2002 Atlantic hurricane season

1.1 Pre-season forecasts

The 2002 Atlantic hurricane season was an average

Atlantic hurricane season, ocially starting on June 1,
2002 and ending on November 30, dates which conventionally limit the period of each year when most tropical
cyclones develop in the Atlantic Ocean. The season produced 14 tropical cyclones, of which 12 developed into
named storms; four became hurricanes, and two attained
major hurricane status. The season ocially began on
June 1, although the seasons rst cyclone did not develop until July 14. Despite the late start, the 2002 season tied with 2004, 2007, and 2010 in which a record
number of tropical storms, eight, developed in the month
of September. It ended early however, with no tropical storms forming after October 6a rare occurrence
caused partly by El Nio conditions. The most intense
hurricane of the season was Hurricane Isidore with a minimum central pressure of 934 mbar, although Hurricane
Lili attained higher winds and peaked at Category 4 status
on the SarSimpson Hurricane Wind Scale.

On December 7, 2001, Grays team issued its rst

extended-range forecast for the 2002 season, predicting
above-average activity (13 named storms, 8 hurricanes,
and about 2 of Category 3 or higher). It listed an 86 percent chance of at least one major hurricane striking the
U.S. mainland. This included a 58 percent chance of at
least one major hurricane strike on the East Coast, including the Florida peninsula, and a 43 percent chance
of at least one such strike on the Gulf Coast from the
Florida Panhandle westward. The potential for major
hurricane activity in the Caribbean was forecast to be
above average.[1]
On April 5 a new forecast was issued, calling for 12
named storms, 7 hurricanes and 3 intense hurricanes. The
decrease in the forecast was attributed to the further intensication of El Nio conditions. The estimated potential for at least one major hurricane to aect the U.S.
was decreased to 75 percent; the East Coast potential decreased slightly to 57 percent, and from the Florida Panhandle westward to Brownsville, Texas, the probability
remained the same.[3]

The season was less destructive than average, causing

an estimated $2.6 billion (2002 USD) in property damage and 23 fatalities, mostly due to Isidore and Lili. In
September, Hurricane Gustav moved ashore on Nova
Scotia as it was transitioning into an extratropical cyclone, lashing the region with high winds for several days.
Isidore struck the Yucatan Peninsula and later the United
States, causing about $970 million (2002 USD, $1.28 billion 2015 USD) in damage, and killing a total of seven.
Several other storms directly aected land during August
and September, including the longest lived of the season,
Hurricane Kyle. In early October, Hurricane Lili made
landfall in Louisiana, where it caused $860 million (2002
USD) in damage and 15 deaths.

1.2 Mid-season forecasts

On August 7, 2002, Grays team lowered its season estimate to 9 named storms, with 4 becoming hurricanes
and 1 becoming a major hurricane, noting that conditions
had become less favorable for storms than they had been
earlier in the year. The sea-level pressure and trade wind
strength in the tropical Atlantic were reported to be above
normal, while sea surface temperature anomalies were on
a decreasing trend.[5]

On August 8, 2002, NOAA revised its season estimate to

710 named storms, with 46 becoming hurricanes and
13 becoming major hurricanes. The reduction was attributed to less favorable environmental conditions and
Noted hurricane expert William M. Gray and his asso- building El Nio conditions.[6]
ciates at Colorado State University issue forecasts of hurricane activity each year, separately from the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
Grays team determined the average number of storms 2 Season activity
per season between 1950 and 2000 to be 9.6 tropical
storms, 5.9 hurricanes, and 2.3 major hurricanes (storms The seasons activity, in which most were weak tropical
exceeding Category 3 on the Sar-Simpson Hurricane storms, was reected with a low cumulative accumulated
Scale). A normal season, as dened by NOAA, has 9 cyclone energy (ACE) rating of 67.[8] ACE is, broadly
to 12 named storms, of which 5 to 7 reach hurricane speaking, a measure of the power of the hurricane multistrength and 1 to 3 become major hurricanes.[1][2]
plied by the length of time it existed, so storms that last a

Seasonal forecasts

long time, as well as particularly strong hurricanes, have

high ACEs. ACE is only calculated for full advisories
on tropical systems at or exceeding 34 knots (39 mph,
63 km/h) or tropical storm strength. Although ocially,
subtropical cyclones are excluded from the total,[9] the
early portions of the tracks of Gustav and Kyle are not
omitted from the total ACE value above.

STORMS

(2002 USD, $263 thousand 2015 USD) in damage.[14] In

addition, one death was reported due to Bertha, a drowning due to heavy surf in Florida.[13]

3.3 Tropical Storm Cristobal

Main article: Tropical Storm Cristobal (2002)

3.1

Storms

Tropical Storm Arthur

Main article: Tropical Storm Arthur (2002)

Arthur formed out of a tropical depression o the coast of
North Carolina on July 14 from a decaying frontal zone.
It then moved out to sea, strengthening slightly into a tropical storm on July 15. Arthur gradually strengthened and
peaked as a 60 mph (97 km/h) tropical storm on the following day. However, cooler waters and upper level shear
caused it to weaken. By July 17, Arthur had become
extratropical, and moved north over Newfoundland. It
proceeded to weaken below gale strength.[10] The precursor system produced up to 4.49 in (114 mm) of rainfall
in Weston, Florida.[11] Later, one person drowned in the
Conne River in Newfoundland due to Arthur.[12]

3.2

Tropical Storm Bertha

Main article: Tropical Storm Bertha (2002)

A surface trough of low pressure that would later spawn
Tropical Storm Cristobal developed a tropical depression
in the northern Gulf of Mexico on August 4. It quickly
strengthened into a minimal tropical storm early on August 5, and made landfall near Boothville, Louisiana just
two hours later. Bertha weakened to a tropical depression, but retained its circulation over Louisiana. A high
pressure system built southward, unexpectedly forcing
the depression to the southwest. It emerged back over the
Gulf of Mexico on August 7, where proximity to land and
dry air prevented further strengthening. Bertha moved
westward, and made a second landfall near Kingsville,
Texas on August 9, having made no signicant gain in
strength.[13]
Across the Gulf Coast of the United States, Bertha
dropped light to moderate rainfall; most areas received
less than 3 inches (76 mm). Precipitation from the storm
peaked at 10.25 inches (260 mm) in Norwood, Louisiana.
Minor ooding was reported, which caused light damage
to a few businesses, 15 to 25 houses, and some roadways.
Overall, damage was very minor, totaling to $200,000

On August 5, Tropical Depression Three formed o the

coast of South Carolina from a surface trough of low
pressure the same trough that spawned Tropical Storm
Bertha in the Gulf of Mexico. Under a southerly ow,
the depression drifted southward, where dry air and wind
shear inhibited signicant development. On August 7, it
became Tropical Storm Cristobal, and reached a peak of
50 mph (80 km/h) on August 8. The storm meandered
eastward and was absorbed by a front on August 9.[15]
The interaction between the extratropical remnant and a
high pressure system produced strong rip currents along
the coastline of Long Island. The storm also caused
waves of three to four ft (1.2 m) in height. Three people
drowned from the rip currents and waves in New York.[16]

3.4 Tropical Storm Dolly

A tropical wave exited the African coast on August 27,[17]
and with low favorable conditions the system organized
into Tropical Depression Four on August 29 about 630 mi
(1,020 km) southwest of Cape Verde.[18] Six hours later,
the depression was upgraded to Tropical Storm Dolly after developing sucient outow and curved banding features.[19] The storm continued to intensify as more convection developed,[20] and Dolly reached peaked winds of
60 mph (95 km/h) on August 30.[17] After peaking in intensity, the storm suddenly lost organization,[21] and the
winds decreased to minimal tropical storm force.[22] After a brief re-intensication trend, Dolly again weakened
due to wind shear. On September 4 Dolly weakened to
a tropical depression, and later that day was absorbed by
the trough; it never aected land.[17]

3.5 Tropical Storm Edouard

Main article: Tropical Storm Edouard (2002)
Edouard formed out of an area of disturbed weather north
of the Bahamas on September 2. It drifted northward,
then executed a clockwise loop o the coast of Florida.
Despite dry air and moderate upper level shear, Edouard
strengthened to a peak of 65 mph (105 km/h) winds,
but the unfavorable conditions caught up with it. The
storm weakened as it turned west-southwestward, and
made landfall near Ormond Beach, Florida on September
5 as a minimal tropical storm. Edouard crossed Florida,

3.8

Hurricane Gustav

and emerged over the Gulf of Mexico as a minimal depression. Outow from the stronger Tropical Storm Fay
caused Tropical Depression Edouard to weaken further,
and Edouard was eventually absorbed by Fay.[23]

3
The storm dissipated shortly after as strong wind shear
continued to cause the storm to deteriorate while located
980 mi (1580 mi) southeast of Bermuda. The depression
never aected land.[28]

Tropical Storm Edouard dropped moderate rainfall

across Florida, peaking at 7.64 inches (194 mm) in
3.8 Hurricane Gustav
DeSoto County.[24] Though it was a tropical storm at
landfall, winds were light across the path of the storm
Main article: Hurricane Gustav (2002)
over land. Several roads were ooded from moderate precipitation. No casualties were reported, and damage was
An area of unsettled weather developed between the
minimal.[23]
Bahamas and Bermuda on September 6, and over the
next few days convection increased in intensity and coverage. On September 8, the system gained sucient or3.6 Tropical Storm Fay
ganization to be declared a subtropical depression o the
Southeast United States coast; later that day, the system
Main article: Tropical Storm Fay (2002)
was named Subtropical Storm Gustav. After attaining
tropical characteristics on September 10, Gustav passed
In early September, a low pressure center developed slightly to the east of the Outer Banks of North Caralong a trough of low pressure, and on September 5, the olina as a tropical storm before moving northeastward and
system had gained sucient organization to be a tropical making two landfalls in Atlantic Canada as a Category 1
depression, to the southeast of Galveston. The depression hurricane on September 12.[33][34]
drifted south-southwest while strengthening into Tropical Storm Fay, reaching its peak strength of 60 mph The storm was responsible for one death and $100,000
(95 km/h) on the morning of September 6. The sys- (2002 USD) in damage, mostly in North Carolina.
tem then abruptly turned to the west-northwest, and re- The interaction between Gustav and a non-tropical sysmained steady in strength and course until landfall the tem produced strong winds that caused an additional
next day, near Matagorda. It quickly degenerated into $240,000 (2002 USD) in damage in New England, but
a remnant low, which itself moved slowly southwestward this damage was not directly attributed to the hurriover Texas. The low eventually dissipated on September cane. In Atlantic Canada, the hurricane and its remnants brought heavy rain, tropical storm and hurricane
11 over northeastern Mexico.[25]
force winds, as well as storm surges for several days.[33]
The storm brought heavy rainfall in Mexico and Texas. Localized ooding was reported in areas of Prince EdThe storm also caused six tornadoes, up to 20 in (510 ward Island, and 4,000 people in Halifax, Nova Scotia
mm) of rain, and extended periods of tropical storm and Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island were left withforce winds.[25] The storm caused moderate ooding in out power.[35]
some areas due to high rainfall amounts, which left about
400 homes with some form of damage. In total, 400
houses sustained damage from ooding.[26] 1,575 houses 3.9 Tropical Storm Hanna
were damaged from the ooding or tornadic damage, 23
severely, amounting to $4.5 million (2002 USD, $5.92 Main article: Tropical Storm Hanna (2002)
million 2015 USD) in damage. No deaths are attributed
to Fay.[27]
In early September, a tropical wave merged with a trough
of low pressure in the Gulf of Mexico and spawned a
low pressure system. Convection steadily deepened on
3.7 Tropical Depression Seven
September 11 east of the upper level low and the surA tropical wave existed Africa on September 1, and af- face low; it was classied as Tropical Depression Nine the
ter initial development became disorganized. It moved next day. The disorganized storm moved westward, then
west-northwestward for a week, reorganizing enough by northward, where it strengthened into Tropical Storm
September 7 to be declared Tropical Depression Seven Hanna later that day. After reaching a peak with winds
about 1155 mi (1855 km) east-southeast of Bermuda.[28] of 55 mph (90 km/h), it made two landfalls on the
eventually dissipating on September 15 over
At the time, the depression had persistent convection Gulf Coast,
[36]
Georgia.
around a small circulation, and it moved steadily westward due to a ridge to its north.[29] Shortly after forming,
strong wind shear diminished the convection and left the
center partially exposed.[30] By September 8, there was
no remaining thunderstorm activity,[31] and the depression degenerated into a remnant low-pressure area.[32]

Because most of the associated convective activity was

east of the center of circulation, minimal damage was
reported in Louisiana and Mississippi.[36] To the east on
Dauphin Island, Alabama, the storm caused coastal ooding which closed roads and forced the evacuation of res-

4
idents. Florida received high wind gusts, heavy rainfall, and strong surf that resulted in the deaths of three
swimmers.[37] Throughout the state, 20,000 homes lost
electricity.[38] The heavy rainfall progressed into Georgia, where signicant ooding occurred. Crop damage
was extensive, and over 300 structures were damaged by
the ooding. The storm caused a total of about $20 million (2002 USD) in damage and three fatalities.[36]

3.10 Hurricane Isidore

Main article: Hurricane Isidore
On September 9, a tropical wave moved o the coast of
Africa, and by September 14 it was classied as a tropical depression. The next day the storm was located just
south of Jamaica, and it developed into Tropical Storm
Isidore. On September 19, it intensied into a hurricane, and Isidore made landfall in western Cuba as a Category 1 storm. Just before landfall near Puerto Telchac
on September 22, Isidore reached its peak intensity, with
wind speeds of 125 miles per hour (201 km/h), making
it a strong Category 3 storm. After returning to the Gulf
of Mexico as a tropical storm, Isidores nal landfall was
near Grand Isle, Louisiana on September 26, where the
storm weakened to a depression.[39]
Isidore made landfall on the Yucatan Peninsula of southern Mexico as a Category 3 hurricane on the SarSimpson Hurricane Scale, leaving $640 million (2002
USD, $842 million 2015 USD) in damage in the
country.[40] Despite dropping over 30 inches (760 mm) of
rainfall among other eects,[41] only two indirect deaths
were reported there.[42] As a tropical storm, Isidore produced a maximum of 15.97 inches (406 mm) of rainfall in
the United States at Metairie, Louisiana.[41] The rainfall
was responsible for ooding that caused moderate crop
damage, with a total of $330 million in damage (2002
USD, $434 million 2015 USD).[43]

3.11 Tropical Storm Josephine

A non-tropical low developed along a dissipating stationary front on September 16 in the central Atlantic
and drifted north-northeastward.[44] The National Hurricane Center classied it as Tropical Depression Eleven on
September 17 about 710 mi (1,150 km) east of Bermuda,
and initially the depression did not have signicant deep
convection.[45] A wind report early on September 18 indicated the depression intensied into Tropical Storm
Josephine. The storm continued generally northeastward,
steered between a subtropical high to the northeast and a
frontal system approaching from the west.[46] Josephine
maintained a well-dened circulation, but its deep convection remained intermittent.[47] Early on September 19
the storm began being absorbed by the cold front, and
as a tropical cyclone its winds never surpassed 40 mph

STORMS

(75 km/h).[48] Later that day Josephine transitioned into

an extratropical cyclone and suddenly intensied to winds
of 60 mph (95 km/h). The extratropical low was quickly
absorbed by another larger extratropical system on the
afternoon of September 19.[44][49]

3.12 Hurricane Kyle

Main article: Hurricane Kyle (2002)
A non-tropical low formed into Subtropical Depression
Twelve, well east-southeast of Bermuda on September
20. It became Subtropical Storm Kyle the next day,
and Tropical Storm Kyle on September 22. Kyle drifted
slowly westward, slowly strengthening, and reached hurricane strength on September 25; it weakened back
into a tropical storm on September 28. The cyclones
strength continued to uctuate between tropical depression and tropical storm several times. Its movement was
also extremely irregular, as it shifted sharply north and
south along its generally westward path. On October
11, Kyle reached land and made its rst landfall near
McClellanville, South Carolina. While skirting the coastline of the Carolinas, it moved back over water, and made
a second landfall near Long Beach, North Carolina later
the same day. Kyle continued out to sea where it merged
with a cold front on October 12, becoming the fourth
longest-lived Atlantic hurricane.[50]
Kyle brought light precipitation to Bermuda, but no signicant damage was reported there.[51] Moderate rainfall accompanied its two landfalls in the United States,[52]
causing localized ash ooding and road closures. Floodwaters forced the evacuation of a nursing home and several mobile homes in South Carolina. Kyle spawned
at least four tornadoes,[50] the costliest of which struck
Georgetown, South Carolina; it damaged 106 buildings
and destroyed seven others, causing eight injuries.[53]
Overall damage totaled about $5 million (2002 USD,
$6.58 million 2015 USD), and no direct deaths were
reported.[50] However, the remnants of Kyle contributed
to one indirect death in the British Isles.[54]

3.13 Hurricane Lili

Main article: Hurricane Lili
On September 16, a tropical wave moved o the coast of
Africa and across the Atlantic. It developed a low level
cloud circulation midway between Africa and the Lesser
Antilles on September 20. The next day, the system had
become suciently organized to classify the system as a
tropical depression about 900 nautical miles (1,700 km)
east of the Windward Islands. On September 30 Lili became a hurricane while passing over the Cayman Islands.
The storm attained Category 4 status in the Gulf of Mex-

5
ico before making landfall on the Louisiana coast on Oc- tion, names, landfall(s) denoted by bold location names
tober 2. The next day, it was absorbed by an extratropical damages, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are
low near the Tennessee Arkansas border.[55]
additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death
In Louisiana, wind gusts reaching 120 mph (190 km/h), would be a trac accident), but were still related to that
coupled with over 6 inches (150 mm) of rainfall and a storm. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm
storm surge of 12 feet (3.7 m), caused over $860 million was extratropical, a wave, or a low, and all of the damage
(2002 USD, $1.13 billion 2015 USD) in damage. A total gures are in 2002 USD.
of 237,000 people lost power, and oil rigs oshore were
shut down for up to a week.[56]

3.14 Tropical Depression Fourteen

A weak tropical wave moved through the Lesser Antilles
on October 9. As the system reached the southwestern Caribbean Sea on October 12, convection increased,
and a broad low pressure area formed later that day.
Over the next two days, the low signicantly organized,
and became Tropical Depression Fourteen at 1200 UTC
on October 14. The depression initially tracked westnorthwestward, but then curved to the north-northeast.
Due to vertical wind shear, the depression was unable to
intensify, and remained below tropical storm status during its duration. By 1600 UTC on October 16, the depression made landfall near Cienfuegos, Cuba with winds
of 30 mph (45 km/h). While crossing the island, the depression was absorbed by a cold front early on October
17. Minimal impact was reported, which was limited to
locally heavy rains over portions of Jamaica, Cuba, and
the Cayman Islands.[57]

Storm names

The following names were used on named storms that

formed in the North Atlantic during the 2002 season.
The names not retired from this list were used again in
the 2008 Atlantic hurricane season. This is the same list
used in the 1996 season with the exception of Cristobal, Fay, and Hanna, which replaced Cesar, Fran, and
Hortense, respectively. The names Cristobal, Fay, and
Hanna were used for Atlantic storms for the rst time in
2002.[58] Names that were not used are marked in gray.

4.1

Retirement

The World Meteorological Organization retired two

names in the spring of 2003; Isidore and Lili. They were
replaced in the 2008 Atlantic hurricane season by Ike and
Laura, respectively.[58]

Season eects

The following table lists all of the storms that formed in

the 2002 Atlantic hurricane season. It includes their dura-

6 See also
List of Atlantic hurricanes
2002 Pacic hurricane season
2002 Pacic typhoon season
2002 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons: 2001
02, 200203
Australian region cyclone seasons: 200102, 2002
03
South Pacic cyclone seasons: 200102, 200203

7 References
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[3] William M. Gray; et al. (April 5, 2002). Extended range
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[5] Klotzbach, Philip J.; Gray, William M. (August 7, 2002).
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[6] NOAA: 2002 Atlantic Hurricane Season Outlook. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. August
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[56] National Weather Service Lake Charles (2002). Lili

Preliminary Storm Report. National Weather Service.
Archived from the original on April 17, 2003. Retrieved
2008-04-08.
[57] Jack Beven (November 20, 2002). Tropical Depression
Fourteen Tropical Cyclone Report. National Hurricane
Center. Retrieved 2011-10-27.
[58] National Hurricane Center (2008). Worldwide Tropical Cyclone Names. National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration. Archived from the original on 4 August
2008. Retrieved 2008-08-04.

8 External links
Monthly Weather Review
National Hurricane Center 2002 Atlantic hurricane
season summary
U.S. Rainfall from Tropical Cyclones in 2002

9 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

9.1

Text

2002 Atlantic hurricane season Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_Atlantic_hurricane_season?oldid=694105113 Contributors:

Infrogmation, Dcljr, Tpbradbury, Cyrius, BigT27, ScudLee, Michael Devore, Golbez, Joseph Dwayne, Spiy sperry, Moverton, Rich
Farmbrough, Andros 1337, Bender235, Tom, Triona, Bob rulz, Water Bottle, Bart133, Burwellian, Ceyockey, Jdorje, E. Brown, Rjwilmsi,
Titoxd, RobertG, Mark J, Bgwhite, Quicksilvre, RussBot, Gaius Cornelius, RattleMan, CrazyC83, Lomn, Holderca1, Hurricanehink,
Red Jay, Thelb4, Camcallister, IrfanFaiz, SmackBot, Volcanictelephone, Weatherman90, PenguinCDF, ZS, Good kitty~enwiki, Mitchazenia, Lionheart Omega, Storm05, Juan andrs, Cyclone1, Ohconfucius, Icelandic Hurricane, Ev-Man, Coredesat, Weather Man, Thegreatdr, SandyGeorgia, Caiaa, Eliashc, Drinibot, Runningonbrains, Nilfanion, JonEastham, Thijs!bot, Epbr123, Headbomb, RaNdOm26,
Chacor, Seddon, GurchBot, VoABot II, Jason Rees, NatureA16, JamesyWamesy, AstroHurricane001, Plasticup, Juliancolton, Cainer91,
Hugo999, Oshwah, GimmeBot, NilfaBot, SieBot, WereSpielChequers, Lightmouse, Dabomb87, Motamman, Mild Bill Hiccup, NuclearWarfare, Dana boomer, Ramisses, Potapych, Cyclonebiskit, Addbot, Lou-86, Morriswa, Download, Lightbot, Iune, Luckas-bot, 12george1,
AnomieBOT, Jim1138, Yellow Evan, Knowledgekid87, Citation bot, Xqbot, Lemphilipps, FrescoBot, LittleWink, Hellknowz, Supportstorm, Trappist the monk, Diannaa, Tbhotch, DASHBot, John of Reading, Primefac, Strange Passerby, H3llBot, TyA, Rosalina2427,
Kajisawesome, TropicalAnalystwx13, Khaled98, ClueBot NG, Leeboy100, BG19bot, Sarahkat00, Hurricanefan25, Plmnji, Dustin V. S.,
WxBot, BlueTropicalWave, Typhoon2013, HurricaneTracker2003, Mpalblo, LyrickStudios1983 and Anonymous: 62

9.2

Images

File:14-L_2002_track.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/14-L_2002_track.png License: Public domain Contributors: Created using Wikipedia:WikiProject Tropical cyclones/Tracks. The background image is from NASA. Tracking
data from the National Hurricane Center.[1] Original artist: Nilfanion
File:2002_Atlantic_hurricane_season_summary_map.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/2002_
Atlantic_hurricane_season_summary_map.png License: Public domain Contributors: Created using Wikipedia:WikiProject Tropical cyclones/Tracks. The background image is from NASA [1]. The tracking data is from the National Hurricane Center's Atlantic hurricane
database Original artist: Supportstorm
File:7-L_2002_track.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/7-L_2002_track.png License: Public domain
Contributors: Created using Wikipedia:WikiProject Tropical cyclones/Tracks. The background image is from NASA. Tracking data from
the National Hurricane Center.[1] Original artist: See le upload history for details.
File:Arthur_2002_track.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Arthur_2002_track.png License: Public
domain Contributors: Created using Wikipedia:WikiProject Tropical cyclones/Tracks. The background image is from NASA. Tracking
data from the National Hurricane Center.[1] Original artist: See le upload history for details.
File:Arthur_Jul_15_2002_1545Z.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Arthur_Jul_15_2002_1545Z.jpg
License: Public domain Contributors: http://lance-modis.eosdis.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/imagery/realtime.cgi?date=2002196 Original artist:
NASA, MODIS/ LANCE, HDF File Data processed by Supportstorm
File:Bertha_2002_track.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Bertha_2002_track.png License: Public
domain Contributors: Created using Wikipedia:WikiProject Tropical cyclones/Tracks. The background image is from NASA. Tracking
data from the National Hurricane Center.[1] Original artist: See le upload history for details.
File:Commons-logo.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg License: ? Contributors: ? Original
artist: ?
File:Cristobal2002.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Cristobal2002.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: http://modis-atmos.gsfc.nasa.gov/IMAGES/index.html Original artist: NASA
File:Cristobal_2002_track.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Cristobal_2002_track.png License:
Public domain Contributors: Created using Wikipedia:WikiProject Tropical cyclones/Tracks. The background image is from NASA.
Tracking data from the National Hurricane Center.[1] Original artist: See le upload history for details.
File:Cyclone_Catarina_from_the_ISS_on_March_26_2004.JPG Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/
Cyclone_Catarina_from_the_ISS_on_March_26_2004.JPG License: Public domain Contributors: NASA Original artist: Astronaut photograph ISS008-E-19646 was taken March 7, 2004, with a Kodak DCS760 digital camera equipped with an 50-mm lens, and is provided by
the Earth Observations Laboratory, Johnson Space Center.
File:Dolly2002.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Dolly2002.jpg License: Public domain Contributors:
http://modis-atmos.gsfc.nasa.gov/IMAGES/index.html Original artist: NASA
File:Dolly_2002_track.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/Dolly_2002_track.png License: Public domain Contributors: Created using Wikipedia:WikiProject Tropical cyclones/Tracks. The background image is from NASA. Tracking data
from the National Hurricane Center.[1] Original artist: See le upload history for details.
File:Edouard_2002_track.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Edouard_2002_track.png License: Public domain Contributors: Created using Wikipedia:WikiProject Tropical cyclones/Tracks. The background image is from NASA. Tracking
data from the National Hurricane Center.[1] Original artist: See le upload history for details.
File:Fay_2002_track.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Fay_2002_track.png License: Public domain
Contributors: Created using Wikipedia:WikiProject Tropical cyclones/Tracks. The background image is from NASA. Tracking data from
the National Hurricane Center.[1] Original artist: See le upload history for details.
File:Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg License: Cc-bysa-3.0 Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Gustav_2002_track.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Gustav_2002_track.png License: Public
domain Contributors: Created using Wikipedia:WikiProject Tropical cyclones/Tracks. The background image is from NASA. Tracking
data from the National Hurricane Center.[1] Original artist: See le upload history for details.

9.3

Content license

File:HR_Gustav_2002.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/HR_Gustav_2002.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/view_rec.php?id=3888 Original artist: Jacques Descloitres, MODIS Land Rapid Response
Team, NASA/GSFC
File:Hanna_2002_track.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Hanna_2002_track.png License: Public domain Contributors: Created using Wikipedia:WikiProject Tropical cyclones/Tracks. The background image is from NASA. Tracking data
from the National Hurricane Center.[1] Original artist: See le upload history for details.
File:Hurricane_Kyle_26_sept_2002_1710Z.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Hurricane_Kyle_26_
sept_2002_1710Z.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: http://modis-atmos.gsfc.nasa.gov/IMAGES/MYD02/GRANULE/2002_09_
26/269.1710.rgb143.jpg Original artist: Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) image from NASAs Aqua satellite
File:Hurricane_Lili-_Peak.JPG Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Hurricane_Lili-_Peak.JPG License:
Public domain Contributors: http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/view_rec.php?id=4003 Original artist: Jacques Descloitres, MODIS Land Rapid
Response Team, NASA/GSFC
File:Isidore_2002_track.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Isidore_2002_track.png License: Public
domain Contributors: Created using Wikipedia:WikiProject Tropical cyclones/Tracks. The background image is from NASA. Tracking
data from the National Hurricane Center.[1] Original artist: See le upload history for details.
File:Isidore_AMO2002265_lrg.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Isidore_AMO2002265_lrg.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/view_rec.php?id=3897 Original artist: Jacques Descloitres, MODIS Land
Rapid Response Team, NASA/GSFC
File:Josephine2002.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Josephine2002.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: http://modis-atmos.gsfc.nasa.gov/IMAGES/index.html Original artist: NASA
File:Josephine_2002_track.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Josephine_2002_track.png License:
Public domain Contributors: Created using Wikipedia:WikiProject Tropical cyclones/Tracks. The background image is from NASA.
Tracking data from the National Hurricane Center.[1] Original artist: See le upload history for details.
File:Kyle_2002_track.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Kyle_2002_track.png License: Public domain Contributors: Created using Wikipedia:WikiProject Tropical cyclones/Tracks. The background image is from NASA. Tracking
data from the National Hurricane Center.[1] Original artist: User:Jdorje, updated by User:Nilfanion
File:Lili_2002_track.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Lili_2002_track.png License: Public domain
Contributors: Created using Wikipedia:WikiProject Tropical cyclones/Tracks. The background image is from NASA. Tracking data from
the National Hurricane Center.[1] Original artist: See le upload history for details.
File:Office-book.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/Office-book.svg License: Public domain Contributors: This and myself. Original artist: Chris Down/Tango project
File:People_icon.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/People_icon.svg License: CC0 Contributors: OpenClipart Original artist: OpenClipart
File:Portal-puzzle.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg License: Public domain Contributors: ?
Original artist: ?
File:Symbol_book_class2.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg License: CC
BY-SA 2.5 Contributors: Mad by Lokal_Prol by combining: Original artist: Lokal_Prol
File:TD7_07_sept_2002_1640Z.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/TD7_07_sept_2002_1640Z.jpg
License: Public domain Contributors: http://modis-atmos.gsfc.nasa.gov/IMAGES/MYD02/GRANULE/2002_09_07/250.1640.rgb143.
jpg Original artist: Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) image from NASAs Aqua satellite
File:TD_14_15_oct_2002.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/TD_14_15_oct_2002.jpg License: Public
domain Contributors: http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/natural_hazards_v2.php3?img_id=5183 Original artist: Image by
Jesse Allen, NASA Earth Observatory; data provided by the MODIS Land Rapid Response Team, NASA GSFC
File:TS_Fay_06_sept_2002_1915Z.jpg Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/TS_Fay_06_sept_2002_
1915Z.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: http://modis-atmos.gsfc.nasa.gov/IMAGES/MYD02/GRANULE/2002_09_06/249.
1915.rgb143.jpg Original artist: Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) image from NASAs Aqua satellite
File:TS_Hanna_13_sept_2002_1920Z.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/TS_Hanna_13_sept_2002_
1920Z.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: http://modis-atmos.gsfc.nasa.gov/IMAGES/MYD02/GRANULE/2002_09_13/256.
1920.rgb143.jpg Original artist: Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) image from NASAs Aqua satellite
File:Trop_Storm_Bertha_2002_Modis_image.JPG Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Trop_Storm_
Bertha_2002_Modis_image.JPG License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Tropical_Storm_Edouard_2002.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Tropical_Storm_Edouard_
2002.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/natural_hazards_v2.php3?img_id=4735
Original artist: Image courtesy Jacques Descloitres, MODIS Land Rapid Response Team at NASA GSFC

9.3

Content license

Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0