SEMINAR: 5

TOPIC: NUTRITION
SPECIFIC TOPIC: MINERALS

LESSON GOALS: At the end of the lesson Ss will able to know about minerals and add their
words and expressions related with carbon dioxide
 Ss will read the text about minerals and answer the questions
 Ss will enrich the student’s vocabulary related with text
 Students will do puzzle
 Ss will watch video lesson about minerals
USING MATERIALS:
 World Health Organization “The management of nutrition in major emergencies” Geneva 2000
 Êay Yockey Mehas, Sharon Lesley Rodgers ”Food Science and You”
 Harms H.R “Experience Technology” London 1997
 Morello A.M “Microbiology” London 2006
 www.fao.org
 www.who.org
 Grammar in use

GRAMMAR SECTION: ENGLISH PRONUNCATION

¯ãýíä îðñîí ýãøèã ¿ñãèéí òîîã ¿íäýñëýæ àíãëè ¿ãñèéã 1, 2, 3 ãýõ ìýò îëîí ¿åò ãýæ íýðëýäýã.
1. 1 ¿åò – no, but, go, note, dense
2. 2 ¿åò – doctor, teacher, student
3. 3 ¿åò – beautiful, wonderful, difficult

Ýãøèã ¿ñýã íü ¿ãýíä îðñîí õýëáýð áàéäëààð íü 4 àíãèëæ õóâààäàã.

1. Çàäãàé ¿å
a [ei] – Kate, name, same
e [i:] – be, Pete, Eve
o [ou] – rose, close, no, bone
u [ju] – use, music
i [ai] – life, time, fine, nine
y [ai] – my, sky, why, fly, spy

2. Áèò¿¿ ¿å
a [æ] – cat, can, camp, back
e [e] – dog, hot, top
o [o] – dog, hot, top
u [^] – bus, cut, up
i [i] – pig, singer, it, sit
y [i] – system, myth

3. Ý + R
ar [a:] large, arm, hard
or [o:] fork, or
er [ə:] her, term
ur [ə:] fur, burn, turn
ir [ə:] sir, girl, first
yr [ə:] byrd
4. Ý + R +Ý
ar + Ý [eiə] hare, mare, care
er + Ý [ie] here, mere
or + Ý [o:] more, tore
ur + Ý [juə] pure, cure
ir + Ý [aiə] fire, tired
yr + Ý [aiə] tyre
Äóóòàé ãèéã¿¿ëýã÷:l, m, n, v, r
Äóóã¿é ãèéã¿¿ëýã÷: p, d, t, k, x, n
Õîñ ãèéã¿¿ëýã÷:
1. Sh
2. Ch
3. Tch
4. Wr
5. Kn
Ýíãøèãèéí íèéëýìæ:
Ai
My ei wait, rain, pay, play,day

Air – eý hair, chair

Alf – a:f half

Alm – a:m calm, palm

Au, augh, aw – taught, daughter, saw

All – o:l all, tall

Alk - o:k talk, walk

“O”
Oa –ou boat, coat
Oy- oi boy, toy
Ook- uk book, look
Oon- u:n moon
Ol- oul told, old, cold
Ow- au down, tawn
Oor –o;- door, floor
Ou- au about, round
Om- am some, come
On-an son, month
Oth –ad other, brother
Ov – av glove, love
Our- auý our, hour, flour
Ower auý flower, shower
Oul- u could should would
Ought –o ought
Of course you know the alphabet, but you are sure can pronounce all the letters?
Put the letters in the right column, according to the pronunciation of the vowel.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

ei I: e ai ou u: a:
 a b f i q

You will hear ten English names (people and places) dictated. Write them down on a separate piece of
paper.
When we are spelling out loud notice how we break up a long word to allow the other person time to
write it down.
Example:
Henderson. Hen (pause) der (pause) son
Gillian Gill (pause) ian
Remember that vowel sounds link with any consonant sound that comes before, and this happens a lot
when you are spelling
Example: Holmes eit ýu el em i: es
Spell your names and address to your partner
Try to say it with speed and rhythm
If your partner makes a mistake, you might have to help like this
Not p, b for ball
Not e, a for apple
English names
Are the following English names girl’s names (g), boys’ names (b) or surnames (s)?
Sometimes the same name with fit two categories.
Jane Atkins
Tracy James
Frances Green
Jean Ellis
Pat Wilmot
Joe Hughes
Graham Joyce
Terry Robson
Joan Alan

Practice spelling them out loud.

PM BBC RSVP UNO
BA PhD PTO PS
MP EEC VAT eg
BSc UFO mph ie

 NEW WORDS AND VOCABULARY

BEFORE READING TEXT, READ THE SOME NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS,
EXPLAINING OF THE THEM, AND FIND OUT AND GUESS WHAT THE MEANINGS ARE
IN MONGOLIAN.
 Mineral – mineral is a substance such as tin, salt, or coal that is formed naturally in rocks and in
the earth
 Cell – Cell is the smallest part of an animal or plant
  Muscle – Your muscles are the internal pieces of body tissue which connect your bones together,
and which you expand and contract when you make a movement
 Balance – A balance is the stability that someone or something has when they are balanced on
something
 Contribute – If you contribute to something, you say, or do something to help make it
successful
 Component – The components of something are its parts
 Include – If you include something else, it has it as one of its parts

 READING

READ THE TEXT ABOUT MINERALS. TRY TO UNDERSTAND THE MEANING OF THE
ANY NEW WORDS OR EXPRESIONS WHILE YOU ARE READING THE TEXT. AFTER
THAT, LOOK FOR NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS.

Minerals
Like vitamins, minerals are found in a wide variety of foods. Your body use minerals
for many processes. The minerals also become a part of the human body – cells, fluids, muscles, and
bones.
Here are some of the minerals you need:
Calcium and phosphorus work together, along with vitamins d and A, to help you build strong bones
and teeth. They also help keep other parts of the body healthy.
Potassium and sodium are needed for keeping the water balance in your body. Potassium is also
needed for a normal heartbeat.
Your body also needs small amounts of many other minerals. These include copper, iodine (EYE-
uh-dine), magnesium (mag – NEE-zee-um), selenium (suh-LEE-nee-um), and zinc.
Minerals are elements that the body needs in varying amounts. Those needed in amounts of 0.1 g or
more each day are known as major minerals. These include sodium, calcium, phosphorus, chlorine,
potassium, sulfur, and magnesium. Minerals the body needs in amounts of 0.01 g or less each day
known as trace minerals. Iron, zinc, iodine, copper, manganese, fluorine, chromium, selenium are
trace minerals.
Sodium:
Sodium, a highly reactive metallic element, is found in the body as positive sodium ions. Sodium is
important because it helps maintain the balance that allows water to flow freely in and out of cells.
Table salt is the primary source of sodium for most people. Excessive amounts of sodium can be
problem to those with high blood pressure or heart disease. In fact, excessive sodium may contribute
to the onset of these problems. Therefore it is recommended that most people limit their salt intake.
Calcium
Calcium is important in many ways in the body. It is one of the main components of teeth and bones.
It is needed to build and maintain strong bones. It also circulates in the body.

 READ THE TEXT AGAIN AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS

1. What are the minerals?

2. Where are the minerals?
3. Do mineral become a part of the human body?
4. What other minerals do people need? Please name them
5. Why is the sodium important?
  EXERCISES:

CROSSWORD
4

5
3
1

1 2 3
2

DOWN:
1. It is soft white element found in bones and teeth
2. …
3. It is the same meaning with necessary
4. It is the regular movement of your heart as it pumps blood around your body.
5. It is the opposite of the negative
CROSS:
1. That is the substance such as tin, salt, or coal
2. That is a soft reddish-brown metal
3. That is of something is one of the parts which make you whole

 ADDITIONAL MWTERIALS:

Other major minerals

Phosphorus is closely linked with calcium. These two minerals combine to form the
compound calcium phosphate, which gives bones their strength and rigid structure. Phosphorus
also has other functions in the body, since many processes within body cells involve
phosphorus. Any type of animal protein is an excellent source of phosphorus. The mineral is
plentiful in animal muscle tissue.
Potassium is crucial in regulating the heartbeat. It also helps maintain the fluid volume inside
cells. Potassium is abundant in many foods, such as orange juice, bananas, dries fruits, and
potatoes.
The element chlorine is highly poisonous gas. However, people consume it as negative chloride
ions, which are attached to sodium ions in table salt. Chloride ions are used by the body to
control blood and to form hydrochloric acid. This is a compound used in the stomach for the
digestion of food.
Sulfur is important in the formation of skin, hair, and nails. It is a part of several amino acids.
Therefore meat and other protein foods are good source of sulfur. There has never been any
reported deficiency of this mineral.
Magnesium is involved in making protein and in releasing energy. Good sources are nuts,
grains, dark green vegetable, seafood, and chocolate.