A Case where we have only one independent variable, one

dependent variable and one mediating variable

Special thanks to my respected teachers, Dr.Muhammad Ilyas, Mam Shazia Kusar PhD.
Candidate (Superior University Lahore Pakistan).

Mediation between independent and dependent variables:

First of all I would like to define what is mediating variable.in simple words mediating variable
works like a bridge between two or more than two variables. Mediation is a hypothesized causal
chain in which one variable affects a second variable that, in turn, affects a third variable .Like
we think that teachers degree positively affect students satisfaction, obvious if teachers are
highly qualified then student will be satisfied ,but on the other hand we think student satisfaction
also dependent on student care.it is possible may be students are not satisfied with the teachers
degree but they are satisfy with the care of teacher (S.C) , so here we will consider students care
as mediating variable and we shall see either student care mediate relation between degree and
student satisfaction or not.
We divide mediation into two main kinds, partial mediation and full mediation. Following is chart
which is showing that we are taking in example three variables as independent, mediating and
dependent variable.

indipendent
variabel
Degree

medeating
variabel

dependent
variable

student care

student
satisfaction

Muhammad Saeed Aas Meo , Superior University Pak

Now hypothesis will be like this:

1. HI: Teachers degree effects student satisfaction
2. HI: Student care meditates the relationship between teachers degree and student
satisfaction.
Step one
In first step first we will check either mediation exists or not between projected variables
and then in next step we will differentiate partial mediation and complete or full
mediation. Following is the way of checking mediation. AS we have three total variables
so we shall run three time regression and if we shall find significant relationship among
variables then we shall conclude that there is mediation exist.
Run regression (take teachers degree as independent variable while student care as
dependent variable
Degree--------------------------------------- Student care (significant relationship)
Run again regression but this time take student care as independent variable and student
satisfaction dependent variable.
Student Care------------------------------- student satisfaction (Significant
relationship)
Again run regression now degree independent variable and student satisfaction as
dependent variable.
Degree-------------------------------------- student satisfaction (significant relationship)
D-------S.C
S.C------S.S
D--------- S.C
If all three regression results produce significant relationship then we call it there is
mediation among variables ,if regression results dont produce significant results
then we can say mediation doesnt exist (although this is not always true; see
MacKinnon, Fairchild, & Fritz, 2007)

Or more concise if independent variable and mediating variable affect dependent

variable significantly then we can say there is mediation among proposed variables
.
Here we assume that I have run regression and following are results of regression and all
variable are affecting dependent variable significantly. Here see degree affecting Student
care and Student care Affecting Student satisfaction, while degree directly also affecting
Student satisfaction , /so above condition fulfill that is all the regression results are
significant or independent and mediating variables are significant associate with dependent
variable so we can that say there is mediation among variables.

Degree

S.C

S.S

Muhammad Saeed Aas Meo , Superior University Pak

Now next step is partial mediation exists or fully mediation exists.

The following diagram conforming partial mediation because of degree directly and
significantly affecting student satisfaction. While student care also affecting student
satisfaction so here you can conclude, in simple words, you can say all the effect of
independent variable is not going toward dependent variable through mediating variable.
If you will quiet the or drop mediating variable , in this case still relationship will be exist
but speed or you can say strength of relationship may slow because mediating variable
also effecting dependent variable and was significantly associate with independent
variable. Whereas in full mediation if you drop mediating variable ,relationship between
dependent and independent also become zero, the reason is that in full mediation
independent variable directly not affect dependent variable ,but through mediating
variable so when you will quit mediating variable automatically bridge will demolish and
link drop.

Partial mediation
If dependent variable and mediating variable significant affect dependent variables then
we call it partial mediation. Here following we have two graphical examples.
Consider a variable Degree that is assumed to cause another variable S.Satisfaction. The variable
Degree is called the causal variable and the variable that it causes or S. Satisfaction is called the
outcome. In diagrammatic form, the unmediated model is. Path c in the above model is called
the total effect.

Degree

Satisfaction

The effect of Degree on S.Satisfaction may be mediated by a process or mediating

variable Student care , and the variable Degree may still affect S.Satisfaction. The
mediated model is
Student care

Degree

Satisfaction

(These two diagrams are essential to the understanding of this page. Please
study them carefully!) Path c' is called the direct effect. The mediator has been
called an intervening or process variable. Complete mediation is the case in
Muhammad Saeed Aas Meo , Superior University Pak

which variable Degree no longer affects S.Satisfaction after student care has
been controlled and so path c' is zero( means without student care or mediating
variable no relationship between independent and depend variables thats why
we call it full mediation ). Partial mediation is the case in which the path from
Degree to S.Satisfaction is reduced in absolute size but is still different from zero
when the mediator is introduced.

Significant
relationship
Degree

Student satisfaction
Student care

Significant relationship

Partial mediation = direct +indirect effect on dependent variable.

DV

IV

MV

Muhammad Saeed Aas Meo , Superior University Pak

Full mediation
Maximum evidence for mediation, also called full mediation, would occur if inclusion of the
mediation variable drops the relationship between the independent variable and dependent
variable.
Complete mediation is the case in which variable Degree no longer affects S.Satisfaction
after student care has been controlled and so path c' is zero( means without student care
or mediating variable no relationship between independent and depend variables thats
why we call it full mediation ) (David A. Kenny
November 12, 2015).again in complete mediation mediating variable is necessary to build
link between two variables and if we quit mediating variable then association will be zero
between dependent and independent variables.
Here In the following screenshot degree (I.V) directly not affecting student satisfaction
(D.V), while degree significantly associates with student care (M.V) and student care
significantly associate with student satisfaction.So here we can conclude that if we quiet
mediating variable between independent and dependent then relationship will be zero and
but if we include mediating variable then independent variable effect will go through
mediating variable toward dependent variable.
Degree significantly
associate with S.C

S.C significantly
associate with S.S

Insignificant
relationship
Best of luck in next exercise Ill show you how to deal if we have more than two independent variables
and more than one mediating variables and more than one dependent variable. And soon ill upload
video of mediation.

Muhammad Saeed Aas Meo , Superior University Pak