By
HOANG ANH HOANG, Ph.D.
Department of Biotechnology,
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, HCMUT
References
1. Carol Leth Stone (2004) The Basics of Biology,
Greenwood Press, USA
2. Harvey Lodish (2008) Molecular Cell Biology, 6th
edition, W. H. Freeman Publisher (2008)
3. Gerard J. Tortora et al. (2013) MICROBIOLOGY - An
Introduction, 11th edition, Pearson Publisher, USA.
4. Other sources.
Chapter 1:
The Biosphere and The Evolution of Life
I. The Biosphere
Nonliving part v.s. Living part?
The nonliving parts of Earth: the hydrosphere (water),
the atmosphere (air), and the lithosphere (rock).
The living part is the biosphere (3 domains)
Phylogenetic tree
Bacteria
- Negative gram bacteria (Ex: E. coli)
- Positive gram bacteria (Ex: L. monocytogenes)
Bacteria:
- Shapes and arrangements
Bacterial distributions
- soil
- water
- waste
- acid or base condition
- hot or cold temperature
- .
Archaea
- are prokaryote but they can survive at very
adverse conditions: very hot, very acidic, very high
salty,
- genome structure different from that of bacteria
Phylogenetic tree
Halophiles
Sulfolobus
Methanobacterium
Eukaryota
- Fungi
- Some microalgae
- Animals
- Plants
Fungi:
- unicellular microorganisms: yeasts and molds
Penicillium chrysogenum
Bread yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Fungi:
- multicellular fungi: mushrooms
Some microalgae
Virus?
Nonliving or living parts of the Earth??!!
HIV virus
Ebola virus
Virus shapes
Virus types
- Animal virus
- Plant virus
- Bacterial virus
- Archaea virus
Infection cycle
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Atomic component
Macromolecules
- Proteins 50%
- Nucleic acids 15%
- Carbohydrates 15%
- Lipids 10%
Chemical bonds
Elements of Life
Food chain
In terms of food, organisms
fall into three main
categoriesproducers,
consumers, and
decomposers.
Producers: plants and
micro-organisms
Consumer: animals
Decomposer: Microorganisms
No organism is a link in just
one food chain.
Biological control
PredatorPrey interaction
- Natural
- Selective
- Safe
Cycle of matters
Carbon Cycle
Cycle of matters
Nitrogen Cycle
Energy Pyramid
The energy transferred
at each level is
considerably less than at
the previous level
Changing population
Four things determine population size: birth rate,
death rate, immigration rate, and emigration rate
Charles Darwin
ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANT BACTERIA