Section 1 Multiple Choice

20 Marks
Allow about 35 minutes for this part
Use the multiple-choice answer sheet for Questions 1- 10

1. Which of the following is most likely to undergo beta decay?

a) Fluorine-19
b) Sodium-24
c) Uranium-238
d) Technetium-99
2. Which of the following is most likely to undergo beta decay?
a) Fluorine-19
b) Sodium-24
c) Uranium-238
d) Technetium-99
3. Which of the following is most likely to undergo beta decay?
a) Fluorine-19
b) Sodium-24
c) Uranium-238
d) Technetium-99
4. Which of the following is most likely to undergo beta decay?
a) Fluorine-19
b) Sodium-24
c) Uranium-238
d) Technetium-99
5. Which of the following is most likely to undergo beta decay?
a) Fluorine-19
b) Sodium-24
c) Uranium-238

d) Technetium-99

6. Which of the following is most likely to undergo beta decay?

a) Fluorine-19
b) Sodium-24
c) Uranium-238
d) Technetium-99

7. Which of the following is most likely to undergo beta decay?

a) Fluorine-19
b) Sodium-24
c) Uranium-238
d) Technetium-99

8. Which of the following instruments is not primarily used for the detection of radiation?
a) Photographic film
b) Geiger counter
c) Cloud chamber
d) Synchrotron

9. Which of the following is a core component of nuclear reactors?

a) Strong magnetic fields
b) AC power source
c) Nuclear rods
d) Increasing length of rods

10. Unidentified elements have the following half lives. Which of them is most suitable for
use in medical diagnosis?
a) 4.5 billion years
b) 66 hours
c) 6 hours
d) 41.3 years

11. Which set contains only stable nuclei?

a)

2
1

12

b)

16
8

12
O 39
19 K 6C

c)

65
30

Zn 8O

d)

14
6

C 8O 1 H

H 6C

238
92

18

16

238
92

Mg

12. Which of the following is most likely to undergo beta decay?

a) Fluorine-19
b) Sodium-24
c) Uranium-238
d) Technetium-99

13. Which of the following is most likely to undergo beta decay?

a) Fluorine-19
b) Sodium-24
c) Uranium-238
d) Technetium-99

14. Which of the following instruments is not primarily used for the detection of radiation?
a) Photographic film
b) Geiger counter
c) Cloud chamber
d) Synchrotron

15. Which of the following is a core component of nuclear reactors?

a) Strong magnetic fields
b) AC power source
c) Nuclear rods
d) Increasing length of rods

16. Unidentified elements have the following half lives. Which of them is most suitable for
use in medical diagnosis?
a) 4.5 billion years
b) 66 hours
c) 6 hours
d) 41.3 years

17. Which of the following is most likely to undergo beta decay?

a) Fluorine-19
b) Sodium-24
c) Uranium-238
d) Technetium-99

18. Which of the following is most likely to undergo beta decay?

a) Fluorine-19
b) Sodium-24
c) Uranium-238
d) Technetium-99

19. Which of the following instruments is not primarily used for the detection of radiation?
a) Photographic film
b) Geiger counter
c) Cloud chamber
d) Synchrotron

20. Which of the following is a core component of nuclear reactors?

a) Strong magnetic fields
b) AC power source
c) Nuclear rods
d) Increasing length of rods

Section 2
50 Marks
Allow about 1 hour and 25 minutes for this part
Answer the relevant questions in the spaces provided.
Question 21 (5 Marks)
a) Draw the chemical structure of ethylene, showing all atoms and relevant bonds.

b) Justify the use of ethylene as starting block for the petrochemical industry, giving chemical
equations. Give examples of the products derived from ethylene.
4

Question 22 (6 Marks)
a) Identify the need to crack certain hydrocarbons. Give examples of the cracking process
with required conditions and chemical (structural) equations, if necessary.

b) The dehydration of ethanol occurs in the presence of concentrated H2SO4 (l). Give a
chemical equation for this reaction and identify the need this hygroscopic (water absorbent)
catalyst.
2

Question 8 (11 Marks)

a) During the duration of learning Production of Materials, you have undertaken an
experiment to distinguish saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Identify what this
means, and its relevance.

b) Outline the experiment.

c) The experiment was done in a dark room (or the test tubes were foiled), in the absence of
UV light.
In reference to this statement, and other aspects, discuss the validity and reliability of this
experiment.

d) Draw out the chemical structure of bromine, and bromine water. Discuss the differences
and explain the solubility of bromine and bromine water.
2

e) When liquid bromine is added to water, a chemical equilibrium is established with

hypobromous and hydrobromous acids. Give a chemical reaction indicating this
equilibrium.

f) The equilibrium above favours the H2O/Br2 The reaction of hydrobromous acid with
cyclohexane leaves a very dull yellow colour. However, the reaction with bromine liquid
renders cyclohexane quite colourless. In terms of the equilibrium above
1

Question 9 (4 Marks)
a) During the duration of the HSC chemistry course, you have studied a newly discovered
element. (Assume in the past decade). Name the element
1

b) Who was the one who came to discover this element?

c) Identify the scientific apparatus which this element was created, and give reasons for so. 2

Question 10 (5 Marks)
a) Name an instrument used to detect radiation

b) Explain how this instrument detects radiation. Include diagrams where necessary.

Question 11 (5 Marks)
Discuss the production of transuranic elements within nuclear reactors and particle
accelerators. Justify the use of these two different apparatus.

Question 12 (3 Marks)
Explain how a linear particle accelerator works, and explain the need for particle
accelerator tubes that are increasing in length as seen in the diagram:

Question 13 (3 Marks)
Technetium-99m (half life of 6 hours) is a radioisotope commonly used for medicinal
purposes. Relate its nuclear and chemical properties to its medical uses. Give examples 3

END OF EXAM