1 2009 and
the implications to neutral data exchange between P&IDs as to the use of ISO
15926. (First Draft still under construction)
From Hindrik Koning
Date 20-03-2014
To Fiatech PCA Proteus 2
To Fiatech PCA Instrumentation & Control SIG.
To USPI team
To ISO SC184/WG3ST General
Summary
In view of the development of ISO 15926 on the neutral data exchange it is in general
strongly advised to reduce the number of all possible standards supported, as interoperatability requires a unreasonable amount of work at the first time but even more as the
standards comes in the five years review and update period.
This is specially applicable to the standards referring to the indication of control and
instrumentation on P&IDs as some of the functional codes cannot be mapped two ways in all
the different engineering phases.
Also many other items are troublesome to maintain, all reasons to look into it.
The recent version of the ISO 10628 / IEC 14617 and the reconfirmation of the ANSI/ISA
5.1 in 2009(from ANSI/ISA-5.1-1984) on the indication of Instrumentation on P&IDs made a
comparison and positioning of the two documents to the two represented P&ID worlds
worthwhile, we also will briefly touch VGB work (European power industry) and we briefly
will touch the VGB work as we know it of the KKS, we will exclude the KKS way of
designation in this first attempt to master the subject.
The ISO went even more and more over to a rather pure functional engineering method and
functional recording of it on the P&ID.
At the same time we conclude the ANSI/ISA has more materialized or single function oriented
way of engineering and the recording thereof.
This results in the following picture
ISO: FIRC
ISA: FT-FI-FR-FC
The translation seem easy but as there are no stringent rules to make the letter combinations
(we humans also like to test others with there own inventions)
This positions of ISO is in conceptual engineering / FEED and the ISAdetail engineering as
in the EPC work.(For basic engineering both can be used to the rules of EPC and principal. In
the past the rules for instrument identification where not to thight, a rule based transition
between the two system was not possible.
A designation system standard specifies how to name an object in the plant, and how to refer
to it with relative names on printed documentation like diagrams and data listings. Power
plant designation system standards like KKS [27] later RDS PP and IEC 61346 [13] provide
three major aspects:
There is no need to use them all three in full blown together
1) Function aspect the function and functional organization of a modeled system
2) Location aspect the physical locations of subsystems and components
3) Product aspect the assembly structure of the system implementation.
This document will in his first appearance only deal with the Functional aspect as
indicated in the upper part of the balloons on P&IDs
Table of content.
1. Introduction
1.0 Contents and Function of the P&ID
1.1 ISA way of working
1.2 ISO way of working
1.3 VGB (KKS) and the Power Industry way of working
2 The letter codes (identification) annotation , the Symbols for instruments on P&IDs
Identification and Reference Designation
2.2 Conclusion to Identification Characters/Letters
2.2.2,The application of the ISO 10628 and ISO 14617 for instrument symbols
2.2.1.The application of the ANSI/ISA 5.1 2009.
3 Rule based engineering from functional engineering as in ISO to materialized engineering
more developed in ANSI/ISA 5.1
Comment [h1]:
Comment [h2]:
Annex 1 The symbols as per ISO 10628, ANSI-ISA 5.1 and ISA
Annex 1.1 The ISO 60617 ISO 14617 all symbols
Annex 1.2 The ISA recognizes different types of performers of the functions to be executed,
to location and systems
Annex 1.3 Powergeneration to VGB and KKS or RDSPP
Annex1.4 Review of Standards Henrik Johansen
1 Introduction
A piping and instrumentation diagram/drawing (P&ID) is a diagram in the process
industry which shows the piping of the process flow together with the installed Process
equipment, piping (and components) and instrumentation.
1.0 Contents and Function of the P&ID
For all systems (methods of generating P&IDs) to be discussed we have the functional
indication in the upper part of the baloon. The lower part will give a designation, sequence
number, a break down oriented number or multi coded as , functional, product, location
(KKS).
The functional part is way more uniformed than the designation part, that has a lot of different
theoretical and practical backgrounds
1.1 ISA way of working
= A piping and instrumentation diagram/drawing (P&ID) is defined by the ISA A diagram
which shows the interconnection of process equipment and the instrumentation used to
control the process. In the process industry, a standard set of symbols is used to prepare
drawings of processes. The instrument symbols used in these drawings are generally based
on International Society of Automation (ISA) Standard S5. 1.
Not the whole S5.1 standard is applicable on the P&ID, the SAMA diagrams, Signal
processing function block symbols, Electrical schematic symbols have nothing to do on the
P&ID. The title of ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 Instrumentation Symbols and Identification is not
consistent with the content of the document
1.2 ISO way of working
= The primary schematic drawing used for laying out a process controlinstallation.P&IDs play
a significant role in the maintenance and modification of the process that it describes. It is
critical to demonstrate the physical sequence of equipment and systems, as well as how
these systems connect. During the design stage, the diagram also provides the basis for the
development of system control schemes, allowing for further safety and operational
investigations, such as a Hazard Analysis and Operability Study commonly pronounced as
HAZOP.
The ISO 10628 itself does not contain I&C symbols but refers to IEC 10417 or IEC 60617.
ISO 10628-2:2012 defines graphical symbols for the preparation of diagrams for the
chemical and petrochemical industry. It is a collective application standard of the ISO
14617 series
1.3 VGB (KKS) and the Power Industry way of working
Also here the systems (methods of generating P&IDs) to be discussed we have the
functional indication in the upper part of the baloon.
The lower
part will give a designation, sequence number, a break down oriented number or multi coded
as , functional, product, location (KKS).
The functional part is in line with the others, designation part as in the KKS or RDS is uniform
for power plants (same equipment in same place) of course less to Oil & Gas and the process
industry.
[1]
[2]
[3]
IEC 61346-2, Industrial systems, installations and equipment and industrial products
Structuring principles and reference designations Part 2: Classification of objects
and codes for classes
[4]
IEC 81714-3, Design of graphical symbols for use in the technical documentation of
4
Letter
A
B
H
I
J
Analysis
Burner, combustion
User's choice (usually
conductivity)
User's choice (usually
density)
Voltage
Flow rate
User's choice (usually
gaging/gauging)
Hand
Current
Power
Level
User's choice
C
D
E
F
G
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
Column 3
(Readout/Passive
function)
Alarm
User choice
Column 4
(Output/active
function)
Column 5
(Function
modifier)
User choice
User choice
Control
Close
Difference
Deviation
Sensor
Ratio
Gas
Glass/gauge/viewing
High
Indicate
Scan
Time rate of
change
Control station
Light
User choice
Orifice
Point/test connection
Totalize/integrate Totalize/integrate
Record
Safety
Multifunction
Low
Middle /
intermediate
User choice
User choice
Open
Switch
Transmit
Multifunction
Run
Stop
Valve or damper
X-axis
Well or probe
Accessory devices,
unclassified
Unclassified
Y-axis
Auxiliary devices
Z-axis
Actuator, driver or
unclassified final
control element
Unclassified
In the letter code, the first letter defining the main process variable of the control function as
in functional design (conceptual design or initial part of feed), or of the all the equipment parts
in the control loop are the same.
The second character the variable modifier are almost the same, except that ISO now thus
not define the Z for a switch in a Safety Instrumented System ???? a comic
2.2.2,The application of the ISO 10628 and ISO 14617 for instrument symbols
This standard start purely functional, when all functions are allocated to the P&ID in the one
single balloon much of the letter combination identification is making up
10
=LAC35BP001 is a KKSCode
note PIC and P result in a double code
11
12
But we need the other way around when talking from functional engineering to
materialized engineering, this will be discussed below.
The rule based translation from the functional examples (so we talk only about the function
code as in the upper part of the balloon) above (old DIN 19227 ISO 10628 and ISO
10417 ??? to the more materialized ANSI/ ISA is doable
In the table next page below we see a number of letter combinations that are the same as in
ISO as ISA.
Our problem is only in ISOs pure functional notation where different functions of a control
diagram/control loop (not a loop diagram) are given in one balloon,
The different functions as we find in a control loop areTransmitter (sensor) alarms
switches controllers alarms switches actors, as hardware but functionally speaking we
should talk about Transmission, alarming switching controlling alarming and acting or
correctingthis will appear in one balloon but for interoperatability reasons we should be able
to read it back and forward to other systems, this of course to systems that do basic and
detailing engineering by conversion to the components, performers of those functions
The next question is how is the sequence of the functions (in the main) balloon including the
question how do we designate the functions to the later added performers. When they will get
their own equipment type balloon
IEC:2008(E)
13
Power plant
ISO/TS 16952-10:2008 contains sector-specific stipulations for structuring principles and
reference designation rules on technical products and technical product documentation of
power plants.
It applies in combination with ISO/TS 16952-1, IEC/PAS 62400 and VGB B 101 for the
classification of systems and objects, and for function-, product- and location-specific
designation of technical products and their documentation for power plants.
It specifies the designation blocks for the clear identification and localization of the technical
products, which are used for their labeling in the plant, for their designation in technical
documents and for the designation of the technical documents as well.
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
The functional designation and the materialized designation (the things you can kick are not
affected by the use of wireless transmission
21
22
= ClassOfFunctionalObject
= ClassOfInanimatePhysicalObject
(the "design")
(the "hardware")
Introduction
The activities around the implementation of ISO 15926 are, for the most, bottom-up, which is
good for a quick deployment. This document tries to sketch a scenario for true lifecycle
information management on the basis of ISO 15926.
The design of a plant is, in principle, not different from the design of a car or airplane. Just the
number of copies is different. Where a car design is used to produce up to millions of such a
car, a plant design usually (not always) results in one plant. Sometimes multiple plants or
parts thereof are built according a plant design (e.g. in cases of parallel "trains", and in cases
the design of a process licensor is being used).
The objects handled in the design process are classes, resulting in a car class (e.g.
Mercedes 300SEL) or airplane class (e.g. Boeing 747), with numerous variant classes, due to
customer requirements.
All components of such a design are classes as well.
Process design
The design of a plant starts with process design. In essence this is ClassOfActivity-centric,
with instances of ClassOfStream*) as input and output, and instances of
ClassOfFunctionalObject as the participants whose function, once materialized, it is
to execute the activity to the stream(s).
*) Not a Part 2 entity type, shall be in the RDL as a subclass of
ClassOfInanimatePhysicalObject.
This functional process design results in documents like a PFD (Process Flow Diagram) and
Heat and Material Balances. Derived from that the "Process Conditions" for equipment, piping,
and instrumentation are produced.
Functional and Plant Design
Although disputed by some, the concept of the so-called Hamburger Model, designed by
WimGielingh et al in 1988, explains this:
23
Hamburger Model
This can be applied at all composition levels, from the entire plant down to components.
If you read:
- Functional Unit
= ClassOfFunctionalObject
- Technical Solution
= ClassOfInanimatePhysicalObject
Youre pretty close to understanding the concept.
(the "design")
(the "hardware")
Now the engineering groups (Process, Mechanical, Control Systems, Electrical, and Piping)
translate this process design into P&IDs (Piping and Instrument Diagrams) and specifications
for all plant items.
If you look at the specification/data sheet for P101, you see things like:
service description (what does it do in the context of the plant?)
functional requirements, for process equipment often expressed in term of process
conditions
physical requirements, such as materials, pressure and temperature ratings, corrosion
allowances, etc
protection against hazards (weather, explosion, fire, human exposure, etc)
connections (process, electrical)
testing requirements
references to other documents and standards
etc
All of them are criteria for membership of the class P101.
Most of these requirements are based on the place and role that P101 has in the plant design.
If the process design and/or plant design changes, we may need a different P101 class, with
its definition recorded in a revised specification/data sheet.
24
And if a member of the P101 class had already been installed, we may need another pump. If
the existing installed pump complies with those new criteria for membership, it can stay in situ,
if not we have to obtain and install another PhysicalObject that does comply with the
revised P101 class.
25
26
27
The project team was comprised of gas turbine design specialists as well as senior gas
turbine and combined-cycle plant operations and maintenance management personnel. The
team determined that a standard equipment breakdown structure and coding should feature
the following characteristics: (1) sufficient but not excessive detail to meet utility plant needs;
(2) generic information that covers all manufacturers' equipment; (3) a hierarchical design
with respect to equipment function to facilitate reliability analysis and reporting; and (4)
rationalized information with respect to other equipment coding systems such as the
European coding standard--Power Plant Designation System (KKS). Major equipment
manufacturers reviewed the coding structure and nomenclature to ensure completeness and
accuracy.
Results
EPRI's standard equipment breakdown structure and coding provides an approach for
accurately monitoring the impact of a component failure, maintenance action, or repair and
replacement strategy on plant availability. This listing also provides a basis for accumulating
historical operational and failure information that can be used to assess equipment problems
from a reliability, availability, and maintainability perspective.
The standard equipment breakdown structure and coding has been adopted by the
Operational Reliability Analysis Program (ORAP), which is an industry wide reliability
database on gas turbine and combined-cycle equipment. Over the past year, Anchorage
Municipal Light and Power (AML&P) and Florida Power and Light (FP&L) have used the
structure and coding for reporting gas turbine and combined-cycle reliability data. AML&P
used the listing as a basis for a more detailed capitalization of its gas turbine equipment and
documented increased income of $1.8 million, in part, due to the new coding (EPRI Innovator
IN-103307). FP&L used the structure and coding to index its plant maintenance history files.
Two manufacturers have adopted the coding internally for describing their own equipment
breakdown structures.
EPRI Perspective
EPRI has developed an equipment breakdown structure and coding to standardize and
facilitate data collection and reporting. The hierarchical structure is flexible, allowing for
changes such as new emissions controls and more complex combined-cycle power plants. In
all, the listing provides a uniform, consistent organization of outage and maintenance events
reported directly by users of the various equipment. The primary objective is to help power
plant personnel accurately attribute frequency of events, event durations, and corrective
actions to specific plant components. Tests have shown that the standard equipment
breakdown structure and coding is effective and easy to use. EPRI recommends its
application throughout the industry to improve plant-to-plant and utility-manufacturer
communications. Establishing the equipment breakdown structure and coding as an industry
wide standard is a key goal.
5.2 Technical information about the KKS power plant classification system
The KKS power plant classification system is a system for identifying plants, systems,
subsystems, equipment items, electrical and I&C cabinets, and buildings and rooms,
depending on viewpoints of the plant operating companies. Application of the KKS
classification system is specified and prescribed by the guidelines of VGB PowerTeche.V.
Note:
Not only the KKS power plant classification system can do so but any coherent system will do for Oil Gas and the
Process Industry, as the content (all the troublesome work) of the more uniform Power Industry is not to be copied
28
29
The KKS designation has an invariable structure based on breakdown levels. The level of
detail of the designation increases from left to right. The structure of the breakdown levels is
alphanumeric. In the explanation below, A stands for letters and N for numerals. A blank is
inserted between the breakdown levels. In the point of installation designation, the breakdown
symbol "." (period) is inserted between breakdown levels 1 and 2.
30
31
32
33
34
35
ArtrA Librarian
Librarian is a complete document management system and provides sophisticated but easy
to use tools for managing and linking documents to a model. Librarian uses ArtrA tags and
CAD attributes in 3D process plant & BIMs to create document links with its SQL database.
ArtrA manages documents by their properties (author, date etc.), categories (O&M,
installation, isometric, weld report, defects, etc.) and disciplines (piping, instrumentation,
architectural, structural, etc.) and is ideally suited to the process planning and AEC document
control environment.
36
Comment [h4]:
37
38
history as well.
Specification Forms
Specification Forms (or Instrument Data Sheets) define each tag-numbered
instrument with sufficient detail that a supplier can quote and eventually furnish
the device. For a typical Specification Form, see Chapter 4, Figures 4-4,
4-5 and 4-6. More importantly, the Specification Form retains the critical information
needed by control system technicians, such as the manufacturer, model
number, range, power requirements and other features needed to define the
device for maintenance.
After tag numbers are entered on the Instrument Index or List, the control
system design group starts a Specification Form for each tag-marked item.
Developing these Specification Forms can be a major part of the control
system design groups effort. Specification Forms must be completed to secure
bids from suitable suppliers, to purchase the items from the successful bidders,
and to generate a permanent record of what was purchased.
Binary Logic Systems
There usually is some on-off or binary or discrete control in a continuous process
plant control system. Discrete control is defined in the ISA Dictionary as on-off
control. P&IDs are excellent documents to define continuous control systems.
Other methods are needed to define on/off control. ISA-5.1 and Chapter 6
include descriptions of many of these as does ANSI/ISA-5.06.01-2007 Functional
Requirements Documentation for Control Software Applications.
As the design progresses, the need to define on-off control will become evident.
For instance, on a pulp and paper mill project, it may be necessary to isolate a
pump discharge to prevent pulp stock from dewatering in the pipe if the pump
is shut down. An on-off valve is added to provide the isolation, but it is necessary
Introduction 11
to document why that device was added and what it is supposed to do. Since
this on-off control may affect many design groups, it is important to define it
as early and as accurately as possible.
Loop Diagrams
A Loop Diagram is a schematic representation of a control loop, which in its
idealized form is comprised of a sensing element (often called a transmitter), a
control component (perhaps part of a shared display, shared control system),
and a final control element (usually a control valve or a variable speed drive
on a motor). It depicts the process connections, the instrumentation interconnection,
connections to the power sources, and the signal transmission
methods, whether pneumatic, electronic, digital or a combination thereof. For
a typical Loop Diagram see Chapter 7, Figure 7-7.
Finally, when all connection details are known and electrical design has progressed
to the point that wiring connection points are known, the control systems
design group can develop Loop Diagrams. These diagrams show all the
information needed to install and check out a loop. Because these diagrams
may repeat information that the piping and electrical design teams included
on their drawings, it is critically important that the control systems design
group coordinates closely with other disciplines.
Installation Details
Installation Details are used to show how the instruments are interconnected
and connected to the process. They are also a primary coordination tool
between disciplines. The details provide the means used to mount and support
39
the devices and the specific requirements for properly connecting them
to the process. Installation Details are discussed in Chapter 8.
The control systems design group develops Installation Details based on the
specific requirements of the devices it has specified, along with any facility
owner-driven requirements. The installation requirements needed for good
operation and control are established by the instrument suppliers, by various
industry groups and by the owners themselves. These requirements are then
documented in the Installation Details. These details may be developed for
the project, for the specific site, or possibly by the owners corporate entity.
Location Plans
Location Plans are orthographic views of the facility or process area, drawn to
scale, showing the locations of field mounted transmitters and control valves.
A method for presentation of the concatenations of reference designation sets has been
introduced in IEC 61082-1 edition 2. This form of presentation have been used, in the same
standard, also for concatenation of signal names to a reference designation (see IEC 610821 item 7.1.8 and figure 52). The method was introduced to IEC 61082-1 after IEC 61175
edition 2 was published and therefore the method is not mentioned or used in this standard.
The method, described in IEC 61082-1, of presenting concatenation of a signal name to the
reference designation of the signal domain shown as a boundary frame in a circuit diagram is
recommended to be used. Therefore the reader of this standard shall consider the reference
designations shown in relevant figures (see list below) to be written as shown in figure 52 of
IEC 61082-1 edition 2.
Example: In figure 2b) of this standard shall the reference designation =MA1 be understood
as written =MA1; (a semicolon added after the designation).
This corrigendum is applicable for the following figures: Figure 2b), Figure 10b), Figure 13,
Figure 14, Figure 20, Figure 21 and Figure B.3.
This draft corrigendum was prepared but CO did not accept to deal with the changes as a
corrigendum. CO instead proposed an amendment, but that has so far not been prepared.
Considering that the Maintenance Result Date for IEC 61175 is already 2011, a MCR will be
distributed suggesting a complete revision.
This plenary meeting has also another issue to consider. The convener for MT 17 will in the
beginning of 2011 retire on a pension and therefore a new convener is needed.
Diagrams, such as circuit diagrams and connection diagrams, for example for test circuits,
shall be prepared in accordance with IEC 61082-1. Graphical symbols used in schematic
diagrams shall be in accordance with IEC 60617 and ISO 14617. Reference designations and
signal designations shall be in accordance with IEC 81346 and IEC 61175 respectively.
40
(Beuth-Verlag)
ISO/TS 16952-10 Technical product documentation Referencedesignation system Part 10:
Power Plants
- most important international standard, replaces KKS guideline,to be published in
Q1/2008(Beuth-Verlag)
DIN ISO/TS 16952-10 Kennzeichnungssystematik fr technische Produkte und
technischeProduktdokumentation Teil 10: Kraftwerke
- German version of ISO/TS 16952-10to be published in Q1/2008, replaces DIN 677910(Beuth-Verlag)
DIN 6779-2 Structuring principles for technical products and technical product
documentation - Part 2: Letter codes - Main classes and subclasses
of objects according to their purpose or task(Beuth-Verlag)
IEC/PAS 62400: Structuring principles for technical products and technical product
documentation - Letter codes - Main classes and subclasses of
objects according to their purpose and task(Beuth-Verlag)
VGB-B 101 RDS-PP Reference Designation System for Power Plants (system
key),English version to be published in November 2007
(VGB PowerTech Service GmbH)
VGB-B 116 RDS-PP Reference Designation System for Power Plants, Application
explanations,to be published in December 2007 (German version) and April 2008
(English version)(VGB PowerTech Service GmbH)
Software-Tool Supplementary information and an efficient way of experiencing the
RDS-PP and the interrelations in designation and documentation by
selected examples,to be published in April 2008
(VGB PowerTech Service GmbH)
41
Annex 1 The symbols as per ISO 10628, ANSI-ISA 5.1 and ISO
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
Annex 1.2 The ISA recognizes different types of performers of the functions to be
executed, to location and systems
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89