Name:
Heredity
USING KEY TERMS
Complete each of the following sentences by choosing the correct term from the
word bank.
sex cells
genotype
sex chromosomes
alleles
phenotype
meiosis
1) Sperm and eggs are known as ______________________.
2) The ______________________is the expression of a trait and is determined by the
combination of alleles called the.
3) ______________________ produces cells with half the normal number of
chromosomes.
4) Different versions of the same genes are called ______________________.
UNDERSTANDING KEY IDEAS
Multiple Choice
5) Genes carry information that determines
a. alleles.
b. ribosomes.
c. chromosomes.
d. traits.
6) The process that produces sex cells is
a. mitosis.
b. photosynthesis.
c. meiosis.
d. probability.
7) The passing of traits from parents to offspring is called
a. probability.
b. heredity.
c. recessive.
d. meiosis.
8) If you cross a white flower with the genotype pp with a purple flower with the
genotype PP, the possible genotypes in the offspring are
a. PP and pp.
b. all Pp.
c. all PP.
d. all pp.
9) For the cross in item 8, what would the phenotypes be?
a. all white
b. 3 purple and 1 white
c. all purple
d. half white, half purple
10) In meiosis,
a. chromosomes are copied twice.
b. the nucleus divides once.
c. four cells are produced from a single cell.
d. two cells are produced from a single cell.
_11) When one trait is not completely dominant over another, it is called
a. recessive.
b. incomplete dominance.
c. environmental factors.
d. uncertain dominance.
Short Answer
12) Which sex chromosomes do females have? Which do males have?
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13) In one or two sentences, define the term recessive trait in your own words.
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14) How are sex cells different from other body cells?
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15) What is a sex-linked disorder? Give one example of a sex-linked disorder that is
found in humans.
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History of Life on Earth
c. gorillas.
d. chimpanzees.
Short Answer
25) Describe how plant and animal remains can become fossils.
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26) What information do fossils provide about the history of life?
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27) List three important steps in the early development of life on Earth.
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28) Describe the event that scientists think caused the mass extinction at the end of the
Mesozoic era.
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29) Which hominid species is alive today?
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30)
Making Inferences If you find rock layers containing fish fossils in a desert,
what can you infer about the history of the desert?
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31) Applying Concepts Explain how an environmental change can threaten the survival
of a species. Give two examples.
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INTERPRETING GRAPHICS
The graph below shows data about fossilized teeth that were found within a series of
rock layers. Use this graph to answer the questions that follow.
32) Which of the following statements best describes the information presented in the
graph?
a. Over time, the number of carnivores decreased and the number of
herbivores increased.
b. Over time, the number of carnivores increased and the number of
herbivores increased.
c. Over time, the number of carnivores and herbivores remained the same.
d. Over time, the number of carnivores increased and the number of
herbivores decreased.
33) At what point did carnivore teeth begin to outnumber herbivore teeth?
a. between layer 1 and layer 2
b. between layer 2 and layer 3
c. between layer 3 and layer 4
d. between layer 4 and layer 5
USING KEY TERMS
34) Use each of the following terms in a separate sentence: element, compound, and
mineral.
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For each pair of terms, explain how the meanings of the terms differ.
35) color and streak
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36) mineral and ore
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INTERPRETING GRAPHICS
The table below shows the temperatures at which various minerals melt. Use the
table below to answer the questions that follow.
Melting points of Various Minerals
Mineral
Mercury
Sulfur
Halite
Silver
Gold
Copper
Pyrite
Fluorite
Quartz
Zircon
51)
Melting Points ( C)
-39
+113
801
916
1,062
1,083
1,171
1,360
1,710
2,500
52) Which of the minerals listed in the table do you think is a liquid at room temperature?
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53) Pyrite is often called fools gold. Using the information in the table, how could you