THE GLOBE

November - December 2015

Student Writings from the
International English Institute

WRITING TWO
My Dream Job

King Abdullah Al Saud

By: Elaf Tayeb (Saudi Arabia)

By: Yusuf Khoja (Saudi Arabia)

My dream job is an interior designer. I want to

study this department at university. I like to design
because I put all my feelings into the house and place. I
hope to study interior design as I want to make a good
environment. I want my children to be proud of me. I will
design all houses in my country due to the fact I want to
make a lot of money. I love to work with myself because
I want to keep my salary. In conclusion, I hope to travel
with my family and spend my salary on Hawaii island.

King Abdullah Al Saud took power on August 2,

2005, and continued ruling for ten years. His most
important achievements were construction of five
hundred housing units costing 250 billion riyals. He
recruited thousands in the military and helped establish
the interior ministry. It has about twenty-seven projects.
January 23, 2015, was a very sad day after we heard
the news of his death.

Lost Gift

My Dream Job

By: Ali Alshwikh (Saudi Arabia)

By: Fahad Alsaedi (Saudi Arabia)

Its nice to have a priceless gift. I got it from my

father. He gave me his ring a year ago. I had it here in
the USA. One day last month, I went home and I noticed
I was missing the ring. I thought I lost it here in school,
but I looked for it at home and I couldnt find it. After that,
I went to school and asked Adia if she got any ring but
sadly she did not. I was very sad because I loved that
ring. I wish I could find it one day.

My dream job is being an electrical engineer,

because I like math. Every day, I plan the work. I work
at SABIC. The boss teaches me and I get experience.
The most important thing is success. Then, I will make
a lot of money.

My Dream Job
By: Esperanza Alvarado (Guatemala)
I like veterinarians because I want to help
animals and people and because helping them with their
animals makes them happy. This is because their
animals are their life. I want this job because I want to
help animals and give them food or medicine. I dont
work now; maybe after I finish school or university, I will
work with my father or other people. I dont make money
now; maybe later I will make $120.00 dollars on my
farm. In conclusion, I love the animals. They are
beautiful.
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WRITING THREE
My Good Friend
By: Hector Alvarez-Ruiz (Mexico)
My best friend lives in Nashville. When I first saw him at the gym, I thought, "He looks like a nice
person." He told me, "You need to use this machine a little differently because it is better this way." I remember
we worked out together with machines. Now, we go to the gym together four days a week. Also, my friend likes
many sports, the same as me. Sometimes we play PlayStation, but he likes playing soccer better. We always go
play soccer together, and then go shopping at Opry Mills Mall. His name is Juan, and he is from my country,
Mexico. He has lived in the United States for many years. He speaks English and Spanish very well because he
went to university in Nashville.

How to Be a Good Friend

By: Abdlalah Filfilan (Saudi Arabia)
The topic of 'how to be a good friend' is very important for life, and it is also very complicated. The first
reason is we don't make many good friends in life. For example, how many people understand you, even if you
do right or wrong things? There are not enough people like this. Second, to be a good friend, I must try my best
to improve and to be more polite. For example, if someone thinks I am bad, or does bad deeds towards me, I
shouldn't do bad deeds towards him. Third, I should say good adjectives about people, and not do evil actions.
For example, I am only one person, but if I do good things and good works, after a lot of time, I will see the life is
different. But you can't fight all the evils on the planet. Fourth, I want people to like or love me. So, I try to keep
good deeds from other people in my heart, and avoid bad deeds by other people. For example, I try to spend
time with good people and imitate their actions, or I read stories about good people and I try to imitate their
works. After that, step by step, I can improve myself.

Other Country
By: R.A. (Saudi Arabia)
Yes, I think it is important to be adventurous in life. When I go to other places, it is important for my life
and it is an adventurous experience. For example, after I came to the U.S.A., I am in a different country and
house. First, it is a big country. It is crowded, and it has a lot of cars. It has big cars, and fast cars on the
highways. It has many malls. Now, I like it because I have some friends. Second, I have a small house. It has a
small backyard, a small kitchen, and an average living room. It has two bedrooms. The rent is expensive. My
house is important, because I spend all my time in this place. Finally, it was important for me to be adventurous in
my life, and move to the U.S.A., because my husband studies at T.S.U. University.

Born in a Small Town

By: Ibraheem Alalwan (Saudi Arabia)
Yes, I think living in a big city is better because it has more services. For example, it has transportation,
more schools, and more hospitals. It has a lot of places because the visitors need more activities to do, like parks
and churches. A big city has more cultures. It is safer than the small town. Also, it has different people. For
example, I talk with other people because I can make more friends in a big city. A big city has big buildings. I think
a big city has special entertainment because it has parks, malls, and movie theatres. Also, it is clean, but a small
town is dirty. For example, a small town has more pollution. I like big cities because I was born in a small town,
but now I want to live in a big city. In a big city, there are more beautiful places. A small town is very crowded, but
a big city has big streets. For example, when you need to order a meal in the restaurant in a small town, there is a
long line, but a big city is very different. Finally, a big city is very good and it has beautiful places. I like living in a
big city because I am more comfortable.
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Agree or Disagree
By: Suelma Santos (Brazil)
I agree living in a small town is better than living in a big city. First, big cities have more traffic. Most of the time,
we have to drive our cars to get something. But, in a small town, sometimes you don't have to do drive all the
time. For example, you can walk to the supermarket. I think small cities are calmer. People are less stressed.
Living in a big city is more expensive than living in a small town. Some people like big city life, but I don't.

Living in a Big City

By: Ali Alhendas (Saudi Arabia)
I agree that living in a big city is better because it has more services, like schools and everything. Also,
you can get more friends from many different countries. Also, if you need help, you have friends in a big city and
they can help you. Also, if you need to go shopping, you can go shopping in a big city because it has more malls.
Finally, if you want to have a good life, live in a big city because you will have more fun.

My Best Gift
By: Fahad Alalawi (Saudi Arabia)
My father gave me a phone, also my mother gave me more things because it was a holiday. My friend
also gave me a watch on a holiday. Everyone in my country is happy when they can give presents to their family,
friends, and children. Also, my family gives me a lot of presents on my birthday. Im happy on holidays and on
my birthday. On my last birthday, my mother wanted to buy me a gift, so she told me to choose anything because
she didnt know. She didnt buy what I wanted but I didnt say anything because she was so happy.

Be Adventurous in Life
By: Abdulelah Albleihed (Saudi Arabia)
It is important to be adventurous life. I agree because sometimes you need to try some things in life like
places, food, and anything. I think all the people need to try new things. I think if someone doesnt try a new thing,
they will feel bored. Sometimes when I have a vacation, I visit a new place. I see something new. I learn about the
new city or place. I find out about what they have in this place, or the differences between a new city and my city.
I want to see new people, and talk with them. Sometimes I try a new food. I should eat some food that is different
from my country. Finally, you should try some new things in your life because the life is big, and you cant know
everything the life offers. Everyone should go visit a new place or try something new in your life. The life is
different, and you need to know that.

Delicious Sweet
By: Amal Alharbi (Saudi Arabia)
I want to teach you how to make a delicious sweet. First, you need a knife, a spoon, a bowl, a cutting
board, and aluminum foil. For the ingredients, you need cookies, sugar, powdered chocolate, and whipped cream.
First, break the cookies. Then, put 3 spoons of sugar. Also, put whipped cream and one spoon of powdered
chocolate. Then, mix in the bowl. After that, cut the aluminum foil into rectangles. Then put the dough in the
aluminum foil rectangles. Finally, put them in the freezer, maybe for 40 minutes. My advice is you should eat this
sweet with Arabic coffee.

About Crazy Weather

By: Khalid Alruwaili (Saudi Arabia)
When I was in my house, my friends called me. Then they said, Come with us to play soccer. After that,
I said, Yes, I will come. And on this day, the weather was so beautiful. Next, we went to the place where we can
play soccer. After that, we started the game. Then in the middle, my friend saw the dust storms coming. And we
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didnt listen to him. After that, he went to the top of the building, and he said, Guys, look at the sky! And we
looked there. Next, we went to my car. Finally, we went to my home and we stayed inside.

Playstation
By: Ali Imece (Turkey)
My best gift was a Playstation many years ago. When I was a child, my friend bought a Playstation, and
after that I called my father. I said to him, Father, I want a Playstation. My father answered, What is that? My
father did not know what a Playstation was, and he said he will not buy it. I began to cry. I went to bed. I dreamed.
When I was sleeping, my father watched me. I was saying, Playstation, playstation. The next day, we went
together to the store and we bought a Playstation. It is the color black. Its very expensive. It has a box stand for
watching a movie. It is made out of metal or rubber. It has two consoles and a cd player for games. We bought it
maybe 13 years ago.

Homework
By: N.A. (Saudi Arabia)
I believe homework helps me to develop myself to get better
because it makes me study more and understand a lot. First,
homework assists the students in exams. For example, when I do all
my homework, I will pass the level. Also, homework gives me a lot of
information and pushes me up. If I do all my homework, the teacher
will know I understood what he or she said in class. Also, homework
will make me faster than other students during exams. The teacher
can know who is the best when they see students homework.

WRITING FOUR
University and School
By: Adhwaa Aalruthea (Saudi Arabia)
Both university and school both of them are places for education. A school is an institution designed to
allow and encourage students to learn, under the supervision of teachers. Most countries have systems of formal
education. A university is an institution of higher education to search about academic degree in a variety of
subjects. The differences between university and school are size, schedule, and time management.
First, both school and university are places for education. However, there are many differences between
them. University is bigger than school. For example, my secondary school was small which leads students to find
each other easier and in my school there is one building that all students can study and sit unlike my university,
which was huge, and there are many building that are far away from each other. Therefore, in my school the
students could be able to know everyone in school such as students and teachers unlike my university that have
a lot of teachers and students.
Second, university and school have many differences between the schedules. In illustration, at school the
teachers make one schedule for each level unlike university that has one schedule for each student.
Third, time management is arranged and managed for the students in school unlike university that
students management themselves for class hour. For example, when I studied at university, the time very
important because I had to move between classes. However, if I did not arrive earlier that could make me late or
absent.
Finally, there are many differences between university and school including size, schedule, and time
management but both of them are places for education. My point of view is both of them are lead students to
improve and have good knowledge.
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Thanksgiving
By: Faisal Alanazi (Saudi Arabia)
Each year, we celebrate a big party, which is Thanksgiving. At the end of November, comes.
Thanksgiving Holiday big activates. Some people are going to meet, eat, shop and take picture with Santa Clause.
Also some people do all this in one day.
First of all, IEI will celebrate with us by doing some activities next Wednesday. They will meet with all
students in the church.
Furthermore, I didnt have experience in Thanksgiving Holiday. I think, it will be great time to join with IEI and
I know more about this event. I want to eat turkey because many people in U.S.A eat it in Thanksgiving. It will be
a special time. In the evening, I will have dinner with my friends. We will eat turkey.
Also, It is a big sale. It comes at the end of Thanksgiving. All malls and stores will be busy. I will go
shopping with my family. I will buy clothes for us and gifts for our family in Saudi Arabia. It is a great chance to
buy at sale time and save money.
Next, I will take pictures to keep my time interesting, I will take pictures for my daughter and me because
she loves to have a picture with Santa Clause.
In summary, Thanksgiving is the most interesting time of the year. I like Thanksgiving because it gives
me a long vacation. I can do any thing. In conclusion I should see my old friends and I sit with my mother and my
father. We can go anywhere together.

Universities in My Country and in The U.S.

By: Ali Almousa (Saudi Arabia)
Universities in my country have many functions. However, universities in the U.S. have different functions.
There are many differences between universities in the U.S. and my country, including music classes, study and
take classes.
The universities in my country dont have music classes. I think the reason is nobody cares about this
class. They have sport classes like soccer class. The people of my country care about soccer sports. I hate
soccer class because when I was in elementary school, someone hit me by soccer ball. Then I havent played
soccer since I was in elementary school. In addition, men and women study separate. In my country it isnt
allowed for the different genders to stay together. So, we cant study together. Students of different genders take
classes separately in the university. We have separate buildings in the same university. One building has
students, employees and teachers of men and another building has women.
One the other hand, universities in U.S. have different things. They have music classes. Its kind of fun
and music classes are important for everyone to learn and know what is music and many kinds. Its needed in
anthem and parties. I hope to take music classes because I am interested to learn and know how to use it. In
addition, students can study together in university and outside. Its good to make a group of students that has
different genders and doing homework together. Also, they take classes together. Its good to make friends of
different nationality and look at them who care about study.
In summary, universities in my country have some functions more different than universities in the U.S.
including, music classes, study and take classes. We should take music classes to learn.

Thanksgiving
By: Ariadna Iglesias (Cuba)
Every year, the fourth Thursday in November is the national holiday in United States. Thanksgiving is the
name for this date. Thanksgiving Holiday is the most important celebration because is a special time for family, is
popular for food, and provides a time for thankfulness.
First, is a special time for family. All the family plan to be together. Sometimes they travel a large distance
for congregation with the other family. The traffic is heavy, the airport is full, and a ticket is expensive but the
people like to pay because the meeting is priceless. It is the moment when the family tells stories of generations,
and the new generation knows the past. For example, I know a family that two years ago in Thanksgiving the
grandfather talked about the ancestors, the possession, and amazing stories to never forget. The attendance the
event was 100 people. When the day finished, all the family were very excited. Grandfather died ten days after
Thanksgiving. He was 99 years old but the family is grateful for his life, and the moment in this date.
In addition, Thanksgiving Holiday is very popular for food. Around the date many people are busy
because they do volunteer cooking in different places including restaurant, Rescue Missions, hospitals, churches,
and others. It is the opportunity for the poor people to eat good food. On the other hand, the offers are good at the
supermarket. You can buy a lot food for a good price. There are turkey, gravy, mashed potatoes, bread, and the
dessert is pumpkin pie. One person rarely makes the food. Usually the family distributed the activities to prepare
the food. It is easier, not stress, and enjoy the moment. Moreover, the food is an important part of Thanksgiving
because all the family sits down around the table together, the food is ready and the father prays, and during the
celebration everybody speaks a lot.
Finally, Thanksgiving provides a time for the thankfulness. Thank you is a conversational expression of
gratitude. It is the moment when the thankfulness heart said thank you, for the family, for the work, for a
relationship, for a country, for the bad experience because it is the opportunity to learn more. Day by day God is
amazing, and gives us many blessings.
In conclusion, Thanksgiving Holiday is a big celebration, family together, delicious food and different
thankfulness that the family will never forget. I love this Holiday!

Parenting
By: Rasha Shafi (Saudi Arabia)
Parents are blessings from God in life .The parents help the children to develop and achieve their goal.
Parents should have a foundation of love where they watch after their children, spend money and provide
education.
First, the parents spend a long time to watch after their children .The children pass numerous stages of
growth from birth to teenager stage .In all these stages, the parents care, watch and protect them from harmful
thing for children .For example, when their child got sick, the parent stayed up until s/he became better.
Next, the parents spend all they possess of money on their children .The parents always provide a good
environment for their children .The parents spend on their children for the basic needs of life such as, food, drink
and clothing. Education is always crucial for parents and the parents are willing to pay whatever it costs to provide
the best education for their children.
Also, the parents have a difficult mission to raise their child to good morals and manners.
The children always admire their parents .The most important of morals and manners are honesty, helping other
people, respecting old people and kindness for younger people.
Last, the parents have given their children the best education and environment and spend a long time
watching after their children .The children should take care for their parents for what they have done for you.

Parenting
By: Mukhlisa Shamansurova (Uzbekistan)
Parenting is the hardest part of life because fostering personality needs a long time. Parents should have
different abilities which are teaching, listening, and giving advice. Also, parents should know how to use these
abilities together.
First of all, new couples think raising a child is not hard. After becoming parents, they can change their
standpoint because the first days of a childs life, they need care, extra attention, and love. Anytime and any
situation parents should be ready to choose the right way and position for their child. For example: Parents
always have a problem with their energy, most of the time not enough sleep, tiredness, very noisy and messy
house. No matter what, they should make their child happy, even when it is difficult for them.
Second, happy kids can make their parents life colorful and beautiful. Even when they are tired or upset
a child could take away parents tiredness. Kids always want to learn and play. Parents must play with kids, and
by this way, teach them how to think fast and be polite during playing games.
In addition, kids are very sensitive. Parents should pay attention and treat them with an attitude of love so
they dont hurt their feelings. Dont make kids upset or chicken-hearted.
In summary, parents have different abilities they should use their abilities if they want to foster a good
personality. Be patient all the time, love your family and be lovely.

Forgetting My Birthday
By: Gabriel Ferrada Chavez (Chile)
Every one of us usually waits for our birthday. Our family and our good friends at least give to us a hug
and wish to us a long and healthy life in your birthday. When my family forgot my birthday, many things happened
in the first moment they were shy, continuing with an embarrassing moment and ending in a happy family
moment. I mean happy end.
The shy moment started when I came to my home and their face had a vivid feeling of guilt. They didnt
say anything yet because the shy moments were followed by embarrassment and they tried to find the right words
to express their mistake.
After that, the family prepared the table and something to eat. WE had dinner and my wife called one of
our friends to share that moment. One mistake cant break those moments.
Finally I never feel bothered about this mistake and give them an opportunity to express anything they
feel, like telling me best wishes, singing happy birthday and spontaneously, we hugged together. We laughed
afterwards speaking about that moment.
Moments like this birthday, no matter if someone in your family forgot this day, are moments that
everyone needs to share with their family, their sons, or their wives because they are a better excuse to share, to
smile, to laugh and show each other how much you love them.

Sleep Deprivation
By: Sarah Alkhatam (Saudi Arabia)
Sleep deprivation can lead to higher risk of chronic health problems like ugh blood pressure, heart
disease, and stroke. According to Harvard Medical School, for people with hypertension, one night without
enough sleep can cause elevated blood pressure all throughout the next day. Effects of not getting enough sleep
are so dangerous because they lead to a lot of wrong things, and they make problems for your body. There are
three different effects: personality, environmental peril, and psychological effects.
First, if anyone doesnt get enough sleep, that leads to a lot of problems. You cant do anything at school
or anywhere because you dont have active feeling and dont achieve your goals. If you dont take enough sleep
every day. For example, when I study something, I couldnt study more because I had lack of sleep and made me
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indolent. Also, I didn't understand about everything such as math or anything else. I got bad grades at school.
Thats so troublesome for me.
Secondly, people think they can judge the precise time they are too tired and dont realize that drowsy
driving is serious danger. They dont know that its possible to fall into three to four second micro-sleep without
realizing it. For instance, if you go out and drive a car, you may feel very tired an sleepy during driving. jAs a
result, that causes car accidents ore careless driving and the rate of car accidents cause d by lack of sleep are
more than drinking alcohol.
Third, there is a relationship between lack of sleep and having depression and a person who has
depressing problem with suffer from sleeplessness because depression can contribute to sleep disorder and
difficult to sleep. Having this problem in a long period leads to sleeplessness.
In conclusion, most of us know about what happened for our body and the efficiency of our performance.
Sleeplessness will effect negative in those, but some people dont care about that. So, if you want your heart to
be at its best, you should work out, watch what you eat, and keep up with your medical care, but theres
something else to put on your list. Its sleep. It matters a lot to your heart.

Lack of Sleep
By: Mashael Alsubaie (Saudi Arabia)
Most of us know that getting a good night sleep is important. If we dont sleep enough, that has many
effects. Being nervous, not focusing on the way and causing accidents, and not doing well in the exam are three
effects when we dont get enough sleep.
Sleep helps our mind and body to be comfortable, not feel nervous or angry. We cant control our action
when we feel sleepy. Sleep is necessary for our reaction.
If you dont get enough sleep, you cant drive a care carefully. You don't have the energy to focus on the
way. You may make car accidents. Enough sleep is necessary to focus.
Imagine if anyone has final exams and they dont get enough sleep. They will not do well in these exams
because their brain doesnt work. Their brain needs sleep to work. So, you should get enough sleep to do well in
your exam.
Our body and brain need enough sleep to do daily tasks. Being nervous, not focusing on the way and
causing accidents, and not doing well on the exam are some effects when we dont get enough sleep.

What is Success?
By: Abdulaziz Almohaimeed (Saudi Arabia)
In my opinion all people like this word because when I saw this word in the vocabulary book to know the
meaning, I saw it means to win and I think success means the person who is good with his God, with his family
and with his job.
The first meaning for success is the person who is good with God. What I mean is the person does
everything that God tells him to do. When you are this person, you should feel comfortable and happy.
The second meaning is the person who is good with his family. I think a lot of people like to have family
and they want family to be well every time. If you need a family and your family feels very well, you must take care
for your children and your wife and work very hard to make them the best family in the world. If you do that, you
will have success.
Finally, the person who is good with his job. A lot of people need a job to help them in their lives. The job
gives you money, so if you work hard, you can make good money and the money helps you to be successful.
Three things will make you successful, being good with God, your family and your job. If you do that, I
think you are successful in your life.

English and Arabic

By: Hussain Alshareef (Saudi Arabia)
Many languages have things in common. For example, some languages have the same letters. Also
many languages are totally different. For example, some languages Arabic and English. What is the difference
between Arabic and English? There are three main differences between English and Arabic, including alphabet,
grammar, and writing.
First of all, there are different letters. The Arabic alphabet is harder than English because ARabic has 28
letters and English has 26 letters. Also Arabic language has some letters that are not in English. For example it
has kh and aa that is not in English, but some people can say it with good pronunciation. More over, it has
some letters people cant say with good pronunciation, such as ha. Also, English has letters v and p that are
not in Arabic, but we can say them with good pronunciation.
Other differences are in grammar. In general, Arabic is more difficult than English. For example, Arabics
grammar has singular for one, dual for 2, and 3 or more for plural. Also, Arabics grammar is different than English
in nouns and adjectives. For example, in Arabics grammar, the noun is before the adjective, but reverse in
English. More over, sometimes Englishs grammar is harder than Arabics grammar. Such as, English grammar
has be but Arabic doesnt.
Finally, there is a difference in writing. Arabic writing is more difficult than English writing. When I want to
write a paragraph, I will write first from right to left, reverse of English. Also in English, I have to make a space
before I write, but in Arabic, I dont need that.
In conclusion, there are three main differences between Arabic Language and English, including
alphabet, grammar and writing. In my opinion, if you want to learn more than that, you can search on the internet.

WRITING FIVE
Legalizing Marijuana
By: Pascal Schnepf (Germany)
The discussion about legalizing marijuana is more present than ever. Still many people say it should not
be legalized; however, other people say it should be legalized because it has more positive effects than negative.
It is very important to look at both sides, the positives and the negatives to understand how important it is to talk
about this topic. On the one side, we have people who think that the crime rate will increase, that it is unhealthy
and that stoned people make more car accidents. On the other hand, we have the people who think exactly the
opposite.
Some people believe that the crime rate will increase when marijuana is legalized. They might think that
people who smoke marijuana suddenly go dangerous and make crimes. Or they think that marijuana makes
people into a kind of zombie who like to rob people and steal things. But this is not true. People dont need to buy
it illegally on the street anymore which is also a crime; they can just buy it in special stores without making any
crime. Morris, a professor of criminology at UT Dallas, found out by watching the crime rates for all 50 U.S. states
from 1990 to 2006, that in those 11 states which legalized marijuana for medical use, during this period, there was
no evidence of an increase in any kind. In fact for some forms of violence like homicide and assault, he found
partial support for declines after the legalization (Ferner). Furthermore, statistics from Denver show that the crime
rate decreased since marijuana was legalized because people dont have to steal it from other people or get it
from illegal places. According to Denver Police`s Uniform Crime Reporting Data from 2015, the reported crime of
robberies have decreased around 3 percent since cannabis was legalized. Also, the burglaries at licensed
marijuana facilities have decreased from 147 to 118 since cannabis was legalized in Denver (Squibb). Another
reason why the crime rate will decrease is because the black market for cannabis will disappear. So in conclusion
we can say, legalizing cannabis will decrease the crime rate because nobody has to steel or rob it from somebody
else, and the black market will disappear, which makes it easy for normal citizens to get it.
Others argue that smoking marijuana is unhealthy. They may argue that you normally smoke it with paper
or with tobacco which makes it unhealthy, and it can have big impacts on your lung function; however, a lot of
people think that it can heal some special diseases and is not unhealthy at all. We know that cannabis can heal
glaucoma, and it reduces the pressure in the eye. Studies in the early 1970s prove that marijuana, when smoked,
lowered intraocular pressure in people with normal pressure and those with glaucoma (Welsh). A lot of people
think that smoking marijuana has a big impact on your lungs, but according to a study published in the Journal of
the American Medical Association in January 2012, it can even increase lung capacity (Welsh). It can also help
people who have epileptic seizures to calm down and relax. During the research for his documentary Weed,
Gupta interviewed the parents of the 5 year old Charlotte, who has Dravet syndrome. This syndrome causes
seizures; he tells us that as a result of the drug, the seizures have decreased from 300 a week to just one every
seven days (Welsh). Another disease where cannabis can help is Alzheimers. The THC in marijuana slows the
formation of amyloid plaques by blocking the enzyme in the brain. These plaques are what kill brain cells, which
causes Alzheimers (Welsh). Currently only 6% of studies on marijuana are medical properties (Welsh). As a
result of legalizing it, researchers could develop new medicine for all kinds of diseases. Furthermore, people
would also smoke only cannabis because it is cheaper, and when they smoke it for health problems, they will
smoke it without the paper which makes it unhealthy. All in all, we can say that smoking weed will help people to
heal special diseases or even only to decrease the pain. Also, researchers could develop new medicines which
could heal diseases like cancer.
Finally, some say that stoned people make more car accidents and will even kill somebody when they
drive. They argue that they dont know what they are doing and that the cannabis is clouding their mind and that
they dont have control over their own body. This argument, however, is not based on any facts. It is completely
wrong that they lose control over their body. Research done by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
shows that while alcohol had an effect on the number of times the car left the lane and the speed of the weaving,
marijuana did not. As a fact, marijuana even showed a decrease in weaving (Gray). A 2002 review of seven
separate studies involving 8,000 drivers show that crash culpability studies have failed to demonstrate that stoned
people are significantly more likely than drug free drivers to be culpable in road crashes (Marijuana). As you can
see, stoned people still know what they are doing. However, it doesnt influence their mind, so they can still think
10

normally and know that they break a law when they drive a car stoned. You can see that they have complete
control over their body, and because of that, they probably will not drive stoned or make more car accidents than
drug free drivers. They think about what they are doing before they are doing it.
As a conclusion, we can say that legalizing cannabis will decrease the crime rate because people dont
have to steal or buy it on the black market anymore, which makes it easier for normal citizens to get it.
Furthermore, it would help to heal many diseases like Alzheimer, seizures or glaucoma and would allow research
in new regions. Also, the number of car accidents will stagnate and will not increase, for the reason that stoned
people have complete control over their body and dont do stupid things. All in all, we can see that legalizing
marijuana has positive effects in many different ways, and it can make our state even more contemporary.

Works Cited
Ferner, Matt. Legalizing Medical Marijuana May Actually Reduce Crime, Study Says. Hufingtonpost.
2015. Web. 27 March 2014.
Gray, Eliza. How Much Does Marijuana Impact Your Driving? Time. 2015. Web. 23 June 2015.
Marijuana And Driving: A Review Of The Scientific Evidence. Norml. 2015. Web. n.d.
Squibb, Susan. Ask The Cannabist: Staking Out Stats For Colorado Crime And DUID Arrests.
Thecannabist. 2015. Web. 21 May 2015.
Welsh, Jennifer. 23 Health Benefits Of Marijuana. Businessinsider. 2015. Web. 20 April 2014.

Stricter Laws to Protect Endangered Animals

By: Francis Mendez (Venezuela)
A species can be considered endangered when there are only a few animals of that species alive. Only
this year there have been reported approximately 1,000 species as endangered. Although some argue that the
government has already created enough laws to protect them or that these species are not important, many
others believe that these species are important and need to be protected. The number of extinct animals and
endangered species is increasing every day; therefore having stricter laws which protect them will help to stop
this problem.
Actually, the government has created a few laws dedicated to protecting some endangered native
species and foreign species and their habitats. The Government of the United States has created several
programs and supported a few independent programs dedicated to conserving some endangered species But
these laws are not strict enough because these laws are not updated and now there are a lot of new species
considered as endangered. Actually, the government of the United States has only listed 1,415 species as
endangered even when there are around 1,000 species that are at risk of becoming extinct, not just considered as
endangered, so the government doesnt give them the same protection as other species. Besides that, the
authorities dont give the same importance to all the species that can become extinct; the sanctions for killing,
selling or smuggling endangered species are not strict enough; for example, if a person kills an animal considered
as endangered the higher penalty is for one year in prison and paying a find of $100,000.00; this means that if a
person causes the extinction of one specie, the life of that specie is only worth a year of the life of the person and
a short amount of money. Another big issue is that in a lot of countries around the world, they dont have these
laws or the government doesnt force people to comply with these laws that are made to protect these species.
According to Kristie Stout, the government of China has invested a lot of money in the conservation of pandas,
but the rest of the animals like the pangolin or the tiger have no protection; and they are close to becoming
extinct. The government of this country and the rest of the governments around the world need to modify or
create stricter laws to protect the lives of these creatures.
Some people believe that because the animals are non-thinking creatures, they dont deserve to have
rights. But they are living beings, they deserve to have the right to live, to be free, and people need to start
respecting their rights that they have just for being living beings. They might not be able to have feelings like love,
happiness, etc, but they feel pain the same as humans, so they get hurt when someone attacks them in a
physical way. Animals with a backbone have the same nerves that humans have; this means that they feel the
same level of pain that humans do (Greek). Its important for people to learn how to respect the lives of the
animals and all their rights.

11

Another argument that some people have is that everyday a new specie is discovered, so if one becomes
extinct, it would be okay because a new one will be discovered. Thats the wrong way to see the situation
because every day a new specie is discovered, but also everyday hundreds of animals become extinct or start
fitting into the category of endangered. There are around 2 million different species on our planet; this means that
between 200 and 2,000 extinctions occur every year (How Many Species). In the last few years, the number of
animals that become extinct every year is increasing because of several reasons like illegal hunting,
commercialization, or in some Asian countries, they use some of these animals to make medicine.
The protection of endangered species is a major issue worldwide. People need to start encouraging their
governments to modify or create new laws to protect endangered species. They also need to understand that
even when the animals dont think in the same way as humans, they still deserve to have the rights of being free
and safe. Everyday hundreds of species become extinct because of the abuse of people around the world. Its
important for people to learn and to encourage others to protect these species. If there were no animals on Earth,
the ecosystem of the planet would collapse and people would face a major crisis.

Works Cited
Greek, Ray. Do Animals Feel Pain? Idausa. 2015. Web. n.d.
How many species are we losing? Wwf.panda. 2015. Web. n.d.
Stout, Kristie. When will China Protect the Pangolin Along with the Panda? CNN. 2015. Web. 24 June
2015.

Monitoring Cell Phones

By: Mohamed Eltahir (Sudan)
Irrefutable, nowadays, cell phones are becoming dangerous tools which criminals use to execute evil
things in our community. Many think the government should monitor cell phones, and other groups say the
government should not monitor cell phones. I am of the belief that the government must intercept our cell phones.
To begin with, some hold the belief that the government should not intercept peoples cell phones
because it violates the rights of freedom of expression. Definitely, I disagree, terrorists have been using cell
phones to recruit and convince their target recently, so that they can execute their plans. Monitoring cell phones
could restrain them from committing such heinous crimes. Controlling cell phone communication can prevent the
community from being victimized by terrorists.
Also, they argue that monitoring cell phones of Muslim believer groups is discrimination against the
Muslim population who live in the United States. I strongly disagree with this assumption. Edward Snowden, who
is former CIA contractor for (NSA), collected telephone records of millions of Americans. He also published a
court order directing Verizon telecommunications company to hand over all its telephone data. The documents
showed most of the people who were monitored were not Muslim (Leak That Exposed). The interception of
communication is not targeting specific groups; it is targeting whoever can cause threat to the community.
Furthermore, some say that, the government should not monitor cell phones, unless they suspect
someone doing criminal activity. Similarly, according to the foreign Intelligence surveillance act, judicial
authorization is required to intercept such communication. The interception can last up to 30 days. Then, the
government agents must submit approved answering whether the individual committed the crime or he/she is
about to commit it (Electronic Communication). The lawful process is being followed by the law enforcement
agencies.
To sum up, the threat that faces the country is increasing. The government should monitor cell phone
communication in order to ensure people's safety. It is the moral responsibility of the rolling authorities.

Works Cited
Electronic Communications Privacy Act. Department of Justice. 2015. Web. n.d.
Leak That Exposed US Spy Program. BBC Newspaper. 2015. Web. 12 Jan. 2014.

12

The Effect and Causes of Doing Sports

By: Hussain Koraisha (Saudi Arabia)
Sports make you another person. I remembered one of my friends whose name is Ibrahim, is eager to do
sports, and he loves sports because sports make him feel elation, especially soccer. Ibrahim traveled to different
cities to play soccer sometimes he received a lot of messages from other teams to play with them because
Ibrahim is a good player. At that time until now, he met a lot of people and they know him because the soccer.
There is one effect, and three causes of doing sports it takes time from you, it is fun, sports help develop
teamwork, and sports help kids develop discipline.
Some people do not have time to play sports because they might work, or they may take care of their
children, and they want to spend more time with them. For instance, if you work from 8:00 am until 4:00 pm, your
body may be tired because your body wants some rest to have more energy. Some people have children, so they
want to be with them and play with them instead of playing sport. If they play sports after work, they may not see
their children because they might go to sleep.
The effect of doing sports is taking time from you; however, the causes of doing sports are it is fun, sports
help develop teamwork, and sports help kids develop discipline.
The first cause on sports it is fun. You can enjoy doing sports and play with other people, and you can have a
group of people that have the same goals as you Also winning a game will make you feel happy with your team,
and people who have fun and do a good job are more relaxation (Reed). For example, the most played sport in
the world is soccer because you can play with a lot of people. You can meet new people, and you can have
friends also your teamwork goal, which is to play well and to understand the other team weaknesses, makes it
impossible to do alone without your friends or players on your team.
Sports help develop teamwork. Kids can learn that working as one team to win will help them in future
when they get a job because if everyone has to do something different than the others, it will help them to win the
game and that will help you. If your trainer has to give instructions, he can give different orders to the players
(Wade). For example, when kids learn teamwork when they are young, they may be successful in there life
because if you are learn some thing when you young, you can not forget that when you grow up, and there are a
lot of sports comprised of teamwork such as basketball, football, and soccer.
Sports help kids develop discipline. They learn how to be a good player and not make any injuries to
other players. They can learn from sports to score goals and work to achieve these goals. For instance, if you are
the leader of the team, the team will follow you by everything you do, so it makes you learn how to discipline and
how to respect the opponent.
Sports make you another person. The effect and the causes of doing sports are takes time from you, it is
fun, sports help develop teamwork, and sports help kids develop discipline. My advice to people playing sports is
to make your children play sports because it will change them, and they will have more opportunity to be ready for
future.

Works Cited
Reed, Ken. Are Sport Really Fun? Huffingtonpost. 2015.
Web. September 06, 2013.
Wade, Harle. Benefits of Teamwork in Sports.
Livestrong. 2015. Web. 19 August 2013.

13

Inheritance of Property
By: Mijin Jeong (South Korea)
People think that, if you want to get a lot of money, you have to make an effort to work hard. They take it
for granted, and it is the best way to become richer. However, some people, being born with money, dont try hard
because their parents have already made lots of money. Therefore, their parents are willing to give their wealth to
the children. They think children inheriting thier parents property is useful, but in my opinion, children should not
be able to inherit the property, money, and other wealth of their parents who have died. Its only a way of making
rich people richer.
People who have received a lot of money from their parents can contribute more to our society. Because
they have enough money that could be spent on what they want, they will be willing to spend money on helping
the poor. So its useful to help the poor. Furthermore, in terms of society, it can be the right decision. I think,
however, it does not happen in the real world. Children inheriting their parents property prefer spend their
property on themselves rather to donate to our society on themselves. Since they dont get a lot of money by
themselves, they may not know why they help poor people. They just receive their parents properties and get
what they want it. A psychology expert, Peggy Drexler, says that rich children usually have self- esteem that ties
only to their family's wealth. And their parents who put too much pressure on kids to be perfect teach their
children to focus more on getting money (Drexler). They usually invest in other things like real estate or stock to
enhance their wealth. And, they have had a benefit from their parents before they recognized the concept of being
rich. Therefore, they take their wealth for granted. They dont have the concept of donation, and some children
even ask again why they donate to poor people because donation is not an obligation.
Some people think its free to inherit their wealth. Its important to freely make a decision for keeping the
property. They think that being rich has been made only by themselves. Therefore, whatever they decide, it is
only their own decision. I think it could not be true. As time goes by, the polarization of wealth is more and more
severe. Although people who want to be rich try to work hard, they have not recieved as much by making an effort
because some people receiving the money from their parents have already had a lot of money. For example,
when we run a race, if we can start to run at the same time and same line, we can try to do our best to be the
winner. However, in reality, we have different start lines. Children who have a lot of money are putting less effort
than others. However, they get more money. Its unfair in the view of competition. According to nef , one of the
reasons that dissatisfaction in society has increased is because of social mobility: the current approach to
increasing social mobility does not tackle wealth inequalities, leaving the rich to convey their advantages to their
children (Shaheen). Therefore, these days, people have felt frustrated in failing to make an effort. This
phenomenon makes our society unstable. And these who complain about the unfair result also make social
conflict. The cost that is wasted in solving their problems is higher than keeping their property.
Finally, some people think that the inheritance of property is helpful to their children because children
tend to spend money on important things. However, it isnt useful for children. They dont have difficulty to attain
what they want because they already have enough money, so they dont want to try to do anything. They dont
even realize how hard it is to get money, so they usually waste money. For example, Paris Hilton, who inherited
Hilton Hotels, has a lot of money. She spent $13,000 on a puppy in September 2014. It's an adorable
Pomeranian. But why does cuteness cost $13,000? It doesnt make sense. Some children like Hilton are very
wasteful. They dont keep the their wealth. Therefore, the inheritance of property is adversely the way to spoil
these children.
As stated above, the inheritance of property has more negative effects than positive ones.
If children can receive their parents wealth, they dont have to try to do anything. And they dont donate to help
the poor people, although their parents hope that their children help other people. From the view of the whole
society, the inheritance of money is unequal, so its the factor to make our society nervous. I think the children
should not inherit property from their parents.

Works Cited
Drexler, Peggy. "Rich Kids. Psychology Today. Jul 13 2015. Web. n.d.
Shaheen, Faiza. "Why the Rich are getting richer. NEF. 2 November 2011. Web. n.d.

14

Why Go Vegan?
By: Dahye Kim (South Korea)
There are some moments in my life when I want to be vegan. When I watched the famous vegans, such
as Ann Hathaway, Paris Hilton, I dreamed of a slimming body and becoming healthy through being vegan.
Moreover, my father was diagnosed with high blood pressure, as a result my family decided to refrain from eating
red meat. Actually, in these days, the number of vegans is increasing rapidly because of innate and acquired
factors.
Veganism is a type of vegetarian diet that excludes meat, eggs, animal-derived ingredients in daily life.
Vegan refers to either a person who follows this way of eating, or to the diet itself (Hackett). There are different
kinds of vegan. It is divided by what kind of food they can eat or not. Semi vegetarians just love vegetarian food,
but occasionally eat meat. Some vegetarians can eat fish and other vegetarians refrain from eating eggs and milk.
Moreover, very strict vegetarians refrain from any eating animal foods, and also using products that may contain
animal ingredients such as fur clothes and leather shoes.
Why do they decide to be vegan? Some people just dislike eating meat, eggs, or milk. Otherwise some
people just like vegetarian food depending on their taste. I have a niece who likes to eat meat, but she has an
allergy to meat. After eating meat, her skin changes to a red color and she gets hives. So, she has refrained from
eating meat and become vegetarian. Some people go vegan because of these innate factors: depending on taste
or having an allergy.
However, innate factors can be overcome by medical treatment, and individual taste can be changed as
time passes. On the other hand, many people decide to be vegan because of specific experiences and opinions.
The first acquired factor may be health. People decide to be vegan because of wanting a healthier life. A
vegan diet makes the body stronger, more attractive, and more energetic. In addition to good nutrition and
disease prevention, eating vegan provides many physical benefits. Vegan eliminates most of the unhealthy foods,
so a healthy vegan diet can lead to a healthier life.
The second acquired factor may be a respect for animals. I have two dogs. Living together with my dogs, I
know that animals can think and feel like human beings. Animals have a right for life and freedom. However,
people are so cruel to animals for they get what they want to get. Preventing the exploitation of animals is another
main reason for becoming vegan.
In addition, people go vegan for the environment. The production of meat and other animal products
requires vast amount of land, water and human effort. People cultivate crops for animal feed, rather than food for
themselves. Through these processes, carbon emissions rise, deforestation happens faster, and habitat is lost.
On the other hand, a vegan diet is an effective way to reduce the human impact on the environment.
To summarize, most vegans expect positive effects such as getting a healthy life, respecting animals, and
protecting the environment. However, some experts are worrying about other health problems. One of the
negative effects is a lack of nutrition. Eliminating all animal products from the diet increases the risk of certain
nutritional deficiencies including vitamins B-12 and D, calcium, and long-chain n3 (omega-3) fatty acids (Craig).
So, they have to supply these separately with nutritional supplements.
Before writing an essay about vegan, I interviewed Elise, teacher at IEI, who is a vegan. She said that
when she was young she disliked meat, so she ate only biscuits. After growing up, she learned how to make
vegan food and a balanced nutrition. Moreover she became strict vegan by educating herself about vegan. Most
vegans decided to be vegan because of various reasons: innate or acquired factors. Whatever those may be, one
should keep in mind that it requires a strong will, constant effort, and education.

Sources
1. Hackett, Jolinda. What is a vegan? What is veganism?
2. Craig, Winston. Health effects of vegan diets
3. Brittain, Elise. Personal Interview. 25 Nov, 2015.

15

All Schools Should Be Co-Ed

By: Sandra Molina (El Salvador)
Today, there is a lot of controversy over which is better coed schools or same gender schools. I will tell
you my opinion on this controversy. Co-ed schools are better for our society and our future. Schools are teaching
and providing an education to the future generation making the students prepared to live in a new, real society.
First of all, coed schools faster adapt to changes in society. When we head into society after we become
adults we have to adapt and be independent. But if we don't go to coed school, we don't know about the other
gender. Of that situation occurs, people can't adjust and may become confused in the new society. To prevent
that, we have to provide coed schools. "One very famous psychologist from Oxford said that co-ed schools are
better for society and students growth" (debate).
Another convincing argument for co-ed schools is that males and females will learn to communicate with
each other. During children's formative years, it's important that they share their different outlooks on life in
constructive ways in school is the perfect venue doing so. "Boys and girls who learn to communicate well will
have fewer problems in marriage or work in the future" (Noodle).
Moreover, boys and girls think in markedly different ways. This suggests, therefore, that they should also
be taught using strategies specific to their gender. Girls for example, "may benefit more from listening and
speaking tasks whereas boys may prefer hands-on activities targeting their kinesthetic preferences. In short, girls
may prefer to listen and speak, boys to "do" things such as project- based work" (Washington parent).
Finally, co-ed schools are undeniably progressive and modern. One could even say that single sex school
are a throwback to the society of the past where, historically, only men where allowed any kind of education.
Separating girls may remind them of this painful past and even negatively affect their performance in school on
the other hand, co-ed schools are against some religions, notably Islam. According to the "Q'ran, Islamic school
should not be co-ed, especially after students reach adolescence. Therefore, schools should be sensitive to
pupils' cultural and religious differences and respect such differences by segregating the genders from middle
school, of not earlier"(debate wise).
In summary, same- sex and co-ed schools both have advantages. We have seen, however that there are
many strong arguments for the later. I strongly believe that co-ed schools offer more benefits and ensure a rosy
future for both genders.
debate.org 12-08-15
noodle.com 12-08-15
washingtonparent.com (what's best?) 12-10-15
debate.org 12-10-15

How Life Changes in One Day

By: Domenico Panzarino (Italy)
This year my life changed radically. Many events have revolutionized my life and the way I thought my
days would go. In April my major sister died of an injury. She was young in July she would have been 39 years
old.
Two weeks later my company asked me if I should like to move to the U.S.A. to improve and grow the
business of the company in North America. I didnt know what to answerSo, I asked my mother and my other
sister what they thought about this opportunity. My mother said to me, We are not able to preview what could
happen tomorrow remember your sisterwe are here and now. We have to catch the opportunities that life
shows us. My sister said only, Yes!!! I might come to the U.S.A. with you!!
Without the help and support of my mother and my sister I would never have accepted moving to the
United States. If I didnt ask them what were their thoughts about this opportunity for my job and my life I would
not be here to improve my English and I would never know all of you.
16

The Effects of Cell Phones on Our Life

By: Faisal Althumayri (Saudi Arabia)
Cell phones have become very important in our life. It is almost impossible to live without the cell
phone. People are using the cell phone everyday. They do everything on their phone like conduct business or
check their email or communicate with their family or friends. Besides all those things I mentioned there are a
lot of negative effects of cell phone use in our life such as headphones affecting your ears over long term use,
making relationships more difficult, and making people lazy.
First of all, one detrimental aspect of cell phone use is its effect on the human ear. It can negatively
affect the ear with the long term use. Most people are using a headphones everyday. However, they do not
understand what headphones can do to their ears. When you use the headphones over the long term you will
lose your hearing. If anyone listens at more than 100 decibels for even 15 minutes, he can face hearing loss.
So if you have to use headphone or earphones, make sure to give your ears some rest and do not listen to
music in high volume at any cost (Trends and Health).
Moreover, besides the effect of cell phone on your ears there is another effect which is the issue of
relationships. Most people are overusing their cell phone. They cannot leave their cell phone they use it all the
time and everywhere. When we become like this we hurt our relationships. For example, if you look around
you in any restaurant or if you have dinner with your friends or family you will see everyone busy with their
phones. They are not communicating with one another.
Also, the third effect is: our cell phone may be making us lazy. These days we rely on the cell phone
to look up everything. With this technology we can find anything we need. For example, people become lazy
with their phones because they do everything on their phones. For example, if they feel hungry they will order
food and they do not have to move. Also they can check their email or listen to music and do a lot of thing
without moving.
In conclusion, cell phones are important in our life. But we are using the cell phone too much and the
cell phone takes up most of our time. Also, the cell phone is wasting our time and affects a lot of things
around us. We should control ourselves with the use of our cell phones.

Works Cited
Health Issues Side Effects of using Headphones and Earphones. rends and Health.com.2015.web.3
December 2015.

Online Education
By: Eman Alghoribi (Saudi Arabia)
Online education is one of the ways to learn. Although some people believe traditional education is better
than online education to be successful, I believe online education is useful in special situations.
Some people believe that traditional education provides with social communication and group interaction
that help them fully develop. Therefore, students have the opportunity to learn from and teach each other. Also,
social communication for the student improves and social skills will be active. However, I believe online education
is a great way for these who are shy, have been sick, or do not have time to attend regularly scheduled classes.
Therefore, they have the ability to communicate online and make friends. In fact, online education has an active
social community. The students can access instructors and other students through chat, discussion threads, or
email without having to wait for office hours or other reasons.
Moreover, some people think traditional education is probably best completed. Also, they think online
education wastes time. However, I think online education has both convenience and flexibility. The student can
control their life. They can study and work at the same time. Also, course material is always accessible online.
They do not need to travel to the location where there is a university library. Online education is a good option for
students who need to balance their life and studying.
17

In addition, some people think higher universities costs will have a chance to get a good job. However,
expensive education is one of the biggest reasons why so many students are unable to attend university. I think,
online education has lower total cost programs that can be a more affordable option than traditional education.
Also, parking, car maintenance and public transportation costs do not affect the online student.
In conclusion, online education makes getting an education easier. The students can balance their life
and work. In fact, online education is a great way for people that have special situations.
Megessays,Online education http://www.megaessays.com/viewpaper/8947.html

How Sports Impact On Children

By: Quynh Nhu Nguyen (Vietnam)
Involvement in sports is an important part of childrens development. It teaches youth to lead active,
healthy lives and develop many necessary skills for success. However, playing sports can also bring negative
impacts to children. On one hand, playing sports has shown effects on social skills, physical and mental health.
Spending time on sports gives children greater opportunities to interact with teammates and learn to cope
with others. Being on the same team, children tend to support each other to win the final goal. From then, their
teambuilding skill will be developed. This is an essential feature for a successful individual in the future.
Another aspect of youth sports participation is to achieve a balance between sports and other activities.
Youth who take part in sports had lower rates of depression than those who just focus on studying. Therefore,
playing sports can help children to relieve anxiety in their daily lives.
The other benefit of sports relates to physical health. Many researches show that playing sports can
decrease the risks of high blood pressure, obesity and heart disease. As a result, parents dont need to worry
about their childrens health anymore because sports is like a magical medicine.
On the other hand, there is also a crisis in youth sports. An article in Scope Magazine reported a story
about young athletes named Kellen Sillanpaa. He was a superstar. He played baseball year-round, with three or
four multi-hour practices each week. Then he got a sudden pain. Years of relentless training had caused an
overuse injury. Not only Kellen but also many other children got same situations. Under pressure to keep up with
their peers, kids are playing harder, practicing more and narrowing their focus to a single sport. Youth sports are a
far cry from the days when kids played mainly for fun, and experts warn that this seismic cultural shift is harming a
generation of growing bodies.(Crounch).
Not only being stressful when children focus
too much on sports, but also they tend to be
competitive and too organized. This would negatively
affect to their personality in the future.
In conclusion, young children may suffer from
good or bad impact when taking part in sports. To
prevent those negative sides, parents can be involved
in childrens activities, instruct them properly and adjust
their attitude to balance their lives.
Crouch, Michelle. Playing With Pain Scholastic
Scope. Dec 2015-Jan 2016, page 13

18

Why We Have to Know History

By: Zokhid Vakhobov (Uzebekistan)
Most historians said that history can be thought about in the future. I definitely agree with that. Why- if
we visit most counties, all counties have a lot of historic places. Without knowing the history of the country they
dont have a future. We can see many causes and effects of why we have to know our history including knowing
who we are, learning something from history for the future, and history repeating itself in the future.
First of all, learning where we came from is an important part of knowing history. Today is 11-28-2015.
Tomorrow will be 11-29-2015. Today is history for the tomorrow. We should know all passed days. Moreover, we
are human. Everything is connected with history. So in my opinion every human should know their own history. It
does not mean everyone has to know their own history, it means people should know where they came from and
who their own generation is. Furthermore, most cultures have a tradition of knowing and making a family tree
including Uzbek culture. In my culture, most often grandparents teach their grandsons and granddaughters about
their family tree. We do not have to know it, but most children are interested in their family tree. Usually
grandparents teach us our seven generations. It means my father, his father and his fathers father going back
seven times.
This is an example of how a family tree may look.

Family tree of the Genghis Khan from Wikipedia.

The reason for knowing our background we learned from our grandparents and is so we will teach our
children when we get old. In addition, we become history one day with every work, every action, and every deed,
such as a persons history will be reminded you.
Next, if you study the past, you will define the future. The past has been both good and bad. People are
learning from both of them. We do not want to repeat those bad events, but we want the good events to happen
again. Cause bad happening will not repeat in the future, good happening is opposite. Also, if we learn about
World War Two it can be recreated or made into a better future. That moment were a lot of bad happenings.
People are learning never to repeat those kinds of happenings. Moreover, 10 years ago people in Uzbekistan had
been discontented with the government. That moment the government chose the wrong way to solve that
happening and people died, and a couple places were destroyed. Today the government has learned and created
some laws to avoid those kinds of events.
Finally, there is an historian who said that history repeats itself. This means that history repeats and we
need to be aware, and prepare for it in order not to repeat the mistakes. the reason is if you had made mistakes in
the past, you will not do them again. In addition, no one can guarantee what will happen tomorrow except God.
So, we should be ready for every kind of event.
19

In conclusion, there is a good example to end this essay. Lets take a book, you cannot start on the
second chapter. You should start at the first chapter to understand the book. Life is like the book. You should start
by learning history to understand your life.
Sources:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andijan_massacre
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_tree_of_Genghis_Khan

Causes of Obesity
By: Meshaal Algreesha (Saudi Arabia)
A lot of people suffer from obesity, which is being very fat or overweight. So, more than one third of adults
and 17% of youth in the united stats are obese, although the prevalence remained stable between 2003-2004 and
2009-2010. Some reasons for obesity are an Inactive lifestyle, Eating habits, and Genetic factors.
Peoples lifestyle has changed due to the development of our technological and industrial world. Such as,
most people prefer to use their car rather than walk. The other things that we have in our life that make our life
inactive is TV, and video games; moreover, people spend many hours in front of screens. Most of time, they do
not move or do any activities in their life. In addition, there is new technology that can hinder youth and adults
from walking like a scooter. So, some people use a scooter instead of walking , and I watched a doctor on TV and
he said, people who use a scooter everyday are more likely to develop obesity.
The other cause for obesity is ones eating habits. Most people do not like to cook at home. Especially, in the USA
many prefer to eat at restaurants, such as fast food. Because, this kind of food contains a lot of fat, eating it the
way to obesity. Also, people are eating too much and moving too little, For example, I watched someone on
Television who is obese, so he said why he was obese because he was eating and drinking soda too much, but
he did not move or do any sport. So the result is he has become overweight. He was given a lot of advice and
most of people told him he should do a sport and get moving to lose weight.

20

WRITING SIX
The Difficulties that Families with Disabled Member Have
By: Othman Almishari (Saudi Arabia)
Introduction
It is unimaginable the situation which families with disabled members struggle with!! Families with
disabled members are suffering from many dilemmas. Furthermore, in many cases those dilemmas are
complicated and hard to solve. Having a disabled person in their families is not the worst part in this context. In
addition, some people are not aware about the consequences that come as an attachment with the moment that
the member is diagnosed with a disability. First of all, the financial difficulty can make a logical conclusion that
families with disabled member are more likely to have difficulty with their financial status. Also, psychological
dilemmas have spreader among those families. Finally, some of those families are resisting what is called the
social embarrassment. In fact, all those points are very essential obstacles and we should focus on them until the
community being inspired some solutions. Families with disabled members are supposed to receive all kinds of
support and strive to alleviate their difficulties as much as we can.

The Financial Difficulties

The financial difficulties are first point. There is almost a common sense among people that the financial
difficulties are the most important factor in this issue. In terms of normal families, without double stress like that
families with disabled member suffer from. Furthermore, since the moment when the family knows that their new
baby is considered as disabled person, they will work hard to find out future plans and solutions for their long
term status. Also, they will bring up everything can be useful to their member ("Problems Faced" 1).
In addition, medical care, recovery, career training, evaluating feelings are very expensive. The normal
families struggle and complaining about their bills and the high prices, the families with disabled member petition
all the time. In fact, the families with disabled member who have small incomes should find sponsors to avoid the
bankruptcy. Furthermore, they should start looking for help in their society. For instance, in Canada Child
Development Agencies is an organization that aims to alleviate the financial responsibilities on the families with
disabled member. Many families would not rather to be in this situation, receiving money from charity. However, in
some cases waivers and sacrifice should be made by these families in order to receive the benefits. This issue
needs to be resolved, especially the financial thus responsibilities lie with families in community. Everyone has a
role in this issue. Therefore, to determine those roles we are going to explain the families' role and the
community's role ("problems faced" 1).
The families with a disabled member have a lot of responsibilities because those families have already
been under a lot of stress, we will discover some specific roles and functions in order to make those
responsibilities easier. First, the families should involved when their member is going through a serious situation
like an official investigation and a court session. Also, they should support their member when they are about to
make an important decision. Finally, those families are responsible of arranging conferences that concern about
the coordination between those families because it is obvious that when they share their experiences with each
other it will benefit their psychological well-being forge bonds community, advocacy, networking, and create
dialogue of support ("Roles and Responsibilities" 7).
When the families with disabled member are communicating with a charitable organization, they should
give up something for their member benefit. For example, the author of this article mentions a man whose son
was four years old. This child was suffering from Cerebral Palsy. As a result, she was having difficulties with
walking. Reaching her second years without being able to walk. Unfortunately the nearest hospital where they
could find the treatment that their child needed was four hours away. This Man had to travel periodically in order
to get treatment to his child. As a result, there were a lot bills need to be paid like parking, hotels, and food.
However, this man made this sacrifice, which was moving to live near the hospital. Therefore, it is essential to
sacrifice especially in this situation to relieve the financial difficulties ("Problems Faced" 1).
In terms of possibilities of living well as a disabled person, those people can live as normal life as
anybody else. However, that is not going to happen without strong support. In addition, there are several levels,
which determine the lifestyle the disabled and their families are supposed to live. The worst level, which is living in
the nurse house and this method, should be avoided, as much it is possible. The superior level, which is the
21

highest target, is making everything reachable for those whose status fits with this situation. This situation simply
is providing the families with the individualized equipment in their houses in order to make it appropriate to keep
their member at the house. In addition, there are many experiments, which have been practiced by several
communities around the world. For instance, there is an experiment, which is called (apartment living program).
This experiment based upon dividing the shifts between the apartment's members to monitor the disabled
member 24 hours. As a result, there is no need for the disabilities to be locked in an institution any longer.
Furthermore, any community in the world has to have some institutions, which represent and protect the
people in several ways. Therefore, the community has ethical responsibilities to establish beside those institutions
a non-profit organization for the disabilities. The community has very essential role here, which is dividing the
work and organize it in order to create an appropriate environment the families and their disabled members. In
addition, when the community establishes the non-profit organization is does not mean the end of the task, it
means it just starts. In terms of non-profit organization, they should be very active especially in the media to
spread their agendas and their concepts. Also, they should have many employees who are disabled in order to
make their appeal more credible (Enns 2).
The community should be very generous with those families. In order to do this it should encourage
establishing charitable organizations in it and of course participating with them. For example, those
experiment in Canada, which gives all kind of support to the families with disabled member. Any observant would
visit them and being introduced to their activities, they will end up saying that it is the most effective method to
solve this dilemma.
In addition, the majority of people agree on giving a certain amount of money to those families.
Furthermore, the money should not be insufficient. In terms of lifestyles, the goal is to prevent them from being
considered inferior.
In this context there was a lady whose name Jane. She is 49 years old. This lady lives in south London
and she was responsible for helping her family because they have a disabled member. Jane had a story which is
valuable in the field of special education because it teaches us how to avoid any inappropriate thing could cause
harm to all people and the families with disabled member specifically. Jane described how people look at her
family as hurtful. She claims that the community does not try help families like her family that has disabled
member. She also adds that the employers should show some compassion to families with disabled member. In
addition, having a disabled person in your family is considered as 24/7 job, so it is completely correct that
employers should be forced by the law to be flexible with their employees who are responsible of disabled
(Moorhead 1-2).
In an interview with Donna Ruth Morin who has worked with disabled people and their families for a long
time, she says that the disabled people and their families are facing a hard challenge, sometimes because of their
legal status. Foe example, the disabled social security bans them from having a driver's license. Also, many of
disabled people had been abandoned by one of their parent of both, which makes the financial situation harder. It
should be realized that they have to have a special food, equipment, tool, and instruments. However, their income
does not cover all these things. She adds also that the social security sometimes is not supporting them. The
social security could cost them a lot of money when they have a job, so this is another difficulty. Finally she said
the government insurance for disabled people is not very helpful. Many times the families have to pay extra
money to buy something necessary that the insurance does not cover. Furthermore, many times the families are
forced by their financial situation to purchase inferior equipment.

Psychological Dilemmas
Speaking of disabilities, right away comes to the surface the depression, the stress, and the chronic
headache because of the over thinking about their disabled member. However, the parents who have an autistic
member are the most miserable among those families. There are a lot reasons that explain why those families are
suffering since the moment they knew about their member disability. And definitely they will go through very hard
steps in order to find the best services for their member. This stressful situation sometimes would develop with
the families to feel in some point that they are guilty of not doing enough for their member (Anderson 1).
It is obvious that all the factors that families with disabled member suffer from could cause an enormous
harm to them. The psychological harm can be the worst. In addition, many studies` results revealed with a fact
that the families with disabled member are suffering from a very sharp depression since the moment they knew
they have a disabled member. This massive amount of depression and stress could lead to a deep mental
damage (Anderson 1-2).
22

It is noticeable that the depression, stress, and sadness are invading those families' lives. However, in
this case particularly they should manage or handle this dilemma whether by themselves or by asking help from
psychological clinic. They should not underestimate this feeling because it could develop and produce very dark
consequences.

Social Stigma
Many people shun the disabled person without reason. Therefore, the families with a disabled member
are being avoided as well. In addition, there is a huge misunderstanding about the disabled person. The common
sense in many communities around the world is to keep long distance between you and the disabled person. Also
you so should not talk or touch them. Furthermore, some people believe that the disabled people should not get
jobs or even do the housework. However, they have a right to be treated as normal as anyone else. For instance,
many parents started to avoid going to the grocery store with their disabled child because of the way that people
look and deal with them (Morin)
In study, which was made in Nepal, the study reveals how the disabled people are treated. In fact, they have been
under discrimination for a long time. Also, their society looks down at them. In this study the researcher made an
interview with a blind woman. She said with very sad tone that people treat her a horrible treatment and her
dream to make a modification in this behavior (Vicks).

Conclusion
In conclusion, we have probably realized how tragedy this issue is, being responsible of disabled person.
Those families have real challenges that they are dealing with daily. In addition, the most salient obstacle is the
financial difficulties that the majority of families with disabled member struggle with. In fact, it is reasonable for
them to suffer financially since they have a member who has to have special equipment, tools, treatment, and
personal instruments. Also, there is an essential factor which is the psychological dilemmas that those families
likely to have. Furthermore, when those families are being under a lot of stress for a while, it is expected to have
psychological dilemmas. Last point is the social embarrassment of having a disabled person as a member in the
family. In addition, not all of the families have open mind about this issue. In fact, some of them are embarrassed.
So what is the gist of asking all these question in this paper? The answer is to try to solve this problem in order to
end this trial. As a one of people who are working in this field, we must pay close attention and take care of those
families because they are dealing with a very sad and stressful situation, so one of our ethical duties is giving
them a hand.

Works Cited
Anderson, Connie. "Relieving Parental Stress and Depression: how Helping Parents
Helps Children." Interactive Autism Network. 14 Dec, 2007. Web. 3 Nov, 2015
Enns ,Henry. "The Role of Organization of disabled people: A disabled
people' International Discuss Paper." Independent living Institute. Web. 15 Nov,
2015
Smull, Michael W. and Agnesanne J. Danehey. "Increasing Quality while Reducing
Costs"." Creating Individual Supports for People with Developmental
Disabilities. Bradley, Valerie J., John W. Ashbaugh, Bruce C. Blaney, eds. Baltimore:
Paul H Brookes Publishing Co., 1994. 59-78. Book.
Moorhead, Joanna. "The Biggest Problem for Parents of a Child with Special Needs?
other people". The Guardian. 16 August 2013. Web. 3 Nov, 2015.
"Problems Faced by Families with Disabled Children." Hubpages. 18 March 2010. Web.
3 Nov, 2015.
"Responsibilities for Supporting Children and Young People with Disabilities under the
Children, Young Person, and their Families act 1989." Wellington Ministry of
health. March 2010. Web. 15 Nov, 2015
Morin, Donna. Personal Interview. 6 Nov, 2015.
Vicks. "Challenging the Culture Stigma of Disability in Nepal." Online video clip. You
Tube. You Tube, 3 Feb, 2010. Web. 10 Nov, 2015.

23

Being a Leader for this Generation: How to Expand Leadership Skills

By: Lazaro Riesgo (Cuba)
Research Outline
Introductory Paragraph
Transition Paragraph
Research Question: How to Expand Leadership Skills
I.
Growing as a Person
A. Process of Change
B. Being Ready to Share a Vision
C. Showing Accountability
II.
Increasing Your Influence
A. Investing in Others
B. Doing Volunteer Work
III.
Establishing a Relational Lifestyle
A. Understanding the Importance of Relationships
B. Character Rather than Image
Conclusion
Works Cited

Being a Leader for this Generation: How to Expand Leadership Skills

"My job is not to be easy on people. My job is to take these great people we have and to push
them and make them even better."
Steve Jobs
While the world is continuing to change and face challenges, which represents a risk for the future
stability of mankind, an effective leader remains a source of vision and development for organizations and
institutions. Despite the fact that technology provides a source of knowledge, and this knowledge is spreading as
far and fast as the speed of the light, people are more confident in the educational programs as a possible
solution to current crises. Universal history records thousands of stories about men and women involved in a
battle of education and health and human rights seeking a better community and world. However, the role of a
leader is earning importance because, without it, there is a lack of strategy and guidance to solve contemporary
problems. Instead of thinking of education as a final solution to todays world, we should turn our sight to
leadership. Where passion and experience converge, there is a leader. According to the dictionary, leadership is
the ability to guide or provide direction to others (Dictionary.com). Hence, without leadership, there is no educated
people and no nation.
In addition, being a leader for the postmodern generation must be a concern of each person who has
been taught by someone. We have an obligation to share the path of knowledge and life experiences. We cannot
be the final goal, the object to be focused on, but a source people can access to become better citizens. Thus, the
necessity of going forward in leading others has to be part of the human desire in the face of dealing with different
problems. Hence, the question is, how can a person expand their leadership skills in order to provide a benefit to
society? There are three basic but effective actions to expand your leadership skills.

I.

Growing as a Person

Growing as a person has to be the first action to be accomplished by a person who is interested in
developing leadership. This action is associated with a vertical growth. Vertical or personal growth means
expanding the mind through understanding ones worldview, and this takes time to cultivate (Malone, 3). People
cannot lead others further than their own vision. What does vision mean? Related to leadership, vision is the
act or power of anticipating that which will or may come (Dictionary.com). Everybody agrees that to guide one
person or team is a challenge, because different members can make the task hard. The only way to stay at the
top and focus is through establishing a vision (George, 9). A good methodology in leadership is linked to vision
because it shows the point where you are and where you are planning to go. The future leader is supposed to pay
attention to whom they are as a human being and then be ready to change (Maxwell, 11). The characteristics of a
good leader are not assimilated by simple processes but through the hardest. Change is constant. Life changes
and people do as well. An example from the business market draws attention to the importance of accepting
change and being prepared to grow:
24

Change is all around us. Clients are changing how they buy and manage services. Technology is
changing how we deliver services. Competitors are changing how they design, deliver and charge
for their service.
Beese, p.3
Ignoring the reality of change is usual between most people; they prefer to be static rather than open their
life to new possibilities. To be a leader, said the author Mark Beese, is an ability which needs to be developed; of
course, at the beginning the road will be hard, but by focusing on the main goal the results are going to be
guaranteed (Beese, 4). Sacrifice is going to be part of the leadership process; this process, which is extremely
important, takes a considerable amount of time.
The recognized author and executive of the year in 2001, Bill George, explained his journey to be a
leader in his book Authentic Leadership. He said that in his experience, he faced a lot of issues before he was
recognized by his friends as an influential leader. During his years as a student, he never led a group or headed
the tennis team. The causes of his lack of influence over the rest of his friends was the feeling of ambition and
ego. He had never turned a friendship into one of his priorities. Becoming an important leader was his goal over
the years; he tried to incorporate the qualities of the world leaders into his life about which he had been reading.
However, this approach was not useful. He forgot to be an authentic leader (George, 29). Analyzing the Bill
George history on leadership, there is a logical interpretation: to be a leader begins by being aware of change and
moving from the comfort zone to facing the unknown in order to be a great leader. Related to the discussion topic,
Patrick Malone also stated that there are moments when the undiscovered is more significant than our knowledge
about a specific issue. On the other hand, background experiences and studies are not erroneous; however, the
mystery of the unknown leads us to a superior feeling of being uncomfortable, which opens a colossal door to a
new kind of information (Malone, 4). According to this statement, before trying to conquer others lives, you have
to take control of yourself. Individuals cannot change people without being willing to undergo a deep
transformation.
Before finishing the aspect about vertical or personal growth, it is worthy to notice the importance of being
accountable. The term accountability refers to the state of being answerable or responsible. Every man or
woman who has been building character needs to receive assistance from the arduous experience of other
leaders; even leaders should have tutors. Let the author John Maxwell explain what is accountability: an excellent
plan is to share your project with some friends or coworkers; in this way there will be others behind you asking
how your intentions are going (Maxwell, 14). As Maxwell said, there is no way to build leadership alone. In brief,
personal growth could be summarized in three main ideas, a desire to change for good, a readiness to share a
vision, asking other leaders to become a mentor, and showing accountability. Thus, after personal growth, what
are the actions that individuals can do in order to increase their leadership skills?

II.

Increasing your Influence

The second action in the process of expanding leadership skills is to increase your influence. One
simple definition of leadership is positive influence. However, Mark Beese went more in depth and defined
influence as the ability to personally affect others actions, decisions, opinions or thinking (Beese, 2). It is a fact
that people want to know the leader before being willing to follow him or her. According to Joseph Gulfo in the
article Leadership Happens: 10 Straightforward and Insightful Leadership Tips, people are afraid of any change;
therefore, before you can influence them by your actions, they want to see your intensions (Gulfo, 1). Moreover,
the capacity of touching the persons heart and the character of the leader are the greatest attributes of leadership
(Nedovic, Sudaric and Ivanovic, 2). One of the most shocking mistakes in leading people is derived from the
prejudicial concept of leading by position and not by influence. Leading by the power of authority and not by the
power of love. Jesus Christ, who is a model in leadership, says in Luke chapter 6, verse 31, Just as you want
others to do for you, do the same for them.
A boss could be a leader; however, without love they cannot transmit any valuable influence. The leader
depends on the capacity of being involved in the life of the followers. To reach this objective, the first step is to be
a trusty leader. To be trustworthy is the key element of a guide (George, 12). Therefore, this feeling of trust,
showed through influence, is the way to the final stage of leadership: helping others grow. When you help others
develop, you become not just a leader, but also a coach, which can only be possible by investing your life and
resources in this generation. As John Maxwell has stated in the book How Successful People Grow, p. 118,
Coaches makes a difference in others lives. They help them grow. They improve their potential.
They increase their productivity. They are essential to helping people effect positive change.

25

Coaching or mentoring is a critical element of leadership performance. Every generation received the influence of
courageous men and women that were able to invest in others for a transition for a better world. For example,
Martin Luther King and Rosa Parks fought for the human rights in The United States and Mahatma Gandhi lead
the independence movement in India. People have been persuaded not by personal conclusions, but how they
receive the message. Individuals want to know the why before the who (Beese, 4).
While showing your intentions brings influence, another way to extend your influence is doing volunteer
work. Volunteers do their service gladly and without a fiscal reward, which exalts human values. Offering your
strengths, abilities, or talents at least one time per week gives meaning and confidence to leadership. There are
several projects which are calling for volunteers: hospitals, clinics and thousands of institutions and NonGovernment Organizations (NGOs) are on the list. Leadership is to be involved. Thus, after building a relevant
character and extending influence, there is a last step in developing leadership qualities.

III.

Establishing a Relational Lifestyle

Establishing a relational lifestyle is crucial for positive and lifelong leadership. Although this is the last
action to increase abilities, being relational has been highly appreciated in order to fulfill the vision of leadership.
Especially in the twenty-first century, association overcomes impersonal leadership. Related to a relational way of
life, Bill George indicated that, in the current century, leaders who live distant from followers are no longer
popular; there is no better technique to encourage workers than through a close relationship. Staffs want to be in
touch with their directors and build a trust connection; men like Bill Gates, Michael Dell, and Jack Welch have
been reaching goals because they created confidence in their companies through credibility. This is especially
true of Welch, who has directed his followers to the point of personal development (George, 23-24). Relationship
is supposed to be a priority; connecting with individuals is just the foundation of the process. To sustain a growing
friendship is the goal. Using social media and electronic devices as well as interacting with people face to face,
have to be priorities in the leaders life. When we think about a leader in association with personal relationships,
leadership becomes the key to reaching the aims of the organization (Nedovic, Sudaric and Ivanovic, 2).
So far, this paper has been clarifying how effective leadership is founded upon and sustainable with the
rock of trust. Without trust, there is no creative communication between staff and managers. To show trust is an
imperative (Gulfo, 5). In light of this last statement, we can see that building a relationship, just as building
influence, takes time. The Center for Creative Leadership (CCL) discovered three characteristics about a
paradigm in relationships. A leader must be the first to be open. An open relationship, which reflects strength and
honesty, is always a source of knowledge and allows discussion of different worldviews. Diversity is the second
distinctive that brings opportunity to the team to grow and offers the institution a potential credibility. In addition to
these two characteristics, a good relationship is deep. Consequently, reciprocal trust is needed for the goodness
of the organization (Beese, 2). The same report claims that building a strong network is indispensable for a
successful leader.
To clarify the importance of relationships, there is a popular story told about a boy who had been waiting
for the bus on a sidewalk in the middle of the block. An old man who was walking around realized that the bus
stop was at the corner, far from the boys position. Suddenly he suggested to the young boy that he would have to
move there in order to reach the bus; however, the boy avoided answering the man and remained in the same
place. The man was still insisting in his recommendation when the bus appeared on scene; to his surprise, the
bus stopped and pick up the boy. Astounded by what had happened, the old man realized that the boy was right;
the bus stopped for him even when he was far from the bus stop. The perfect moment was when the young man
answered from the bus window: Sir, I knew that the bus would stop for me because the driver is my dad!
Therefore, the basic principle of this story is that there is no need for a bus stop when you have a connection with
the bus driver. This is why relationship is important. When leadership values relationship, people want to partner
with this leadership.
Consequently, leadership is about character rather than image. It is about multiplying your passion and
love to people around you. Every single aspect in this universe is finite. John Maxwell suggests that the gifts that
people have, which could be a profession, entertainment, or any kind of value, will perish with them. However,
relationships that emerge from the resources invested will remain forever. This is a lifelong process repeated from
one generation to another. Thus, when we help individuals reach their goals, which is the essence of being a
leader, it is a victory for ourselves plus a gift to the life (Maxwell, 134). To emphasize the benefits of relationship
there is another statement from Mark Beese: relationship spreads out the character of the leader, allowing
maturities to change everything around him (Beese, 2).
In summary, there is no shortcut to success; leadership is a long-term process. In todays world,
education and technology are always welcome and appreciated; however, the current generation ought to be
26

prepared and start investing in the generation which is rising. Ultimately, be a leader is not the final goal of a
person, but to be a channel to a successful transition to new leadership. To answer the question of how a person
can expand leadership skills in order to provide a benefit to society, there are three effective actions that can be
done: the leader has to grow as a person, increase their influence toward others, and establish an enduring
relationship lifestyle.

Works Cited
1. Beese, Mark. Four Necessary Leadership Skills: How Focusing on Paying Attention, Developing
Networks, Expanding Influence and Igniting Change Leads to High-Performance Firms. Law Practice.
Sep Oct 2015. Web. 18 Nov. 2015.
2. Dictionary.com http://dictionary.reference.com/ Dec 4. 2015.
3. George, Bill Authentic Leadership: Rediscovering the Secrets to Creating Lasting Value. Jossey-Bass
Publishers. 2003.
4. Gulfo, Joseph. Leadership Happens: 10 Straightforward and Insightful Leadership Tips. Public
Management. Oct. 2015. Web. 23 Nov. 2015.
5. Malone, Patrick. Improve your Leadership Skills by Thinking Up: Why Vertical Development Matters.
Public Management. July 2015. Web. 23 Nov. 2015.
6. Maxwell, John C. How Successful People Grow: 15 Ways to Get Ahead in Life. Center Street. Hachette
Book Group. 2012.
Nedovic, Mirjana; Sudaric Zeljko; Ivanovic, Darija. Leadership Skills in Order to Increase Employee Efficiency.
Dec. 2013. Web. 18 Nov. 2015.

Cross Border Study for Chinese Students

By: Jian Sun (China)
As a result of stimulation on globalization, education is no longer limited by national boundaries.
Especially in China, the number of Chinese international students has dramatically increased in recent years. On
the other hand, studying abroad is the best option and a main trend for Chinese students. However, does every
Chinese student succeed in their cross border study? Definitely, not all of them have achieved their ultimate
academic goals. There are different sorts of causes to explain why they make their decision for moving abroad to
study. Furthermore, by analyzing the causes of the increasing number of Chinese international students,
advantages of studying abroad and difficulties they are facing, we may have a further understanding about the
current situation of Chinese international students.

Causes of Moving Abroad to Study

There are three main causes associated with the appearance of the cross border studying trend for
Chinese students. Generally, these combined elements have acted as a facilitator of studying abroad.
First of all, China has surpassed Japan and become the second largest economy in 2014. The average
income level of each family has obviously improved. Many families have the capacity of sending their children to
study in other countries. Educational consumption has held quite a number of familys budget. In addition to that,
having children studying abroad, especially in the UK, Australia, Canada and the USA has been evolved as a
particular symbol to flaunt a familys social status and affluence in China. Apparently, the financial foundation is a
basic element to expand cross boarder study.
Secondly, since China has followed the policy of reform and created an open market in 1979, the young
generation who was born after the 1980s has had more opportunity to get to know Western civilization. The
majority of them are looking forward to feeling and studying in a distinct civilization personally. This kind of will has
an association with the risk attitude, which is considered a key character for being a cross boarder learner. A
report based on an investigation that was conducted among 211 Chinese undergraduate students reveals that
compared with the students who lack a stronger desire to experience an unknown situation, those who have an
enthusiasm and a spirit of adventure for extending their awareness of foreign civilization are more willing to be a
cross border learner (Yang). Generally, cross boarder Chinese students are filled with eagerness to accelerate
their individual comprehensive developments by combining Eastern and Western civilizations.

27

Thirdly, as we all know, China has the biggest population of any other country in the world, which means
that the employment situation in China is extremely fierce. Even worse, a number of Chinese students cannot find
a job with a bachelors degree. In addition to that, the traditional Chinese educational model does not emphasize
individual practical experience which leads to their lack of soft skills in teamwork or cooperation. Therefore, in
order to gain a preponderant position in fierce competition, lots of students have made up their minds to take a
further study in developed countries. Moreover, Chinese parents who have had a higher education come to know
that the earlier their children start to get in touch with an advanced foreign culture, social experience and
education, the better lives their children will have in the future. This idea contributes that more and more Chinese
teenagers have been sent abroad to study after graduating from senior or junior school in recent years. Clearly,
positive motivation acts an crucial role in moving abroad for a further study.

The Benefits of Studying Abroad for Chinese Students

As noted above, financial foundation, personal wills, and predictive perspective indeed elicit the main
trend for Chinese students to study abroad. However, what concrete advantages have they actually gained
though several years studying and living in different countries and cultures?
Definitely, no matter in their daily lives or studies, every single Chinese student has to depend on
him/herself. Even though most of the Chinese students are the only child in their family and have been coddled
since they were a child, they have no choice to start a new life with nobody to lean on after going to an unknown
country. They are forced to develop all kinds of life skills such as cooking, housekeeping and so on. Likewise,
they have to drop parts of previous learning habits that were formed in China and try to adapt to a fresh learning
model. Fortunately, the majority of Chinese students have a strong foundation for memorizing new knowledge
and solving mathematical problems. According to a research, compared with the U.S students, Chinese students
have a better performance than the U.S students in figuring out mathematical problems (Cai). Thus, as a crossnational learner, Chinese students are making their efforts to improve their soft skills in a daily life, as well as in
study.
The other benefit for Chinese students is that through getting in touch with the diversity of advanced
information in western countries, they absolutely have expanded their horizon and gotten opportunities to
participate in innovative academic research. Thousands years ago, four great inventions (compass, papermaking, movable type printing press and gunpowder) appeared in ancient China; however, as time went by, more
revolutionary inventions came out in Western countries than in China. Especially due to the policy of isolation
which was carried out in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Thus, China is no longer a nation that can stand on the top
of the world. Since the Industrial Revolution, Western countries such as the UK and the U.S have represented the
most advanced technology in the world. Even though China is trying to make up the past losses, we have to admit
that China is still decades behind. Therefore, it is essential and beneficial for Chinese international students to
learn about more advanced knowledge and experience abroad and put them in use.
By contrast with China, western countries provide a better academic atmosphere. This is reflected in both
hardware and software conditions. A group of statistics reveals that in 2009, the national financial education
expenditure in China was 1223 billion RMB; Meanwhile, the U.S government spent 5330 billion RMB in native
education. The U.S spent almost 4.5 times of China in that year. Furthermore, from 2000 to 2009, the national
financial education expenditure accounted for less than 4% of the GDP in China, which was less than 4.5% of the
worlds average level. Nevertheless, as the worlds biggest investor in the education field, the U.S has the most
education expenditure in the world. Moreover, the proportion of American financial education expenditure has
been stabilized over 5% of the GDP since 1980 (Yang). Therefore, Chinese international students have a
probability to gain more abundant research resources such as advanced equipment and various experimental
samples. Besides, impacted by western democratic thought, particularly in the U.S, there is a more rigorous
academic attitude, more fair competition conditions and optimized allocation of resources and personnel. In this
environment, Chinese international students are more confident and brave to put forward their ideas and put them
into practice. Over all, both objective and subjective beneficial elements contribute to a better academic
atmosphere for the Chinese international students.

Obstacles and Problems for Chinese International Students

In spite of the fact that there are so many benefits for Chinese students to move abroad to study,
increasingly precise problems that are happening to Chinese international students deserve our attention as well.

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Primarily, the mutual phenomenon that exists among Chinese international students is transition issues.
Culture shock is one of the first and most basic problems of transition issues they have to face and overcome.
Generally speaking, culture shock may be experienced by every Chinese international student. According to
research, numerous Chinese international students have a difficulty with culture shock. One main factor related to
culture shock is that a number of Chinese students can not adapt to western countries or American class culture
during their transition period. In western culture, people focus on individual value. By comparison, in Chinese
traditional culture, an admirable character relies on ones obedience and humility. Expressing an opposite idea in
class sometimes is considered as a performance of challenging and disrespecting the authority. This is the
reason to explain why many Chinese international students lack courage and soft skills to participate in class
activities or group discussion, which is considered an efficient way to gain knowledge and develop their
communication skills (Wang). My suggestion is that both western countries and China should set a course to train
students who want to study abroad how to avoid culture shock. As for students, they should develop predictive
perspective and be confident to display their excellent characteristics.
Secondly, many Chinese international students are considered to be short of creative personality trails,
which leads to their lack of innovation and discovery. However, I would like to say that Chinese students never
lack a creative personality. A recent research has proposed that in East Asian culture, which is represented by
China, creative personality has been proven that it only has a few associations with Chinese culture and the
dialectical thinking model (Liu). Chinese international students need to find a proper way to express their ideas,
which means they have to be good at English and have better persuasive skills.
Finally, as this research proposed, the majority of Chinese international students have achieved their
academic goals and developed their living skills by several years of studying abroad. In other words, their
expectations of studying abroad is significantly satisfied (Hegarty, Fuxman, Elifoglu, Chao). Nevertheless, we can
not ignore that there are still many Chinese students who are struggling with their unfulfilled expectations of their
study. Some of them are undergoing the toughest period of their lives. Meanwhile, some of them choose to quit
and go back to their home country. It is a pity that they didnt insist on chasing their goals. They almost succeed.
We all know that nothing is too difficult if you put your heart into it. If they are able to firm their beliefs and be
strong enough, they will fulfill their expectations sooner or later.

Conclusion
In summary, cross boarder study for Chinese students has acted as a facilitator to reinforce international
communication between China and the whole world. In spite of sophisticated difficulties, Chinese international
students indeed have enhanced their comprehensive abilities in a diversity of aspects. No matter what their
original goals are, many of them have made remarkable contributions to realize the great rejuvenation of the
Chinese nation with their intelligence and efforts. Every one of them deserves acclaim and encouragement.

Works Cited
Hegarty, Niall, et al. An investigation on whether or not Chinese students have achieved their expectations to
study in U.S universities? International Journal of Research 9.1 (2014): 163+. Academic One
File. Web. 19 Nov. 2015.
Liu Hui, Fei-xue Fang, and Xiao-yang Yang. More Dialectical Thinking, Less Creativity? The Relationship
between Dialectical Thinking Style and Creative Personality: The Case of China. PLoS ONE
10.4 (2015). Academic One File. Web. 18 Nov. 2015.
Lu, Wang, et al. The impact of class discussions on attitudes of Chinese students in the US towards culture and
sustainability. China Media Research 11.4 (2015): 110+. Academic OneFile. Web. 17 Nov. 2015.
Yang, Xiaolan. Chinese college students rick attitude to moving abroad to study. Social Behavior and
Personality: An International Journal 43.5 (2015): 795
+. Academic OneFile. Web. 18 Nov. 2015.
Yang, ZhiRong, & Wang, Yun. The educational funds expenditure between China and U.S. Agriculture
Educational Research, Third Edition. (2015).

29

The Nature Of Materials And Solid State Changes In Metals

By: Alfonso Cabrera (Chile)
1. - Introduction
The understanding of the origin of materials helps any manufacturing to improve the growth of industry. In
the United States, the manufactured items of the gross national income and employed working force correspond
to 25% (ASNT 10). A broad discussion on the material properties, solid state changes and principal heattreatments will be introduced for better comprehension about the steel industry.
2. - Properties Of Materials
The chemistry establishes the smallest portion of matter to be the atom comprised by a nucleus, made up
of positively charged (protons) and uncharged ones (neutrons), surround by negative charged (electrons).
Spinning and traveling through their orbits and in continual movement, electron speed is supported by their
energy level, which is strongly affected by external conditions, such as temperature and pressure. Thus,
properties of any materials depend primarily on the atoms forces which will be able to establish the states of
matter, such as; gaseous, liquid, and solid state. The following properties will be useful to understand material
changes in solid state (ASNT 31).
1. Metallic Structure
According to the energy of a casting metal that is reduced by talking away heat because of external
conditions, the attraction between atoms will increase until they arrange themselves in definite three-dimensional
geometric patterns. These structures are called space lattices and consist of network grouping of unit cells that
are aligned in parallel planes. The most common crystal lattices are body-center-cubic, face-body-cubic, and
hexagonal closed packed that show the way of how electrons take place in a single unit cell (ASNT 32).
2.

Solidification

Because every atom cannot be cooled at the same rate and time, certain ones will assume their positions
of others, becoming a nucleus for crystal formation. In the process of assuming their positions, these first atoms
will give up kinetic energy throughout heat, which retards the slowing down of other atoms; but as soon as heat is
removed, other atoms will take their places along the sides of the already solidified unit cell, forming new cells that
share atoms. One of the most important features of any material is grain size that can be used as an indication, or
measure, of properties and an important influence on the mechanical properties of materials, and fortunately, can
be controlled by several methods influencing growth during solidification (ASNT 33).
3. - Plastic Deformation And Recrystallization
According to different states of matter, the physical and internal properties of the materials could be
changed in a solid state because of the redistribution of dislocations, change of grain size, external stress and
other metallurgical effects. In general, the most pronounced of these changes are permanent, and materials are
said to be strain hardened, cold worked, or work hardened depending on which type of change each material got
(ASNT 122).
1. Types of deformation
Permanent deformations of crystals occur in three ways: slip, twinning, and rotational deformation. The
degree of each of them is dependent on the physical characteristics of the particular metal such as; hardness,
ductility, malleability, etc.
Slippin deformation; it occurs by translation of the atomic planes within a crystal. If that movement causes
a considerable change, a lot of atomic planes will glide over adjacent planes to occupy new locations.

30

Twinning deformation; it appears frequently under loads applied quickly, instead of slow loads. The
planes of grain will be deformed by twisting.
Slipping and twinning deformation are illustrated in the picture below:

Credit by buzzle.com (Buzzle)

Rotational deformation; The level of stress below the elastic limit (range for temporal deformation, also
called resilience range) causes the crystals to be temporarily bent and deformed, but when the elastic limit has
been exceeded and slip deformation has occurred, sections of the lattice tend to bend and rotate, preferred
orientation (ASNT 34).
2. Recovery and recrystallization
The amount of deformation strain is proportional to instability, which will cause high probability of a
significant change within a material. In addition, temperature also has a strong influence in the process. Metals
that are cold worked are left with their grains in a strained and unstable condition due to that fact that the grains
have a tendency to return to the equilibrium of a lower energy state by equalization of internal crystalline stress.
Two kind of changes, recovery and recrystallization, take place upon the heating of a cold-worked metal.
Recovery occurs for some metals where electrical properties and corrosion resistance are improved, and
residual stress is reduced without sacrifice of mechanical properties keeping these metals at a determined
temperature. If the temperature is raised too high or maintained for too long of the time, hardness and strength of
the metal will decrease appreciably. This process involves rearrangement dislocations with no effect on the
external form of the crystals or grains (referred to as stress relief) (ASNT 35).
Recrystallization is a further heat treatment for maximum ductility permitting a change of shape by
deformation and elimination of deformed grains. That treatment will cause nucleation and growth of new, strainfree crystals from the strained crystals of a cold-worked material. Recrystallization usually is used in materials to
avoid suffering a fracture failure (ASNT 35).

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4. - HEAT TREATMENT OF STEEL

Steel has been treated by heating and cooling methods to vary its properties, to cause allotropic changes
(structure forms changes) being the most effective and most easily accomplished method of varying mechanical
properties. The following Heattreatment process place the material in an approximate equilibrium energy
condition (ASNT 38).
Austenitization: When steel is heated to above its critical temperature and held for some period of time, the
grain size will increased until a desirable amount. On the other hand, if the grain size is heated excessively, that
might cause an undesirable condition (ASNT 38).
Annealing: The purpose of annealing is to decrease hardness, increase ductility, and improve machinability
of high carbon steels that might otherwise be difficult to cut, maintaining a suitable temperature, and then cooling.
The treatment is also used to relieve stress, refine grain size, and promote uniformity of structure throughout the
material (ASNT 39).
Normalizing: The intention of normalizing is alike to of that annealing with the exceptions that the steel is not
reduced to its softest condition and the perlite is left as a fine grain. Pearlite is a crystalline structure with ductile
ferrite, hard and brittle cementite (ASNT 39).
Spheroidizing: The purpose of spheroidizing is to obtain minimum hardness and maximum ductility of steel,
which causes the iron carbide to form small spheres. All require the holding of the steel near the temperature
slightly below for a number of hours to allow the iron carbide to form in its more stable and lower energy state
(ASNT 39).
CONCLUSION
To conclude, according to manufacturing industry necessities, it is possible to find numerous types of
metals with ample range of properties because of their atomic configurations, where atoms internal forces affect
strongly material properties. Thus, attraction between atoms cause solidification, creating metallic structure,
where growth of grains is important to form metals with certain rates of permanent deformation, hardness, and
ductility.
Under my point of view, the heat treatment process is useful and necessary to optimize the mechanical
and physical properties of metals. Also, those improved properties might give materials more utility and long life
through choosing the correct heat treatment. Finally, this action might provide reliability to industrial equipment
and reduce maintenance costs to the steel industry.
Bibliography
Materials and Processes for NDT Technology. Columbus: American Society for Nondestructive Testing,
Inc. 1981.
Buzzle. Understanding the mechanism of plastic deformation. 10 December 2015.
<www.buzzle.com/articles/understanding-the-mechanism-of-plastic-deformation.html>

32

The You Tube Power

By: Jiwon Kim (South Korea)
For several recent years, the Internet has experienced an outburst of network video sharing systems,
and, by the whole of them, You Tube, which people used to watch more than 100 million videos every day, won
the position of the most successful video site (Cheng). According to eBizMBA, You Tube ranked second in traffic,
with one billion estimated visitors in a month, among all the sites on the Internet in December, 2015. Since You
Tube was established in early 2005, the compound of the fertile media and their social networks has led the great
accomplishment. In addition, You Tube is still renovating popular culture and the way to surf the Internet by
contributing to create a video community on a web even though it has elapsed over the past 10 years from
launching this site (Cheng). How has You Tube developed over 10 years, and how will You Tube develop in the
future?
First, there were some differences between before You Tube and after You Tube for the online video
service system, and the launching of You Tube and other competitors solved the problems before You Tube. As a
result of that, the presence of You Tube was constituted.
Before You Tube and After You Tube
Before establishing You Tube, there were several troublesome online video systems. Online videos had
remained for a long time, but people had difficulty with uploading, managing, sharing, and watching because there
wasnt a well-organized platform to be able to use easily. Furthermore, the videos given away by traditional media
servers and peer-to-peer (P2P) file downloads such as BitTorrent were isolated as units of content. In other
words, those were disconnected to other related videos like You Tube. Also, a shortage of reviewing and rating
system about the videos existed (Cheng).
However, the online video system has changed a lot since You Tube emerged. You Tube and its
competitors overcame prior difficulties. First, the systems let the content providers upload videos much easier,
and they can tag keywords of the video when they upload the videos. Second, through adding links or
embedding, whose form is like <embed>, users can share the video to other people more conveniently. Third,
users can assess the video by rating or commenting, and this function led to create a new social community in the
online video area. As a result of the rating system, a video which is evaluated with a high-leveled rate soars to the
top of the ranking depending on a very organic mechanism (Cheng). These diverse overcomes allow to shape
communities and groups on a web; consequently, the combination of those brought successfulness.
Elements of You Tube
Then, what does the You Tube system consist of? First of all, videos in You Tube are divided into 10
categories. The user can choose one from those 10 categories when they upload the video. The categories
include music, entertainment, comedy, sports, film and animation, people and blogs, gadgets and games, news
and politics, autos and vehicles, travel and places, how to and DIY, and pets and animals. According to the study,
the most preferred one is the Music category among those 10 categories, so the length of most of the videos in
You Tube is 3 to 4 minutes because the extension is general for most of the music. Also, there are some sets of
videos for recommendation to viewers in the You Tube site; recently featured, most viewed, top rated, most
discussed for today, this week, this month, and all time. Adobe Flash Player is a base of video playback
technology in You Tube, so, even if the user can upload every format such as .WMV, .AVI, .MOV, and .MPG,
those are transformed to .FLV(Adobe Flash Video) while the user uploads the video. It is also one of the critical
success factors to use a unified easily-playable format (Cheng).
Secondly, there are some characteristics of You Tube; three unique features which made You Tube a
social community, two kinds of motives for using You Tube, and a difference from traditional media.
Three Characteristics of You Tube
The three unique features of You Tube have prominently contributed to form a social group in the web.
One feature is the HTML markup. It is used for sharing the videos by adding it in mail or blog. People can follow
the address of the video and enjoy it effortlessly because all they have to do is just to click the markup once.

33

Another feature is the simple cut-and-paste function, which is already widespread with users of social networking
services now. This function is very common nowadays, but it was the innovation when the You Tube site was
opened. The other feature is the related videos, which is the unique function of You Tube. As I suggested above,
the uploaders can tag keywords of the video when they upload the videos. As a result, when a user views a video,
the user can be inspired by the related video, which is connected through a similar title, description, or tags
(Cheng).
Motives for You Tube
So then, why do people use You Tube? We can classify two kinds of motives; one is media-related
motives, and the other is interpersonal motives. According to media-related motives, people consume You Tube
for entertainment, searching information, killing time, and mitigating dullness. Also, interpersonal motives explain
why people use You Tube for interpersonal advantages, social benefit, social and interpersonal communication,
and chatting with others (Haridakis). Consequently, it is also the organic mechanism that people select You Tube,
which has a lot of media contents and well-developed social networking, despite there being many other similar
sites.
The Difference between You Tube and Traditional Media
Next, we can compare and contrast between traditional media and You Tube. Fundamentally, the
ultimate purpose for selecting and watching a video is not different. Even most of the contents in You Tube came
from TV at the first time. However, social interaction ability and co-viewing of You Tube made the big distinction
with traditional media. Social interaction in You Tube mostly is conveyed with rates and comments, and coviewing also can be included on a social interaction in a broad sense. The meaning of co-viewing is not just
viewing videos together physically, but sharing the videos with others as a part of social activities. Some
researchers have acknowledged that people spend the time watching the contents for a past long time in order to
not only enjoy the contents themselves but also have a time with their friends and family (Haridakis). For this
behavior, co-viewing, through which people who are far away from each other can share the time together, is
taking a center stage. Also, following the flow of this change, traditional media is supplying contents on You Tube.
Power of You Tube
Meanwhile, You Tube, the second most trafficked site among all of the sites, has shown its power in a
diverse field. Some people could be a super star by uploading video that recorded their talent, and some
celebrities used You Tube for interaction with their fans.
A Case of You Tube Power: Justin Bieber
Pop star Justin Bieber, who is the famous singer-songwriter from Canada, was a boy uploading his
homemade videos on You Tube. When he was 12 years old, he had a You Tube channel, and he posted his own
video in which he was singing and playing the guitar at the same time. During that time, he was discovered by
Scooter Braun, who became his manager later. This enabled him to meet Usher and sign to Island Def Jam
Recordings in 2009 (Adib). After that, his most popular song Baby hit 1 billion views on You Tube. This ordinary
boy has become a world star only through You Tube.
The Future of You Tube
Finally, You Tube became 10 years old this year. Then, how will You Tube advance in the next 10 years?
There are some predictions about the coming You Tube. First of all, You Tube launched the well-qualified viewing
video service You Tube Red on October 28 this year, and they will also launch You Tube Music Key, which is
the music streaming service, soon (Connolly). The beginning of those services is here, so we can expect that
those services will broaden worldwide entertainment services. Secondly, it will be a core of You Tube to broadcast
live sports in the next decade. There was some talk that You Tube would merge with other broadcast agencies
such as Sky and BT whenever the broadcasting right of the English Premier League is sold by action. However,
some experts predict that people could watch matches in every league, whose own channel will be established on
You Tube, all over the world by 2025. Also, the system of You Tube will be even more intelligent than now. You
Tube, in the future, could catch a viewers consuming behavior and needs improvement, so viewers of You Tube

34

will savor ample contents which fit with their taste. In addition, the rating system of You Tube will be more
elaborated. Contents suppliers, whoever posts the video on You Tube, are going to get real-time data, which
reveals how many people have watched and their thoughts about the content (Dredge).
Conclusion
To sum up, there had been some troubles to use online video before You Tube emerged because to
manipulate video sharing was very difficult for ordinary people, but You Tube and other competitors overcame
those problems. As a result, You Tube has developed as the most popular video sharing site. Its remarkable three
features which include HTMR markup, simple cut-and-paste, and the related videos led You Tube to triumph
among similar sites, and people started to use You Tube for media-related motives and interpersonal motives.
Using You Tube, people can notice not only common ground with traditional media like TV, but also a difference
with those: social interaction and co-viewing. Also, as much as You Tube has grown up, it has had the power on
various fields including entertainment, politics, and education. Even though the time has elapsed 10 years from
launching You Tube, it is predicted that You Tube has a hopeful future for tomorrow.
Some researchers who studied previous research have suggested that the Internet would split social
networks, and, finally, most people would face the extreme desolation and loneliness (Haridakis). Nevertheless,
sites which are related to social networks like You Tube have survived in the fierce competition, and some people
can make a closer relationship with the online community than earlier through those services. No matter how the
world has changed, the human is still a social animal. However, we should use those services well because some
dark sides clearly exist: copyright, privacy, violence and so on. The power can make a great world, but also lead
to destruction.
Works Cited
Adib, Desiree. "Pop Star Justin Bieber Is on the Brink of Superstardom." Online
posting. Abcnews. Abcnews, 14 Nov. 2009. Web. 4 Dec. 2015.
Cheng, Xu, Cameron Dale, and Jiangchuan Liu. "Statistics and Social Network of YouTube
Videos." IEEE. IEEE, 2-4 June 2008. Web. 4 Dec. 2015.
Connolly, Amanda. "YouTube's Music Key Beta Will End next Month, Leaving Non-US
Users in the Lurch." TNW Network All Stories RSS. INSIDER, 24 Oct. 2015. Web. 04
Dec. 2015.
Dredge, Stuart. "YouTube Is 10 Years Old, but What Will It Look like in 2025?" The
Guardian. The Guardian, 16 Feb. 2015. Web. 4 Dec. 2015.
Haridakis, Paul, and Gary Hanson. "Social Interaction and Co-Viewing With YouTube:
Blending Mass Communication Reception and Social Connection." Journal of
Broadcasting & Electronic Media 53.2 (2009): 317-35. Taylor & Francis Online.
Taylor & Francis Online, 08 June 2009. Web. 4 Dec. 2015.
N/A. "Top 15 Most Popular Websites | December 2015." Top 15 Most Popular Websites |
December 2015. EBiz MBA, Dec. 2015. Web. 04 Dec. 2015.

Memorization
By: Fatimah (Saudi Arabia)
Memory is the physiological organs or organized neural groups in the cerebrum for holding and
recovering data (Wang). Memory is not the same as other organs in our body. It is thing we cant touch. It is
referred to as the process of recalling (Mohs). Memorization is a process to recall something that we commit in
the memory. Nearly almost all human intelligence is working based on memorization. For this reason,
memorization is the key cognitive process. It behooves us to know how our brain retains information and some
strategies to memorize things.

35

General view to our brain

The brain is the most complex organ in our body. A human brain is excessively interconnected. There are
three parts of it which are the Cerebrum, Cerebellum, and Brain stem.
In this research as we talk about memorization, we will mention the organ that is related to memorize
which is a cerebellum. About 90% of all the brains neurons are located in the cerebral cortex. It has many
functions; it plays essential role in balance, motor control as well as in some cognitive functions such, attention,
language, and emotion. The important thing is the process of memorization. Moreover, the cerebrum also plays
an essential role in the memory, attention, perceptual awareness, thought, language, and consciousness.
It is partitioned into four principle areas or lobes, which cover both halves of the globe: the frontal flap
(included in cognizant thought and higher mental functions. For example, choice making, especially in the portion
of the frontal projection known as the prefrontal cortex, and has a critical impact in handling transient recollections
and holding longer term recollections which are not errand based); the parietal flap (included in coordinating
tangible data from the different faculties, and in the control of articles in deciding spatial sense and route); the
worldly projection (included with the faculties of smell and sound, the preparing of semantics in both discourse
and vision, including the handling of complex jolts like confronts and scenes, and assumes a key part in the
arrangement of long haul memory); and the occipital flap (fundamentally included with the feeling of sight). Inward
the medial temporal lobe is the district of the brain known as the limbic system which incorporates the
hippocampus, the amygdala, the cingulate gyrus, the thalamus, the hypothalamus, the epithalamus, the
mammillary body and different organs, huge numbers of which are of specific pertinence to the handling of
memory.
For example, the hippocampus is important for memory function. It works to transfer short to long term
memory as well as a control of spatial ability and behavior (The human memory). As we mentioned earlier, our
memory is made up of a group of systems. Each play a different role at the point when the brain forms data.
Typically, these distinctive frameworks cooperate to give firm thought.
For example when you say any thing such a pen your brain will recall the objects name, the shape, the
purpose from it ,and the sound that comes when you write and the paper the word pen comes from different
region of the brain (Mohs).

Memorization Techniques
If we didnt have an injury or disease in our brain we are not liable to forget any thing. Many people in
their life, at lease one time, have faced a problem to memorize things. Moreover, we see this issue every day in
school with students, and how they work hard to recall the information. To help people and ourself, we have to
know more about memory. In our brain, we have two terms of memory, short term and long term memory. In the
short term, the information will be lost due to the fact that short term memory has limited capacity, so the
information in short term memory will be lost unless we can shift it to long term memory.
To make our memory stronger we can use association. Also, when logical concentrations are made, our memory
becomes strong. For instance, in the anatomy when learning the bones, imagine the bone as a pathway. Then
draw the information about it from a mental image or a picture. By this way, you help your brain to use both the
left and right hemispheres of your brain. In the class or while we are studying, sometimes we have difficulty to
concentrate or memorize the information. Here are some strategies to improve the concentration and recall. In
addition, we will introduce some methods to help you to memorize.

General Tips
1- Focus and look out for correct information because it is hard to replace the wrong one with the right one.
2-It is hard for our brain to recall something mysterious. We have to make sure that we understand a notion. To
do that, read before class, and ask a question and explain what you understand with another person while you
review session.
3-It is difficult to remember a list of 10 items or more. Notwithstanding, by dividing this list into categories we can

36

escalate our ability to recall this strategy called Chunking.

4-Focus on main idea and summarize.
5-Use the connection between the things. This strategies is called peg. To make a connection by rhyme, an
unusual image or maybe sequence . For instance, to remember tree is the same rhythm of number three (
Memorization Techniques).
In addition to the above strategies, there are also some useful methods.

The Linking Method

The first one works by making an association between things in the list . We can use it by taking the first
image, and then visualizing the connection of the idea between items in the list. An example for this method ,if we
want to remember the list of countries in the south of England, we can do that by two approaches (the pure link
method and the story method) (Avon, Dorset, Somerset, Wiltshire, Devon, Gloucestershire, Surrey).
An AVON (Avon) lady knocking on a heavy oak DOoR (Dorset).
The DOoR opens to show a beautiful SuMmER landscape with a SETting
sun (Somerset).
The setting sun shines down onto a field of CORN (Cornwall).
The CORN is so dry it is beginning to WILT (Wiltshire).
The WILTing stalks slowly fall onto the tail of the sleeping DEVil (Devon).
On the DEVil's horn a woman has impailed a GLOSsy (Gloucestershire)
HAM (Hampshire) when she hit him over the head with it.
Now the Devil feels SoRRY (Surrey) he bothered her (Memory
Techniques ).

Cognates method
This method is used to improve the comprehension if we have a word that has the similar meaning or
spelling and pronunciation in the two languages. English shares many words with another language such as
Spanish or Arabic.
It works by making a connection between the word that you just learned with word that you have in your own
language. 30-40% of all words in English have a related word in Spanish.
English: family, center, desert Spanish: familiar, centro, desert
English: salad, camel, amber, algebra, sugar Arabic : salata, Gamal, anabar, al-jabr, sukkar
(Using Cognates to Develop Comprehension in English).
Peg Strategy
To use this method, connect new words with a sequence of words (the peg) that has a specific order and
that can be remembered automatically. For example, if students want to learn words related to the weather, they
might think of the day of the week (the peg) (Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, ...) and connect them with a certain
type of weather (Monday, muggy; Tuesday, torpid; Wednesday, windy; Thursday, thundering, etc.). Afterward
construct a picture in their mind of the sky on such a day. They can use other kinds of pegs as months of the
year, the names of friends, colleagues and relatives. Also you can use the room of the house, the parts of a car,
or anything you like as a peg.

Conclusion
In sum, as much we know about our memory, the better we will understand how our brain recalls the thing as well
as how you can improve your memory by some methods and strategies.

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Works Cited
Holden,William R. Learning to learn:15 vocabulary Acquisition Activities Tips and Hints. Modern English
Teacher; v8 n2 1999 p42-47. 1999-01-00
"Memory Techniques, Memorization Tips, How To Improve Memory |AcademicTips.org." Memory Techniques,
Memorization Tips, How To Improve Memory AcademicTips.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Dec. 2015.
"Memorization Techniques." Academic Support:. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Dec. 2015.
Mohs, PhD Richard C. HowStuffWorks. HowStuffWorks.com, n.d. Web. 08 Dec. 2015.
Oxford, Crookall Vocabulary Learning: A Critical Analysis of Techniques. TESL CANADA JOURNAL/ REVUE
TESL DU CANADA VOL. 7, NO. 2, MARCH 1990.
"Parts of the Brain - Memory & the Brain - The Human Memory." Parts of the Brain - Memory & the Brain - The
Human Memory. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Dec. 2015.
Wang, Yingxu. "Formal Description of the Mechanisms and Cognitive Process of Memorization." 6th IEEE
International Conference on Cognitive Informatics (2007): n. pag. Web. "Using Cognates to Develop
Comprehension in English." Using Cognates to Develop Comprehension in English. N.p., n.d. Web. 14
Dec. 2015.

Advertising Exploits Us
By: Alawiyyah (Saudi Arabia)
Many companies, nowadays, use advertising to show people or their customers about their new products.
Many people believe that advertisements help us to know about new products. However, I think that the purpose
of advertising is not just for knowing about new products, it is also to encourage us to buy them even though we
really do not need them.
The first point is if using advertising is just for showing a new product, then why do they try to gravitate
both genders by exploiting their human instincts. Why do they use other ways to trap people to buy that thing
instead of showing the advantages of that product. To illustrate this point, most advertising uses women and not
just any woman, they are very careful. They try to find the most beautiful woman. By choosing a beautiful
woman, women will buy that product to be like that woman, and on the other side, men will buy that product
because of the natural instinct in men toward women or because they see how that product has influenced
women toward men in different aspects. For example, they show the man who uses that product and women try
hard to make a relationship with that person. As a result, both genders follow their instinct to satisfy their
instincts.
Additionally, companies want to gain as
much money as possible. They will not lost their
money just to show people their new products. They
want to sell the biggest number of their products to
cover their budget that they spend on that advertising
and having more money to guarantee their products
are successful. This goal will not happen unless they
force people to by their product even though they do
not need it.
In conclusion, there is no company that uses
advertising to just show people about its products.
They want to encourage them to buy it even if they do
not have the real requirement for it. So, we should
have the control over our instincts and do not let
advertisers exploit us to achieve their purpose.

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