DIARIAS
JOS CARLOS ROBREDO SNCHEZ
PROFESOR TITULAR DE UNIVERSIDAD
UNIDAD DOCENTE DE HIDRULICA E HIDROLOGA
DEPARTAMENTO DE INGENIERA FORESTAL
Ao
Pmax.24 (mm)
----------------------------1951
68.2
1952
27.2
1953
59.3
1954
58.7
1955
63.7
1956
61.4
1957
43.8
1958
42.5
1959
66.3
1960
106.3
1961
38.3
1962
32.2
1963
49.7
1964
27.3
1965
27.3
1966
67.4
Ao
Pmax.24 (mm)
--------------------------1967
56.2
1968
53.6
1969
46.2
1970
29.0
1971
54.6
1972
82.0
1973
23.6
1974
37.5
1975
72.0
1976
36.0
1977
67.5
1978
89.0
1979
34.7
1980
92.5
1981
98.7
1982
75.0
(1)
Frmula de Weibull:
m
p(PPj) = ------n + 1
Perodo de retorno:
1
T = ------------1 - p(PPj)
(3)
0.5772
Xm = u + -------
S = ----6
1 23.6
2 27.2
3 27.3
4 27.3
5 29.0
6 32.2
7 34.7
8 36.0
9 37.5
10 38.3
11 42.5
12 43.8
13 46.2
14 49.7
15 53.6
16 54.6
17 56.2
18 58.7
19 59.3
20 61.4
21 63.7
22 66.3
23 67.4
24 67.5
25 68.2
26 72.0
27 75.0
28 82.0
29 89.0
30 92.5
31 98.7
32 106.3
--
P<Pi
0.030
0.061
0.091
0.121
0.152
0.182
0.212
0.242
0.273
0.303
0.333
0.364
0.394
0.424
0.455
0.485
0.515
0.545
0.576
0.606
0.636
0.667
0.697
0.727
0.758
0.788
0.818
0.848
0.879
0.909
0.939
0.970
P>Pi
0.970
0.939
0.909
0.879
0.848
0.818
0.788
0.758
0.727
0.697
0.667
0.636
0.606
0.576
0.545
0.515
0.485
0.455
0.424
0.394
0.364
0.333
0.303
0.273
0.242
0.212
0.182
0.152
0.121
0.091
0.061
0.030
T
1.03
1.06
1.10
1.14
1.18
1.22
1.27
1.32
1.38
1.43
1.50
1.57
1.65
1.74
1.83
1.94
2.06
2.20
2.36
2.54
2.75
3.00
3.30
3.67
4.13
4.71
5.50
6.60
8.25
11.00
16.50
33.00
GUMBEL
0.025
0.051
0.051
0.051
0.068
0.108
0.145
0.167
0.194
0.210
0.294
0.322
0.373
0.447
0.527
0.546
0.577
0.621
0.632
0.666
0.701
0.737
0.751
0.752
0.761
0.803
0.832
0.885
0.922
0.936
0.955
0.971
Dmax =
D
0.0051
0.0100
0.0395
0.0698
0.0835
0.0743
0.0666
0.0750
0.0783
0.0935
0.0392
0.0420
0.0210
0.0232
0.0724
0.0615
0.0614
0.0758
0.0558
0.0598
0.0644
0.0700
0.0538
0.0247
0.0031
0.0152
0.0137
0.0363
0.0430
0.0267
0.0154
0.0010
MUESTRA
-1.252
-1.031
-0.875
-0.747
-0.635
-0.533
-0.439
-0.349
-0.262
-0.177
-0.094
-0.012
0.071
0.154
0.238
0.323
0.411
0.501
0.594
0.692
0.794
0.903
1.019
1.144
1.281
1.434
1.606
1.806
2.046
2.351
2.772
3.481
GUMBEL
-1.303
-1.093
-1.088
-1.088
-0.989
-0.802
-0.656
-0.581
-0.493
-0.447
-0.202
-0.126
0.014
0.218
0.445
0.503
0.597
0.742
0.777
0.900
1.034
1.185
1.249
1.255
1.296
1.518
1.692
2.100
2.508
2.712
3.074
3.517
0.0935
-LN(-LN(F(X)))
alfa = 0.0582814
u =
45.961958
AJUSTE GUMBEL
4.000
3.000
PROBABILIDAD
2.000
1.000
0.000
-1.000
-2.000
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
PRECIPITACION (mm)
MUESTRA
GUMBEL
100.0
120.0
D = 0.0935
N = 32
T
aos
2
5
10
20
25
50
100
500
1000
F(X)
0.500
0.800
0.900
0.950
0.960
0.980
0.990
0.998
0.999
X
mm
52.3
71.7
84.6
96.9
100.8
112.9
124.9
152.6
164.5
CURVAS ALTURA-DURACIN-FRECUENCIA
P-D-F o I-D-F
70
60
T10
50
T25
40
T50
30
T100
T500
20
1000
10
0
0
0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
4.5
Hietograma Tipo
0-1
1-2
2-3
3-4
4-5
5-6
0.15*d
0.17*d
0.19*d
P1
0.32*d
0.17*d
d = P6 - P1
(*)
3 - 3.5
P0.5
3.5 - 4
P1 - P0.5
(*) Si tc es inferior a 2.5 horas
Hietogram a
0.15
0.17
0.19
horas
0.32
0.17
Ejercicio 1
De una estacin meteorolgica cercana sabemos que los valores de precipitaciones mximas en
24 horas se ajustan a una distribucin Gumbel cuyos parmetros alfa y nu son 0.09 y 50
respectivamente. Para intensidades de precipitacin en duraciones inferiores a 24 horas, se utiliza
la siguiente expresin:
It = P24 0.4 / t0.6
Sobre esta cuenca se registra una precipitacin de 43.94 mm en 1.5 horas.
a) Calcular el periodo de retorno T asociado a esta precipitacin.
X=
F(X)=
T(X)=
93.4 mm
0.98
50 aos
Ejercicio 2
Calcular el caudal punta para un perodo de retorno de 50 aos utilizando el mtodo de la
Frmula Racional, si se disponen de los siguientes datos:
Registro histrico de precipitaciones mximas en 24 horas.
Ao
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
I1/I24 = 10
K = 1.2
k=3
Pmax.24h
30
60
50
20
90
Xm = 50
S2 = 600
Alfa = 0.05236
n = 38.976
T = 50
F = 0.98
X = 113.5 mm
Ejercicio 3
Se dispone del siguiente registro histrico de precipitaciones mximas en 24 horas, por
meses, procedente de una estacin meteorolgica de la zona de estudio:
AO
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
ENE
4.7
15.6
34.0
18.4
21.2
18.0
24.0
22.0
FEB
29.5
12.5
10.0
11.6
31.0
8.0
22.0
19.5
MAR
18.0
43.0
15.0
21.0
22.0
6.0
19.0
7.0
ABR
23.0
20.0
1.5
27.0
1.5
19.0
8.5
60.0
MAY
25.0
11.0
8.0
20.0
2.0
14.0
11.5
33.0
JUN
11.5
18.4
10.0
25.0
70.0
26.0
60.0
20.0
JUL
19.4
24.5
0.6
23.0
14.8
26.0
6.0
2.0
AGO
14.0
0.5
5.5
12.0
16.0
35.0
17.0
22.0
SEP
11.1
37.0
0.0
14.6
40.0
17.0
2.0
8.0
OCT
5.8
10.0
15.0
20.0
7.0
29.0
7.0
12.5
NOV
22.5
45.5
19.0
16.0
45.0
13.0
13.0
22.0
DIC
45.0
5.5
25.0
18.0
32.0
11.0
6.0
13.0
45.0
45.5
34.0
27.0
70.0
35.0
60.0
60.0
media
varianza
47.1
226.60
0.0852
40.29
Xm =
0.5772
2
S =
6 2
2
F ( x) = e
e 0.0852( x40.29 )
x = 80 mm
F(x) = 0.966640252
1
1
T ( x) =
=
30 aos
1 F ( x) 1 0.96664