MID-SEMESTER EXAM

KKKM3324 Electrical Machines and Power

Question 1
In the magnetic circuit below, the air-gap is g = 5 mm, I = 40 A, N = 250 turns, cross section
of the iron everywhere A = 40 mm*50 mm.

a)

Draw an analog electric schematic for the magnetic circuit for both cases of iron
cores = and . (5 points)

Assuming that the iron core has an infinite permeability, solve the following problems
b)
c)
d)

Calculate the flux density in the air-gaps. (10 points)

What would be flux density in the air gaps if the current is i = 40 sin(377t) A. (10
points)
For the above (c), what would be the voltage induced in the coil? (5 points)

Question 2
A 50 kVA, 10 kV/ 250 V, 60 Hz, single-phase transformer has the following test results:
Open-circuit test (open the high voltage side): 250 V, 5 A and 250 watts measured on the low
voltage side and Short-circuit test (short the low voltage side): 300 V, rated current, and 500
watts measured on the high voltage side.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

Draw the simplified high-voltage side referred equivalent circuit in actual values. (8
points)
Calculate the winding resistance in actual values. (8 points)
Draw the simplified equivalent circuit in pu values. (8 points)
Calculate the leakage reactance in pu values. (8 points)
A load is connected to the low voltage side, drawing 50 kVA with pf = 0.866 lagging
at 250 V. calculate the high-voltage side voltage. (8 points)

Question 3
For a balanced 3-phase circuit below, the source voltage is 208 V. Calculate:

a)
b)
c)

The real (active) and reactive power of each load, (10 points)
The total real and reactive power of both loads, and (10 points)
The real and reactive power provided by the source. Explain why the source reactive
power differs from the total load reactive power. What about the source real power
and the total load real power (should they be equal)? (10 points)

KKKM3944 System Design

1.
2.
3.

4.
5.

Give one example of a hydraulic fluid power system. (2 marks)

Briefly explain why a hydraulic system provides a more precise control compared to a
pneumatic system? (3 marks)
Draw the graphical symbol of a four-way, three-position, pilot controlled, tandem
neutral DCV. Discuss the advantage of using a tandem neutral DCV as compared to a
closed neutral. (5 marks)
Explain the importance of the AND valve for some industrial applications. (5 marks)
Products are to be date-stamped (for expiry date) and packed into cartons. The cartons
themselves are also to be date stamped on the flap as shown in Figure 1. The date
stamp is fitted to the end of a linkage via a fulcrum pin. The linkage comes into
contact with the carton flap when a double acting cylinder extends. The signal to start
this operation to meet the requirements of the system. (10 marks)

Figure 1

6.

Table 1 shows some of the information for the design of a cordless drill.
a) Place all the information in the right place in a Quality Function Deployment
diagram. (10 marks)
b) Estimate suitable relationships between the customer needs and engineering
characteristics. (5 marks)
c) Calculate the relative importance of each engineering characteristics. (5 marks)
d) Propose suitable targets for the specification of the proposed cordless drill. (5
marks)

Table 1
Customer needs
Can use tool continuously
Tool is powerful
Tool is multi-purpose
Tool is easy to handle
Tool is long-lasting

Relative importance
25
25
20
20
25

Competitor 1
2
4
3
5
1

Competitor 2
3
5
2
1
5

Engineering characteristics
Maximum power
Torque
Work output
Mass
Tool life

Units
W
Nm
kJ
Kg
hours

Competitor 1
85
1.5
25
1.6
500

Competitor 2
60
1.1
20
1.3
750

KKKM3124 Fluid Mechanics II

Part A
Question 1

An incompressible viscous fluid is placed between two large parallel planes as shown in
Figure 1 below. The bottom plate is fixed and the upper plate moves with a constant velocity,
U. For this condition, the velocity distribution between plate is linear and can be expressed as
u=U

a)
b)
c)

y
b
In terms of components of a fluid motion, describe what would happen to the fluid
elements between the plates. (2 marks)
Determine the rotation vector. (4 marks)
Determine the vorticity. (4 marks)

Question 2
Consider the following form of the momentum of Navier-Stokes equation:
2

( V ) V = p+ V
a)
b)

Identify four assumptions required in order to simplify the general momentum

equation into the above form. (8 marks)
If the flow is inviscid, simplify the above form of momentum equation. (2 marks)

Question 3
a)
b)

Explain how stream function can be used to form streamlines? (6 marks)

For a group of streamlines in a flow domain, explain mechanism to determine flow
direction? (4 marks)

Question 4

a)
b)

State three conditions that allow a flow to be classified as potential flow. (6 marks)
Describe what stagnation streamline is and its significance in modelling potential flow
around a solid body. (4 marks)

Question 5
a)
b)

Give the definition of a boundary layer. (4 marks)

Describe what happen to the flow past a flat plate (in terms of inertial and viscous
effects) if the Reynolds number is large. A sketch may be added to help your
description. (6 marks)

Question 6
a)
b)

Part B

Give four (4) factors that influence coefficient of drag (C D) for bodies under external
flow. (4 marks)
Explain why there is a sudden drop in coefficient of drag (C D) at point E in (Figure 2)
for flow around a smooth cylinder. (6 marks)

Question 1
Consider a steady, two-dimensional, incompressible flow of a Newtonian fluid with the
velocity field:
u=2 xy

v = y 2x 2

w=0

a) Show that this flow satisfies conservation of mass. (6 marks)

b) Determine pressure gradients in both x and y directions, for this flow. (8 marks)
c) Find the pressure field p(x, y) if the pressure at point (x = 0, y = 0) is equal to p 0. (6
marks)

Question 2
For a two-dimensional incompressible flow, the velocity vector is given as follows:
V =3 y i+ 2 x j

a)
b)
c)

Verify that this velocity field satisfies the continuity equation. (4 marks)
Determine the corresponding stream function (x, y). (8 marks)
Then, determine the corresponding velocity potential (x, y). (8 marks)

KKKM3144 Heat Transfer

Section A
1)
2)

3)
4)

Write down the equations and the name of the laws that govern each mode of heat
transfer and explain the mechanism of heat transfer for each mode. (9 marks)
What is the difference between transient heat transfer and steady heat transfer? Would
you consider the cooking process of a roast beef in an oven to be transient or steady
heat transfer? Explain. (6 marks)
Write down three important factors that affect the convective heat transfer. (6 marks)
How are the average friction and heat transfer coefficient determined in flow over a
flat plate? (9 marks)

Section B
Question 1

One side of a refrigerator wall is constructed of a thick fiberglass insulation (k = 0.035

W/m.C) sandwiched between two layers of 1 mm thick sheet metal (k = 15.1 W/m.C) as
shown in Figure 1. The height of the wall is 1 m and the width is 1 m. The air in the
refrigerator is maintained at 3 C and the temperature of the surrounding air (kitchen air) is 25
C. The average heat transfer coefficients at the inner and outer surfaces of the refrigerator
wall are 4 W/m2.C and 9 W/m2.C respectively.
a)
b)
c)

d)

Sketch and label the thermal circuit network of the heat transfer process. (4 marks)

Determine the convection heat transfer from the outer surface of the wall, Qconv . (2
marks)
Determine the rate of heat loss from the wall by convection and the thickness of the
insulation, L if the temperature of the outer surface is to be maintained at 20 C. (4
marks)
Suggest how to reduce further the rate of heat transfer through the wall if the total
thickness of the wall cannot be changed. (2 marks)

e)

If the insulation material is replaced with vacuum, what happens to the rate of heat
transfer? Explain. (3 marks)

Question 2
A 2 m x 2 m section of wall of an industrial furnace burning natural gas is not insulated, and
the temperature at the outer surface of this section, T wall is measured to be 80 C. The
temperature of the furnace room (where the furnace is located), T is 25 C, and the combined
convection and radiation heat transfer coefficient at the surface of the outer furnace, hcomb is
10 W/m2.C. It is proposed to insulate this section of the furnace wall with glass wool
insulation (k = 0.038 W/m.C) in order to reduce the heat loss by 70 percent. Assuming the
outer surface temperature of the metal section still remains at about 80 C, answer the
following questions:
a)

Draw the schematic of the wall and thermal resistance network and identify all the
resistance and surface temperature on the diagram with insulation. (4 marks)
Determine the rate of heat transfer from the outer surface to the surrounding without

the insulation, Qconv . (2 marks)

b)

c)

Determination the total resistance, Rtotal if the rate of heat transfer is reduced by 90
percent after insulation. (2 marks)
Determination the thickness of the insulation, L that needs to be used in order to
obtain the 70 percent reduction of the heat transfer rate. (4 marks)
Is it possible to reduce the rate of heat transfer by 100 percent? Explain. (3 marks)

d)
e)

Section C
Question 1
During an experiment of cooling an orange by using air, the heat transfer coefficient for
combination of convection, radiation, and evaporation for air velocities that is less than 0.33
1

m/s is expressed as

h=5.1k air 3 D . The orange is cooled by refrigerated air at 5 C and 1

atm at the velocity of 0.3 m/s. In the case of 5 cm diameter of orange that is initially at 20 C
with thermal conductivity of 0.5 W/m.C:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

Determine the Reynolds Number. (3 marks)

Calculate the heat transfer coefficient that is expressed fro the experiment. (3 marks)
Determine the rate heat transfer from the orange. (3 marks)
Determine the Nusselt Number. (2 marks)
Analyse the temperature gradient at the orange surface. (4 marks)

Question 2
The electrically heated 0.6 m height and 1.8 m long windshield of a car is subjected to
parallel wind at 1 atm, 0 C, and 80 m/s. The electric power consumption is observed to be 50
W and the exposed temperature is 4 C. By using momentum heat transfer analogy:
a)
b)
c)

Calculate the average heat transfer coefficient. (5 marks)

Calculate the average friction coefficient. (5 marks)
Analyse the drag force of the wind exerts on the windshield. (5 marks)

KKKM3344 Control Systems

1.

The transfer function of a closed loop feedback system is given by

T ( s )=

Y (s)
2K
= 2
R ( s ) s +3 s+2+2 K

The system is subjected to a reference input r(t) = 10.

a) Find the values of the natural frequency, n and damping ratio,
in terms of K. (5 marks)
b) Determine the value of K which gives a percentage overshoot of
around 9.5 %. (10 marks)
c) For the value of K which you found in 1(b), determine the steady
state error. Discuss if this is a good controller to be used under
normal circumstances. (10 marks)

2.

Figure 1 shows the block diagram of unity feedback closed loop

control system where

G ( s )=

1
s (s +5)(s +7) , and

Gc (s)

is a constant

gain.

Figure 1
The root locus plot is shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2
a) Determine the closed loop transfer function. (5 marks)
b) Determine the range of values of Gc (s) for which the closed
loop system is stable. (10 marks)
Gc ( s ) at which the closed loop system
c) Determine the values of
starts to oscillate. (10 marks)