CHAPTER 3

3.0 Introduction
This chapter will be discussing the method that this study will be carry out. There will
be discussion on the instrument chosen and the criteria for participant to participate for this
study.
3.1 Research Design
The design of this research will be a cross sectional survey where two questionnaire
will be used to measure handedness and spatial ability. The result of the data will be generate
by Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20 (IBM, 2014).
3.2 Participants
According to Krejcie & Morgan (1970), 384 participant are the best fit for this study
however 150 participants are the final decision for participants as this study is a small sample
survey where 150 of participants are sufficient for undergraduate level research (Petscher,
Schatschneider, & Compton, 2013). The population of the sample will be undergraduate
students from Kuala Lumpur area that aged 18 to 24 that study different major. Among the
total population, the ratio of left hander will be 13% because it represent the real population
in the world (Left Handers Day, 2014).
3.3 Sampling method
The method to recruit for participant will be purposive sampling where the inclusion
criteria would be undergraduate students that aged 18 to 24. The exclusion criteria would be
mixed handed students and students who aged more than 24. The reason that mixed handed
students are excluded from this study is due to the inconsistency of mixed handedness and the

actual causes. The mixed handedness could be cause by the environment or culture
background that therefore it would be one of the confounding variables.
3.4 Instrument
The instrument involve will be consist of inform consent, demographic information,
The Flinders Handedness survey and McKenzies Multiple Intelligence Inventory. The inform
consent form are design to get the consent from participant with list of the detail towards the
right of participant such as participant have the right to withdraw from the test. Meanwhile
demographic information such as gender and age will be collect. The Flinders Handedness
survey and McKenzies Multiple Intelligence Inventory will be perform throughout the study
(McKenzie, 1999; Nicholls et al., 2013; Williams, S.M., 2014). The Flinders Handedness
survey have a total of 10 questions that uses Likert scale to measure the handedness with
Pearson Correlation 0f r =.66 and p>.001. The sample question from the Flinders
Handedness survey would be With which hand do you write? and the participant will be
answer using the Likert scale that consists of left, either and right. Meanwhile for the
Multiple Intelligence Inventory had the Cronbach alpha of r=.90, p>.005 while the subscale
of visual spatial had r=.66 (Hajhashemi & Wong, 2010). The subscale of the Multiple
Intelligence Inventory consists of 10 statements and answer using dichotomous option of 1 or
0. The sample statement would be I can visualize ideas in my mind; the higher the score
indicate the higher visual spatial intelligence.
3.5 Procedure
The sample will be found by snowball technique that started with few participant then
reach to others around the campus of a private university in Kuala Lumpur area. The
participant will be give an inform consent letter that consists of the permission from authority
to conduct the study and demographic information such as gender and age will be collect

together with the inform consent. The survey will come in two form. The survey will come in
paper form and online form will be using the software of Google Doc (Google, 2014). The
venue of the survey being conducted will be in both online and discussion room or
psychology lab in the particular private university to provide a quiet and comfort
environment for participant. After obtain the consent from participant, the participant will be
required to answer two survey that consists of Flinders Handedness survey and the spatial
construct of Multiple Intelligence Inventory. All of the data will be collect through survey. No
time limit along the survey and participant are allow to terminate the session whenever they
feel uncomfortable. After the participant finish the survey, the researcher will be collecting
the survey and key in the data collected using SPSS version 20 to find out whether there is
any correlation between handedness and spatial ability.
3.6 Scope of study
The boundaries that could possibly encounter in the process would be the data
collected will not as holistic as it would be and this is due to the difference in method that
participants carry out the survey. The two methods use in collecting data would create
different data because the participants would conduct the survey online would be paying less
concentration as the researcher are not present. Other than that, the age limitation would be
one of the boundaries in this study as the age required for this study is only 18 to 24. Besides
that, location to conduct the survey would be one of the boundaries as the venue such as
psychology lab and discussion room are limited.
3.7 Summary
In this chapter, the design that fit this study is the cross sectional survey as it can
measure both the variables in this study. The sampling method will be purposive sampling as
certain criteria need to be fulfil for carry out the survey. Instrument chosen are The Flinders

Handedness survey and McKenzies Multiple Intelligence Inventory. The survey will be carry
out in both paper form and online survey. Besides that, the data collected will be run with
SPSS version 20 for analysis. The potential boundaries that can be happen would be location
for the survey to be carry out and the holistic of data due to different method of collecting
data.

IBM. (2014). SPSS Statistic. Retrieved from http://www01.ibm.com/software/analytics/spss /products/statistics/

McKenzie, W. (1999). Multiple Intelligences (M.I.) Inventory. Retrieved from
http://surfaquarium.com/MI/inventory.htm
Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities.
Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30, 607-610. Retrieved from
https://opa.up rrp.edu/InvInsDocs/KrejcieandMorgan.pdf
Petscher, Y., Schatschneider, C., & Compton, D.L. (2013). Applied quantitative analysis in
education and the social sciences. Taylor & Francis. U.K.
Left Handers Day. (2014). Being left-handed. Left Handers Day.com Retrieved from
http://www.lefthandersday.com/tour/being-left-handed#.VFV9EvmUeSo
Google. (2014). Forms. Google.com. Retrieved from http://www.google.com.
my/forms/about/
Nicholls, M.E.R., Thomas, N.A., Loetscher, T. & Grimshaw, G.M. (2013). The Flinders
Handedness survey(FLANDERS): A brief measure of skilled hand preference. Cortex,
1-13. Doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2013.02.002
Hajhashemi,K & Wong, B.E. (2010). A validation study of the Persian version of McKenzies
Multiple Intelligences Inventory to measure profiles of pre-university. Pertanika J. Soc.
Sci. & Hum 18(2), 342-355. Retrieved from https://wiki.creative
commons.org/images/0/0b/A_Validation_Study_of_the_Persian_Version_of_Mckenzie'
s_ (1999)_Multiple_Intelligences_Inventory_to_ Measure_MI_P rofiles_of_PreUniversity_Students.pdf