International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Technology (IJAERT), ISSN: 23488190

ICRTIET-2014 Conference Proceeding, 30th -31st August 2014

Window Technique based High Pass Filter Design Analysis for

Different orders
1

Priti Gupta, 2Rajesh Mehra

1
ME Scholar & 2Associate Professor,
1,2
Electronics & Communication department NITTTR, Chandigarh

ABSTRACT
Digital filter is the important part of communication
system It is impossible to transfer information through
channel without use of filter. Filter provides removal of
unwanted frequency component from the system and
provides perfect reconstruction of the signal at the
receiving end. For noise cancellation or reduction of
noise various type of digital filters are used. This paper
presents design analysis of high pass FIR filter using
different windows. Three windows are used for design
analysis namely Gaussian, Blackman, Hamming
window using Matlab. It can be observed from the
simulated results that Gaussian window provides less
transition width than Hamming and Blackman window.
Blackman window provide less stop band attenuation
with less pass band ripples comparing with Gaussian
and Hamming window.

DSP is applicable in many fields such as audio signal

processing, audio compression, digital image processing,
video compression, speech processing, speech
recognition, digital communications, RADAR, SONAR,
financial signal processing, seismology and biomedicine
[2].

Keyword: Bartlett window, Blackman window, Gaussian

window, High Pass Filter, Hamming Window,
Rectangular window.

Digital filtering is one of the most powerful tools of

DSP[2,3]. Many digital systems use signal filtering to
remove unwanted noise, to provide spectral shaping, or
to perform signal detection or analysis. Typical filter
applications include signal preconditioning, band
selection, and low pass filtering [3]. Filters can be two
types analog and digital filter. But digital filter has
important role in Digital Signal Processing because of
their linear phase characteristic, their characteristic does
not changed with the environment conditions. Digital
Filter can be two type Finite impulse response and
Infinite impulse response finite impulse response filter is
a filter whose impulse response (or response to any finite
length input) is of finite duration, because it settles to
zero in finite time [2]. This is in contrast to infinite
impulse response filters, which may have internal
feedback and may continue to respond indefinitely
(usually decaying).

1. INTRODUCTION
Digital Signal Processing is processing of signal in
digital domain. .DSP deals with the Transformation,
correlation and convolution of the signal. DSP is used to
measure, filter and compress the analog signal present in
the real word. Filters are the basic components of all
signal processing and telecommunication. Analog signal
is Sampled and converting it in digital form by using
analog to digital converter [1]. Different types of
converter techniques are used as per requirement for
converting analog signal in to digital form.

Specific examples are speech compression and

transmission in digital mobile phones, room correction
of sound in hi-fi and sound reinforcement applications,
weather forecasting, economic forecasting, seismic data
processing, analysis and control of industrial processes,
medical imaging such as CAT scans and MRI, MP3
compression, hi-fi loudspeaker crossovers and
equalization, and audio effects for use with electric
guitar amplifiers.

FIR Filter has following advantages over IIR:

1. FIR Filter has Finite Impulse Response where as
IIR filter has Infinite impulse Response FIR
Filter is linear phase and can easily controlled
Fig1. Signal Processing block daigram
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International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Technology (IJAERT), ISSN: 23488190
ICRTIET-2014 Conference Proceeding, 30th -31st August 2014

whereas IIR Filter has no particular phase and

difficult to control.
2. FIR Filter consists of only zeros but IIR filter
has both zeros and poles.
3. FIR Filter is Non recursive but IIR filter is non
recursive.
4. FIR depends on I/P only but IIR depends on
both I/P and O/P.
FIR filter can be different type such as low pass Filter,
high pass Filter, band pass Filter, band reject Filter, all
pass Filter. Traditionally High pass filter is designed to
pass high frequency component above the critical
frequency. The main concerned of this paper to analysis
the performance of High pass filter using window
techniques. Performance of the High pass filter is
measured in terms of transition width, stop band
attenuation and pass band ripples. Filter length also
affects the performance of filter.

2. WINDOW TECHNIQUES
The basic Structure of FIR Filter consists of multiplier,
delay elements and Adder to create filter output [3]-[6].
Where x(n) is the input, y(n) is the output and h(n ) is
filter coefficient and k is the order of filter.

H (Z) =1+

=0

=1

FIR Filter with no feedback N=0 then from equation 3

we have:H(Z)=
(4)
=0
Now considering the filter of length N (order M=N-1)
M1
k=0 bk

y(n)=
y(n)=

(1)

Output signal can be determine by

Y(n)=x(0)*h(n)+x(1)*h(n-1)+x(n)*h(0) (2)
Transfer function of a filter is given by:-

nK

(6)

Y(n) = bk

(7)

FIR Filter has only zeros so filter is called as all zero

filters.
It is also known as Non-recursive, transversal and feed
forward filter [1,5]. The basic Structure of FIR In
differential equation, the coefficient equals to the
successive value h (n) of unit-sample Response. There
are different methods of designing linear phase FIR
filters such as optimal filter design method, Window
method and
Frequency sampling method [4].
Window method is used in this paper to design FIR filter
and measure the performance. The basic design principle
of window function to calculate hd(n) through the
inverse Fourier transform from the desired frequency
response specifications Hd(w)[1].

jwn
n=0 hd (n)e
1

Y (n) =x (n)*h (n)

(5)

Now for impulse response x(n)=(n) then from equations

5 & 6 we have:-

Where hd = 2

We can express the output signal in frequency domain

by convolution of the input signal x(n) and the impulse
response h(n).

x nK

M1
k=0 h(K) x

Hd(w)=

Fig. 2 N-order FIR digital filter block diagram

(3)

(8)

()

Unit sample response of the FIR Filter becomes

h(n)=hd(n)w(n)

(9)

There are different type of window method is used for

designing of digital Filter. The rectangular window
function is defined as:w(n)=1 for 0nN-1

(10)

The Hamming window is like the Hanning window, also

a raised cosine window [2,5].The Hamming window
exhibits similar characteristics to the Hanning window
but further suppress the first side lobe. This window is
optimized to minimize the maximum (nearest) side lob.

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International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Technology (IJAERT), ISSN: 23488190
ICRTIET-2014 Conference Proceeding, 30th -31st August 2014

The hamming window is defined as

2
w(n) = -cos(1) for 0nN-1
with =0.54 and = 1-=0.4

(11)

The Blackman window is similar to Hanning and

Hamming windows [2,4]. An advantage with Blackman
window over other windows is that it has better stop
band attenuation and with less pass band ripple. The
Blackman window is defined as
2
4
w(n)= 0.42-0.5cos1+0.08cos1 (12)
for 0nN-1

Matlab is used to design the filter of different order. It

provides the analysis of filter in terms of their
parameters. In this paper performance of the high pass
filter is measured by window techniques and viewing the
variation in parameter by changing the filter order N
[4][6]. By varying the order N performance of the Filter
(FIR) filter is enhanced in terms of parameter that
provides better main lobe closer to ideal response but the
of number of multipliers, adder and delay block
increases [6]. It causes the increase in the cost of the
Filter.

3. MATLAB BASED DESIGN

1
)
2

2(

w(n)=1-

for0nN-1

(13)

The Kaiser window function is defined as

(14)
Parameter is determine the shape of the window and
thus controls the trade of between main lobe width and
side lobe amplitude [3]. When =0 then Kaiser window
behaves like as rectangular window and When =5.44,
thev resulting window is very similar to the Hamming
window.
Performance of the filter can be given by parameter such
as Pass band attenuation, Stop band attenuation, Pass
band peak to peak ripples, Transition width, and
Sampling frequency as shown in Fig. 2 ,where p is pass
band ripple, s is the stop band ripple wp is the edge of
pass band and ws is edge of stop band [2]. Transition of
the frequency response from pass band to stop band
defines as transition band or transition region of the filter
[1]. The width of the transition band is ws-wp.

The magnitude response of the high pass filter using

Gaussian window, Hamming window and Blackman
window is shown in Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6
respectively for filter order 16, normalized cut-off
frequency wc=1.256 rad/s, Fs=30KHz and Fc=12kHz.
Blackman window provides less number of stop band
attenuation and pass band ripple.
Magnitude Response (dB)
0

-5

Gaussian Window
-10
Magnitude (dB)

The Bartlett window function is defined as

-15

-20

-25

-30

-35

-40
0

10

12

14

Frequency (kHz)

Fig. 4 Magnitude Response of High pass filter using

Gaussian window
Magnitude Response (dB)
0

-10

Magnitude (dB)

Hamming Window
-20

-30

-40

-50

-60

Fig. 3 Magnitude characteristics of Filter

Frequency (kHz)

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12

14

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International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Technology (IJAERT), ISSN: 23488190
ICRTIET-2014 Conference Proceeding, 30th -31st August 2014

Fig. 5 Magnitude Response of High pass filter using

Hamming window

Magnitude Response (dB)

0

Magnitude Response (dB)

-20

Magnitude (dB)

-10
-20

Magnitude (dB)

Blachman Window
-30
-40
-50

Blackman Window

-40

-60

-80

-60

-100

-70
-80

-120
-90

10

12

14

Frequency (kHz)

-100
0

10

12

14

Frequency (kHz)

Fig. 6 Magnitude Response of High pass filter using

Blackman window
The magnitude response of the high pass filter using
Gaussian window, Hamming window and Blackman
window is shown in Fig.7 ,Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 respectively
for filter order 36, normalized cut-off frequency
wc=1.256rad/s, Fs=30KHz and Fc=12kHz .

Fig. 9 Magnitude Response of High pass filter using

Blackman window

4. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Comparison of different window techniques in terms of
filter parameters with changing the order is observed
from the different magnitude response (dB) of the high
pass filter is shown in Table1.
Table1 Comparison of different window techniques

Magnitude Response (dB)

Order Window
Technique

-5

Gaussian Window

-10

Transition
Width
(KHZ)

Stop
Band
Attenua
-tion
dB

Pass
Band
Attenua
-tion
(dB)

1.1076
5.1759
6.4432
0.5566
2.3510
2.7392

-19.8965
-47.6200
-75.2126
-21.9517
-52.3531
-74.8521

0.8252
0.4720
0.7284
0.5907
0.0335
0.1009

Magnitude (dB)

-15

-20

-25

-30

-35

N=16

-40

-45

10

12

14

Frequency (kHz)

Fig.7 Magnitude Response of High pass filter using

Gaussian window

N=36

Gaussian
Hamming
Blackman
Gaussian
Hamming
Blackman

Magnitude Response (dB)

Gaussian window is better in terms of the transition

width because it provides less transition width
hamming window, but Hamming window is better
than Blackman window. The magnitude responses of
different design techniques for high pass FIR filter
with normalized cut-off frequency ws = 1.256 rad/s
and filter order N= 16 and 36 are illustrated in Fig. 10
and Fig.11

-10

Hamming Window

Magnitude (dB)

-20

-30

-40

-50

-60

-70
0

10

12

14

Frequency (kHz)

Fig.8 Magnitude Response of High pass filter using

Hamming window
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International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Technology (IJAERT), ISSN: 23488190
ICRTIET-2014 Conference Proceeding, 30th -31st August 2014

REFERENCES

Magnitude Response (dB)

0
-10

Magnitude (dB)

-20

Gaussian
Hamming
Blackmam

-30
-40

[1] John G. Poakis, Dimitris G. Manolakis, Digital

Signal Processing (Principal, Algorithms and
Application), Pearson Education, Fouth Edition, pp. 5,
659-666, 2009.

-50

[2] S.Salivahanan, A.Vallavaraj,

C.Gnanaapriya,
Digital Signal Processing, Tata McGraw-Hill, Second
Edition pp. 446, 2010.

-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

Normalized Frequency ( rad/sample)

Fig10.Magnitude response of high pass filter for different

window for N=16
Magnitude Response (dB)
0

Magnitude (dB)

-20

Gaussian
Hamming
Blackman

-40

-60

-80

[3] Rohit Patel, Er. Mukesh Kumar, Prof. A.K Jaiswal,

Er, Rohit sexena, Deisgn Techniques of Band Pass FIR
Filter using Various Window Function, International
Orgnization of Scientific Research- Journal of
Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSRJECE), Vol. 6, Issue 6, pp. 52-57, July 2013.
[4] Sonika Gupta, Aman Panghal, Performance
Analysis of FIR Filter Design by Using Rectangular,
Hanning and Hamming Windows Methods,
International Journal of Advanced Research in
Computer Science and software Engineering, Vol. 2 ,
Issue 6, pp. 273-277, June 2012.

-100

-120
0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

Normalized Frequency ( rad/sample)

Fig11.Magnitude response of high pass filter for different

window for N=36

5. CONCLUSION
Frequency response analysis of High Pass FIR filter
using Gaussian window provides less transition width
comparing with the hamming and Blackman window at
the cut-off frequency=1.256 rad/s but side lobe has more
oscillations or ripple hence increases the stop band
attenuation. There are relatively large oscillations or
ripples near the cut-off frequency. While Hamming
window and Blackman window have less side band
attenuation and pass band ripples comparing with
Gaussian window. It is also seen from result that
increased filter length causes more number of ripple in
the Stop band and Pass band of High Pass Filter.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Authors would like to thank, Director, National Institute
of Teacher Training and Research, Chandigarh and
Director Kashi Institute of Technology, Varanasi for
their inspiration, motivation and support throughout this
research.

[5] Suhaib ahmed, Design Analysis of High pass FIR

filter using Hanning, Bartlett and Kaiser windows,
International Journal of advanced Research in Computer
Science and Software Engineering, Vol. 2, Issue 11, pp.
153-160, November 11, 2012.
[6.] Kanu Priya, Rajesh Mehra, Area Efficient Design
of FIR Filter using Symmetric Structure , International
Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and
Communication Engineering, Vol. 1, Issue.10, pp.842845, December 2012.
Authors
Priti Gupta received the Bachelors of
Technology degree in Electronics and
Communication Engineering from
Kanpur institute of Technology, Kanpur
,UPTU, Lucknow in 2009 and pursuing
her Masters of Engineering degree in
Electronics
and
Communication
Engineering from National Institute of Technical
Teachers Training & Research, Punjab Univsrsity,
Chandigarh. She is working as an Asst. Professor in the
kashi Institute of Technology, Varanasi.

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International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Technology (IJAERT), ISSN: 23488190
ICRTIET-2014 Conference Proceeding, 30th -31st August 2014

Rajesh Mehra received the Bachelors

of Technology degree in Electronics
and Communication Engineering from
National Institute of Technology,
Jalandhar, India in 1994, and the
Masters of Engineering degree in
Electronics
and
Communication
Engineering from National Institute of Technical
Teachers Training & Research, Punjab University,
Chandigarh, India in 2008. He is pursuing Doctor of
Philosophy degree in Electronics and Communication
Engineering from National Institute of Technical
Teachers Training & Research, Punjab University,
Chandigarh, India.
He is an Associate Professor with the Department of
Electronics & Communication Engineering,, National
Institute of Technical Teachers Training & Research,
Ministry of Human Resource Development, Chandigarh,
India. His current research and teaching interests are in
Signal, and Communications Processing, Very Large
Scale Integration Design. He has authored more than
175 research publications including more than 100 in
Journals. Mr. Mehra is member of IEEE and ISTE.

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International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Technology (IJAERT), ISSN: 23488190
ICRTIET-2014 Conference Proceeding, 30th -31st August 2014

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