Febrero 2013
Homeostasis
Termorregulacin
Termorregulacin
Terminologa
Mamfero no homeotermo
Resumen
The naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber) is a poikilothermic mammal.
During gestation metabolic shifts that differ from both mammalian and reptilian thermoregulatory
patterns occurred. Body temperature was directly dependent on ambient temperature. At low
ambient temperatures the temperature differential (T sub(b)-T sub(a)) was approximately 3 degree
C, whereas at higher ambient temperatures the temperature differential diminished. In early
pregnancy (prior to week 3) oxygen consumption at low ambient temperatures was greater
than that of non-reproductive animals. A maximal metabolic rate occurred at an ambient
temperature of 27 degree C. Thereafter the endothermic pattern of metabolism with increasing
ambient temperatures was evident. Oxygen consumption decreased with increasing ambient
temperature to minimal rates of 1.2 plus or minus 0.1 ml O sub(2) . g super(-1) . h super(-1) over the
ambient temperature range of 31-34 degree C. Oxygen consumption in late pregnancy was not
correlated with ambient temperature over the entire ambient temperature range measured.
Differences in thermoregulation in early and late pregnancy may be attributed to different rates of
heat loss as a consequence of (a) changes in surface area and body mass or (b) vascular changes.
Furthermore the thermoregulatory changes in late pregnancy may indicate that maximal overall
metabolic capacity had been reached, for peak resting metabolism (expressed per animal rather
than per gram body mass) in early pregnancy was similar to observed metabolism in late
pregnancy. The dissociation of metabolism from both ambient temperature and body
temperature in late pregnancy could confer an energetic advantage to this arid dwelling
underground inhabitant; for it may enable the breeding female to partition a greater portion
of available energy into reproduction.
Heterotermia
Temporal
El animal se comporta
peridicamente como
homeotermo y como
poiquilotermo
Ejemplos:
murcilago
colibr
algunos tipos de ratones
Regional
Heterotermia
temporal
Heterotermia regional
HIBERNACION
Poiquilotermos:
Disminuye glucosa en sangre
Aumentan el almacenamiento de
glucgeno en el hgado
Disminuye la frecuencia cardiaca
Homeotermos:
Adoptan una hipotermia
controlada.
Fuerza, frecuencia respiratoria y
cardiaca bajan notablemente
La temperatura corporal puede caer
en algunos casos ms de 20C.
Grasa parda
Presente en mamferos
pequeos y humanos recin
nacidos.
Caractersticas histolgicas de la
grasa parda
Clulas
Tejidos
De 36.5 a 37.5 oC
De 36.4 a 37 oC (oral) + 0.5 oC (recto)
Tejidos profundos (el ncleo): + 0.6 oC. Es > 1 oC
que la oral
Soporta 12 oC 60 oC de temperatura ambiental sin
cambiar
La temperatura cutnea sigue a la temperatura
ambiente.
Diferentes temperaturas en el cuerpo:
Las extremidades son mas fras
El escroto tiene generalmenteentre 34 y 35 oC
La sangre venosa es mas fra que la arterial
La sangre se enfra en el pulmn
Variacin Circadiana:
De 0.5 a 0.7 oC .
Ms baja durante el sueo, aumenta en la vigilia,
Regulacin Trmica o
Termorregulacin
HOMEOTERMIA = Homeostasis trmica:
es un balance entre la produccin de calor
y su prdida.
Produccin de calor: Reacciones
celulares
Regulacin Trmica o
Termorregulacin
Prdida de Calor:
Hipotlamo
Centro Termorregulador
Regin posterior
Aumenta la produccin de
calor sirviendo de defensa
contra el fro. TIRITAR
Algunos mecanismos
de regulacin
Encuentra el error
Piloereccin
Cul es el mecanismo de
retencin de calor?
Disminuir el rea
superficial de algunos
rganos para evitar la
perdida de calor por
conveccin
Tipos de
Aclimatacin
Por modificacin del
ndice metablico
Hipertermia
Hipotermia
FIEBRE:
Estmulos:
Pirgenos exgenos (bacterias, virus, reacciones
Ag-Ac, drogas, etc)
Pirgeno endgeno (Interleucina 1) producida
por macrfagos, monocitos, con la liberacin en
hipotlamo de prostaglandinas (PGs)
Fiebre y antipirticos
Respuesta a agresores