Reviewer in Science 9

I- A. Identification
Organic Chemistry- the study of carbon-containing molecules known as organic compound
Petroleum- known as fossil fuel since it came from the remains of plants and animals
Jon Jakob Berzelius- the first person to classify compounds as organic and inorganic
Organic Compounds- are compounds containing Carbon-Hydrogen bond
Inorganic Compounds- are compounds that do not contain Carbon-Hydrogen bond
* Exemption to the classifying of compound and is still considered inorganic:
Cyanide (CN-)
Bicarbonate (HCO3)
2 Carbonate (CO3 )
Carbide (SiC)
Carbon- a tetravalent & has the capacity to form 4 bonds to complete octet
Hydrocarbons- simplest organic compounds that are made up of carbon and
hydrogen
Structural Formula- is a graphic representation of a molecular showing the
arrangement of the different atoms and how they are bonded to each other
Tetrahedron- a solid figure contained by four triangular faces
Alkyl Group- derived from an alkane by the removal of one hydrogen
Alkanes- a hydrocarbon whose carbon atoms are all linked by a single bond
Alkenes- an unsaturated hydrocarbon whose carbon atoms are linked by a double
bond
Alkynes- an unsaturated hydrocarbon whose carbon atoms are linked by a triple
bond
Cyclic Type- the hydrocarbon when a carbon that are linked to form a ring
Cycloalkanes- cyclic saturated hydrocarbons
Methane (CH4) - simplest hydrocarbon
Ethene (C2H4) - simplest alkene

- a plant hormone that plays important roles in seed germination

and ripening of fruits
Acetylene or Ethyne- the simplest alkyne (C2H2)

- a highly reactive molecule used in oxyacetylene torches

Benzene (C6H6) - the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon
Naphthalene- a component of mothballs
Anthracene- used in making color designs in fabric
Parent Chain- the longest continuous chain in the molecule
Side Chain- smaller groups of molecule attached to the chain
Glycerol- anti-freeze compound
Formalin- a common disinfectant of biological specimens

- is commonly known as formaldehyde

IUPAC System of Nomenclature- systematic way of naming organic compounds
Functional Group- is responsible for chemical and physical properties of a
compound
Alcohol- contains the hydroxyl group as the functional group

Isopropyl Alcohol- the major component of rubbing alcohol

Ethers- compounds in which two hydrocarbon groups that can be aliphatic or
aromatic are attached to one oxygen atom
Dimethyl ether- a gas that is used as a refrigerant
Aldehydes- characterized by the presence of a carbon atom that is doubly bonded
to an oxygen atom and located at the terminal portion of the carbon chain
Acetaldehyde- a colorless gas or volatile liquid with a pungent and fruity odor
Ketones- the carbonyl group is found at the interior of the carbon chain
Acetone- is a colorless, volatile and flammable liquid
Carboxylic Acids- weak acids that are widely distributed in nature and are
commonly used in consumer products
Carboxyl Group- a combination of carbonyl and hydroxyl group
Ethanoic Acid- produced when ethanol is exposed to air and is oxidized under
special conditions
Formic Acid- the simplest carboxylic acid
Ester- is formed when carboxylic acid and an alcohol reacts with water as abyproduct
Amines- nitrogen-containing compounds
Methylamine- used in tanning industry; simplest amine
Ethylamine- used in oil refining and in organic synthesis
Polyamines- amines that contain more than one group of NH2 in one molecule
Ethylenediamine- is a chelating agent
Aniline- simplest aromatic amine
Amides- are formed when an amine containing hydrogen reacts with carboxylic
acids
Proteins- most important naturally occurring amide
Intermolecular Attraction- the attractive forces between molecules
Isomers- organic compounds that have the same molecular formula but different
structural formula
Mole- the specific number of particles
- defined as the number of particles present in exactly 12 grams of carbon-12
Atomic Mass Unit- the unit for molecular mass
- abbreviated as amu
Molecular Mass- the sum of the masses of the atoms in the molecule of the
substance
Molar Mass- the mass in grams of one mole of a substance
Grams Per Mole- the unit for molar mass
- abbreviated as g/mol

Pa
Pa


C1

C6

C2

C7

C3

C8

C4

C9

C5

C10

I-B. Enumeration
Common Carboxylic Acids:
Lactic Acid
Butyric Acid
Oxalic Acid
Common Esters Used For Flavoring:
Isoamyl Acetate
Ethyl Butyrate
Benzyl Acetate
Propyl Acetate

1.
4. Citric Acid
2.
5. Tartaric Acid
3.
6. Lauric Acid
7.
1.
5. Benzyl Acetate
2.
6. Methyl Butyrate
3.
7. Octyl Acetate
4.
8. Methyl Anthranilate
9.
10. Compounds That Are Responsible in Decaying Meat and Fish:
1. Putrescine
2. Cadaverine
3. Gaseous Hydrocarbons that are major components of LPG:
1. Propane
2. Butane
3. Compounds that Contain Carbonyl:
1. Carboxylic Acids
3. Ketones
2. Aldehydes
4. Esters
1. Properties of Organic Compounds
1. Boiling Points
3. Viscosity
2. Melting Points
4. Classes of Hydrocarbons:
1. Alkanes
2. Alkenes

3.
4.
1.
2.
4.
1.
3.

Alkynes
Examples of Aromatic Hydrocarbons:
Benzene
3. Anthracene
Naphthalene
Compounds that contain oxygen but not a carbonyl group:
Alcohol
2. Ethers
3 Main Parts of Systematic Names of Organic Compounds
4.
Prefix Stem Suffix
Causes of Acetaldehyde in the Persons Blood
Nausea
4. Facial Flushing
Vomiting
5. Rapid Heartbeat
Sweating
6. Reduction in Blood Pressure
General Properties of Organic Compounds
Mostly liquid or gas at room temperature
Low melting point and boiling point
Usually flammable and combustible
Do not conduct electric current
Generally soluble in nonpolar solvents and most are not soluble in water

5.
1.
2.
3.
7.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
8.
9. II.
Inorganic or Organic Compounds
10. 1. NaHCO3 - inorganic
11. 2. CH3COOH - organic
12. 3. H2CO3 - inorganic
15. III.
Alkane, Alkene, or Alkyne
16. 1. C2H2 - Alkyne
17. 2. C4H6 - Alkyne
18. 3. C5H12 - Alkane
19. 4. CH4 - Alkane

13. 4. SiC - inorganic

14. 5. CH4 - organic
20. 5. C6H12 - Alkene
21. 6. C9H20 - Alkane
22. 7. C5H10 - Alkene
23. 8. C3H4 - Alkane

24.
25.
26.
27.
28. IV. Naming:
29.

30.
31.
32. V. Molecular Mass
33.
1. Glucose, C6H12O6
34. C= 6 12.01 = 72.06
35. H= 12 1.008 = 12.096
36. O= 6 16 = 96
37.
-----------------------38.
180.156 amu
39.
40. VI. Molar Mass
41.
1. Table Salt, NaCl
42. Na= 1 23 = 23 g/mol
43. Cl= 1 35.45 = 35.45 g/mol
44.
45.

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58.45 g/mol