters. - - ----- - -
K ilom et ers. ___ ______ _
I nches______ - -- - --
S u rface:
Square m iles_____ ___ __ 127, 878,400. 0
Do__ _______ __ ____
1 MO. O
Do___ ____ __ ___ ___
2. 59
1 43, 560. o
A cres__ _______________
Do___ __________ __
4, 046.9
2. 471
H ect a res______ __ __ ____
Do______ ___ ____ __
110,000.0
6.452
Squa re in ches______ __ ,
Squ are m et ers __ ___ ___
10.76
Vol ume :
Cubic feet_ __________ _
11, 728. 0
16.39
Cubic inches . -- - --
35. 31
C u b ic m eters -- - ---
7. 481
C u b ic feet_ __ ---- -- Do__ _______ __ ____
6. 229
Do______ _____ ____
28. 32
I
E xact values.
339
o. 00001578
. 0001894
. 6214
. 3048
. 0003048
. 3937
I nches.
F eet .
Kilometers.
Feet.
Do.
Cen timeters.
. 00000003587
. 001563
. 3861
. 00002296
. 0002471
.40 -17
'.0001
1550
. 09290
Sq uare feet.
Acres.
Squa re kilometers.
Square feet.
Square m eters .
Acres.
Square m e ter s .
Squa re centime ters .
Squ are feet .
. 0005787
. 06102
. 2832
. 1337
. 1605
. 03531
Cu b ic inches.
C u b ic cen t ime t ers.
C u b ic feet.
U . S. gallons .
I mperia l gallons.
L it ers.
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
TAB LE
Volume-Continued.
U. S. gallons___ ______ _
Do____ __ ________ _
Imperial gallons __ __ __
U.S. bushels ________ _
Fluid ounces..------
Acre-feet__ ___ . -------
Millions U . S. gaL..
1l13
0. 004329
2642
.8331
.8036
. 5541
. 00002295
000007481
Cubic inches.
Liters.
U.S. gallons.
Cubic feet .
Cubic inches.
Cubic feet .
Do..
Flowing water:
Second-feet...: .. .
Do._ ------------
Do... -------- ---
Cubic feet per minute.
Velocities:
Miles per hour------
Meters per wcond__ __
Do . . --- ---- ----
P ressure:
.._,__,_!
160. 0
448.8
1. 984
7.481
. 01667
. 002228
. 5042
.1337
.0
z"
1231.0
3. 785
1. 200
1. 244
1. 805
1 43,560.0
133,700.0
..,
...
:e
.<:l
s
"'
a
"'
~
0'
0'
""'
...
i "'g " "'
.s
"
"'
-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --- - - -
UnitB
Unit A
CXXXI.-Functions of numbers
..,0
w
.0
1
2
3
4
5
1
4
9
16
25
1
8
27
64
125
1.0000
1.4142
1. 7321
2. 0000
2. 2361
0. 00000
30103
.4niz
. 60206
69897
36
37
38
39
40
1296
1369
14:14
1521
1600
46656
50653
54872
59319
64000
6. 0000
6.0828
6. 1644
6. 2450
6. 3246
1. 55630
1. 56820
1. 57978
1. 59106
1. 60206
6
7
8
9
10
36
49
64
81
100
216
343
512
729
1000
2. 4495
2. 6458
2. 8284
3. 0000
3. 1623
. 77815
84510
. 90309
95424
l.OooOO
41
42
43
44
45
1681
1764
1849
1936
2025
68921
74088
79507
85184
91125
6. 4031
6.4807
6. 5574
6. 6332
6. 7082
1. 61278
1. 62325
1. 63347
1. 64345
1. 65321
11
12
13
1331
1728
2197
2744
3375
3. 3166
3. 4641
3. 6056
3. 7417
3. 8730
1. 04139
1. 07918
1.11394
1.14613
1.17609
46
47
48
49
50
2116
2209
2304
2401
2500
97336
103823
110592
117649
125000
6.7823
6.8557
6. 9282
7.0000
7. oni
1. 66276
1. 67210
1. 68124
I. 69020
1. 69897
6818
3048
.4470
14
15
121
144
169
196
225
33.90
14. 70
.02950
. 0680
29.92
03342
. 4912
Feet of water.
Pounds per square
inch.
Inches of mercury .
Do.
16
17
18
19
20
256
289
324
361
400
4096
4913
5832
6859
8000
4. 0000
4. 1231
4. 2426
4. 3589
4. 4721
1. 20412
1. 23045
I. 25527
1. 27875
1. 30103
51
52
53
54
55
2601
2704
2809
2916
3025
132651
140608
148877
157464
166375
7. 1414
7. 2111
7. 2801
7. 3485
7. 4162
1. 70757
1. 71600
1. 72428
1. 73239
1. 74036
01602
21
22
23
24
25
441
484
529
-576
625
9261
10648
12167
13824
15625
4. 5826
4. 6904
4. 7958
4. 8990
5. 0000
1. 32222
1. 34242
1. 36173
1. 38021
1. 39794
56
57
58
59
60
3136
3249
3364
3481
3600
175616
185193
195112
205379
216000
7. 4833
7. 5498
7. 6158
7. 6811
7. 7460
1. 74819
1. 75587
1. 76343
1. 77085
1. 77815
26
27
28
29
30
676
729
784
841
900
17576
19683
21952
24389
27000
5. 0990
5.1962
5. 2915
5. 3852
5. 4772
1. 41497
1. 43136
1. 44716
1. 46240
1. 47712
61
62
63
64
65
3721
3844
3969
4096
4225
226981
238328
250047
262144
274625
7. 8102
7. 8740
7. 9373
8.0000
8. 0623
1. 80618
1. 81291
31
32
33
34
35
961
1024
1089
1156
1225
29791
32768
35937
39304
42875
5. 5678
5. 6569
5. 7446
5. 8310
5. 9161
1. 49136
I. 50515
1. 51851
1. 53148
1. 54407
66
67
68
69
70
4356
4489
4624
4761
4900
287496
300763
314432
328509
343000
8.1240
8.1854
8. 2462
8. 3066
8. 3666
1. 81954
1. 82607
1. 83251
1. 83885
1. 84510
1.467
3. 281
2. 237
2.036
62. 42
17,000.0
2. 205
11.120
0001429
.4536
8929
Grains.
Pounds.
Short tons.
1550. 0
.001818
1. 341
746
1. 78533
1. 79239
1. 79934
340
341
e.>
t..)
""'
""'
)i
J.i o
~~
'rio
l-1
~.
~i
)/!o
Mo
:K o
- - -
.0625
.0677
. 0729
. 0781
. 0417
. 0469
.0521
.0573
. 0208
.0260
. 0313
.0365
0
. 0052
.0104
.0156
.1458
. 1510
. 1563
. 1615
.1250
.1302
. 1354
.1406
.1042
.1094
.1146
.1198
0. 0833
.0885
. 0938
. 0990
. 2292
2344
. 2396
. 2448
2240
.2083
.2135
.2188
.1875
. 1927
.1979
2031
0.1667
.1719
.1771
.1823
~~~~~
:0:0:0:0:0
p~~;.o;.o
.3125
3177
. 3229
.3281
.2917
. 2969
3021
3073
2708
2760
2813
.2865
. 3958
.4010
.4063
4115
. 3750
.3802
.3854
.3906
. 3542
. 3594
3646
.3698
0. 3333
.3385
3438
.3490
.4792
.4844
.4896
.4948
. 4583
. 4635
. 4688
. 4740
. 4375
.4427
.4479
. 4531
0. 4167
.4219
. 4271
.4323
5_1_
.5625
.5677
.5729
5781
. 5417
. 5469
.5521
. 5573
.5208
.5260
.5313
5365
0. 5000
.5052
. 5104
5156
6_
.6458
.6510
. 6563
. 6615
.6250
. 6302
.6354
.6406
.6042
6094
. 6146
,6198
.5885
.5938
-. 5990
o. 5833
foot
~WOO<O
CO cOcO COCO
<O*""'"cO.J:>.
. 7292
. 7344
7396
. 7448
7083
7135
7188
7240
. 6875
.6927
.6979
7031
.8125
.8177
.8229
. 8281
7917
7969
.8021
. 8073
. 7708
.7760
7813
7865
0. 7500
. 7552
7604
7656
~~~~g
rt!.~of>.W ~
0. 6667
.6719
.6771
.6823
~~~~~
<OCOCOCO<O
t-'t-'t-'t-'~
t-'~t-'t-'t-'
~~~t-'~
~~~cO~
ffl~~!:S
!;!..,..,
ooooo~o:>
OO W OOtv-.J
O>of>.O-.JW
~~C...:lWt;..:)
:0:0~:0:0
oo~~~;e
t-.:100001W
<:0...,.010
o:>-.JOCJ<
O<Ot-:.l<:.o:IO'>
g~l-"000'>
-.:]-.:]0)0)0)
Logarithm
Square root
Cube
10
Logarithm
11
Square root
1 C ube
I Number
I Squar e
I
I
I Square
Number
.8958
.9010
.9063
9115
.8750
.8802
.8854
.8906
.8542
. 8594
.8646
. 8698
0.8333
. 8385
.8438
. 8490
C'l
.9792
.9844
.9896
9948
'9583
9635
9688
. 9740
9375
.9427
.9479
9531
0. 9167
. 9219
.9271
. 9323
p.
(1)
i:j
bg
0'
;:!
l'l
~
~
~l"l
l"l
;J
fll
l"l
l"l
"'~
l"l
fll
~!:! ~
...~... fil
~f;j
- - -- - - --
8~:t~g;
800000000
COOO-.Jo:>
cOOOOO-.:f
~<0)0>..<:0
r.OCOOOOO
<OCT~ COO
~~~~~
~:f~~;j
~~~::Irl
-.JO~OOc.:l
c.:101c.:I0'>01
O<Ot.:lc.:IO'>
8~~=3;!
~e~~
CT~o:><O~I-"
t-.:~C;J~o:>OO
8gj~~~
0)
~r.OcO;fCO
000>
""
0
001-"
...... l{:>o. co
~~~~
<O~~<Of!l
t)~!);80i!
<Oc0c0r.Or.O
CT~I{:>o.Wt-:.l .....
fe:i!<rgfii~
tv 85..00 1-" cO
<CCOcOC08
t-'r-'~~~
Ott-:.ll{:>o.!0
~&g~:j~
~~~gg~
~~t-'t-'t-'
~~~~~
8<0 -.:(1-"
t-'~t-'t-"t-'
9090909090
8fi!~t:;
<:.o:l~~~~
9090909090
~5~
$0$0~~~
~~~~t=
!:;;f-S8<:.o:l~
C;.:l011;1.:1-.l
Oo:Ot-:.li;i.:~o:>
~~~~e
~~~~~
~~~g~
0 01 01<:0
~~~g:~
CXXXII.-Inches to decimals of a
0. 2500
. 2552
. 2604
, 2656
TABLE
~~~~e
8:fi!l:le:S
~~~~~ g .....
.....
~~~
~~8$~
~~0)0)0)
~~~~~
Clll{:>o.<:.o:lt.j .....
~;E~::J~
O'llfl'o.~t.j
0000000000
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
TABLE
il~
gj
~"'
.s....
....
()
g ~e
~.,
..~
~
....
....
I.
fj
to>
@
u
't.
lJ
I
't.
!!
"~
<>
-.:
-.:
1i
a
-.:
-.:
"
-~
+
~
fla
<.>
8 8 g 8 g
..
g
E-<
to>
I
't.
I .
...
II
af~
<q
IQ
"
.!!
:0
<q
8 8 8
~~a
:::.<:
I
<q
l!
aJ.o afo
-.:
-.:
-.:
s"
;;
r-j"--1..
..
\J
:!
I
<q
l!
.ofa
"l
I-'?Ii +
<.>
:::.<:
<!!
<ql"'=
:0
-.:
! .;
! al
..=
...
..,!!
al
:I~ !I~
t..>-.:t..>,;q
a,~.,~~
-,
+
fla
-~I
I
:0
"l
ll~
<;'
b.
<
<
<"'"'
oi
-.:
II
~~
a.J.
-.:
..
344
"">
..
<q
...:
Ia .
..:
Angle
Sin.
20
ao
40
017
.035
. 052
.070
57. 30
28.65
19.11
14.34
.017
.035
.052
. 070
57.29
28.64
19.08
14.30
1.000
1.001
1. 001
1.002
1.000
.999
.999
. 998
ooo
89o
880
87
86
50
60
70
go
go
.087
.105
.122
.139
. 156
11. 47
9. 567
8. 206
7. 185
6.392
. 087
.105
. 123
. 141
.158
11.43
9. 514
8.144
7.115
6. 314
1.004
1.006
1.008
1. 010
1. 012
.996
.995
993
.990
.988
85
840
83
82o
81
100
u o
12
13
140
.174
.191
.208
.225
.242
5. 759
5. 241
4.810
4.445
4. 134
. 176
.194
. 213
.231
. 249
5. 671
5. 145
4. 705
4. 331
4. 011
1. 015
1. 019
1.022
1.026
1. 031
.985
. 982
978
. 974
970
80
79
78
77
76
] 50
16
17
18
19
. 259
. 276
. 292
. 309
326
3. 864
3.628
3. 420
3. 236
3. 072
. 268
.287
. 306
. 325
344
3. 732
3.487
3. 271
3. 078
2. 904
1. 035
1. 040
1. 046
1. 051
1. 058
.966
961
956
951
. 946
75
74
72
7JO
zoo
21
220
230
240
.342
.358
.375
391
.407
2. 924
2. 790
2.669
2. 559
2. 459
.364
.384
.404
. 424
.445
2. 747
2.605
2. 475
2. 356
2. 246
1.064
1.071
1.079
1. 086
1.095
.940
. 934
927
.921
914
70
69
680
67
66
250
26
270
280
290
.423
.438
.454
.469
.485
2. 366
2. 281
2. 203
2. 130
2. 063
. 466
.488
510
.532
. 554
2. 145
2.050
1.963
1.881
1.804
1. 103
1.113
1. 122
1. 133
1.143
906
.899
891
. 875
65
64
63
62
61
30
31
32
33
340
. 500
. 515
.530
. 545
. 559
2.000
1. 942
1.887
1. 836
1.788
. 577
.601
. 625
. 649
675
1. 732
1.664
1.600
1. 540
1.483
1. 155
1.167
1. 179
1. 192
1. 206
. 866
.857
. 848
.839
.829
60
59
58
57
56
35
36
37
380
39
4QO
41
42
. 43
440
. 574
.588
.602
.616
629
I. 743
I. 701
1.662
1. 624
1. 589
700
727
. 754
781
. 810
1. 428
1.376
I. 327
1. 280
l. 235
I. 221
1. 236
1.252
l. 269
1. 287
. 819
.809
799
788
777
. 643
656
669
.682
. 695
1.556
1. 524
1. 494
1.466
1.440
.839
.869
.900
. 933
.966
1.192
1.150
1.111
1.072
1.036
1. 305
1. 325
1. 346
1.367
1.390
766
755
743
731
719
55
540
530
52
51
500
49
48
47
46
45
. 707
Tan.
Cotnn.
Sec.
- - - -- -Cosec.
----- - - --- -Cos.
oo
0.000 - -- - ----- 0.000 --------- 1.000
1.000
10
~
.,.~1-H-~1-1
-.: to>
..: ..:
a
..
. 883
- -
no
414
1.000
414
- - - - - -1.- -1.000
- - - - - -l.- - .-707- -45Cos.
Sec.
Cotan.
Tan.
Cosec.
Sin.
Angle
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
TABLlll CXXXV.-Us~fuZ formulae
a.
Area~.
,.d
r=radius
d=diameter
b=base
ll=altitude
.-=3.1416
b. Volume&.
A=area of base
h=height
B-angle
Type of channel
&=distance in feet
!=time in seconds
l=Ft
W=F&
W=tm'
(3) Beams:
MvM
f-r-s
W=(pf) EI
M=mo
d. Mechanics.
(1) Rectilinear motion:
Fama
f . Electricitv.
E=IR
--v--
(2) Kinetics:
W=El
v-~dt,t
r=radius
. 8
/1+co,ine 8
(8) cosme 2
2-
a=y
&=o.t+tat
c. Trigonometrv.
1
o=f
e. Hvdraulics-Continued.
e. Hvdraulics.
open channels:
o-~rl 8 t
n
346
Value of n
0.009
.010
.011
.012
. 013
.015
.017
.020
347
.025
.030
0.035 to .040
. 011 to
. 010 to
. 015 to
. 013 to
. 010 to
.012 to
. 009 to
. 010 to
. 010 to
. 010 to
. 011 to
.015
. 014
.035
.017
.013
. 017
.013
.014
. 017
.017
.017
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
TAB L E
CXXXVII.-Properties of sections-Continued
TABLE
CXXXVII.-Properties of sections
AXIS OF MOMENTS .THROUGH CENTER
c,
d.
c,
d.
12
d'
d
Vi2
-
.2887d
AXIS OF MOMENTS THROUGH
CENTER OF GRAVITY
d.
Cz
c,
d'
d
V3
d
V'l. - .7071d
c,
d'
2d
c,
36
s
.1179 d3
6v'2"
.5774d
_A_ _
.2887d
Vi2
Properties of sections--Square.
bd 2
24
d
..JL
y fS = .2357d
vs
Properties o! section&-Tr1angle.
282736 -41--23
348
bd
bd 3
12
__rf_
3
~d
d.
AXIS OF MOMENTS
ON BASE
349
.4082d
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
TABLE
bd
d
c,
TABLE CXXXVII.-Properties of
sections--Continued
bd 3
12
bd 2
AX IS OF MOMENTS ON BASE
.rd.
4
..JL
2
,;<j
.7854d 2
..R
=:
..R
.0491 d4
.7854R 4
..x~
?CR'
.0982d'
.7854R'
_l!_
....!L
c,
bd
_b_d_
vb + d
bd 3
6(b2+ d2 )
bd 2
b2 d2
.5774d
V3
v s(b2 + d2 l
AXIS OF MOMENTS ANY LINE
THROUGH CENTER OF GRAVITY
Properties of sections-Circle.
bd
b s in o + d cos o
2
bd (b 2 sin 2 o + d2 cos2 a)
12
Properties of sections--Rectangle.
356
b3 d3
bd
c.
3.1416 R
32
64
.2887d
Vi2
351
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
REFERENCE DATA
TABLE
CXXXVII.-Properties of sections-Continued.
J...U..W..Ll..lf-..t~
R V
- -zF
---.
M,
when 'A<
Fl
F)
Fl
~x
AXIS OF MOMENTS THROUGH
CENTER OF GRAVITY
..:R'
R
R
~)
.5756 R
(_x8 __]__)
9x
. 1098 R4
24
=
R "\/ 9 n -64
6x
when x
R1
R2
.2643 R
NOTE :
TRANSFER OF AXES : TO FIND THE MOMENT OF INERTIA (!, )
OF ANY AREA A ABOUT ANY AXIS IN TERMS OF THE
MOM ENT OF INERTIA lo ABOUT A PARALLEL AXIS THROUGH
THE CENTER OF GRAVITY OF THE AREA, IF X0 IS THE
DISTANCE BETWEEN THE TWO AXES :
lx = Io + AX~
=,
-,
Fb
Fa
--,Fab
.i'-.flijiiQJIIIDPvz Mx
Fbx
when x < a
Arnax. ( at x
1907 R'
< -} )
1.5708 R2
( 1-
- 48Ef
-~a
+ 2b)
(a 3
wh en a>
Aa
( at point of load ) .
~.
wh e n x < a
) .
) .
b)
---y
Fab (a +2b) .J~
27 El l
Fa.tb2
.. -3Eff"
. -ft.IT (f l -
R V
Vx
M max. (at center}
~X
353
(l-x)
5 w/ 4
~ 384 El
352
b'-x' )
RE F E RE NCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
SECTION
II
DATA ON MATERIAL'3
Material
TABLE CXXXVUI.-Beam d iagr ams and formulas for v arious static
l oadi ng condit ions-Con tinued .
Ra Va
Vx
;~
(2c+ b )
~~
(2a+ b )
(a+b)) .
Mmax.(at x a + ':,' ) .
"'f-U...U...4-""V2 Mx
(when x < a) .
Mx
Mx
Ra(a +
(a+b>) .
~)
Rax
Ra x -
(x--a)l
Ra (1-x)
R>
- v,
Fs (/ - a) + Fz b
- v.
Fa a+ Fa (1- b)
I
I
Vx
M,
(max. when Ra
R a-Ft
< Fa)
R aa
Ma
Rab
Mx
{ when x <a ) .
R tX
Mx
Ra x- F1 (x-a)
( ~-b) )
Brass ___ ____ ----- -- -- --- --- -Brbk ___ ____ ______ ___ _____ ___
Bronze___________ __ _____ __ --_
160
168
69-94
51G-542
llG-130
545-555
Coal :
Anthracite ____________ __ _
Bituminous _____________ _
CharcoaL __ __ ___________ _____
97
84
17- 35
Concrete:
Reinforced _________ ___ __ _
R,
Aluminum:
Cast ____ ___-- -- ------ ---
Wire__ ____ _______ ____ __ __
Asph altum__ ____ ____ ___ ____ __
Stone __ __ __---- - -- - -- -- -
Copper, cast __ --- -- ----- ----
CrushedGraveL ____ ___ ____ ___ ___ _
Granite__ __ __ ___ ______ __ _
150
HG-150
549-558
95-104
90
94
70
100
65-88
Mud, wet:
Fluid ___ __ ______ ___ __
104-120
100
110
11G-130
Pressed __--- --- ---- -
Sand:
Pure quartz, dry:
Loose __ __ ________
87-106
Rammed _____ ____
10G-120
N atural, loose____ ___ _
so-uo
1 See
35{
Weight
per cubic
foot
(pounds)
Material
Earth-Continued
Sand-Continued
Wet_ _________ __ _____ _
Gravel, clay mixed:
Compact, dry ___ _
Wet_ _____ ___ __ __ _
Gravel :
Loose __ _________ ___ ___ ___
R ammed ___ _______ ___ ____
I ce___________ ______ ____ __ __ __
Iron:
Grey cast __ __ __________ __
Wrought__ ____ ---- - -----
Lead ___ ____ __ ____ ____ ________
Lime____ ___ ____________ ______
Masonry :
Mortar rubble ____ _____ __
D ry rubble __ _- -- ---- -- -
R ock:
Granite _______-- -- ----- -
Gravel, clean __ ____ ____ ___
Shale _____ ________ _______
Soapstone______ ____ ___ ___
T rap _____ _____________ ___
Salt __________ _______________ _
Snow:
Fresh fallen ______ ________
Wet compact ______ ______
SteeL ___ ______ __ ____ ___ ___ __ _
Tin ________ _________ _____ ____
Water:
Fresh_ ------ ------ --- ---
Sea ____ _______ ___ ____ ____ _
Wood ___ ___ _________ _________
Zinc_ --- -- -- ---------- ----- -
t able CXL.
355
Weight
per cubic
foot
(pounds)
118-128
100
115
82-12.5
Do-145
56
439-445
487-492
710
53-- 75
155
125
125-187
100
162
162-175
187-190
129-131
5- 12
15- 20
474--494
455
62.4
64. 0
(1)
438
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
T ABLE
T ABLE
CXL.-Weights of wood
P ounds per
cubic foot
Pounds per
Soil
feet)
Kind
48
52
55
41
34
44
4,000
4, 350
4,600
3, 450
2,850
3, 650
37
27
49
51
38
33
32
34
3, 100
2, 250
4, !00
4, 250
3, 200
2, 750
1, 920
2, 400
2, 700
2,850
49
42
48
28
28
51
36
4,100
3, 500
5, 350
4, 000
2, 350
2, 350
4, 250
3,000
63
62
44
48
5, 250
5,200
3, 700
4,000
51
51
45
54
34
47
58
41
38
4, 250
4,250
3, 750
4, 500
2,850
3, 900
4, 840
3,400
3, 200
2, 350
2, 500
2, 250
3,100
3,250
64
23
29
28
30
27
37
39
- - - - --------------1- ----- -
Quick sand and alluvial soil__ _____ ______ --------- ------ -
Soft clay___------ - ------- _______ ----- --- -- - ________ _
Clean , dry sand . ______ --------- ------- - --- -- - ___ -- -
M edium d r y cl ay___ - -- -- - - ---- ---- ____ ------ __ __ __
C om pact sand _________ ----------- - ------ ----- --- --- Dry clay_---- --- - - -- -- -- -- - --- - _________ _____ ___ _
R ock (poor> ---- -- --- ----- -- - ----------- - --- --- ---- Cemen ted graveL _______ __------------------- _------ -- _
Rock (solid a nd first quality) __ ________________ __ ________ __
T ABLE
27.8
27.8
2
2
4
4
55.6
55. 6
69. 5
111. 2
8
lQ-25
139-347
M ateria\
Cou rsed rubble, portland cement m or tar__ ___ ____ _____ _____ _______ _____
Ord inary rubble, p ortland cement mor tar____ ___ ___ _________ ______ ____ _
Coursed rubble, lime m ortar ____ ___ ______________ ___ _______________ ____
Ord inary rubble, lime mortar _____________ --- -- ------------ --- __---- --
F irst-elass granite m asoDIY,, p ortland cemen t m orta,r _-- ------ -- -- -----
First-elass limeston e a nd sandstone masonry, portland cement m or tar -
P aving brick m asonry, portland cement m ortar ___ ___ ____ ______ __ ___ ___
Selected h ard comm on b r ick m asonry , p ortland cement mortar -- - -- - -Com m on brick m asonry:
Lime m or tar _____ ------------------ ------- --- ----------- ----------
P ortland cement mortar _- - --------------- ------- ----- ----- -- --- - -
356
6. 9
13. 9
357
Stress
square inch )
200
100
120
60
600
400
350
200
100
175
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
TABLE
REFERENCE DATA
TABLE
CompnlSSion
Variety and grade or lumber
Horizon -p-
r-1:.-n---,~---
bending tal shear
p rail I Modulus
of elas
dicu ar to a e
ticity
grain
to grain
E
Pounds per
square inch
E~~:."e
1, 600,000
1, 600,000
1, 200,000
1, 200,000
1,100, 000
1 Figures are for a factor of safety of 3. For green timber use 60 percent of values
given.
1 Basis of Engineer Board designs for H-15 timber trestle bridge.
.
For long leaf yellow pine, this figure is 130.
Direct axial tension on net section__ ___________________ ___ ___ ____ _____ 18,000.
Direct e.xial compression, maximum for short columns_- ---- - -- ---- - 14,000.
Compression in columns'-------- ----------- -------- ----- -- -- ------- 18,000-70L.
Fiber stress in flexure, in tension, or in compression when the unsup 18,000.
ported length (L) is not more than 15 times the breadth (b).
Compressive fiber stress in flexure for value L i b between 15 and 40.
22,000-270L
Fiber stress in pins____ ____________ ____ --- ---------- --- --------- _____ _
Bearing on plane faced or rolled surfaces
- -------------- ---- -----
Shearingrosssectionofwebsofgirdersand rolled shapes in which (d) ,
the unsupported depth between flan ges or the distance between
stiffeners, ifless, divided by (t) (the thickness of web) does not exceed
43.
Shear when d/t exceeds 43.------------------------------- -----------
27,000.
27,000.
12,000.
13,500.
10,000.
24,000.
15,000-70 d.
30,000.
16,000.
20,000.
358
359
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
REFERENCE DATA
TABLE
CXLV.--contents of lumber
Size of piece
(inches)
2hy4___ ___ ________ __ ______ ___ __
2hy6___________ ___ ___ _______ ___
2by8_____________ ______ ___ __ ___
2 by JO_____ __ ______ ___ ____ ___ ___
2 by 12____ __ __ __ _____ ___________
TABLE
12
16
8
12
16
20
24
9).1
14
18%
23).1
28
10%
16
21 ).1
26%
32
12
18
24
30
36
28
32
18
24
30
32).1
37%
21
28
35
37).1
42%
24
32
40
36
42
48
16
24
42
49
56
18%
28
32
40
48
56
64
37).1
46%
56
65).1
74%
36
48
60
72
84
42
56
70
84
98
48
64
80
96
112
54
72
90
108
126
60
80
100
120
140
66
88
110
132
154
128
144
160
160
188
200
10633
133).1
176
198
220
18
20
22
13).1
20
26%
33).1
40
14%
22
36%
44
16
24
32
40
48
42
48
27
36
45
46%
53).1
30
40
50
51).1
58%
33
44
55
56
64
36
48
60
48
56
64
21).1
32
54
63
72
24
36
60
70
80
2{)%
40
66
77
88
29).1
44
72
42%
53).1
64
7433
85).1
48
60
72
84
53~
- ---- -
6%
10
13).1
16%
20
C limatic conditions
14
- -
---
29~3
24
--------- 13}11
4 by 6____ ___ ___ _____ ________ ____
20
4by8_____ __ ______ __ _____ _____ _
26%
33H
4 by 10. . ------ -- -- - -------- --- -
4 by 12___ __ __ __ ____ ______ ____ ___
40
4 by 14______ __ ______ __ __ ___ ____ _
46%
4 by 16. __ ____ __ ______ ____ ______ _
53).1
6by6 _____ ______ ___ _________ ____
30
40
6 by 8--- ------ ----- - -- --- - - --- -
6 by 10____ ___ ____ ______ ____ ____ _
50
6 by 12___ ____ ____ ____ ___ ___ ___ __
60
70
6 by 14------- ----- ---------- - --
6 by 16 ______ __ _______ ________ __
80
90
6 by 18. ----- -- - - - -- - -- ---- ---- -
6 by 20-- ------ ---- - --- -- ------- 100
8by8____ _____ ___ ______ _____ ____
.s by 10__ ___________________ __ ___ 53~3
66%
g by 12. ___ ___ ______ ______ ______ _
80
g by 14__ __ _____ _______ _________ _
93).1
83).1
10 by 10.---- - - -- ------ - ----- ---
10 by 12.----- - - --- - ------------ 100
10 by 14... --- -------------- --- - 116%
96
108
120
64
80
112
126
140
74%
93).1
106%
144
162
180
96
120
96
112
100
120
140
112
130%
116%
140
163).1
128
149).1
133).1
160
186%
144
168
150
180
210
160
176
186% 205~3
166% 183).1
200
220
233~ 256%
192
224
200
240
160
144
168
192
196
224
186%
168
196
224
228%
261 ).1
213).1
192
224
256
240
216
252
288
294
336
266%
240
280
320
326%
373).1
293~3
320
288
336
85~3
261 ~
298%
96
84
96
32
48
58% 64
66% 73).1 80
80
88
96
93 ~3 102% 112
10633 117 ~ 128
72
96
120
144
168
192
216
240
11 7 ~~ 128
146% 160
264
308
352
280
Materia l
Fill
Cut
Fill
Cut
Cut
Fill
TABLE
l ),j!:1
1)-j!:l
1)-j!: l
2:1
1)-j!:l
1:1
J-1!: 1
)4:1
2:1
lJ-1!:1
lJ-1!:1
4:1
!J-1!:1
1)-j!:l
1)-j!:1
1:1
1).1:1
1:1
1)-j!: l
1:1
1:1
%:1
),j!: l
)4:1
2:1
1)-j!:l
l ),j!:1
3:1
1)-j!:l
1)-j!:1
1J-1! :1
1:1
2:1
1:1
1)4:1
1:1
1:1
% :1
J-1!:1
)4:1
4:1
1)-j!:l
l J-1!:1
1)-j!:l
l ),j!:1
1)-j!:1
1)4: 1
1:1
Net
cross
secShort
Net
Diam
tiona!
diamDiam
diam
eter
ar ea at eter of eter
of
of bar
eter
base of
nuts
bolt
(inches) (inches) thread (inches)
h ole
(square
(inches)
inches)
Diam
eter o f
wash e r
(in ches)
Thick
ness o r
washer
(inch)
(appr o xi
mate)
- - - - - - - -- - - - - - %
)-i
1
l }i
1)4
1%
H2
1%
1%
ns
2
2)4
2~
0.620
. 731
. 838
. 939
1.064
1.158
1. 283
1. 389
1. 490
1. 615
1.711
1. 961
2.175
0. 30
. 42
. 55
. 69
.89
1.05
1. 29
1. 51
1. 74
2.05
2. 30
3. 02
3. 72
H4
l l'i
1%
1'')1
2
2')-is
2%
2~1.
2~4
2'o/f
3}i
3~
3)-i
384
359~
392
410% 448
361
''!i
' o/f
1)-io
1)4
1%
1~
- -- - ----- --- -
-----------------
2
2)4
2).1
2%
3
3~
-------------------- - --- -
-------------------
0.134
.15
.15
. 15
. 15
.15
------------------------------------------
REFERENCE DATA
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
TABLE
SECTION III
Length
(inches)
Size (d-penny)
2-d ........... .
3-d ...........
4-d............. .
Number
per
pound
Gl5
322
&-<!. .
I~
6-d....... ... . . . .
7-d............. .
S.d . . ....... . . ...
2
2)i
250
200
2~
2~
3
3)i
3~
TABLE
Length
(inches)
20-d.............
30-d............. .
4()-d.............
50-d...........
900
! )i
I Y.i
Size
(inches)
Size (d-penny)
60-d . ...........
!54
106
85
74
57
46
4~
29
23
17
5~
!3~
10~
Size
(inches)
108
lli
96
1~
Number
per
pound
Size
(inches)
10
12
Number
per
pound
- -- - - - - - -- - ---- - - - - - -1
1~
87
72
1~
TABLE
On roads
Length
of
Across country march
7
8
Number
per
pound
Number
per
pound
65
58
6
0
4
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -I-D_a_y_l Night'
Foot troops . ............. . ........... . .
Horse-drawn artillery................
Pack artillery . .................... . ...
Tractors............. ...... . . . .........
Horse cavalry.........................
Truck-drawn heavy artillery ..........
Truck-drawn medium artiJJery........
Tanks or combat cars. ................
Truck-drawn light and antiaircra!t
artiJJery......... .. . . . . . ...........
Trucks. . ............................
Armored cars and scout cars..........
Passenger cars and motorcycles.........
1
2~
3~
Day :-ight
1Y.i
3
3
25
3
3Y.;
5
15-10
2()-10
25-10
8
8
15
25
25
35
35
25-10
25-10
35-10
35-10
8
8
10
10
3~
3~
15
20
(la~s
15
2
2
4
5
0
5
20
20
30
35
100
140
150
175
175
200
250
TABLE
Animals:
In column of fours. ............ . .. . .. . . . . . . . . ......... . . . .. per animal. .
In column of twos......... ... .. . . . . . . . ... . .. . .
. ... . . ......do... .
Single fiie ... ....... ... ...... . . ..... . ... . . . ... . . ... ... . .........do.. ..
Foot troops:
In column oftwos....... ...... ... . .... ....... . . . . . .........per man..
362
363
1
2
4
1
3i
~
INDEX
Paragraphs Pages
Abatis------------------ --- - - -- - - - - - - - -- - --- ---142
331
Abutments------------------------------------33
78
Anchorages- -----------------------------------78
168
Antlmechanized defense------- ----- -------- --- 139-146
324
Antitank ditches_______________ ________ __ _______
143
332
Antitank mines-- ------------------ -- ----------140
326
Approaches---------------------- --- -- ---------33
78
Barriers----------------- --------------- - -- -- - 139-146
Bendlngmoment________________________________
35
Bivouacs - ------ - -------------- --'--------------15
Bituminous road materials------- ~ - - --- - -- -- -- - -31
Block and tackle---------------------------- --- 81
Boats, assault____________________ _______________
54
Breaching---------~
-------------------134-135
Bridge_______________________________ _________ __ 32-45
32
Capacities________________ __ ______ __ ___ _____
Data, general (see also ch. 4) ----------------
32
Design criteria_______________ __ __ __ _____ ____ 34,35
Foundations_ ____________________ ___ ___ _____
33
Loads:
Allowable ---------------- - ----- - ---- - -
45
Dead_---------------_____ ______________
,37
32
Typical and critical__ ___ _________ __ ___ __
R econnaissance------ -------- - - - -- ---------
44
Shear------- ------________ _______ __________
39
Bridges----------------------- ----- - 47,48
46-54
F oot ______________________---------_______ __________
Ponton------------------------------------
49
51
Portable -------------------- ------- ----- _
Spar_____________
_____ __ ____ __
_____ _______
52
46
Suspension________________ _____ __ __________
Trestle-------------- -- --------------------
50
51
Truss -------------------------- -----------
Camouftage ----- ------------------ --- - -- - ---- 111-128
Airdromes and airplanes___ __ _____ _______ ____
128
Antitank guns----- --------------------- --
124
Batteries :
126
Antiaircraft -------------------------- -
Artillery ---- ------------------ --------
125
Bivouacs
----------------------------------
118
Buildings___________
_________________ ____ __ _ 117
Dumps------------- --- - - --- ---- --- -- - - ----
119
~chine guns_________________ ____ __________
122
!4ortars
-------------------------------- - -
123
121
Observation
posts_ ____ _______ __ _____________
115
Railways ---------- ----------------- - --- -- -
Roads---- ------ ------------ ---- --- - -------
114
Telephone and telegraph lines------ - - - -----
116
Trucks and tanks___________________________
120
16
Camps- ---------------- ----- --- ---- -- ---------
Caps-- ---------------------- ------------- -----
40
Chemicals---------------------- --- ---- -- - -----
146
Concrete-------------------------------------- 83-87
Construction-------- -------- --- ------ ----- 85-87
!lixes________________ ______ ______ ____ _____ _
84
Quantities ------ ----- - --- - ----------------
85
282736 -41--24
365
324
82
25
58
170
115
314
73
73
73
81
78
95
88
73
93
90
97
98,101
103
112
113
97
109
112
282
303
299
303
299
296
296
297
297
299
297
296
294
296
297
26
90
337
186
189
186
189
INDEX
Construction:
~~!:~
-----------------------------------
INDEX
ParagraphS Pages
~~~[t~f:=~~~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::
61
62
138
139
gg
~~~
Reconnaissance data
Semipermanent camp;:::::::::::::::::::
Standard buildings______________ ___ _____
a erlng________________________ _______ _____ ___
57
58
58
136
125
126
126
318
Decontamination____
_------- ----- - - ------------Demolition :
146
337
134
314
314
314
313
314
311
322
170
Cr :t
~~~~~~~~==-----------
--------------
~~~~~;,~~~~~~~~~~~~iiiiiiii~i~:~:~~~~ !!!
137
Electrical firing__________________
Electrical Wirln
--------------
130
~~~~~k~f~-~g~;e~;:::::::::::===================
8~
Elec~~~~=~~~~:~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 73-!~
Emplacements--------------------------------- 103-110
Engineer units:
Camouflage battalion :
~:r~_::::::::::::::====================
Combat battalion:
Armored---------------------------__
Triangular
division________________ : __ -Combat regiment:
-
Corps----------------------------------Square division____________ ___
Depot company_________ __________::::::::::
Dump truck company_____________ ___ ______
General service regiment_______________
Ponton-----Battalion, heavy________________________
Company, light_________________________
Railway battalion:
5 , 10
366
3, 15
3,15
5,7
5, 6
3,6
3,5
5,9
5, 6
5,14
5, 14
3,10
3,5
3,21
3,21
3, 10
5 9
'
5, 11
5, 11
:?E~~a~~~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~:~~
Regiment, aviation__________________________
BEiparate battalion__________________________
~hop company, mobile_______________________
quadran___________________________________
Topographic battalion:
Army---------------------------------OIIQ_________________________________
Topographic company (corps) _____________::
Water supply battalion__________________ ____
306
162
159
160
159
249
5, 9
5, 9
5, 14
5,8
5, 13
5,13
5,13
5, 14
3 , 15
3,15
3,17
3,17
3,10
3,10
3,21
3,6
3,21
3,21
3,21
3,21
Paragraphs Pages
305
Explosives and demolitions____________________ 129-138
305
Characteristics__________________ ____ _____ ___
129
Properties--------------------- - ----------
129
305
Ferries ------------- _____ ___ --- __--- __ ----- 54
Flow of water (see also ch. 4) --- - ------------- 68, 69, 71
115
147,
149, 156
Footbridge:
~~
101
98
78
115
193
193, 195
78
80
170
~apok
-------------------------------------
~~~~n~~-=::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
Gin pole_-------------------- _____________ - ----
48
47
170
147, 156
53
77
18
20
115
162
29
31
F(nots------------- -------~---------------------
81
170
81
170
Mine fields---------------- --- - --- ---- - --------Mines_________ --------------------- __ ---- -~- --Mission of engineer&..--------- - --- -- - ---- -------
140
140
326
326
224, 324
36
Piers -----------------------------------------Piles--------------------------------- ---------Pipes -----------------------------------------Post obstacles-----------------------------~---Posts--------------- - ------------- -------------Pumps ------------------------------------.- ---Rafts--------------------------------- - --------Railways:
Camouflage_________________________________
Data, general (see also ch. 4) --- -------------Reconnaissance----------- - ----------------Reconnaissance:
Bridge--- - ------- - --- -------- -- --- - -------ElectricaL---- - ----------------------------Engineer, generaL-------------------------Instructions - - --------------- - --- - ---------RaHway------------------------ - -----------
Road-----------------------------------~---
367
43
42
71
144
41
66
93
92
156
334
90
145
54
115
115
56
296
118
55
118
44
76
20
19
93
161
31
29
26
93
67
51
208
145
55
118
INDEX
Paragraphs Pages
Rigging---------------- - ----- ---------------- - 78-82
Roads :
Cantoufiage_______________ _______ _________ __
114
Capacity --- ------- - ----------------- ------23
Construction - -----------------------------27
Cross sections_________ _________ ____ _________
30
Culvert sizes_____ ____________ _____ __ ________
29
Data, generaL _____________________________ _
31
Design requirements_________________________
24
Maintenance, organization for_ _________ _____
28
Reconnaissance- ---------------------------26
Tables______________________________________
31
Trame signs____ _____ _____ ___ ___________ ____
25
Rope------------- - ------------------- ---------81
168
294
50
51
54
53
58
50
52
51
58
50
170
249
249
90
34
170
170
89
83
28
223
200
219
211
201
208
212
207
186
368
141
152
140
140
158
141
145
147, 149
224, 228
228
228
330
162
369