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Indian Standard
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF
MACHINE FOUNDATIONS
PART 1 FOUNDATION FOR RECIPROCATING
TYPE MACHINES
( Second Revision)
Third Reprint NOVEMBER 2007
( Including Amendment No.1)
Copyright 1999
BUREAU OF
INDIAN STANDARDS
Gr 6
December 1982
Indian Standard
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF
MACHINE FOUNDATIONS
PART I
TYPE MACHINES
( Second Revision)
Foundation Engineering Sectional Committee, BDC 43
Claairman
PRO)' DINESH
&pr,sl1Ili"l
Central Building Research
Roorkee
~{OlIAN
Institute
( CSIR ),
Mmabers
DIl R. K.
BHANDARI
Institute (CSIR),
1-.
DUhlilb..,
"~11 ~
dpf-In..d to be
aD
R,prlsmtill,
National Buildings Organisation, New Delhi
M,mlHrs
JOINT DIRECTOR ( DElIIGNS )
SHRI SUNIL Boy ( Alt"nal, )
JOI:Kr
D['~BOTOR
RBSB.&.BOH
Ministry
of
Railways
( GE )-1, ROSa
J,HltT
DIRBCTOR
RBSBAROH
SHRt A. P. MATHUB
SHRI V. B. M'THUB
S.HRI T. K. D. MUNSI
SHRJ M. IYENGAR ( Allmaal, )
SDRI B. K. P'NTHAXY
The HindUltan Construction Co Ltd, Bombay
SRRI V. M. MADGE (Alumal,)
SHRI M. R. PUNJA
Cemindia Co Ltd, Bombay
SHRI S. MUKHBRJDI ( AIImuJl4 )
SHRI N. E. V. RAGDVAN
The Braithwaite Burn &. Jessop Conatruction
or
BRIG
OKBm SINGH
LT-CoL K. P. ANAND (
SHRI N. SIVAGUBU
SHBI K. P. SARKAR (Allmult,)
SUPBRINTBNDIlfG
ENGINUa Central
( DF.81GN8 )
ExEOUT~
ENQ~
( DmS10N8 ) V ( Altmaat,
)
M. D. T A.BEXAR
DR A. V ARADARAJAN
n. R. KANIRAJ ( Alt,mal, )
SBRJ G. RAM.AN,
Director ( Civ En" )
SRRI
or
K. M. MATBUB
D('puty Director ( Civ Eng ) lSI,
SHRI
Indian Standard
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF
MACHINE FOUNDATIONS
PART I
( Second Revision)
e,
~'O
RE W0 R D
2. TERMINOLOGY
2.0 For the purpose of this standard, the definitions of the following term
shall apply ( see Fig. 1 ).
.
Lateral
LODlitudinal
Vertical
o-
Pitching
Rocking
C == Centroid or
Yawing
CO-ORDINATES
Bearm, SurCace
IS
rz.
2.4 Torque
2.4.1 Harmonic Torque Reaction - Turning moment in plane of axel
the frequencies of which depend on number of cylinders and
configuration of the machine.
XZ,
2.5 Periodic MotloD - The motion which repeats itself in all itl
particulars at regular intervals of time is called the periodic motion.
2.5.1 Apniotlu Motion - The motion which does not repeat itself at
regular intervals of time is called aperiodic motion.
w ) -
or
IS
VERtiC AL
YAWING
ROCKING
P~
Lateral
Longitudinal
Vertical
p.
The axis
Flo. 2
Pitching
Rocking
Yawing
P,
rr
or
FREEDOM
2.12 MaSpriDI.Sy.tem
IS
3. NOTATIONS
3.1 The notations given in Appendix A shall.apply.
4. NECESSARY DATA
4.1 Data to be Provided by Machine Manufacturer - The manufacturer should provide information as outlined in 4.1.1 to 4.1.3.
4.1.1 General
a)
b)
c)
d)
4.1.2.2 A detailed drawing showing the position and size of mounting feet and details of holding down bolts.
4.2 Data
OD
shall be known:
a) Soil profile and soil ch ar acter i-t ics up to a c'epth at least three
times the expected mean plan rliuenaion of the founc ation which
can be taken as the square root of the expected area, or har d
strata.
b) Soil invostization to the extent necessary in accordance with
IS : 1892-1979* and for the determination of dynamic p: opel ties
of soil in accordance with IS : 5249-1977t.
5. DESIGN CRITERIA
5.1 Geaeral
5.1.1 The foundation structure of machine shall be isolated at all
levels from the main building and frorn other foundations as far as
possible.
).
5.3.3 Limitation of Vibration Amplitude to Acoid Discomfort of Persons For low speed machines, it is unlikely that founlations which satisfy
5.3.2 will produce vibrations of sufficient amplitude to be disturbing to
persons. In special cases where there are particular reasons to avoid
discomfort to personnel, a low permissible amplitude corresponding to
operating frequency of machine can be read off from Fi~~. 1.
A-e
100
Q:
f/)
;::
I'~
I\.
~
!\.
"1\
~r\.
75
-e..n
w
...w
,,
'I:
" "-
\
~
,~
50
.~~
r\
2S
r\~
i\
"1\
'"
20
""
\
'\
"
'-.
15
" r\.
10
'",
'\..
"~
\.
r\.
75
50
r"I~ r\
a:
1\ ,
Gl
> 250
2'00
ll~
~ 0'
~
" A'
IL
1\
r\~ \ ~
,
150
'00
-J
Q.
4(
050
Q25
5
10
20
30
so
tOO
110
DISTURB'NO FREQUENCY
Line ADD' Limit to Avoid Damage to Buildings
Line ACe' Limit to Avoid Serious Discomfort to Persons
Line ABO' Limit to Ensure Reasonable Comfort to Persons
NOTIl -
11
( HZ ,
Grades of Concrete
kgf/cm 2
M 15
250 000
M 20
300 000
M25
340 000
M 30
370 000
5.4.3.3 The soil stress below the foundations shall not exceed
80 percent of the allowable stress under static loading determined in
accordance with IS: 64031981,. When seismic forces are considered
alJowable stress in the soil shall be increased as specified in IS : 18-)31975t
5.4.4 Supporting foundation blocks on end-bearing or friction pile!
shall be considered in cases where there is need to make a significant
change in frequency in one or more modes of vibration or dead loads.
Pile caps where used as a founiation block shall be of such a size as
to meet all design criteria, and be not IE'sS than 60 em thick.
pi1e~
a) When pressure on the soil under the block exceeds the permissible
bearing pressure;
.Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete ( ,1I;,4,ttiriotl ).
If"Code of practice for determin rtion of bearing capacity of shallow foundations
( first revision ).
*Criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures ( tlaird ,lVisUHt ).
13
5.4.4.2 Evaluation of pile soil stiffness - Pile soil stiffness factors both
in vertical and horizontal ( see IS : 9716-1!181* ) modes of vibration shall
preferably be determined by conducting in situ test on piles. I n cases,
where it becomes difficult to conduct this test, the values can be taken
from some standard publications. The centre of gravity of the system,
that is, foundation and machine shall be located within 5 percent of the
length of foundation to concerned axis with respect to the centre of
gravity of the pile group.
OD
14
pilei.
and the
6. CONSTRUCTION
6.1 Concrete - Concrete strength shall be specified on the basic; of
28-day cube strengt h. The concrete grade shall be at least M-lS
( according to IS : 456-1978 ).
*Code of practice f,)r plain and reinforced concrete ( third revision ).
15
6.3.1 Cement grout used for fitting or embedding shall consist of one
part of Portland cement and two parts of clean sharp sand mixed to a
moist consistency sufficient to facilitate the grout being fully worked
under all seatings. Quick setting cement shall not be used.
6.3.2 Additives may be employed to give non-shrink properties to
cement grout. In this case the ratio of cement and sand may be varied
according to the instruction of manufacturer.
Air
'.4.5 On completion of the curing of the grout underfill the machinethan be finally checked to ensure that itl alignment is acceptable.
6.4.6 Exposed surfaces of grout and concrete shall be prepared and
liven two coau of an oil and alkali resistant coating.
16
7.3 Mea8aremeDt.
7.3.1 The vibrations shall be measured by transducers having a linear
response over the range 2 to 200 Hz. The accuracy of transducers shall
be better than 10 percent and they shall respond to a uniaxial motion
with more than 10 percent cross sensitivity.
'7.3.2 The transducers shall be preferably piezo electric type or geophones meeting the requirements as in 7.3.1.
7.3.3 The transducers shall be mounted firmly to the foundation. The
transducers shall not be merely rested on the foundation or held with
hand.
7.3.4 Transducers shall preferably be placed on extremities of the
upper-most surface of the block and as near as possible to the axis of X
and r ( see Fig. 1 ).
7.3.5 In order to gain full picture of the behaviour of a block, it shall
be desirable to use a multiple channel recorder with Cfilter', single
channel recorder can also be used in small installations.
17
IS
APPENDIX
( Claus 3.1 )
NOTATIONS
SYMBOL
.If
DESCRIPTION
em!
cm
em
UNIT
radian
Damping constant
dimensionleis
Critical damping
kg-s/em
kg/cm3
kg/em3
kg/em3
ern
f
1ft
f"I,!'"
Frequency
cls
Natural frequency
cIs
cIs
cIs
line
fft.
cIs
'...
cIs
18
UNIT
DESCRIPTION
I,,;
cIs
em
Moment of inertia of contact area with respeet to the axis of rotation passing through
the centroid of the area
cm'
Stiffness of spring
kg/cm
em
Dynamic moment
kg/em
kg-em-sl
kg-cm-sl
kg-s2/cm
kg-s2/em
kg
kg
cm
Circular frequency
radian/s
radian/s
M".
19
APPENDIX
( Clause
5.4.~3
/2
B-2. Check
08
fl
fie
limiting
natural
C,I -- WL
",p ==
and
The
z:: -
4'1t'M~--
eTA
_.
41t1 m
De.ilB
[J2ft, + /2 __ I\Jr(fi-~
/2)2 _ 4:,/i 72i
-,p' ...
'-; J
_1 [f l
/2
r(1 2 /1 )1 - 4y /2 fS J
2y "; + + I\J "; +
/1 == _1
a1
2y
fl
"i -
where Y
,,~
WI:
&::
M ../M.oe
A,---------V (k+ CI
III ce,1)2
wi
20
" ; ... _
( C tP I - WL
"
+ C-rAL2 -
M m(u2
P.c
C",ALMi
16 1t 4m u; (f2 .- f2 ) (/2 - /2 )
,.1
A __ C-r1 LPJ:
~
( C-r.1 -
n;!
m w2 )
Mi
161t4m M m ( f 2 - f 2, ( f 2 - f 2 )
n1
"2
i (f2 f2
i')
" E...
,.z
"1
u -1
n%
where
,,2
-1 2 )
n
2 )f2
nz
= -
AIm
---
TIl
1,.2 assuming
arbitrary values of /r. Draw a straight line corresponding to the left hand
side of the above equation. The abscissas of points of intersection
of the t \\"0 plots give the unknown roots ]2 j~2 and j2 which are the
,,1
n2
,,3
l{,1Jg~ h
21
from page 2 )
SJlltl
SHin
CII.\~L)lt'\ PH\K.\SH
DII: r~;\'Clll (
Represtntiflg
Engineers Tndia Limited, New Dr-lhi
t ()
(CSIR).
Roor kr-
Tel) )
n - nll~,j':C;1'OH (
or
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\1. V.
SflltI
SlIHI
D.
H.
SnItl
I)ll
P.
r;
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S. P.
Altcmate )
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r: \ltU
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Structural
il
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C~IR
Alternate ';
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n.l
Alternate )
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