Ashland

Performance Specialties
Reference Guide
Introduction
Ashland Specialty Ingredients, a commercial
unit of Ashland Inc., is recognized as one of the
best global specialty ingredients and formulations
businesses in the world. We strive to exceed
our customers expectations through a relentless
focus on our customers and innovation and by
helping our customers to solve and improve their
formulations anywhere in the world.
Integral to the current success of our above-andbeyond efforts is Ashlands exceptional technical
service organization, which works directly with
formulation and application scientists. We keep
abreast of market trends to provide for our
customers future needs.
With over 15,000 employees in more than 100
locations around the globe, Ashland serves
industries such as adhesives, coatings, oilfield, digital
printing, electronics, household, industrial and
institutional (HI&I), metallurgy and plastics as well
as markets as diverse as pharmaceutical, agricultural,
food, beverage and personal care. Our product
family of over 20,000 SKUs, while sometimes
representing a relatively small portion of customers
product, generally constitute key ingredients in the
end products in which they are used.
For more information, visit us at
ashland.com.
Manufacturing
Facilities
North America
Huntsville, Alabama
Wilmington, Delaware
Dalton, Georgia
Calvert City, Kentucky
Columbia, Maryland
Freetown, Massachusetts
Chatham, New Jersey
Parlin, New Jersey
Columbus, Ohio
Lima, Ohio
Kenedy, Texas
Texas City, Texas
Hopewell, Virginia
Latin America
Cabreuva, Brazil
Europe
Asia Pacific
Doel-Beveren, Belgium
Jiangmen, China
Alizay, France
Nanjing, China
Sophia Antipolis, France
Luzhou, China (Joint Venture)
Marl, Germany
Suzhou, China (Joint Venture)
Horhausen, Germany
Memmingen, Germany
Zwijndrecht, Netherlands
Newton Aycliffe, United Kingdom
Poole, United Kingdom
Performance Specialties Reference Guide
Research and Development/

Technical Service Centers
North America
Wilmington, Delaware
Columbia, Maryland
Bridgewater, New Jersey
Latin America
So Paulo, Brazil
Mexico City, Mexico
Buenos Aires, Argentina
Europe
Paris, France
Sophia Antipolis, France
Dsseldorf, Germany
Memmingen, Germany
Barendrecht, Netherlands
Zwijndrecht, Netherlands
Istanbul, Turkey
Bradford, United Kingdom
Asia Pacific
Jiangmen, China
Nanjing, China
Shanghai, China
Hyderabad, India
Mumbai, India
Pantech, Singapore
Center of Excellence
Contents
Introduction...........................................................................................................2
Contents ..................................................................................................................4
PRODUCT OVERVIEW ................................................................................. 5
Performance polymers .................................................................................... 8
Solvents, intermediates & surfactants ...................................................... 6
Specialty chemicals ........................................................................................... 9
Vinyl monomers .................................................................................................. 7
SOLVENTS, INTERMEDIATES & SURFACTANTS
BLO solvent .......................................................................................................12
Butanediol intermediate ...............................................................................11
Butenediol intermediate ...............................................................................11
Butynediol intermediate ...............................................................................10
Propargyl Alcohol .............................................................................................10
Tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvents .................................................................12
PYRROLIDONES
2-Pyrol solvent.............................................................................................13
Easy-Wet 20 wetting agent ..................................................................18
Engineered solvents ....................................................................................16
Microflex microemulsifier ranges ......................................................18
M-Pyrol solvent...........................................................................................14
Other Alkylpyrrolidones
CHP solvent...................................................................................................15
HEP solvent ...................................................................................................15
NEP solvent ...................................................................................................14
SURFACTANTS
Dextrol and Strodex phosphate esters ........................................19
Surfadone solvent/wetting agent.....................................................17
VINYL MONOMERS
V-Cap vinyl caprolactam............................................................................20
V-Pyrol vinyl pyrrolidone ...........................................................................20
PERFORMANCE POLYMERS
Ambergum water-soluble polymers ...................................................43
Antara (Polectron 430) polymer .........................................................27
Antaron (Ganex) polymers ....................................................................25
Aquaflex XL-30 copolymer........................................................................38
Aquaflex FX-64 copolymer ..........................................................................38
Aquaflex SF-40 polymer ...............................................................................32
Aquaflow polymers......................................................................................34
Aqualon ethylcellulose (EC)..................................................................... 46
Aquastyle 300 tetrapolymers ..................................................................32
AquaVIS ETD polymers ...............................................................................43
Bondwell, Blanose, Aqualon CMC......................................................42
Chromabond polymers..............................................................................33
Copolymer VC - 713 polymer .....................................................................31
Culminal methylhydroxyethylcellulose (MHEC).............................51
Culminal, Benecel methylcellulose ................................................49-50

Culminal, Benecel methylcellulose derivatives ................................. 48
Culminal, Benecel methylhydroxypropylcellulose (MHPC) .........50
Disintex disintegrants ..................................................................................24
EasySperse polymeric dispersant range ............................................37
Gafquat HS-100 polymer ...........................................................................28
Galactasol guar ...............................................................................................52
Gantrez AN copolymers .............................................................................35
Gantrez ES copolymers..................................................................................36
Gantrez MS copolymers ................................................................................36
Gantrez S copolymers ....................................................................................36
Gantrez copolymers ........................................................................................35
I-Rez 160 copolymer ....................................................................................37
Jaypol and Rapifloc acrylates ........................................................39-41
Klucel hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC)...................................................47
Natrosol hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) .........................................44-45
PVP K-series polymers ............................................................................. 21-22
PVP/VA polymers ..............................................................................................26
PVPP polymers ...................................................................................................23
RheoThix 601 thickening agent..............................................................34
Setleze 3000 copolymer ............................................................................29
Sorez 100 copolymer...................................................................................33
Sorez HS-205 and Gafquat copolymers.................................................28
Stabileze QM polymer.................................................................................36
Styleze 2000 and Acrylidone LM polymers ..................................30
Styleze W polymers .........................................................................................29
Styleze CC-10 copolymer ..............................................................................29
UltraThix P-100 crosspolymer ..................................................................30
Vinylcaprolactam polymers.........................................................................31
Vinylpyrrolidone copolymers .....................................................................25
Vinylpyrrolidone/Alkylaminomethacrylate and
Alkylaminomethacrylamide copolymers .............................................27
ViviPrint 131 polymers.................................................................................29
ViviPrint PS-10 polymers ...............................................................................24
ViviPrint 540 polymers ...................................................................................23
SPECIALTY CHEMICALS
Drewplus defoamers ...................................................................................56
Emulsifiers, dispersants and lubricants ..................................................53
Escalol UV filters .............................................................................................53
Iron Pentacarbonyl ...........................................................................................55
Micropowder iron .........................................................................................55
pHLEX neutralizing additive ....................................................................57
Ceraphyl and Cerasynt emulsifiers ....................................................54
BIOCIDES .....................................................................................................58-59
CHARTS ....................................................................................................... 60-77
NOTES...................................................................................................................79
Product Overview
This brochure is organized into five

categories representing major chemical
families of Ashland products:
Solvents, intermediates & surfactants
Vinyl monomers
Performance polymers
Specialty chemicals
Solvents, intermediates & surfactants

Pages 1019
Vinyl monomers
Page 20
Pages 2152
Biocides and Preservatives
Specialty chemicals
We invite you to explore Ashlands broad range of innovative
products and the many performance-enhancing properties
they offer.
Pages 5357
Biocides & Preservatives

Pages 5859
Solvents, intermediates
& surfactants
The common characteristic of these chemicals is high solubility in
hydrophilic media.
Propargyl Alcohol and Butynediol, due to their high electron density
of the acetylenic bond, function as metal-complexing and corrosioninhibiting agents.
Butenediol, having a cis double bond enters into Diels-Alder Reactions
and Butanediol finds application as a plasticizer
and humectant.
Dextrol and Strodex phosphate ester surfactants are leading

technologies within our extensive portfolio of high-quality additives.
These high-performance specialty surfactants exhibit superior wetting
and emulsifying properties and are unique in that their compositions can
be modified to achieve specific properties. Dextrol and Strodex phosphate
ester surfactants demonstrate a strong viscosity profile and broad
compatibility as well as good stability to a wide range of temperatures,
pH and hard water. They provide corrosion inhibition, emulsification and
dispersion properties.
All four alcohols function as precursors to numerous derivatives such as

esters, carbamates, polyesters and urethanes.
THF is an inert solvent for numerous polymer and organometallic
reactions and is the precursor of polytetramethyleneglycol.
BLO gamma-Butyrolactone is a polar solvent for ionic substrates and
functions as an acid donor in aqueous media at elevated temperatures.
Pyrrolidones: This family of chemicals varies in properties as a function of
substitution on the lactam nitrogen atom. All members are characterized
by low vapor pressure, high flash point, high dipole moment, ready
complex formation, surface activity as the alkyl chain lengthens and
biodegradability when the alkyl chain is linear.
2-Pyrol 2-pyrrolidone the first member, is used as a humectant,
cosolvent with water, coalescent aid and plasticizer.
The lower alkyl pyrrolidones, most notably M-Pyrol N-methyl-2
pyrrolidone, are excellent polymer solvents, paint and photoresist
strippers, paint coalescents, industrial cleaners and extraction solvents.
The Surfadone alkyl pyrrolidones are hydrophobic in nature,
functioning as excellent wetting agents and effective dispersing and
cleaning aids.
Engineered solvents, based on M-Pyrol (N-methyl-2 pyrrolidone), are
formulated to meet a variety of industrial cleaning requirements.
Vinyl monomers
Vinyllactams ethers are offered for applications based on the

utility of their olefin linkage.
V-Pyrol Amine or Caustic N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone is water soluble and
undergoes free radical homo- and copolymerizations as well as grafting
reactions. V-Pyrol RC N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone is a low-viscosity reactive
diluent for UV radiation curing processing.
V-Cap N-vinyl-2-caprolactam is only slightly soluble in water, but can
function in many applications similar to V-Pyrol N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone.
Fully formulated UV-curable Gafgard coating systems impart abrasion
and solvent resistance to a wide variety of surfaces.
The largest family of polymers produced by Ashland is based on

N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and cellulose ethers. These include
polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) homopolymers and copolymers. The latter
contain functionality from co-reactants, including vinyl acetate, PVP/VA,
alpha-olefin, Ganex/Antaron 1 copolymers. Dimethylaminoalkylenemethacrylate or -methacrylamide copolymers and their derivatives
make up the Gafquat and ViviPrint product lines (the latter of which
is used in inkjet media coating) and styrene and Polectron/Antara
430 copolymers.2 We also have Chromabond vinylpyridine-based
polymers containing either nitrogen oxide or betaine functionalities.
Many properties are shared among the groups, but each also has unique
characteristics, varying with structure. The following are examples:
PVP, high polarity, dispersancy, hydrophilicity, adhesion, cohesivity and
high Tg.
PVP/VA, thermoplasticity, oxygen permeability, varying hydrophilicity
and adhesion.
Ganex/Antaron copolymers, hydrophobicity, an emulsifier
and dispersant for nonaqueous systems.
Gafquat copolymer, basicity, substantivity, and high charge density.
ViviPrint copolymer and terpolymer, ink-binding, water resistance, high
gloss and transparency, light stability (fastness).
Polectron/Antara copolymers, thickening and opacifying emulsion.
Chromabond polymers, dye complexation and soil anti-redeposition.
Ashland also offers polymers based on V-Cap reactive monomer.
These include vinylcaprolactam homopolymers, copolymers with
vinylpyrrolidone and terpolymers containing both lactam monomers and
dimethylaminoalkylene-methacrylate or -methacrylamide.
These polymers are generally more hydrophobic than the V-Pyrol
reactive monomer-based products mentioned above but offer many
of the functional properties inherent in the lactam ring. Among other
applications, Inhibex polymers are highly efficient as inhibitors of gas
hydrate formation.
A range of alternating copolymers based on methylvinylether and maleic
anhydride are produced by Ashland:
The Gantrez AN family of methylvinylether/maleic anhydride

copolymers are characterized by aprotic polar solvent solubility, reaction
with protic compounds such as water, alcohols and amines with facile
film formation.
The hydrolyzed Gantrez S polycarboxylic acid resins function as
dispersants, divalent cation binding agents and polymeric acidifiers.
Acrylate chemistry
Ashland offers one of the worlds broadest portfolios of high-performing
acrylate chemistry. The breadth of our product portfolio means that
we can offer chemistry that is highly targeted to particular applications.
Our products include rheology modifiers, dispersants, co-binders and
emulsifiers that work as processing aids and performance enhancers for
applications as diverse as paint and coatings, cleaning
products, oilfield chemicals, textile manufacture, water
treatment and more.
Cellulose Ethers
Cellulose ethers are divided into ionic and nonionic types. Nonionic
cellulose ethers, which include Benecel methylcellulose
methylhydroxyethylcellulose and methylhydroxypropylcellulose
(Culminal/Combizell), hydroxyethylcellulose (Natrosol), and
Aqualon ethylcellulose and Klucel hydroxypropylcellulose carry
electrically neutral substituents. The ionic cellulose ethers, e.g. Aqualon/
Blanose/Bondwell/AquaVIS sodium carboxymethylcellulose,
contain substituents which are electrically charged. Nonionic cellulose
ethers can be further classified by their solubility in cold, warm or hot
water, and in solvents.
Cellulose is a polysaccharide composed of anhydroglucose units, which are
linked through beta-glycosidic bonds. The number n of anhydroglucose
units in the polymer chain is defined as the degree of polymerisation (DP).
Each anhydroglucose ring carries three free OH-groups at positions 2, 3
and 6. Ethers of cellulose are formed by substituting one or more of the
three hydroxyl groups. The distribution of the substituents introduced
onto the polymer chain is largely determined by the relative reactivity of
these three OH-groups.
Specialty chemicals
Ultraviolet absorbers: The Escalol family of UV absorbers are highboiling, water-insoluble liquid esters with broad absorption in the UV-B
radiation region (290 to 320 nm).
The number of substituted hydroxyl groups per anhydroglucose unit

is expressed as DS or average degree of substitution. The DS can vary
between 0 and 3. In the case of alkoxylation the molar ratio of alkoxy
groups in the side chains to cellulose is specified and expressed as the
average molecular substitution (MS). Instead of DS and MS, the weight
percent of the substituents in the cellulose ether is often quoted. The use
of one etherification agent in the substitution process results in a simple
cellulose ether, whereas using different kinds of agents leads to mixed
ethers. Industrial cellulose ethers are alkyl, alkylhydroxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl,
and carboxyalkyl ethers.
Carbonyl iron powder: Micropowder iron powders are characterized

as fine, high-purity, micron-size spherical particles with superior electronic
and magnetic properties.
Aquaflow rheology modifiers

Aquaflow nonionic synthetic associative thickeners (NSATs) are efficient
thickeners for high-performance waterborne paints, adhesives and
coatings. These easy-to-handle liquids build rheology in paints and
coatings through self-association and interaction with other ingredients.
Aquaflow rheology modifiers are based on hydrophobically-modified
polyacetal-polyether (HM-PAPE) chemistry and are designed to function
as a drop-in replacement for urethane-type (HEUR) thickeners.
Foam Control Agents

Drewplus and Advantage defoamers comprise a range of
proprietary products that effectively control foam and entrained air in
industrial processes and wastewater systems. In addition to collapsing or
breaking down existing foam, the products remain on the waters surface
to prevent the formation of future foam. Ashland Specialty Ingredients
offers a range highly efficient, hydrocarbon and vegetable oil-based and
polysiloxane and polyglycol based anti-foaming agents.
Emulsifiers, dispersants and lubricants: The Ceraphyl and

Cerasynt product lines include a variety of water-insoluble esters and
polyol-esters which are useful as emulsifiers, dispersants and lubricants.
Biocides and preservatives

If a product is made with water or comes in contact with it, Ashlands
biocides and preservatives can help protect it against bacteria, fungus and
algae. Our offerings can preserve beauty, enhance performance, extend
product life and protect user safety. Ashlands biocides and preservatives
are marketed under trusted brands such as Nuosept, Fungitrol,
Bodoxin, Bacillat, Bakzid, Ebotec and Cinon. Today, our
technologies are used in just about any application you can imagine
from coatings and household cleaning products to oil production
and textile processing.
(1) Ganex is sold as Antaron in Europe and Canada.
(2) Polectron 430 is sold as Antara 430 in Europe and Asia Pacific.
and surfactants
Propargyl Alcohol
Butynediol intermediate
(2-propyn-1-ol)
(2-butyne-1,4-diol)
APPLICATIONS
APPLICATIONS
Iron dissolution inhibitor in mineral acids.
Iron dissolution inhibitor in mineral acids.
Corrosion inhibitor during oil well stimulation and acid pickling.
Corrosion inhibitor during acid pickling.
Electroplating bath additive giving bright, uniform metal deposition without film
formation.
Nickel electroplating bath additive giving bright, uniform metal deposition

without film formation.
Precursor to Iodopropynylbutyl Carbamate (IPBC), a coating fungicide.
Oven cleaners.
Photoresist strippers.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Boiling point
Vapor pressure
Flash point
Freezing point
Viscosity
Specific gravity
10
115C
11.6mm Hg @ 20C
35C
-50C
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Boiling point
Vapor pressure
Flash point
1.6 cP @ 25C
Melting point
0.9485 @ 25C
Specific gravity
238C
2.5mm Hg @ 100C
157C
54C
1.17 @ 25C
CHEMISTRY
CHEMISTRY
There are three reactive sites in propargyl alcohol; the triple bond, methyne
hydrogen and hydroxyl group. The triple bond has a high electron density
and thereby an affinity for a number of industrially important metals. Both
the methyne and hydroxyl hydrogens can be substituted with appropriate
chemical reagents.
Butynediol intermediate is commercially available as a solid or in 50% aqueous

solution. The triple bond in butynediol intermediate has a high electron density
and an affinity for metals similar to propargyl alcohol. The two hydroxyl groups
undergo typical reactions such as ethoxylation to produce Butoxyne 497
intermediate, a 100% active liquid with a melting point of approximately -15C.
and surfactants
Butenediol intermediate
Butanediol intermediate
(2-butene-1,4-diol)
(1,4-butanediol)
APPLICATIONS
APPLICATIONS
Diels-Alder reactions to produce Vitamin B-6, endosulfan, etc.
Diacylation with bromoacetic acid to produce a paper slimicide.
Boiling point
234C
Flash point
135C
Viscosity
Specific gravity
Terephthalic acid to produce polybutylene terephthalate (PBT).

Diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) yielding polyurethane foams, elastomers
and adhesives.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Freezing point
Butanediol intermediate is used mainly as a co-monomer in classical

diol-condensation reactions with:
7C
22 cP @ 25C
1.07 @ 25C
CHEMISTRY
Butenediol intermediate is a 93-97% cis isomer, facilitating its use in 1,4- addition
reactions. The two hydroxyl groups undergo the typical reactions of alcohols.
Butenediol intermediate readily dehydrates to 2,3-dihydrofuran in the presence of
acids and polymerizes above 165C.
Adipic acid to yield polyesters with biodegradability characteristics.

In general, polymers produced from butanediol intermediate exhibit greater
hydrophobicity, crystallinity, strength, hydrolysis resistance and better lowtemperature flexibility than those produced from ethylene glycol.
Physical properties of butanediol intermediate make it useful as a plasticizer
and humectant.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Boiling point
Vapor pressure
Flash point
Viscosity
Specific gravity
228C
<0.075mm Hg @ 24C
139C
71.5 cP @ 25C
1.017 @ 25C
CHEMISTRY
Butanediol intermediates reactive sites are its hydroxyl groups, which undergo all
the typical reactions of alcohols. In addition to the condensation reactions noted
above, it can be converted to simple esters, halides, dehydrated to tetrahydrofuran
and dehydrogenated to gamma-butyrolactone.
11
and surfactants
THF solvent
BLO solvent
Tetrahydrofuran
gamma-Butyrolactone
APPLICATIONS
APPLICATIONS
Solvent for vinyl polymers used in PVC pipe adhesives, industrial cleaning,
magnetic tape coatings, vinyl fabric topcoats among others.
Electrolyte dissociating solvent for nonaqueous capacitors.
Reaction medium for organometallic reagents, including linear low-density

polyethylene catalyst manufacture.
Solvent for a wide spectrum of polymers and an effective substitute for

chlorinated hydrocarbons.
Monomer for polytetramethylene glycol, a Spandex* intermediate.
Paint strippers, industrial cleaners and lithographic developers.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Hydrolyzed in water at elevated temperatures to yield 4-hydroxybutyric acid,

leading to its use as an acid donor in nylon fiber dyeing.
Boiling point
Vapor pressure
Flash point
Freezing point
Viscosity
66C
Stabilizes urea in fertilizers.
161mm Hg @ 20C
-14C
-108.5C
0.5 cP @ 20C
Dipole moment
1.75D
Specific gravity
0.886 @ 25C
Dielectric constant
Photoresist stripper.
7.52
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Boiling point
Vapor pressure
Flash point
Freezing point
Viscosity
204C
0.16mm Hg @ 20C
93C
-44C
1.2 cP @ 25C
Dipole moment
4.27D
CHEMISTRY
Specific gravity
1.124 @ 25C
THF solvent (stabilized with 250-400 ppm BHT) is an excellent polymer solvent,
combining rapid dissolution and evaporation with significant solubilizing capacity
for many high molecular weight polymers at moderate viscosity. It has unique
characteristics in Grignard and other organometallic reactions. As noted above,
THF solvent undergoes an acid-catalyzed ring opening polymerization reaction to
produce polytetramethylene glycol.
Dielectric constant
39.0
CHEMISTRY
Although BLO solvent is stable under a wide range of conditions, at elevated
temperatures and in the presence of appropriate reagents, it serves as an
intermediate in a variety of useful syntheses such as:
Precursor to 2-pyrrolidone and the extensive family of alkyl pyrrolidones
produced from ammonia and primary amines.
Reacting with phenols to yield phenoxybutyric acid derivatives with applications
in pharmaceuticals and as photographic coupling agents.
12
and surfactants
Pyrrolidones
2-Pyrol solvent
The family of 2-pyrrolidones offered by Ashland has a variety of

properties primarily derived from the unique features of the lactam
ring and modified by substitution on the nitrogen atom. The general
characteristics of these compounds result from the polar N-C=O
linkage in the five-membered ring. The reactivity, physical properties
and stability of these molecules result from the well-documented
amide resonance. In anionic media, the partially positive nitrogen
readily coordinates with negatively charged species while in acidic
systems the electron-rich carbonyl oxygen is rapidly protonated.
2-Pyrrolidone
APPLICATIONS
Solubilization of complex organic molecules in water.
Humectant and cosolvent in digital printing inks.
Coalescent or plasticizer for acrylic resins, especially in floor polishes,
inks and adhesives.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Boiling point
Vapor pressure
Flash point
Freezing point
Viscosity
245C
<0.1mm Hg @ 20C
129C
25C
13.3 cP @ 25C
Dipole moment
3.5D
Specific gravity
1.116 @ 25C
CHEMISTRY
The reactive site of 2-Pyrol 2-Pyrrolidone is its labile hydrogen on the nitrogen.
It can undergo vinylation with acetylene, alkylation with alkylhalides and
acylation with acylhalides. Hydrolysis produces gamma-aminobutyric acid. It is
also available as a 95% active solution that freezes/solidifies at 12C to ensure
ease of handling.
13
and surfactants
M-Pyrol solvent
NEP solvent
N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone
N-Ethyl-2-Pyrrolidone
APPLICATIONS
APPLICATIONS
Polymerization medium for polyethersulfones, polyaramids, polyesters and

polyamide-imides.
Low-temperature reaction solvent for temperature sensitive pharmaceutical

active ingredients.
Polyamide-imide diluent for wire enamel coatings.
Circuit board/defluxing/stencil cleaners - used as a co-solvent, usually in

combination with other water-soluble solvents such as glycol ethers or
tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol and surfactants for removal of flux residues, oils and
greases. Used as an alternative for N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.
Paint and photoresist strippers.

Coalescent in latex paints allowing excellent formulation latitude.
Polydifluoroethylene solvent in rechargeable battery manufacture.
Industrial cleaners; neat or in combination with numerous other solvents.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Solvent for extraction of aromatics from lube oil.
Boiling point
Solvent for separation of acetylene and butadiene from light hydrocarbon

streams.
Vapor pressure
High precision electronic cleaning agent.
Freezing point
Viscosity
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Boiling point
Vapor pressure
202C
90C
Freezing point
-24C
92.8C
< -70C
3.5 cP
0.993 @ 25C
1.7 cP @ 25C
Dipole moment
4.06 Debye @ 25C
Specific gravity
1.027 @ 25C
Dielectric constant
Specific gravity
0.2 mm Hg @ 20C
0.27 mm Hg @ 20C
Flash point
Viscosity
Flash point
200C
32.2
Soluble in water and most organic solvents; sparingly soluble in

aliphatic hydrocarbons.
CHEMISTRY
M-Pyrol solvent is extremely resistant to hydrolysis from pH 2-10, even at
elevated temperatures. Beyond these limits, hydrolysis to 4-(methylamino)
butanoic acid occurs at a rate dependent on pH and temperature. A large body
of chemistry has been developed on the reactions of strong nucleophiles
with M-Pyrol solvent. High-purity, low-trace-metal grades are sold under
the Micropure and Pharmasolve tradenames for the electronic and
pharmaceutical industries respectively.
14
and surfactants
HEP solvent
CHP solvent
N-Hydroxyethyl-2-Pyrrolidone
N-Cyclohexyl-2-Pyrrolidone
APPLICATIONS
Photoresist Strippers - used as a co-solvent, usually in combination with
M-Pyrol N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solvent, to enhance performance by
broadening solubility range.
Paint Strippers - as a solvent in high-temperature stripping applications for
chemically resistance coatings.
Silkscreen Cleaners - as a co-solvent in cleaning formulations to enhance removal
of inks from silkscreen fibers.
Hard Surface Cleaners - used as a co-solvent with glycol ethers in oven cleaning
formulations.
Intermediate for alkoxylated derivatives used in gasoline additives.
Photoresist Strippers - used as a co-solvent, usually in combination with M-Pyrol

N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and BLO gamma-Butyrolactone solvents to enhance
performance by broadening solubility range.
Circuit Board Fabrication - used in chemical polishing of copper and copper
alloys to increase the stability of hydrogen peroxide in acid brightening baths.
Dye Carrier or Dyeing Bath Additive - used in dyeing of aromatic polyamide
fibers (i.e., Duponts Kevlar* and Nomex*, Teijins Conex*) as a swelling/diffusion
agent to enhance dye and flame retardant penetration.
Paint Strippers - as a solvent in high temperature stripping applications for
chemically resistant coatings.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Boiling point
Vapor pressure
APPLICATIONS
295C
<0.005 mm Hg @ 20C
Flash point
160C
Freezing point
20C
Viscosity
53 cP
Specific gravity
1.139 @ 25C
It is also available as 95% active solution that freezes/solidifies at

12C to ensure ease of handling.
Silkscreen Cleaners - as a co-solvent in cleaning formulations

to enhance removal of inks from silkscreen fibers.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Boiling point
Vapor pressure
Flash point
Freezing point
Viscosity @ 25C
Specific gravity
284C
<0.005 mm Hg @ 20C
145C
12C
11.5 cP
1.026 @ 25C
15
and surfactants
Engineered solvents
Ashland produces a family of engineered solvents based on M-Pyrol
n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone are designed to meet the needs of specific
cleaning operations. These include ShipShape resin cleaner,
FoamFlush urethane remover and PartsReady degreaser, which
are recommended for unique applications when M-Pyrol n-methyl2-pyrrolidone alone cannot meet certain cleaning requirements.
In addition to their excellent solvency, our engineered solvents are
formulated for low VOC and low toxicity as they are replacements
for methylene chloride, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) and
halogenated solvents.
Engineered solvents products

PRODUCT
USES
ShipShape resin cleaner

FoamFlush urethane
remover
Cleaning and flushing mixing heads,

tools, conveyors and molds of rigid
and flexible polyurethanes foams.
PartsReady degreaser
Metal degreasing and specialty optics

cleaning operations.
Engineered solvents properties

Physical Properties
ShipShape
resin cleaner
urethane remover
FoamFlush
PartsReady
Physical form @ 25C
Light yellow
clear
Clear liquid
Clear liquid
1.07
1.05
1.03
Melting point F (C)
22.0 (-20.0)
22.0 (-20.0)
14.0 (-24.4)
Boiling point F (C)
396-399
(202-204)
396-399
(202-204)
396
(202)
Flashpoint F (C)
197 (91.7)
197 (88.3)
193 (89.4)
2.02
2.09
2.49
Density (g/ml)
Viscosity @ 25C (cP)
16
degreaser
and surfactants
Surfadone LP-100 solvent/wetting agent
Surfadone LP-300 solvent/wetting agent
N-Octyl-2-Pyrrolidone
N-Dodecyl-2-Pyrrolidone
APPLICATIONS
APPLICATIONS
Soil penetrant and softener in hard surface cleaners, laundry prespotters and
metal cleaning.
High boiling solvent for polymers and hydrophobic substances.
Wetting agent for dishwashing, industrial and institutional cleaners.
Additive in hand or automatic dishwashing detergents.
Isopropyl alcohol replacement in fountain solutions.
Ingredient in pressure sensitive adhesives.
Substitute for fluorocarbon surfactants used for oil well stimulation.
Solvent for polymers and hydrophobic substances.

Pigment dispersion aid and pigment conditioning solvent.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Component of photoresist strippers.
Boiling point
Wetting agent for aqueous systems.
Flash point
Component in microemulsifying systems.
Freezing point
Viscosity
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Boiling point
Vapor pressure
Minimum equilibrium surface tension

<0.001mm Hg @ 25C
113C
Freezing point
-25C
Minimum equilibrium surface tension

Minimum dynamic surface tension
116C
10C
17 cP @ 25C
26 mN/m @ 20 ppm
100C @ 0.3mm Hg
Flash point
Viscosity
145C @ 0.2 mm Hg
8 cP @ 20C
28 mN/m @ 1200 ppm
35 mN/m @ 10 bubbles/sec
CHEMISTRY
Surfadone LP-300 wetting agent is sparingly soluble in water (0.02 weight percent)
and soluble in most organic solvents. It is a low-foaming, nonionic surfactant
with an HLB of 3 and has no critical micelle concentration. Like its lower homolog,
Surfadone LP-300 wetting agent interacts with anionic surfactants forming
mixed micelles that greatly enhances its solubility, resulting in a synergistic
surface tension reduction and wetting enhancement. Appropriate combinations
of Surfadone LP-300 wetting agent and anionic surfactants produce viscous
solutions and gels.
CHEMISTRY
Surfadone LP-100 wetting agent is a low-foaming, nonionic rapid wetting
agent with an HLB of 6 and having no critical micelle concentration. Due to the
electron delocalized lactam ring, Surfadone LP-100 wetting agent interacts with
anionic surfactant micelles. This greatly enhances its water solubility, resulting
in a synergistic surface tension reduction and wetting enhancement at low
concentrations.
17
and surfactants
Easy-Wet 20 wetting agent
Microflex microemulsifier ranges
APPLICATIONS
APPLICATIONS
Hard surface cleaners.
Microemulsifiers for hydrophobic active solubilization.
Glass and tile cleaners.
Delivers permethrin active in pet shampoos.
Industrial and institutional cleaners.
Preparation of stabilized silicones delivered from aqueous solutions.
Textile processing.
Formulation of aqueous wood preservatives.
Pigment wetting.
Dispersions of waxes and polishes.
BENEFITS
BENEFITS
Faster wetting.
Optimized microemulsifiers with particle sizes < 0.06.
Lower use levels.
High solvency for many hydrophobic water-insoluble organic chemicals (active

ingredients).
Low contact angles.
Concentrates prepared are compatible with high levels of emulsifiers (anionic

and non-ionic).
Improved spreading on most surfaces.

Better equilibrium surface tension.
Enhanced cleaning performance.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Physical form
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Physical form
Clear liquid
pH (10 wt% aq.)
4.0-6.0
Viscosity @ 25C
15-30 cP
Specific gravity @ 25C
0.92-0.95
pH
Viscosity
Specific gravity @ 25C
Yellow liquid
3.5
100-140 cP
1.0-1.1
CHEMISTRY
Easy-Wet 20 wetting agent is a proprietary super-wetting agent in a convenientto-use liquid form. Easy-Wet 20 wetting agent is a cost-effective, premium wetter/
surfactant suitable for HI&I cleaning, textiles, pigments and other industrial
applications where superior wetting and spreading performance is required.
18
Surfactants
Phosphate Esters
Dextrol and Strodex phosphate ester surfactants are leading technologies within our every expanding portfolio of high performance additives. Dextrol and Strodex
surfactants have been developed for high performance in a variety of end-use applications by engineering specific chemistries under precisely controlled reaction conditions.
Dextrol and Strodex are unique mono- and di-ester phosphates that provide wetting, improve dispersion and emulsion stabilization, and provides corrosion protection.
Product
Phosphate Acid Source
Dextrol OC-7525
Dextrol OC-70
Dextrol OC-78N
Dextrol OC-6025
Salt Form
Chemical Description/ Moles of EO
NH4
10
Dextrol OC-70
Na
Dextrol OC-60
NH4
Dextrol OC-180
Dextrol 0C-60
Dextrol OC-50
Dextrol OC-4025
Typical Active (%)
Typical Viscosity (cPs at 25'C)
Surface tension (0.1% Active in

water, Ph 7) dynes/cm
25
600
36.2
10
89
15,000
36.2
25
600
26.5
45
600
30.1
Dextrol OC-15
Na
90
6,000
30.3
Dextrol OC-40
NH4
25
600
26.5
Dextrol OC-45N
Dextrol OC-40
Na
82
8,600
26.5
Strodex FT-50K
Strodex FT-100
Phosphated Alcohol
50
< 100
50
Strodex SEK-50D
Strodex SE-100
Phosphate Coester Aliphatic Ethoxylate Mixture
50
100
27.9
Strodex TH-1 00
Proprietary Blend
81
300
Strodex TH-4427
Proprietary Blend
97
200
Strodex FT-428
Proprietary Blend
92
800
Strodex PLF-100
Na
Phosphate Coester
82
1500
Strodex LFK-70
Phosphate Coester
70
400
35.8
28.4
Strodex PSK-28
55
50
Strodex NB-20
Proprietary Blend
Na
99
500
Strodex PK-90
Strodex P-100
Phosphate Coester Alcohol and Aliphatic Ethoxylate
90
7000
29.8
Strodex PK-95G
Strodex P-100
80
1700
29.8
Strodex PK-80N
Strodex P-100
68
1000
29.8
Strodex PK-0VOC
Strodex P-100
35
280
30.5
Strodex MOK-70
Strodex MO-100
Phosphated Alcohol
70
Partial Gel >100K
Strodex KM-OVOC
Strodex MO-100
Phosphated Alcohol
40
< 100
43
Strodex EHK-70
Phosphated Alcohol
70
Partial Gel
43
Dextrol OG20/22
Nonylphenol Ethoxylate (10 moles)
97
5,600
35.3
Dextrol OC-15
Phosphate Ester of Nonylphenol Alcohol Ethoxylate (6 moles)
97
3,600
30.3
Dextrol OC-11O
Phosphate Ester of Nonylphenol Alcohol Ethoxylate (3 moles)
97
36,000
33.4
Dextrol OC-93Z
Phosphate Ester of Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylate
99
3500
Dextrol OC-70
Phosphate Ester of Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylate (10 moles)
97
800
36.2
Dextrol OC-60
97
800
30.1
Dextrol OC-40
97
800
26.5
Strodex FT-100
Phosphated Alcohol
99
4000
50
Strodex LH-55
Phosphate Ester of Nonylphenol Ethoxylate
80
10,000
Strodex SE-100
Phosphate Coester of Aliphatic Ethoxylate Mixture
96
200
27.9
Strodex P-100
Phosphate Coester of Alcohol and Aliphatic Ethoxylate
98
600
29.8
Strodex MO-100
Phosphated Alcohol
98
l.300
43
19
Vinyl monomers
V-Pyrol vinyl pyrrolidone
V-Cap vinyl caprolactam
N-Vinyl-2-Pyrrolidone
N-Vinyl-2-Caprolactam
APPLICATIONS
Reactive diluent for radical initiated UV radiation curing used in vinyl flooring,
wood coatings, release coatings, inks, etc.
Numerous conventional polymerizations to generate an array of materials with a
variety of properties as noted in the following polymer section.
Gafgard 233 formulated UV-curable coating containing V-Pyrol vinyl
pyrrolidone and a multifunctional acrylate is used to impart high levels of
abrasion resistance to coatings for plastic lenses, protective window films,
credit cards, etc.
APPLICATIONS
Reactive diluent for radical-initiated UV radiation curing used in inks (especially
silkscreening), vinyl flooring, wood coatings, release coatings, etc.
Conventional polymerizations to generate materials that have more hydrophobic
character than analogous V-Pyrol vinyl pyrrolidone based products.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Boiling point
Melting point
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Boiling point
Melting point
Vapor pressure
Flash point
Viscosity
193C @ 400 mm Hg
13C
<0.10mm Hg @ 20C
Flash point
Viscosity
35C
<0.1mm Hg @ 20C
114C
3.5 cP @ 40C
96C
2 cP @ 25C
CHEMISTRY
V-Pyrol vinyl pyrrolidone is a clear liquid stabilized with insoluble sodium
hydroxide or soluble N,N-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine. The latter inhibitor
is supplied in V-Pyrol vinyl pyrrolidone at concentrations of 25 ppm and at 100
ppm, respectively, for radiation curing and nonradiation curing applications. This
monomer is known to be a supercooled liquid well below its freezing point of
13C. It can remain as a liquid at room temperature for extended periods. Rapid,
exothermic crystallization under these conditions should not be confused with
bulk polymerization.
V-Pyrol vinyl pyrrolidone accelerates UV curing rates as the reactive diluent.
Typically formulated with an acrylate oligomer, it imparts its unique solution
viscosity reduction and enhanced adhesion to non-polar substrates. The
activated double bond of V-Pyrol vinyl pyrrolidone facilitates its use in free radical
homo- and copolymerizations and grafting reactions. The products of these
reactions are either linear or crosslinked homopolymers and nonionic, anionic
and cationic copolymers. Polymers from V-Pyrol vinyl pyrrolidone are amorphous,
and the pyrrolidone ring imparts hydrophilicity, adhesiveness, strength and
complexing capability.
20
Vapor pressure
116C @ 10mm Hg
CHEMISTRY
V-Cap vinyl caprolactam is a pale yellow crystalline solid stabilized with 10
ppm N,N-di-sec-butyl p-phenylenediamine and having chemical reactivity
characteristics similar to those cited above for V-Pyrol vinyl pyrrolidone. Polymers
synthesized from V-Cap vinyl caprolactam are significantly more hydrophobic
than their V-Pyrol vinyl pyrrolidone analogs but still exhibit the adhesiveness,
strength and complexing capability characteristic of the lactam functionality. As
with V-Pyrol vinyl pyrrolidone, V-Cap vinyl caprolactam is a super cooled liquid
and can remain as a liquid at room temperature for extended periods. Rapid,
exothermic crystallization under these conditions should not be confused with
bulk polymerization.
V-Cap vinyl caprolactam accelerates UV curing rates as the reactive diluent.
Typically formulated with an acrylate oligomer, it imparts unique solution
viscosity reduction and enhanced adhesion to non-polar substrates. The
activated double bond of V-Cap vinyl caprolactam facilitates its use in free radical
homo- and copolymerizations and grafting reactions. The products of these
reactions are either linear or crosslinked homopolymers and nonionic, anionic
and cationic copolymers. Polymers from V-Cap vinyl caprolactam are amorphous,
and the caprolactam ring imparts hydrophobicity, adhesiveness, strength and
complexing capability.
PVP K-series
APPLICATIONS
Dye transfer inhibition in detergents using PVP K-15 and K-30 to form
complex fugitive.
Textile dye stripping and strike rate control through complexation and dispersion
with PVP K-30.
Photoprocessing where sulfide salts are complexed by PVP K-30 in developing
baths to inhibit redeposition on film.
Laundry detergents where PVP K-30 inhibits soil redeposition.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone is a hygroscopic, amorphous polymer supplied as

a white, free-flowing powder or a clear aqueous solution. Available in
several molecular weight grades, they are characterized by K-value, and
used in various applications.
Emulsion polymerization where PVP K-30 latex stabilizer, functioning as a

protective colloid, facilitates redispersion of a broken latex end-use application.
Dispersions using PVP K-30 and K-90 for nonaqueous dye-and pigment-based
writing ink delivery systems.
Production of expandable polystyrene, with PVP K-90 used as the
protective colloid.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone and a number of its copolymers used as media
components in digital inkjet printing.
Hollow fiber membrane manufacture in which PVP K-90 and K-30 create voids
and hydrophilic domains in polysulfone membranes.
In oilfield cementing, PVP K-30 and K-90 serve as fluid loss control agents.
On lithographic plates using hydrophobic inks, PVP K-15 provides enhancement
of the nonimage area.
PVP K-85 and 90 in stearate-based adhesive sticks for arts and crafts applications.
On both ends of toilet paper rolls, PVP K-60 is used as an adhesive.
In fiber glass sizing, PVP K-30 and K-90s film-forming action promotes
polyvinylacetate adhesion.
As combustible ceramic binders, PVP K-30 and K-90 enhance green strength.
In tablet binder formulations, PVP K-30 and K-90 are used for industrial and
pharmaceutical applications.
In CRT fabrication using negative photoresist technology, PVP K-90 is used with a
chemical crosslinker in water-based coating systems.
In production of electrolead hydrogels, PVP K-90 is crosslinked by E-beam
irradiation to produce a conducting medium.
In metal quenchant bath, PVP K-60, K-90 and K-120 are effective thickeners.
PVP K-30 and K-90 are used for enzyme stabilization.
Production of nano-sized metal pigments.
Dispersant for carbon nano-fibers.
21
PVP K-series (continued)
CHEMISTRY
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Grade
K-Value Range
Molecular Weight
10-14
13-19
26-35
50-62
83-88
88-100
114-130
5,000
9,700
66,800
396,000
825,000
1,570,000
3,470,000
K-12
K-15
K-30
K-60
K-85
K-90
K-120
(GPC/MALLS)
Water absorbtivity
~17% water @ 60% RH/20C
Glass transition temperature
130 - 180C, increases with

Mw to Max. 180C
Film formation
Hard, glossy, transparent,

oxygen permeable
Film refractive index
~1.53 @ 25C
SOLUBILITY CHARACTERISTICS
Soluble in water and most polar solvents.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) can be plasticized with water and most common

organic plasticizers. It is considered to be physiologically inert. Applications take
advantage of one or more properties inherent in the polymer, typically due to the
lactam ring.
High polarity and the resultant propensity to form complexes with hydrogen
donors, such as phenols and carboxylic acids, as well as anionic dyes and
inorganic salts;
Dispersancy, where components in a mixture are uniformly distributed through
the use of polyvinylpyrrolidone. Hydrophilicity, where the substantial water
solubility of PVP is its dominant feature and frequently a factor along with other
properties valuable to numerous applications;
Adhesion, taking advantage of the higher molecular weight PVP formulating in
aqueous media, then evaporating sufficient water to generate a solid product for
the desired application.
Cohesivity, where cohesive strength is achieved through a variety of dry
blending and granulation techniques.
PVP is cross-linkable to a water insoluble, swellable material either in the course
of vinylpyrrolidone polymerization, by addition of an appropriate multifunctional
comonomer or by post-reaction, typically through hydrogen abstraction chemistry.
Insoluble in esters, ethers, ketones and hydrocarbons.
PVP K-60, K-85 and K-120 are currently available only as aqueous
solutions. All other PVPs are available as dried powder or in solution.
22
ViviPrint 540 polymers
PVPP polymers
PVPP (Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone) is a highly cross-linked, amorphous,
white, free-flowing polymer produced through a unique proliferous
(popcorn) polymerization. Although insoluble in water, acids, bases and
organic solvents, the polymers offered have swell volumes of between
4 and 8 ml/g in water. PVPP strongly complexes with phenols such as
tannins, flavonoids and dyes, adsorbing these compounds within its
interior cavities.
APPLICATIONS
Digital printing media.
Oilfield shale stabilization.
Rheology modifier.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Physical form
10-12% aqueous solution
Brookfield viscosity
5,000-20,000 cps as supplied

650 cP @ 5% solids
Molecular weight
600,000-800,000 (GPC)1
1,500,000-2,000,000 (MALLS)
Tg
174C
CHEMISTRY
ViviPrint 540 is produced by a proprietary in-situ process resulting in a 2-phase
matrix consisting of soluble PVP and nanoscale PVP particles approximately 320
nm in size. This unique matrix allows for high viscosity, greater flexibility, better
adhesion, curl resistance and improved water-fastness in inkjet media compared
to PVP K-90.
1
Determined relative to polyethylene oxide standards
23
Disintex disintegrants
ViviPrint PS-10 polymers

polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP)
APPLICATIONS
Tablet and granule disintegrants, high capillary activity and hydration capacity.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Physical Properties
Disintex 75 disintegrant
Disintex 200 disintegrant
Chemistry
PVPP
PVPP inert salt
Particle size
75
150
APPLICATIONS
Use level
2%
2%
Digital print media.
Hard tablet
> 10 tons
Dishwashing tabs
Hard tablet
> 10 tons
Dishwashing tabs
Water-softening tabs
Synergistic absorption effects with silica for both dye-and

pigment-based inks.
Applications
Improve silica aqueous dispersions by reducing hard pack.

Dye-binding pigment useful in non-aqueous coatings.
CHEMISTRY
Disintex disintegrants are propertiary blends of PVPP, cellulose and/or inert
salts. They are used extensively as disintegrants in laundry and dishwashing
detergent tablets, taking advantage of their swell volumes. The cross-linked PVPP
homopolymers are highly hydrophilic and will rapidly absorb water on contact to
swell and create internal stress points that will break-up tablets.
24
CHEMISTRY
ViviPrint PS-10 is 100% PVPP with an average particle size of 15-30. The
hydroscopic nature of pyrrolidone enhances the ability of PS-10 particles to absorb
liquid rapidly, and its highly hydrophilic nature leads to rapid dispersion in water.
Vinylpyrrolidone copolymers
Antaron (Ganex) polymers
The copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone and a number of other vinyl

monomers are described on the following pages. These products are used
in applications that benefit from the unique characteristics of the pendant
pyrrolidone ring in combination with the properties of the co-monomers
functionalities.
alkylated polyvinylpyrrolidone
Sold as Antaron alkylated polyvinylpyrrolidone
in Europe and Canada.
APPLICATIONS
Antaron alkylated PVP are relatively low molecular weight polymers varying
in degree of hydrophobicity from water-soluble powder (P-904LC) to waterinsoluble flaked solid (WP-660) and are useful in the following applications:
Emulsifiers and dispersants in nonaqueous systems.
Desensitizer/wax dispersant in melt-cast explosives.
Dye dispersant for candles and shoe polish.
Water-resistant film former in wood coatings.
Kinetic inhibitor against hydrate formation in oilfield operations.
Asphaltene dispersant.
Pigment dispersant in solvent-based coatings and inks.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Grade
Co-Polymer
Composition1
Tg/
Melting Pt.
Viscosity2
Supplied As
P-904LC
90% VP,
10% C4 olefin
155C
14 @ 25Ca
White powder
V-516
50% VP,
50% C16 olefin
150C
300 @ 25C
55% actives
in IPA
V-216
20% VP,
80% C16 olefin
Melting Pt.
8.5C
2500 @ 50Cc
Viscous
liquid
V-220
30% VP,
70% C20 olefin
Melting Pt.
~35C
20M @ 80Cd
Wax
WP-660**
20% VP,
80% C30 olefin
Melting Pt.
~63C
Flaked solid
**
Material is not listed on the US EPA TSCA inventory.
VP= Vinylpyrrolidone, C4 alpha-olefin= 1-butene, C16 alpha-olefin= 1-hexadecene, C20

alpha-olefin= 1-eicosene, C30 alpha-olefin= 1-tricosene.
Brookfield, cP. a) RVT#2, 20rpm/10%solids; b) RVT#3, 20rpm/as is; c) RVT#2, 20rpm/neat; RVT# 5,
20rpm/neat.
CHEMISTRY
Antaron resins are copolymers produced from alpha-olefin and vinylpyrrolidone.
The alkyl component varies from a C-4 to C-30 moiety in concentrations from 10
to 80%. The combination of vinylpyrrolidone and alkyl functionalities produces a
balance of dispersing and waterproofing capacity in the Antaron line.
25
PVP/VA polymers
vinyl pyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymers
APPLICATIONS
PVP/VA polymers produce transparent, flexible, oxygen permeable films which
adhere to glass, plastics and metals. These properties, coupled with the ability
to control their hydrophilicity through monomer composition, enable extensive
industrial use:
In remoistenable, hot melt adhesives.
In repulpable, pressure sensitive adhesives, where the water solubility of PVP/VA
S-630 facilitates recycling.
In a hot-melt adhesive for a diaper wetness indicator system.
As a binder for dry-film photoresists.
PVP/VA polymer resins are linear, random copolymers produced by the freeradical polymerization of the monomers in ratios varying from 70/30 to 30/70
vinyl acetate to vinylpyrrolidone.
PVP/VA polymers are thermoplastic resins with molecular weights ranging from
approximately 15M-60M. Their glass transition temperatures vary from 70 to 115C
and hydrophilicity increases with vinylpyrrolidone content.
PVP/VA polymers are available as white powders or clear solutions in ethanol,
isopropanol and water. Polymers in the four ranges of vinylpyrrolidone content
(30, 50, 60 and 70%), are produced in ethanol or isopropanol. PVP/VA polymers
with 60 and 70% vinylpyrrolidone content are available as solids or as 50%
aqueous solutions.
In solder masks utilizing aqueous processing.

Inkjet coatings improves print receptivity.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
26
CHEMISTRY
PVP/VA Grade
Supplied As
~Mw
Glass Transition
Temp. of Copolymer
in C; low to high
Mw Range
E-335, -535, -635, -735
50% Ethanol
solution
29,000-57,000
69, 96, 106, 117
I-335, -535, -735
50% IPA
solution
13,000-22,000
71, 89, 108
W-635, -735
50% Aqueous
solution
15,000-27,000
99, 114
S-630
Dry powder
51,000
110
In addition to being soluble in alcohols, PVP/VA polymers dissolve in esters and

ketones but are insoluble in ethers and aliphatic hydrocarbons. The water-soluble
PVP/VA polymers exhibit a 5% aqueous cloud point, i.e. the 60% vinylpyrrolidone
content resin has a minimum critical solution temperature of 68C.
Chemical capabilities
Antara (Polectron 430) polymer
Vinylpyrrolidone/Alkylaminomethacrylate and
Alkylaminomethacrylamide copolymers
Sold as Antara 430 PVP/Polystyrene latex in Europe and Asia Pacific.

APPLICATIONS
Antara 430 polymer, with a glass transition temperature of approximately 100C,
gives transparent, thermoplastic films that readily adhere to glass, plastics and
metals. The emulsion, compatible with many polymers and surfactants, is typically
used as:
An opacifier and thickener for cleaning products.
Hydrophobic coating for inkjet recording media.
Oil-resistant coatings.
See pages 27 30
Cold-seal adhesive component.

APPLICATIONS
CHEMISTRY
Antara 430 polymer is a white, thermoplastic, 38-41% solids, latex produced as a
graft, emulsion copolymer of 30% polyvinylpyrrolidone and 70% styrene in the
presence of an anionic surfactant. The size distribution of the emulsion is such that
90% of the particles are <0.5 micron with a maximum 25C viscosity of 750cps
@ pH 2.0-5.0. Polectron 430 polymer is thermally and mechanically stable in the
presence of a variety of ionic compounds. The viscosity is unaffected after three
freeze-thaw cycles between ambient and -20C; the emulsion is unbroken at 25C
after 1/2 hr @ 10,000 rpm and does not coagulate on addition of 1% hydrochloric
acid, calcium chloride, alum or sodium borate.
These polymers have a number of unique properties such as substantivity to

anionic materials that make them useful as:
Dye receptors in inkjet and digital printing media.
Adjuvant for electrodeposition of copper in printed circuit board fabrication.
CHEMISTRY
The copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone and dimethylaminoethyl-methacrylate
(VP/DMAEMA, X=O, y=2) or vinylpyrrolidone and dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide (VP/DMAPMA, X=N, y=3) are supplied as viscous solutions in
either water or ethanol. These polymers serve to a great extent as precursors for
cationic polymers through quaternization reactions on the pendant tertiary amino
function. They are described on the following pages.
27
Sorez HS-205 and Gafquat copolymers
Gafquat HS-100 polymers
vinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate copolymers (VP/

DMAEMA)
vinylpyrrolidone/methacrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium chloride

copolymer
Two VP/DMAEMA copolymers are quaternized with diethylsulfate-producing

Gafquat 755/755N and Gafquat 734 VP/DMAEMA, which give transparent, glossy,
tack free, flexible films. The polymers are substantive to negatively charged
surfaces and compatible with anionic and amphoteric surfactants.
The copolymer of methacrylamidopropyltrimethyl-ammonium chloride (MAPTAC)

and vinylpyrrolidone, Gafquat HS-100 vinylpyrrolidone/methacrylamidopropyl
trimethylammonium chloride opolymer gives transparent, glossy and tack-free
flexible films. Amide linkage in the MAPTAC moiety imparts greater hydrolysis
resistance. Typical of this cationic polymer family, Gafquat HS-100 vinylpyrrolidone/
methacrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium chloride opolymer is substantive
to negatively charged surfaces and compatible with anionic and amphoteric
surfactants. (Material is not listed on the US EPA TSCA inventory.)
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
28
Product
Solution
Mw1
Tg
Brookfield
Viscosity2
Copolymer 845
20% H20
1,000,000
172C
20,000-70,000
Copolymer 937
20% H20
1,000,000
104C
20,000-70,000
Copolymer 958
50% Ethanol
80,000-150,000
100C
60,000-90,000
Gafquat 755/755N
VP/DMAEMA
20% H20
1,000,000
155C/149C
20,000-70,000
Gafquat 734 VP/

DMAEMA
50% Ethanol
60,000-110,000
140C
30,000-70,000
Sorez HS205 VP/

DMAEMA
20% H20
1,000,000
172C
20,000-70,000
Determined by GPC using polyethyleneoxide standard.
cP as is, @22-23C, RVT #7, 30 rpm.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Product
Solution
Mw1
Tg
Gafquat HS-100 vinylpyrrolidone/

methacrylamidopropyl
trimethylammonium chloride
opolymer
20% H20
900,0001,200,000
184C
Determined by GPC using polyethyleneoxide standard.
cP as is, @22-23C, RVT #7, 30 rpm.
Brookfield
Viscosity2
50,000125,000
Styleze CC-10, ViviPrint 131

and Setleze 3000 copolymers
vinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide copolymer
Styleze W polymers
vinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide/
methacryloylaminopropyl lauryl dimethyl ammonium chloride
terpolymer
APPLICATIONS
Digital printing media (ViviPrint 131 vinylpyrrolidone/
dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide copolymer).
Settling agent for hard surface cleaner (Setleze 3000 vinylpyrrolidone/
dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide copolymer).
Thickener for strong acid formulations such as toilet bowl cleaners.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Properties
APPLICATIONS
Styleze CC-10 vinylpyrrolidone/

ViviPrint 131 and Setleze
dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide 3000 vinylpyrrolidone/
copolymer
dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide
copolymer
Inkjet receptive media.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Physical form
Slightly hazy aqueous solution
6,000-24,000
% Solids
10% (W-10), 20% (W-20)
1,500,000-2,000,000
pH (as is)
3.5-5.0
Nanoparticles No
Yes
Viscosity
Neutralized
H2SO4
HCI
<5000 cP (W-10)
40,000-100,000 (W-20)
Tg
161C
167C
Molecular weight
2,700,000
Tg
135C
pH (as is)
6.0-8.0
6.5-7.8
Viscosity (cP)
10,000-35,000
Mw
1,200,000-1,500,000
CHEMISTRY
These high molecular weight copolymers have a strong affinity for anionically
charged substrates, which can be further enhanced through quaternization.
It produces transparent, flexible, high-gloss coatings with improved water
resistant. Cross-linking significantly improves water resistance. Presence of
the amide linkage imparts greater hydrolysis resistance. Compatible with
nonionic, cationic and amphoteric surfactant, soluble in ethanol and water,
insoluble (Styleze CC-10 vinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide
copolymer) and partially soluble (ViviPrint 131 and Setleze 3000 vinylpyrrolidone/
dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide copolymer) in acetone. ViviPrint and
Setleze vinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide copolymer are
produced by a proprietary in-situ process resulting in a 2-phase matrix consisting
of soluble copolymer and nanoscale particles approximately 320 nm in size that
impart improved water-resistance, light fastness and curl resistance in digital
media applications.
CHEMISTRY
Styleze W polymers are random terpolymers of vinyl pyrrolidone,
dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide and methacryloylaminopropyl lauryl
dimethyl ammonium chloride. They promote and stabilize foam through their
ability to reduce surface tension, excellent adhesion to high energy substrates and
are flexible, elastic, low-tack and heat-resistant films. Additional solution viscosity
improvements can be achieved by the addition of salts. (Material is not listed on the
US EPA TSCA inventory.)
29
Styleze 2000 and Acrylidone LM polymers
UltraThix P-100 crosspolymer
vinylpyrrolidone/acrylic acid/lauryl methacrylate terpolymer
acrylic acid/VP crosspolymer
APPLICATIONS
High efficacy styling gels.
Rinse aid in automatic dish detergent.
Metal quenching.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Physical form
White, free flowing powder
Molecular weight
1,010,000 (MALLS)
APPLICATIONS
Tg
176C
Clear gels.
Emulsion Stabilizer.
CHEMISTRY
Styleze 2000 is a high molecular weight, film-forming anionic terpolymer
composed of vinyl pyrrolidone and a acrylate backbone with a hydrophobic
pendant C-12 chain. IT is insoluble in ethanol and water until neutralized for easy
dispersion. Exhibits synergistic thickening when combined with associative
rheology modifiers.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Physical form
White, powder
Acid Number
340 - 390
Viscosity (1% aq., 75% neutralized)
35,000 - 65,000 cps
CHEMISTRY
Ultrathix P-100 is an anionic polymer. It is a shear thinning rheology modifier with
high Brookfield yield to suspend solids. Compatible with anionic, nonionic and
some cationic polymers. (Material is not listed on the US EPA TSCA inventory.)
30
Vinylcaprolactam polymers
Copolymer VC-713 polymer
APPLICATIONS
vinylpyrrolidone/vinylcaprolactam/ dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate
terpolymer
Vinylcaprolactam-derived polymers give hard, glossy transparent films with

excellent adhesive and cohesive properties. These products are also available in
2-butoxyethanol for application as kinetic gas hydrate inhibitors. The polymers
also find use in many of the markets noted for polyvinylpyrrolidone. In general,
vinylcaprolactam imparts reduced water solubility and cloud point relative to
vinylpyrrolidone-based polymers while enhancing the hydrophobicity of the resin.
Sold as Gaffix VC-713 vinylpyrrolidone/vinylcaprolactam/

dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate terpolymer in North America.
GAS HYDRATE INHIBITORS

A range of V-Cap and V-Pyrol homo- and copolymers are available in a
variety of solvents to facilitate uninterrupted flow in natural gas field pipelines
at varying environments defined by brine content, temperature, pressure,
composition and residence time from field to collection point. They are cited
below as Inhibex polymers.
APPLICATIONS
Gas hydrate inhibition.
Flocculating agent.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
1
2
Polymer
Monomer
Composition
Solution
Mw1
Viscosity2
Inhibex 301
VCL/DEAEMA
50%
butoxyethanol
6-9x103
5000-10000
Inhibex 501
50% VCL/
50% VP
50%
butoxyethanol
5-8x10
3000-6000
Inhibex 505
VCL/VP/AMPS
40%
Aqueous Ethylene Glycol
3-5x103
1000-5000
Inhibex 510
VCL/HEMA
50%
butoxyethanol
2-4x103
2000-10000
Inhibex BIO-800
VCL/VOH/VA
55%
butoxyethanol
2-4x103
2500-7500
Determined by GPC using polyethylene oxide standard

Brookfield cP, as is, @25C, RVT #3, 20rpm
Film former in hair styling products.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Physical form
Viscous ethanol solution
Molecular weight
82,700
Tg
152C
CHEMISTRY
Vinyl caprolactam imparts increased hydrophocity and reduces tack. Water
soluble film former, pseudo-cationic functionality, substantive to negatively
charged surfaces. Quaternization yields cationic polymer; compatible with anionic,
nonionic and cationic surfactants, silicones and thickeners.
31
Aquaflex SF-40 polymer
Aquastyle 300 tetrapolymer
vinylcaprolactam/vinylpyrrolidone/
dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide terpolymer
tetrapolymer of vinylpyrrolidone, vinyl caprolactam,

dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide and methacryloylaminopropyl
lauryl dimethyl ammonium chloride
APPLICATIONS
APPLICATIONS
Film-forming polymer in hair styling products.
Film-forming polymer in hair styling products.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Physical form
Aqueous-alcoholic viscous liquid
% Active
~30%
Relative Viscosity
(1% in 0.2 N LiNO3)
1.90 - 2.35
Molecular Weight
~35,000
CHEMISTRY
Tg
160C
Transparent, flexible glossy films; pseudo-cationic, substantive to negatively

charged surfaces; quaternization yields cationic polymer; decreased tackiness and
improved hydrocarbon compatibility due to V-Cap reactive monomer; water and
ethanol soluble. (Material is not listed on the US EPA TSCA inventory.)
Cloud Point
46C (4% solids in aqueous solution)
Physical form
Clear viscous ethanol solution
Molecular weight
37,500
Tg
119C
CHEMISTRY
Transparent, flexible glossy film, cationic substantive to negative charged surfaces.
Association with hydrophobically modified gellant to increase viscosity over nonionic polymers. (Material is not listed on the US EPA TSCA inventory.)
32
Chromabond polymers
Sorez 100 copolymer

polyethylene glycol polyester copolymer
APPLICATIONS
Soil release agent in laundry detergents, fabric softeners and
pre-and post-wash stain removers.
Ironing aid.
Chromabond S-100
dye-complexing polymer
(US only)
Chromabond S-400
dye-complexing polymer
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Physical form
Slightly turbid amber liquid
% Solids
75-77%
APPLICATIONS US only
Dye transfer inhibitors.
CHEMISTRY
Hard surface cleaners.
A modified polyester copolymer concentrate in water-soluble form. The product

imparts wicking properties to hydrophobic textiles. It provides soil release and
anti-redeposition properties while reducing the electrostatic charge of treated
polyester. The polymer forms a thin film on the substrate, enabling effective soil
removal during subsequent wash cycles.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Physical
Properties
Physical form
Chromabond
S-100 dyecomplexing
polymer
Chromabond
S-400 dyecomplexing
polymer
Chromabond
S-403E dyecomplexing
polymer
Aqueous
solution
Aqueous
solution
Aqueous
solution
% Solids
38-42
38-42
33-37
Viscosity (cP)
850
350
90
Molecular weight
35,000
28,000-32,000
9,000-17,000
pH (5% solution)
4-7
4-5
4-5
CHEMISTRY
Chromabond polymers contain either nitrogen oxide (S-400 and S-403) or
betaine (S-100) functionalities. Chromabond dye-complexing polymers is a new
family of premium dye transfer inhibitors (DTI), developed and used in color-safe
laundry detergents. Chromabond polymers demonstrate superior complexing of
fugitive dyes at cost-effective levels under different temperatures and surfactant
environments. Its chemical structure promotes dye complexation up to 60C,
while resisting interaction with anionic surfactants. Chromabond polymers are
soluble in water and water-alcohol mixtures but insoluble in most other solvents.
33
RheoThix 601 thickening agent
Aquaflow (Hydrophobically Modified

Polyacetal-Polyethers)
sodium polyacrylate
Aquaflow rheology modifiers are nonionic synthetic associative thickeners.

Thickening results from self-association and association with the latex particles.
They are surface active, stable over a broad pH range (4 - 12), and more salt
tolerant than commercial HEURs (Hydrophobe-modified Ethoxylated Urethanes).
Aquaflow product line contains both high-shear and low-shear nonionic
thickeners.
APPLICATIONS
Adhesives.
Caulking.
Sealants.
APPLICATIONS
Inks.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Physical form
Off-white, milky dispersion
% Active
57-59
Viscosity
500 - 2000 cP
Water-based adhesives.
Water-based coatings.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
CHEMISTRY
RheoThix 601 thickening agent is an anionic, pseudo-plastic thickening agent,
emulsifying and stabilizing ingredient that improves performance. It can be
incorporate into the water phase, into the oil phase and after the oil is emulsified
to provide uniform thickening without neutralization, pre-swelling or pre-heating.
The recommended use level is 0.2 - 2.5% based on solid content.
Physical
Properties
NLS-200
NLS-210
NLS-220
NHS-300
NHS310
XLS-500
XLS-525
% solids
25
25
21
20
21
40
34
Carrier
Water/
butyl
carbitol
Water/
butyl
carbitol
Water
Water
Water
Water/
surfactants
Water/
surfactants
Approx
Viscosity,
cps
4,000
3,000
2,000
5,000
1,500
1,200
1,600
Shear
Low
Low
Low
High
High
CHEMISTRY
Aquaflow polymers have poly(acetal- or ketal-polyether) backbone that are
either linear or branched. The polyethers (as precursors for the final polymer)
are water soluble polyalkylene oxide or copolymers of polyalkylene oxides. The
hydrophobes are chosen to balance rheological properties and hydrophobic/
hydrophilic interactions.
34
Gantrez copolymers
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Grade
Viscosity1
Molecular Weight2
AN-119
0.1-0.5
130,000
AN-139
1.0-1.5
690,000
AN-149
1.5-2.5
1,250,000
AN-169
2.6-3.5
1,980,000
1% in MEK @25C, Cannon Fenske, Tube Size 100
SEC/LALLS detector
Reaction of the anhydride functional group with essentially any molecule having
an active hydrogen opens a wealth of opportunities to synthesize useful
derivatives.
CHEMISTRY
Gantrez AN copolymers
polymethylvinylether/maleic anhydride copolymer
APPLICATIONS
Because of their unique chemical structure and reactivities, Gantrez copolymers
function well as:
Gantrez AN copolymers contain alternating units of methylvinylether and maleic

anhydride. The fundamental character of this polymerization requires that a
maleic anhydride unit must be adjacent to a methylvinylether unit and vice
versa, resulting in a true alternating copolymer. As shown in the table above,
Gantrez AN (anhydride form) copolymer is available in the molecular weight
range of 130M-2500M. The polymers are white, hygroscopic powders soluble in
tetrahydrofuran and M-Pyrol solvent; insoluble in aliphatic and halogenated
hydrocarbons. All four grades have a glass transition temperature of 151-154C,
independent of molecular weight and form transparent, tack-free films.
Dispersants for fluorescent light phosphors.

Microcapsule clusterants in carbonless paper and latex systems.
Complex coacervates with gelatin to form the microcapsule wall in
carbonless paper.
Calcium encrustation inhibitors in laundry detergents.
Acid layers in diffusion transfer film to neutralize alkaline developers and dyes.
Intermediates in adhesive applications and liquid laundry detergent stabilizers.
Imide derivatives for anti-reflective layers on silicon wafers prior to photoresist
coating and light exposure.
Gas fade inhibitors for Spandex* fibers.
Water retention aid in concrete.
Metal sequestrant.
Anionic polyacids.
35
Gantrez S copolymers
Gantrez ES copolymers
poly(methylvinylether/maleic acid) copolymer
poly(methylvinylether/maleic acid) half esters copolymer
APPLICATIONS
APPLICATIONS
Calcium encrustation inhibitors in laundry detergents.
Pigment dispersants in cosmetic formulations.
Dispersant aid.
pH-dependent soluble films (enteric coatings).
Aluminum surface conditioning.

Diagnostic test strips.
CHEMISTRY
Base-activated adhesive for peel-apart instant film.
Ethyl, isopropyl and n-butyl half esters are produced by opening up the anhydride
in alcohol. These polymers, based on Gantrez AN-119 copolymer, are sold as 50%
solutions in ethanol or isopropanol. They are water-soluble when neutralized
greater than 40% using either an organic or inorganic base. Adhesive strength can
be adjusted through controlling the degree of neutralization. Films are flexible,
clear and glossy and have improved water resistance compared to Gantrez S
copolymer.
CHEMISTRY
Gantrez S95 and S97 copolymers have repeating co-maleic acid units produced
by hydrolysis of Gantrez AN copolymer. The polycarboxylic acid derivatives with
a pH of ~2 at 5% concentration are available either as viscous solutions or white
powders. The vicinal dicarboxylic acid functionality of these materials is useful in
a number of applications. The free acid forms are water-soluble, giving clear and
tacky films. Solution rheology can be modified by the addition of salts and bases.
Stabileze QM polymer
poly(methylvinylether/maleic anhydride decadiene) crosspolymer
Gantrez MS copolymers
poly(methylvinylether/maleic acid) mixed-salts copolymer
APPLICATIONS
APPLICATIONS
Stabileze rheology modifiers yield clear, aqueous gels that are shear thinning and
slightly thixotropic, having good shear, temperature and UV A radiation stability.
Stabileze crosspolymer is effective as a rheology modifier for:
Bioadhesives.
Thickener.
Inkjet coatings.
Coatings and inks.

Sealants.
CHEMISTRY
Electroconductive gels.
Gantrez MS-955 copolymer is a mixed salt of sodium/calcium and is supplied as

a free-flowing powder. The copolymer is soluble in water and produces solutions
with high viscosity.
Deicing fluids.
Pigment dispersant.
CHEMISTRY
Stabileze QM polymer is produced in a manner similar to that of Gantrez AN
copolymer but with the added monomer decadiene present to yield a crosslinked,
water-swellable resin. The polymer is a white, free-flowing powder with a glass
transition temperature of approximately 150C. The solid can be dispersed in
water without coagulating, and the anhydride function will hydrolyze directly or
through the action of base. A neutralized 0.5% solution in water at pH 7 and 25C
has a viscosity range of 45,000-70,000 cP.
36
EasySperse polymeric dispersant range
I-Rez 160 copolymer
(poly(methylvinylether/maleic acid) -butyl ethyl ester,

sodium salt)
isobutylene/maleic anhydride copolymer
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
APPLICATIONS
Physical form
Free flowing white powder
Dispersant for hydrophobic insectides, fungicides, herbicides.
Molecular weight
78,000-94,000
Dispersant for hydrophobic organic compounds (fragrances, emollients, essential

oils, etc.).
Tg
164C
CHEMISTRY
CHEMISTRY
EasySperse dispersant is a copolymer of the monobutyl/ethyl ester of poly (methyl
vinyl ether/maleic acid) partially neutralized with sodium hydroxide. The material
is supplied as a 25% aqueous solution and is an excellent film former.
I-Rez 160 copolymer is a linear, alternating copolymer of isobutylene and maleic

anhydride that forms transparent, tack-free films and reacts with alcohols/amines
to yield half esters/amides. Soluble in aprotic solvents, and forms gels with ketones
and esters. Water solubility control by degree of neutralization. Insoluble in alcohol
and aliphatic hydrocarbons.
37
Aquaflex FX-64 copolymer
Aquaflex XL-30 copolymer
isobutylene/ethylmaleimide/hydroxyethylmaleimide copolymer
isobutylene/dimethylaminopropyl maleimide/ethoxylatedmaleimide/
maleicacid copolymer
APPLICATIONS
Film former.
Adhesive/cohesive properties.
APPLICATIONS
Film former, flexible coating with low coefficient of friction.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Physical form
Yellow viscous liquid
Molecular weight
39,000
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Tg
135C
Physical form
Straw-like hazy, viscous aqueous solution
Molecular weight
86,000
CHEMISTRY
Aquaflex FX-64 copolymer is an imidized isobutylene/maleic anhydride
copolymer that produces low-tack, glossy films supplied as 40% hydroalcoholic
solution. (Material is not listed on the US EPA TSCA inventory.)
38
CHEMISTRY
Aquaflex XL-30 copolymer is an isobutylene dimethylaminopropylmaleimide/
ethoxylated maleimide/maleic anhydride copolymer that produces highly flexible,
glossy and humidity-resistant films and forms clear gels with anionic rheology
modifiers. (Material is not listed on the US EPA TSCA inventory.)
Acrylates
CHEMISTRY
ASI has a very comprehensive range of dispersant polymers to suit all applications
that require this type of chemistry. The acrylic dispersant range have various
applications and many of them are multi-purpose. Due to the molecular
structure and/or monomer composition both the acrylic acid homopolymers
and copolymers which be most suited to different scale or dispersing/stabilizing
applications.
Linear anionic polyelectrolytes - fully water soluble that act via electrostatic and
steric effects. They are available as sodium, (S), ammonium,(A), and partially
neutralized,(HN), solutions. Typical molecular weights between 1500 and 6500
and polydispersity between 1.5-2.5 and range of degree of neutralization.
COPOLYMERS
APPLICATIONS
Water conditioning, (boiler and cooling water), oilfield, paint and pigment, inks
dispersion, oilfield scale and thinning applications. In oilfield minerals requiring
inhibition also include barium and strontium whereas in water conditioning it is
mainly calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc.
Product
Type
Active
solids (%)
pH
Mw
PD
Jaypol HS61
Sulphonated
40
~4
4500 6500
2.0 - 2.5
Jaypol HN70
Maleic
45
~7
1500 - 2500
1.5 2.0
Dispersants for adhesives generally use the ammonium salt rather than the
sodium salt of the polymer.
Jaypol S71**
Maleic
50
~7
20000
1.5 2.0
Jaypol F
Isobutylmethacrylate
40
~7
4500 6500
2.0 2.5
Calcium carbonate dispersion in both mineral processing industries

to transport the minerals such as calcium carbonate, talc, etc for
paper coatings.
Jaypol AF
Isobutylmethacrylate
40
~7
4500 6500
2.0 2.5
Jaypol HSD
Methacrylic/
butylacrylate
38
~7
2.0 2.5
**
POLYACRYLIC ACID
HOMOPOLYMERS
CHEMISTRY
Acrylic acid copolymers are polymerized with various comonomers such as
maleic anhydride, sulphonated monomers such as AMPS, methacrylic acid,
and isobutylmethacryate. There are available as sodium (S) and partially
neutralized (HS) solutions. They have improved scale-inhibition compared to AA
homopolymers in some applications with higher temperature and salt tolerance
stability, improved threshold inhibition, crystal growth inhibition and particulate
dispersion.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Product
Active solids
(%)
pH
Mw
PD
JaypolTM S40
40
~7
4500 - 6500
2.0 - 2.5
Jaypol S44
40
~7
4500 6500
2.0 - 2.5
Jaypol A40
40
~7
4500 6500
2.0 2.5
Jaypol HN43
48
~3.5
2000- 3000
1.5 2.0
Jaypol HN44
45
~5
4500 - 6500
2.0 2.5
39
Acrylates (continued)
METHACRYLIC ACID/ETHYLACRYLATE COPOLYMERS
Methacrylic Acid / Ethyl Acrylate copolymers act as thickeners. They are alkali
swellable (ASE) or hydrophobically modified alkali swellable (HASE) polymers.
They are generally used in aqueous, highly filled and surfactant systems.
APPLICATIONS
Product
Type
Active Salt
solids tolerance
(%)
Temperature Solution
tolerance
quality
Jaypol AS40
A.S.E
30
Low
High
Clear with
slight
opalescence
Pseudoplastic;
drop flow/
plastic nature
Jaypol AS100
A.S.E
30
Moderate
High
Clear water
white
Pseudoplastic;
gel
Rheology
type (at
0.8%
solution)
Product
Area
Jaypol EM15
A.S.E
18
Low
High
Clear water
white
Pseudoplastic;
stringy nature
Jaypol EM15
Flocculant in oilfield
Textile rheology modifier carpet backing
Jaypol AT1
H.A.S.E
30
High
Moderate
Clear water
white
Newtonian
flow
Jaypol AT2
H.A.S.E
30
High
Low
Jaypol AS40
Matt emulsion paint

Wood coatings
Spray applications
Adhesives/Sealants
Clear water
white
Hybrid
rheology; flow
Jaypol AT4
H.A.S.E
30
High
Low
Clear water
white
Pseudoplastic;
drop flow/gel
Jaypol AS100**
**
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Low quality mat paint

Wood coatings
Spray applications
Adhesives/Sealants
HI&I
Jaypol AT1
Gloss
Semi-gloss paint
Jaypol AT2**
Semi-gloss paint
Screen printing inks
Flexographic printing inks and over lacquers
HI&I
Jaypol AT4
Matt/emulsion paint
Adhesives
Wood coatings
Screen printing inks
HI&I
CHEMISTRY
Methacrylic Acid/Ethylacrylate copolymers are supplied as aqueous emulsions at

pH 2 3 with typical molecular weights 20000 to 40000. They are supplied with
a range of cross-linking and hydrophobicity to optimize rheological properties
and develop rheology by swelling mechanism of addition of suitable alkali with
optimum rheology development between pH 6 12.
LIQUID DISPERSION POLYMERS

Jaypol AL range is high molecular weight liquid dispersion polymers which when
added to water swell to give thickening. The polymers are effective over a pH
range of 4 to 12. One shot additive that can be incorporated at any stage of the
formulation manufacturing process and can provide an opacifier effect.
40
Product
Active
solids (%)
Textural
response
pH
Paint
Adhesive
Sealants
Textiles HI&I
Jaypol AL
60
~7
Jaypol AL2
60
Jaypol 213
50
Promoting
texture, spread
ability non
flow rheology
Secondary effect
produces opacity
~6
~4
Acrylates (continued)
POLYAMINE
SELF CROSSLINKING EMULSIONS

The Jaypol B series are coating film-forming polymer with varying degrees
of tensile strength and abrasion resistance. They are colorless films used
as replacement or in conjunction with urea/formaldehyde or melamine/
formaldehyde. Jaypol B2 and B3 offer softer more flexible films than Jaypol B5.
APPLICATIONS
Product name
% active
Viscosity (cP)
Rapifloc CS-3WPG
50
350
Rapifloc 83
50
175
Rapifloc 85
50
350
Rapifloc 87
50
650
Rapifloc 87HV
50
5000
Rapifloc CS-3WG is the potable water grade.
Textiles
Adhesives
POLYDADMAC
Co-binder in paints and coatings

Automotive
Product name
% active
Viscosity (cP)
Jaypol R conc***
40
2000
***Also available as a low solids version.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Primary coagulant for water clarification, potable water and reduces or eliminates
the need for prior addition of inorganic coagulants.
White aqueous emulsion

Self cross-linking
Improves wet fastness properties of direct and reactive dyes.

Product
Type
Jaypol B3
Deposit (trash) control in papermaking process.
pH
Tg
EA:MAA:NMA:MMA
Jaypol B5
EA:MAA:NMA:MMA
28
Homo and co-polymers of acrylamide
Jaypol B2HC
EA:MAA:NMA:MMA
-14
Supplied in a wide range of physical forms: solution, liquid dispersion, and (LDP),
emulsion or powder grade.
POLYDADMAC AND POLYAMINE
Supplied in a range of anionic to cationic products (Rapifloc A and C series), along

with the non-ionic powder Rapifloc N-10008.
Supplied in a wide varying molecular weight range, cross linking, charge densities
and active contents, and there use is specific to the desired application.
The main application areas are:
They are supplied as variable molecular weight at 40 -50% active solution

polymers, with a high degree of cationic charge, and are effective over a wide
pH range. They act by the destabilization of colloidal particles and charge
neutralization. There primary application is as coagulants for the removal of
turbidity, colloidal material and the precipitation of color.
They are also used as dye fixatives for the textiles applications.
Oilfield, Civil engineering:

Mud viscosifier, shale swell inhibition and friction reducers
Agriculture:
Anti-capping, erosion control, improved water filtration, hydro-seeding lubricants
and water absorbents.
They are also used as alternative rheology modifiers for extreme acid and alkali
formulations.
41
Bondwell, Blanose, Aqualon

carboxymethyl cellulose
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
CMC Category
Grade
Type
Ultra Low
7UL
Extra Low
7EL
Low-Low
Low-Medium
Low-High
Medium-Low
CMC is a cellulose ether, produced by reacting alkali cellulose with sodium

monochloroacetate under controlled conditions. It is an anionic water soluble
polymer.
Batteries / Electronics
Medium-High
High-Low
Applications
Lithium Ion Batteries
Carbon Dispersant
Product Types
or Functions
Binder, Film Former, Dispersion
Rheology Modifier, Suspension
Agent, Binder, Extrusion Aid,
Water Flow Blocking Agent
Civil Engineering, Building

and Construction
42
Medium
Commercial and Institutional

- Light Industry
Industrial Cleaners
Anti-redeposition Aid, Rheology

Controller
Mining and Extraction
Mineral Processing, Mining
Selective Flotation Depressant,

Pellet Binder, Mineral Dispersant
Adhesives and Sealants
Adhesives and sealants
Suspension Agent, Thickener,

Film Former
Advanced Ceramics
Advanced Ceramics
Binder (Plasticizer and Green

Strength), Rheology Modifier,
Controlled Water Release,
Suspension Agent
Ceramics, Pottery and Porcelain
Ceramic Glazes, Traditional

Ceramics
Binder, Film Former, Green

Strength Additive, Rheology
Modifier, Suspension Agent,
Thickener, Water-retention
Agent
Foundries and Refractories
Refractories
Binder, Green Strength

Enhancer, Rebound or Slumping
Reducer, Stabilization Agent
Housewares and Consumer
Freezer Gel
Gel Enhancer, Rheology Modifier,

Stabilization Agent, Thickener
Textiles
Textiles
Film Former, Rheology Modifier,

Sizing Agent, Thickener
Tobacco
Reconstituted Tobacco,
Leave Glue
Binder, Suspension Agent
Pulp and Paper
Paper, Paper Coatings,

Pigment Slurries
Rheology Modifier, Suspension

and Stabilization Agent,
Thickener, Water-retention
Enhancer
Viscosity limits, mPas @ 25 C

12
Range
Concentration
12UL
10 - 25
6%
20 - 60
6%
9EL
7L1
90 - 130
6%
7L2
150 - 250
6%
7L3
400 - 750
6%
7L
25 - 50
2%
7M1
50 - 100
2%
100 - 200
2%
300 - 600
2%
7M2
9M2
7M
7M8
9M8
12M8
200 - 800
2%
600 - 1200
2%
1500 - 3100
2%
3000 - 6500
2%
1500 - 2500
1%
2500 - 4500
1%
7H5S
3500 - 5500
1%
7H9
4000 - 9000
1%
7M12
APPLICATIONS
Markets
DS Type
High
High-High
7M31
9M31
7M65
9M65
7H
7H4
9H4
12M31
The top figure shows the structure of the cellulose molecule; it is visualized as a
polymer chain composed of repeating cellulose units (in brackets). These, in turn,
are composed of two anhydroglucose units (-glucopyranose residues). In this
structure, n is the number of anhydroglucose units (which are joined through 1,4
glucosidic linkages), or the degree of polymerization, of cellulose.
Each anhydroglucose unit in the polymer contains three hydroxyl groups. By
substituting carboxymethyl groups for some of the hydrogens of these hydroxyls,
as shown in the bottom figure, sodium carboxymethylcellulose is obtained. The
average number of hydroxyl groups substituted per anhydroglucose unit is known
as the degree of substitution, or DS. For example, DS Type 7 has a DS of 0.7. If
all three hydroxyls are replaced, the maximum theoretical DS of 3.0 (impossible in
practice) results.
AquaVIS ETD polymers
Ambergum water-soluble polymers
Carboxymethyl cellulose
Ambergum water-soluble polymers are low molecular weight cellulose

polymers supplied as either powder or aqueous solution. They provide
viscosity control and wetting uniformity. In addition, the anionic versions of
Ambergum water-soluble polymers show dispersion properties, useful in
many applications to stabilize particles.
AquaVIS ETD polymers are easy to disperse, high-quality, water-soluble polymers

designed to control rheology and water retention of many water-based fluid
systems such as bentonite based slurries. They provide all the known properties
and advantages of carboxymethyl cellulose ethers (CMC) in rheology control, but
provide faster dissolution without the known drawbacks such as aggregates and
gels; the need for high shear mixing; and the resulting wastage due to incomplete
mixing and dissolution. They are designed to maximize polymer benefits in
bentonite-based drilling fluids for civil engineering applications such as well-water
drilling, horizontal drilling and slurry-wall construction in equipment limited
situations.
AquaVIS ETD polymers are powders that easily disperse and dissolve quickly even
under on-site poor mixing conditions.. When dispersed in aqueous systems,
AquaVIS ETD polymers produce near instantaneous, lump-free, and viscous
solutions/suspensions. The polymers will also dissolve in near freezing cold-water
applications
AquaVIS ETD polymers are used as a fluid rheology modifier, water retention
agent, fluid loss reducer, protective colloid and stabilizer against contaminants.
AquaVIS ETD polymers can be used either alone (polymer systems) or in
combination with minerals, such as bentonite clay. The AquaVIS ETD polymers
series are NSF ANSI-60 approved ensuring quality and consistency for use in
portable water drilling applications.
APPLICATIONS
Lithographic Fountain Solutions - Ambergum water-soluble polymers are a
cost-effective alternative to gum arabic to provide clean viscosity control and
unique rheology in gumming and fountain solutions. They function as wetting
agents and can replace isopropyl alcohol in some systems. Ambergum
water-soluble polymers are produced from reliable and stable raw material
sources. When used in fountain solutions, they can help prevent emulsification,
bleeding of the ink and can provide more uniform wetting of the printing plate.
Civil Engineering Ambergum 1221 water-soluble polymers provide rheology
control and enhance fluid loss control when used with bentonite in tunneling
and drilling applications.
Product
Charge
Physical State
% Active
Ambergum 1221
water-soluble polymer
Anionic
Free flowing powder
100%
Ambergum 3021
Anionic
Pale amber liquid
30%
Ambergum 3085
Nonionic
Pale yellow-green liquid
40%
The polymers can also be used in most any industrial applications were classical
carboxymethly cellulose water soluble polymers are used. They share all the
benefits of classical CMCs like rheology modification and control without the
drawback of slow dissolution and aggregation. Additional markets are:
Explosives manufacture
Ceramic glaze
Waterborne adhesives
Product
Viscosity
(mPa)
AquaVIS ETD MV
polymer
250-6001
AquaVIS ETD VHV

polymer
3300-45002
Appearance
Moisture
pH
Purity
Free flowing offwhite powder
8% maximum
6.0-8.0
Minimum 98%
AquaVIS ETD UHV Min 50002

polymer
1
2% Brookfield LV 25 C/30rpm
1% Brookfield LV 25 C/30rpm
43
Natrosol, Natrosol B
hydroxyethyl cellulose
Natrosol hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC), a nonionic, water-soluble polymer is a white,

free-flowing granular powder. Solutions of Natrosol HEC are pseudoplastic or
shear-thinning. Natrosol HEC is easily dissolved in cold or hot water to give crystal
clear solutions of varying viscosities. Furthermore, low to medium molecular
weight types are fully soluble in glycerol and have good solubility in hydroalcoholic systems containing up to 60 percent ethanol. Natrosol HEC is generally
insoluble in organic solvents.
44
APPLICATIONS
Markets
Applications
Product Types or Functions
Building and
Construction
External Insulation and Finishing

Systems (EIFS), Joint Compound, Spray
Textures, Tile Adhesives, Caulks and
Sealants, Welding Rods
Bond Strengthener, Lubricity and

Workability Enhancer, Rheology
Modifier, Stabilizer, Suspension Agent,
Suspension Agent and Stabilizer
Commercial and
Institutional
Fiberglass, Industrial Cleaners
Formation Aid, Rheology Controller,

Thickener
Energy
Cement Slurries, Completion/Workover

Fluids
Cement Extender, Filtration Control

Additive, Rheology Modifier
Adhesives and
Sealants
Wallpaper adhesives
Latex adhesives
Plywood adhesive
Thickening and lubricity

Thickening and water-binding
Thickening and solids holdout
Advanced
Ceramics
Advanced Ceramics
Suspension Agent
Ceramics, Pottery
and Porcelain
Traditional Ceramics
Suspension Agent
Paint and
Coatings
Emulsion Polymerization, Waterborne

Architectural Coatings
Protective Colloid, Surface Activity,

Rheology Modifier
Building and
Construction
External Insulation and Finishing

Systems (EIFS), Joint Compound, Spray
Textures, Tile Adhesives, Caulks and
Sealants, Welding Rods
Bond Strengthener, Lubricity and

Workability Enhancer, Rheology
Modifier, Stabilizer, Suspension Agent,
Suspension Agent and Stabilizer
Commercial and
Institutional
Fiberglass, Industrial Cleaners
Formation Aid, Rheology Controller,

Thickener
Energy / Civil
Engineering
Hydraulic Cements
Cement Slurries, Completion/Workover
Fluids
Cement Extender, Filtration Control

Additive, Rheology Modifier
Natrosol HEC, Natrosol B HEC (continued)

VISCOSITY SPECIFICATION OF NATROSOL mPas AT 25 C
Viscosity measured at a concentration of
Brookfield LVF setting
Molecular
Weight1
B-types**
Non-B
Non-R
1%
2%
5%
Spindle
RPM
HHBR
HHR
HH
3.400-5.000
30
1.3 x 106
H4BR
H4R
2.600-3.300
30
1.1 x 106
HBR
HR
1.500-2.500
30
1.0 x 106
MHBR
MHR
1.000-1.500
30
MBR
MR
4.500-6.500
60
7.2 x 105
KR
1.500-2.500
30
GR
250-450
60
3.0 x 105
JR
250-400
60
25-105
150-400
LR
100-180
30
9.0x 104
** B-biostable grade
1
molecular weight is estimated or calculated from intrinsic viscosity measurements
CHEMISTRY
The Natrosol HEC polymer is a hydroxyethyl ether of cellulose. The structure
of the cellulose molecule shows its chain composed of anhydroglucose units.
By treating cellulose with sodium hydroxide and reacting with ethylene oxide,
hydroxyethyl groups are introduced to yield a hydroxyethyl ether. B grades are
more biostable with enhanced resistance to enzymatic degradation due to their
substitution pattern.
45
Aqualon EC
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
ethyl cellulose
Ethoxyl Grade(b) and Ethoxyl Percent

Viscosity(a) Types
Aqualon ethylcellulose (EC) is a cellulose ether distinguished by its versatility.

As a unique product with wide-ranging solvent solubility and film flexibility at
low temperatures, ethylcellulose is frequently used in electronics in addition to
a variety of other applications. EC provides high solution clarity, good thermal
stability, even burnout and has very low decomposition temperatures.
Aqualon EC is a key binder for gravure printing inks as well as a thickening binder
in flexographic and screen printing inks. In these applications, Aqualon EC
polymers provide scuff resistance, adhesion, fast solvent release, film formation
and outstanding rheology control.
Aqualon EC is soluble in a wide range of organic solvents, but is not
water-soluble.
APPLICATIONS
46
Markets
Applications
Product Types or Functions
Electronics
Solar Cells
Plasma Display Panel
Binder, Film Former, Rheology

Modifier, Thickener
Packaging, Converting
and Printing
Inks
Binder, Film Former, Rheology

Modifier, Thickener
N-Grade
T-Grade
X-Grade
Designation
Limits (cps)
48.0-49.5%
49.6-51.5%
50.5-53.8%
3.0-5.5
5.6-8.0
10
8.0-11
14
12-16
22
18-24
X(c)
50
40-52
100
80-105
200
150-250
300
250-350
(a)
5% solution at 25 C. Viscosity is determined in 80:20 toluene:ethanol

by weight on oven dried EC sample
(b)
types produced are designated X
(c)
Viscosity is 18-35 cps
CHEMISTRY
Ethylcellulose is a cellulose ether made by the reaction of ethyl chloride with
alkali cellulose, as expressed by the reaction: RONa + C2H5CI ROC2H5 +
NaCI, where R represents the cellulose moiety. The structure for the cellulose
molecule is a chain of anhydroglucose units joined together by acetal linkages.
This is indicated in above. These long, oxygen-linked anhydroglucose-unit
chains have great strength, which is passed on to cellulose derivatives such as
ethylcellulose. The properties of flexibility and toughness in these derivatives are
directly attributable to this long-chain structure. The commercial product, has
a substitution value between 2.25 and 2.60 ethoxyl groups per anhydroglucose
unit, or 44-52 percent ethoxyl content.
Klucel HPC
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Concentration in Water
Brookfield Viscosity
(25C, LVF, Moisture Free)
hydroxypropyl cellulose
1 wt%
2 wt%
5 wt%
10 wt%
Mw
Grade
Klucel hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) is a nonionic water soluble cellulose ether

with unique combination of properties, soluble in cold water and polar organic
solvents, surface active, forms films of exceptional flexibility without addition of
plasticizers and is a thermoplastic polymer which can be extruded or injection
molded.
APPLICATIONS
Markets
Applications
Printing & Inks
Lithography alcohol replacement, water & solvent inks thickener
Suspension Polymerization
PVC secondary protective colloid, controls porosity
Injection Molding
Formation of intricate parts, binder for filler or active material
Ceramics
Processing aid, water retention, green body strength
Tobacco
Binder, film former, processing aid for reconstituted tobacco,
Paint Removers
Thickener, retard solvent loss, cling on vertical surface
Adhesives
Solvent based systems or hot melts
Encapsulation
Stabilizer, wall forming polymer
1,275 - 3,500
1,150,000
3500 - 7500
850,000
125 - 400
370,000
125 - 450
140,000
65 - 175
95,000
250 - 800
80,000
CHEMISTRY
Hydroxypropylcellulose is manufactured by reacting alkali cellulose with
propylene oxide at elevated temperatures and pressures. The propylene oxide
can be substituted on the cellulose through an ether linkage at the three reactive
hydroxyls present on each anhydroglucose monomer unit of the cellulose chain.
Published information suggests that etherification takes place in such a way that
hydroxypropyl substituent groups contain almost entirely secondary hydroxyls.
The secondary hydroxyl present in a side chain is available for further reaction with
the oxide, and chaining out may take place. This results in formation of side chains
containing more than one mole of combined propylene oxide.
47
Culminal, Benecel
methyl cellulose and its derivatives
CHEMISTRY
Methylcellulose and its derivatives are made by reacting alkali-cellulose with methyl chloride (resulting in methylcellulose, MC) and ethylene oxide (resulting in Methyl
Hydroxyethyl Cellulose, MHEC) or propylene oxide (resulting in Methyl Hydroxypropyl Cellulose, MHPC) under rigidly controlled conditions.
The resultant nonionic polymers are purified, dried and ground to a fine
white powder, which is readily soluble in cold water. Tradenames are Culminal
(technical) and Benecel (purified).
48
Methyl Cellulose
FEATURES
Water Retention
APPLICATION PROPERTIES
- Higher viscosities have better water binding properties
Cold water solubility
Thermogelling temperature
Solubility in organic solvents (special substitution)
- Higher methoxyl substitution leads to a lower thermogelling temperature
Water retention
Adhesive power
Rheology control/thickening/stabilizing effect
- Lower viscosities giver better adhesion than higher viscosities
Thermogelling
- Lower substitution level types give more adhesion
Binding
Quality of solution
Protective colloid/suspension/emulsion effect
- Higher substitution leads to clearer solutions
Adhesive power
Gel strength
Film formation
- Higher methoxyl substitution causes a higher thermogel strength
Controlled release properties
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Active content on dry basis:
min 98%
Moisture content:
Culminal max 8%
Benecel max. 5%
Sodium Chloride content:
Culminal max 1.5%
Benecel max. 0.8%
Bulk Density:
Culminal 200-550 g/l
Benecel 200-600 g/l
Coarse
max. 1% on 0.8mm & 55-90% on 0.2mm/

LaserDv50: 250min.-450max.
P1-Type
3-10% on 0.2mm / LaserDv90:

255min.-330max.
P-Type
1-8% on 0.2mm / LaserDv90:

255min.-330max.
PF-Type
max. 8% on 0.125mm / LaserDv90: 170min.250max.
PFF-Type
max. 40% on 0.063mm / LaserDv90: 170min.250max.
retarded dissolving version for easy solution

make-up
49
Culminal, Benecel methylcellulose
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Type
Spec Average
Viscosity
Brookfield RVT
(mPas) @20oC
OCH3
20% <=> 30%
POOH
2% <=> 12%
Benecel E3
high
high
Benecel E5
high
high
Benecel E6
high
high
Benecel E15
15
high
high
Culminal MHPC 15 S
15
high
high
Designed for use as water retention aids, thickening and film-forming agents,
protective colloids, suspending and emulsifying agent.
Benecel E50
50
high
high
Benecel F50
50
high
medium
Thermogelling properties (Temperature lower than MHPC and MHEC)
Benecel F50 PFF
50
high
medium
Culminal MHPC 50
50
high
medium
Benecel K100LV
100
low
high
Benecel K99 C
100
low
high
Culminal MHPC 100
100
low
medium
Culminal MHPC 400 R
450
high
low
Benecel F450
500
high
medium
Culminal MHPC 500 PF
500
high
low
Benecel F4M C
4000
high
medium
Benecel K4M
4000
low
high
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Type
Spec Average Viscosity

Brookfield RVT (mPas)
OCH3
20% <=> 30%
Benecel A15
15
high
Benecel A15C
1600
high
Benecel A40M
18500
high
Benecel A4C
450
high
Benecel A4M
4000
high
Culminal MHPC 3000 P1R
4000
high
low
Culminal MC 2000 S
2500
very high
Culminal MHPC 843
4000
medium
high
Culminal MC 3000 P
4000
medium
Benecel E4M
4100
high
high
Culminal MC 7000 PF
8000
medium
Benecel E10M
6700
high
high
Culminal MHPC 6000 PF
7000
high
low
Culminal MHPC 6000 R
7500
high
low
Benecel K15M
10000
low
high
Culminal MHPC 20000 S
15000
very high
low
Culminal MHPC 724
18500
high
medium
Culminal, Benecel
methylhydroxypropylcellulose (MHPC)
Designed for use as adhesives, binders, extrusion aids, plasticizers, protective

colloids, rheology modifiers, stabilization agents, thickeners and water-retention
agents.
Benecel K35M
19000
low
high
Culminal MHPC 20000 P
24000
high
low
Culminal MHPC 20000 PFR
24000
high
low
Culminal MHPC 20000 PR
24000
high
low
24000
high
low
Benecel K100M
30000
low
high
Culminal MHPC 1034
30000
low
high
30000
low
high
Benecel K200M
60000
low
high
Thermogelling properties depending on the substitution pattern
50
Culminal
methylhydroxyethylcellulose (MHEC)
APPLICATIONS AND RELATED FUNCTIONS OF METHYL CELLULOSE

AND ITS DERIVATIVES
Designed for use as adhesives, binders, extrusion aids, plasticizers,

protective colloids, rheology modifiers, stabilization agents, thickeners
and water-retention agents.
Thermogelling properties depending on the substitution pattern (higher
than MHPCs)
Culminal MHEC 3000 PFSM
Adhesive, Binder, Film Former
AgChem
Rheology Modifier, Stabilization Agent, Film Former
Emulsions
Rheology Modifier, Stabilization Agent
Ceramics
Extrusion Aid, Binder, Rheology Modifier,

Stabilization Agent
Metal Processing
Mineral Slurries
Mining
Paint Removers
Rheology Controller, Thickener, Film Former
Paper Coatings
Rheology Modifier, Stabilization Agent, Film Former
Pulp & Paper
Suspension Polymerization Protective Colloid, Rheology Modifier,

Stabilization Agent
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Type
Adhesives
Spec Average Viscosity

Brookfield RVT (mPas)
@20oC
OCH3
20% <=> 30%
EOOH
1% <=> 10%
3000
low
low
Benecel ME 233 P
4700
low
low
Combizell DE 6000 R
7000
high
low
Culminal MHEC 6000 PFS
7000
low
high
Culminal MHEC 6000 PR
7000
high
low
Culminal MHEC 8000
10000
low
high
Culminal MHEC 15000 PFF
20000
low
high
Culminal MHEC 15000 PFR
20000
low
high
Culminal MHEC 15000 PFS
20000
low
high
Combizell DE 25000 P 0 5 R
30000
low
high
Culminal MHEC 25000 PFF
30000
low
high
Culminal MHEC 35000 P1R
40000
low
high
Culminal C4053
45000
high
high
Culminal MHEC 40000 P1
45000
low
high
Culminal MHEC 40000 PF
45000
low
high
Culminal C4051
75000
high
high
Tobacco
Adhesive, Binder, Rheology Modifier, Stabilization Agent
51
Galactasol guar
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Guar is a nonionic hydrocolloidal. It is not affected by ionic strength or pH, but will
degrade at pH extremes at temperature (e.g. pH 3 at 50C). It remains stable in
solution over pH range 5-7. Strong acids cause hydrolysis and loss of viscosity, and
alkalies in strong concentration also tend to reduce viscosity. It is insoluble in most
hydrocarbon solvents. Guar gum shows high low-shear viscosity but is strongly
shear-thinning. It is very thixotropic above 1% concentration, but below 0.3%, the
thixotropy is slight.
Product Name
Grade
Viscosity
Hydration Rate
Comments
Galactasol
20H1M
1200 cps @ 1%
Moderate
Mix to disperse
Galactasol
20H2M
2000 cps @ 1%
Moderate
Mix to disperse
Galactasol
20H3C
3500 cps @ 1%
Slow
Coarse Type
Galactasol
20H4M
5000 cps @ 1%
Moderate
Mix to disperse
Galactasol
20H4F
4000 cps @ 1%
Fast Mix
Mix to disperse
Galactasol
20H5F1
5000 cps @ 1%
Fast
Mix to disperse
Galactasol
20H5FD
5000 cps @ 1%
Fast < pH 6
Dispersible type
Viscosity measured after 2 hours at 25C on a Brookfield RVT viscometer at 20 rpm.
CHEMISTRY
Guar gum is a polysaccharide composed of the sugars, galactose and
mannose. The backbone is a linear chain of 1,4-linked mannose residues
to which galactose residues are 1,6-linked at every second mannose, forming
short side-branches.
APPLICATIONS
52
Textile
Used in printing and dyeing carpets
Paper
Used in the mfg of white & cardboard paper for dry

strength fiber retention and improving drainage
and yields
Fire Fighting
Used as a viscosifier in fire retardant solutions

dropped from airplanes to control the spread of
forest fires
Explosives
Used as a water blocking agent
Mining
Electrowinning (Copper Purification), Froth Flotation
AgChem
Hydro-mulching, Hydro-seeding, Drift Control
Specialty chemicals
Escalol UV filters
Emulsifiers, dispersants and lubricants
Ashland offers a number of UV absorbers for industrial applications under the

Escalol trademark. The three octyl-esters, Escalol 557, 587 and 597 UV absorbers,
are high-boiling, water-insoluble liquids, have strong and broad absorption in the
UV-B region between 290-320 nm and refractive indices in the range of 1.50-1.55.
The benzophenone derivatives, Escalol 567 and 577 UV absorber, are solids also
having absorbance in the UV-B region.
Ashland has a broad family of water insoluble esters and hydroxyesters sold
under the Ceraphyl and Cerasynt trademarks as lubricants, dispersants
and emulsifiers. These chemicals typically are surface active and find use in HI&I,
plastics, textile, photography, inks and coatings markets. A variety of esters are
available with a range of properties, including liquids and waxy solids. In addition,
amide and quaternary-ammonium salts are available.
A representative group of this product line is shown on the following page.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
**
Grade
Chemical Name
507
2-Ethylhexyl-pdimethylaminobenzoate
517
1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-3-(4-terbutylphenyl) propan-1,3-dione
557
2-Ethylhexyl-p methoxycinnamate
567
2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone
577
5-Benzoyl-4-hydroxy-2methoxybenzene sulfonic acid
587
2-Ethylhexyl salicylate
Bp 150C @ 3mm Hg
598
2-Ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3diphenylacrylate
Bp 218C @ 1.5mm Hg
HMS
Homosalate
S **
2,2-[6-(4-methoxyphenyl)1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl] bis
{5-[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]phenol}
Boiling or Melting Point

Bp 362C
Mp 81-86 C
Bp 198-200C
Mp 62C min.
Mp >120C
Mp 80C
53
Specialty chemicals
Product
Chemical Name
Applications
Product
Chemical Name
Applications
Ceraphyl 28
Hexadecyl lactate
Tissue paper lotion

Printing plate protection
Ceraphyl ODS
Octyldodecyl stearate
Polycarbonate mold
release agent
Ceraphyl 31
Lauryl lactate
Tissue paper lotion
Ceraphyl RMT
Castor oil monomaleate
Ceraphyl 41
C12 - C15 Alkyl lactate
Plasticizing effects
Ceraphyl SLK
Isodecyl neopentanoate
Ceraphyl 45
Bis (2-ethylhexyl) malate
Dispersant aid for

electroluminescent devices
Cerasynt 945
Glyceryl stearate and

polyoxyethylene lauryl ether
Inkjet inks, pigment dispersion
Ceraphyl 50
Tetradecyl lactate
Viscosity regulator in
laundry detergents
Cerasynt IP
2-Hydroxyethyl stearate and

ethylene glycol
Opacifier and pearlizing agent
Ceraphyl 55
Tridecyl neopentanoate
Cerasynt M
2-Hydroxyethyl stearate
Pearlizing agent
Liquid detergent compositions
Cerasynt PA
Propylene glycol monostearate
Hard surface cleaners

Asphalt microdispersions
Circuit board defluxing
detergents
Cerasynt SD
Glyceryl stearate
Emulsynt 1055
Polyglyceryl-4-oleate
Emulsifier
Emulsynt GDL
Glyceryl Dilaurate
Emulsifier
Ceraphyl 140
Decyl oleate
Ceraphyl 140A
Isodecyl oleate
Diisopropyl adipate
Plasticizing effects
Lubricant
Erasable markers
Mold release agent
Inkjet inks
Ceraphyl 368 M
2-Ethylhexyl palmitate
Circuit board cleaning

Pigment dispersment inkjet inks
Tissue paper lotion
Lubricant
Ceraphyl 375
Isostearyl neopentanoate
Pigment dispersion
Ceraphyl 424
Tetradecyl tetradecanoate
Hard surface cleaner

Dispersant in magnetic
recording media
Ceraphyl 494
Isocetyl stearate
Ceraphyl 791
Isocetyl stearoyl stearate
Pigment dispersions
Ceraphyl 847
Octyldodecyl stearoyl stearate
Pigment dispersions
Polycarbonate mold
release agent
Ceraphyl ICA
Isohexadecanol
Pigment dispersions
Mold release
Graffiti removal
Polyester finishing agent
Ceraphyl NGA
Maleated soybean oil
Ceraphyl 230
54
PVC plasticizer
Textile finishing surfactant
O/W emulsions
Specialty chemicals
Micropowder Iron
Iron Pentacarbonyl (IPC)
carbonyl iron powders (CIP)
(Fe(CO)5)
APPLICATIONS
APPLICATIONS
Carbonyl iron powder is manufactured by the chemical decomposition of iron

pentacarbonyl. The resulting iron particles are uniform gray microscopic spheres
with only traces of carbon, oxygen and nitrogen. Over 25 different grades of
iron powder are manufactured through this process and marketed under the
tradename Micropowder. Specific applications include:
Iron pentacarbonyl is an intermediate that has found utility in a variety

of applications. In the past, it has been used as a fuel antiknock agent, a
photochemical additive and an intermediate for many iron products. The most
important current applications are:
Radar absorbing materials (RAM).
Catalyst: for coal liquefaction, Fischer-Tropsch hydroformylation, olefin

isomerization and water gas shift reactions.
Precision electronic cores.
Precursor: for chemically pure iron, iron oxides, iron catalysts and thin iron films.
Electromagnetic interference shielding products (EMI/RF).
Desulfurization: removal of sulfur from coal and petroleum products.
Metal Injection molding (MIM).

High-performance powder metallurgy products.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Magnetic fluids.
Boiling point
103C
Halogen solvent waste remediation.
Melting point
-20C
Pharmaceutical iron supplement Ferronyl iron.
Specific gravity
1.453
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
CHEMISTRY
The fine size and high purity of the carbonyl iron powders are the principal
reasons for their superior properties compared to other forms of elemental iron
powders. Distinct characteristics of the Micropowder Iron products include:
Iron pentacarbonyl is a specialty chemical that is produced as an intermediate

during the manufacture of carbonyl iron powders. It is produced from a
high-pressure reaction between high grade iron and carbon monoxide. This
organometallic compound exists as a liquid at room temperature. It may
ignite spontaneously in air and is decomposed by heat to metallic iron and
carbon monoxide. In air it decomposes to iron oxides, and in sunlight to iron
nonacarbonyl. While Fe(CO)5 is highly reactive, it is stable in dark storage under
nitrogen. It is soluble in common organic solvents such as acetone or toluene and
insoluble in water or liquid ammonia. It is unreactive with most acids.
Very fine spherical size.

Submicron to 10-micron particle diameter.
High purity with up to 99.5% iron content.
Unique onionskin structure with cubic crystalline lattice.
Superior electromagnetic properties.
Uniform particle size distribution.
CHEMISTRY
In terms of fundamental properties there are two product families, the S grades
and R grades. The S grades are standard iron grades with a purity level of
approximately 97.5%. The impurity is comprised of carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen
and is the cause of the iron particles unique onionskin structure. R grades are
higher purity iron grades with an average purity of 99.5%. Through a hydrogen
reduction process most of the residual carbon and nitrogen have been removed
from the iron particle producing a higher purity iron grade which is lower in
durometer hardness and lacking the unique onionskin structure.
55
Specialty chemicals
Drewplus defoamers
Base Carrier
Ashlands foam control agents are economical to use and versatile. They
have been developed for use in a variety of water-based industrial applications
to provide superior antifoam performance activity and compatibility. They are
readily dispersible, provide excellent long-term foam control persistency, highly
effective on entrained, surface macro-foam and micro-foam, and offered in a wide
range of chemistries (silica, silicone, organophically modified silicones, mineral oil,
wax, etc.).
Base Carrier
Drewplus/
Advantage
reference
Description
L-475
Silica/Mineral Oil
Graphic Art: Pigment dispersion

Oil Well cementing
L-477K
Silica/Mineral Oil
Kocher Printing Ink
Y-381
Wax/Mineral Oil
Inks and Latex Systems
L-464
Silica/Wax/Mineral Oil
Inks and Latex Systems
AM-1512
TW-4503
Mineral based
Oil Technology
56
Applications
Hydrophobic silica in mineral

oil (9% active)
PSA Adhesives,
Oil Well Cementing,
Fracturing
Silica/Wax/Mineral Oil
Fracturing S-PVC,
Acrylic emulsion,
Industrial Inks
Mineral based
Oil Technology
Continued
Boosted
Mineral
Oil based
Technology
Drewplus/
Advantage
reference
Description
Applications
210-951
(smokeless winter
version of L-493)
Silica in mineral oil +

Compatibilizer
Industrial Inks
L-1311
Oil Based extended
Coating Inks, Adhesives,

Can be used in High Gloss
systems
L-131

Compatibilizer
Pressure Sensitive Adhesives

PVA emulsions
Acrylic emulsions
L-198

Compatibilizer
Acrylic emulsions,
PSA Adhesives
L-768
Silicone/Silica
+Compatibilizer
Metal working fluids
T-4507
Silica/Mineral Oil
(Aggressive version)
Adhesives and Coatings,

Acrylic PVA SBR
T-4304
Aggressive Silica/Mineral
Oil (Self-Emulsifying
Spreads Quickly throughout
coatings)
Adhesives and Coatings,

Acrylic PVA SBR,
Easy to incorporate
TS-4400
Silica/Silicone/Mineral Oil
Industrial Process,
Paints wastewater
W-4300
Wax/Mineral Oil (Aggressive)

+ Compatibilizer - Patented
Formulation Replaces MO
AND Silicone Technologies
All in one defoamer for let

down and grind in, paints,
Industrial process and
wastewater
W-4502
Aggressive Wax in Mineral Oil
Paint Ink Adhesives
AV-1425
Hydrophobic silica in
Vegetable oil
Industrial coatings,
Metal working fluids,
Adhesives
L-418
Silicone/Silica
+Compatibilizer
Graphic Art: Pigment

dispersion
Gravure Art: Screen Printing
Inks
Silicone/Silica
+Compatibilizer (Excellent
Grind / Pigment Dispersion
FCA)

dispersion
Inks
T-1201

Compatibilizer
Adhesives, PSA, SBR,

Acrylic Emulsions
T-1202

Compatibilizer
EP,Adhesives, SBR, PVP,

PVA, Acrylic
L-140 (T-1212)

Compatibilizer
EPA, Adhesives, Inks, Industrial

Coatings
T-2200

Compatibilizer
E.C., EP, Emulsions
T-3200

Compatibilizer
EP, Adhesives, I.C.
T-3211

Compatibilizer and Fatty
Acid (different grade of MO)
Adhesives, PSA
L-419
T-4200

Compatibilizer
Adhesives EP, Emulsions,

SBR, PVA
L-405
Silicone/Silicone Copolymer
L-108 (T-4201)

Compatibilizer
S-PVC,
Pressure Sensitive Adhesives,
Acrylic emulsion
Gravure Art: Flexographic

Inks, High Gloss Alkyds Epoxy
systems
L-405 LV
Low VOC version of L-405
T-4201

Compatibilizer
S-PVC, EP Emulsions

Inks,
High Gloss Alkyds Epoxy
systems
T-4202

Compatibilizer and Fatty Acid
Emulsions EP
FG-710
10% emulsion of PDMS in

water (Food Grade)
Animal feed, Food Application

Compatibilizer
Natural and Synthetic,

Adhesives,
Cutting Oils (Metal Working)
FG-720
20% emulsion of PDMS in

water (Food Grade)
Animal feed, Food Application
Y-250
TS-4385
EP, Coatings, Inks, Adhesives

(PSA), Polyvinyl Acetate Systems
Silca/Silicone/Silicone
Copolymer (Work Horse)
T-4303

Compatibilizer and Fatty
Acid

Inks, Anticorrosive primers
wood and reducible Alkyd
L-493 (T-4310)

Compatibilizer
Industrial Inks
Silica/Bi
Graphic Art: Pigment,

dispersion,
Inks,
Inks
Vegetable
Oil based
Technology
Traditional
Silicones
(Straight
PDMS) based
Technology
TS-4387
Specialty chemicals
Base Carrier
Quick Bubble
Break (OM
Polysiloxane)
based
Technology
Drewplus/
Advantage
reference
Description
S-4288
Polysiloxane emulsion
High gloss paints, Inks,

Airless sprayable systems
S-4287
High gloss paints, Inks,

Airless sprayable systems
S-4386
Aggressive emulsion

dispersion
Gravure Art: Flexographic Inks
210-796
Polysiloxanes
Pigment dispersion, Ink

overprint varnish
210-852
Silica Polysiloxane
Pigment dispersion,
Ink overprint varnish,
Pigment paste
S-4273
Gravure Art: Flexographic Inks,

Pigment dispersion
TS-4481
Hydrophobic silica/
Polysiloxane

dispersion,
Inks
Silica/Polysiloxane Emulsion
Overprint varnish,
Pigmented Inks
Polysiloxane + Silica

dispersion,
Inks, Oil well cementing,
Fracturing
210-862
Polysiloxane + Silica

dispersion,
Inks, Oil well cementing,
Fracturing
210-886
Polysiloxane Emulsion
Inks, Flexo/Screen printing,

Pigment dispersion
Ressoo (Powder)
Free-flowing white powder
210-859
210-871
S-4374
Dissolution
Technology
Powder
Defoamers
S-4480
Applications
pHLEX
neutralizing additive
210-872
210-873
RE 5500
Oil well cementing,

Civil Engineering,
Grout,
Mortar,
Cement
pHLEX neutralizing additive is a proprietary organoamine blend that raises pH and

provides buffering effects to waterborne paints and coatings. It is designed as a
functional drop-in replacement that is an economic alternative to other common
amine-based neutralizers, but also offers a low-odor stabilizing alternative to
ammonia, NaOH and other common bases.
pHLEX neutralizing additive also offers reduced VOC compared to other
organoamine neutralizers and lower odor levels for in-plant handling benefits.
PRODUCT BENEFITS
Effective pH neutralizer
Provides pH stability over time
Inhibits in-can corrosion
Helps prevent flash rusting
Lower odor product for handling and manufacturing
Can reduce odor of waterborne paints
Can reduce demand of anionic dispersant
Product
Appearance
Viscosity
(cps or mPas)
Specific gravity
@25 C
pH (1.0 wt %
solution)
pHLEX 100
neutralizing agent
Clear to light
yellow liquid
~15
1.052
11-11.5
pHLEX 110
neutralizing agent
Clear to light
yellow liquid
~15
1.055
11-11.5
pHLEX 400
neutralizing agent
Clear to light
yellow liquid
~15
1.052
11-11.5
pHLEX 410
neutralizing agent
Clear to light
yellow liquid
~15
1.055
11-11.5
57
If a product is made with water or comes in contact with it, Ashlands biocides and
preservatives can help protect it against bacteria, fungus and algae. Our offerings
can preserve beauty, enhance performance, extend product life and protect user
safety. Ashlands biocides and preservatives are marketed under trusted brands
such as Nuosept, Fungitrol, Bodoxin, Bacillat, Bakzid, Ebotec and Cinon.
Name
They are suitable for use in numerous industrial application such as inks, mineral
slurries, textiles solutions, metal working fluids, lattices and plastics, to name a
few. Please contact your Ashland sales representative for more specific product
and use level recommendations for your application.
Chemistry
Activity (%)
Approval
EUROPE
58
Bodoxin biocide
EDDM/CMIT/MIT
51.1
Yes
Bodoxin AO biocide
EDDM/OIT
93.4
Yes
Bodoxin TG biocide
EDDM/BIT
42.6
Yes
Bodoxin TX biocide
EDDM/CMIT/MIT
20.3
Yes
Cinon OI biocide
IPBC/OIT
8.0
Yes
Ebotec MB biocide
CMIT/MIT/Bronopol
7.6
Yes
Ebotec MB150 biocide
CMIT/MIT/Bronopol
15.5
Yes
USA
CANADA
Fungitrol 1075 fungicide
N-Cyclopropyl-N'-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-6-(methylthio)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine
50
Fungitrol 10W fungicide
OIT/Carbendazim/Diuron
33.7
Yes
Yes
Folpet
95.9
Yes
Yes
Yes
Fungitrol 11-50S fungicide
Folpet
50
Yes
Yes
Fungitrol 11E fungicide
Folpet
95.9
Yes
Fungitrol 11P fungicide
Folpet
95.9
Fungitrol 400 E-Z Flow fungicide
IPBC
95
Yes
Yes
Yes
Fungitrol 400G fungicide
IPBC
99.5
Yes
Yes
Fungitrol 400P fungicide
IPBC
99.50
Yes
Fungitrol 400PVC fungicide
IPBC
98
Yes
Fungitrol 400S fungicide
IPBC
99.5
Yes
Fungitrol 400SE fungicide
IPBC
99.50
Yes
Yes
Fungitrol 404-DS fungicide
Chlorothanil
40.4
Yes
Yes
Fungitrol 420MC fungicide
IPBC
20
IPBC
20
Yes
Yes
IPBC
30
Yes
Yes
IPBC
40
IPBC
40
IPBC
20
IPBC
20
IPBC
20
IPBC
20
IPBC
30
Fungitrol 940 CR fungicide
IPBC
40
IPBC
40
Fungitrol 940 G fungicide
IPBC
40
IPBC
40
Chlorothanil
Fungitrol L30 DPG fungicide

Fungitrol OTZ 4 fungicide
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
98
Yes
Yes
IPBC
30
Yes
Yes
OIT/Terbutryn/ZnPt
18.9
Yes
Yes
Yes
Name
Chemistry
Activity (%)
Approval
EUROPE
USA
CANADA
Fungitrol TL2 fungicide
DDMAC/BAC/OIT
28.3
Yes
Fungitrol TL3 fungicide
DDMAC/BAC/OIT
28.3
Yes
Fungitrol TOP fungicide
Terbutryn/OIT/Propiconazol
27.9
Yes
Fungitrol ZO 3 fungicide
ZnPt/OIT
13.3
Yes
Integra 44/Nuosept 44 preservative
Sodium Hydroxymethyl Glycinate
50
Yes
Yes
Nuosept 497G preservative
BIT
19
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Nuosept 498G preservative
BIT
19
Nuosept 515N preservative
CMIT/MIT
1.5
Nuosept 515R preservative
CMIT/MIT
1.11 / 0.39
Yes
Nuosept 515R CA preservative
CMIT/MIT
1.11 / 0.39
Yes
Nuosept 91 preservative
78% Hexahydro-1,3,5-tris-(2-hydroxyethyl)-s-triazine
78
Yes
Nuosept 95 preservative
Bicyclic-oxazolidines
50
Yes
Yes
Nuosept B50 SM preservative
EDDM/CMIT/MIT
26.5
Yes
Nuosept BB510D preservative
BIT/Bronopol
15
Yes
Nuosept BIC preservative
BIT/IPBC/CMIT/MIT
17.8
Yes
Nuosept BM11 preservative
BIT/MIT
Yes
Nuosept BM22 preservative
BIT/MIT
10
Yes
Nuosept BMc 422 preservative
BIT/MIT/CMIT
10 /5.05 / 0.15
Yes
Nuosept BTI preservative
BIT/IPBC
11
Yes
Nuosept LX preservative
EDDM/CMIT/MIT
14.4
Yes
Nuosept W preservative
Bronopol / CMIT /MIT
7 / 0.75 / 0.26
Nuosept W preservative concentrate
Bronopol /CMIT /MIT
14 / 1.5 / 0.5
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Contact Ashland Product Stewardship for specific approval by application and EU member state
Key
Description
BIT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.2-Benzisothiazolin-3-one
Bronopol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol
Chlorothanil . . . . . . . . . . . .Tetrachloroisophthalonitrile
CMIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-Chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one
EDDM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(Ethylenedioxy)dimethanol
Folpet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .N-(Trichloromethylthio)phthalimide
IPBC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-Iodo-2-Propynyl Butylcarbamate
MIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one
OIT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one
Sodium Glycinate . . . . . . .Sodium Hydroxymethyl Glycinate
ZnPt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Zinc Pyrithione
Terbutryn . . . . . . . . . . . . . .N-tert-butyl-N-ethyl-6-methylthio-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine
Propiconazole . . . . . . . . . .Propiconazole
DDMAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Didecyldimethylammonium chloride
BAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Benzalkonium chloride
Carbendazim
Diuron
59
Intermediates, Solvents and Surfactants, Vinyl Monomers
The following table is a cross-reference of the products cited throughout the text and their uses in a wide variety of industrial applications.
Adhesives
Advanced Ceramics
Batteries
Cables
Ceramics
Civil Engineering
Electronics
Emulsions
Explosives
Inks & Printing
Membranes
Metal Processing
Mineral Slurries
Mining
Paint Removers
Paper Coatings
Plastics
Pulp & Paper
Refinery Additives
Rubber
Specialty Coatings
Textiles and Leather
Tissues and Towels
Tobacco
Weldings
Woodcare
60
HEP
solvent
NEP
solvent
M-Pyrol
solvent
2-Pyrol
solvent
BLO solvent
THF solvent
Butanediol
intermediate
Butenediol
intermediate
Butynediol
intermediate
Propargyl
Alcohol
Intermediates, Solvents and Surfactants

V-Cap vinyl
caprolactam
V-Pyrol vinyl
pyrrolidone
Strodex
phosphate
ester
surfactants
Dextrol
phosphate
ester
surfactants
Microflex
microemulsifier
ranges
Easy-Wet 20
wetting agent
Surfadone
wetting
agents
PartsReady
degreaser
FoamFlush
urethane
remover
ShipShape
resin cleaner
CHP
solvent
Vinyl Monomers
61
Performance Polymers
Adhesives
Advanced Ceramics
Batteries
Cables
Ceramics
Civil Engineering
Electronics
Emulsions
Explosives
Inks & Printing
Membranes
Metal Processing
Mineral Slurries
Mining
Paint Removers
Paper Coatings
Plastics
Pulp & Paper
Refinery Additives
Rubber
Specialty Coatings
Tissues and Towels
Tobacco
Weldings
Woodcare
62
Aquastyle
tetrapolymer
Aquaflex
copolymer
Gaffix
copolymer
UltraThix
crosspolymer
Acrylidone
Setleze
copolymers
Styleze
copolymers
Gafquat
polymers
Polectron
(Antara)
polymer
PVP/VA
polymers
Antaron
(Ganex)
polymers
Disintex
disintegrants
ViviPrint
polymers
PVP polymers

Galactasol
guar
Benecel
Culminal
methylcellulose
derivatives
Klucel
hydroxypropyl
cellulose
Aqualon
ethyl cellulose
Natrosol
hydroxyethylcellulose
AquaVIS
polymers
Bondwell,
Blanose,
Aqualon
carboxymethyl
cellulose
Rapifloc
acrylates
Jaypol
acrylates
I-Rez
copolymer
EasySperse
polymeric
dispersant
ranges
Gantrez
copolymers
Aquaflow
rheology
modifiers
RheoThix
thickening
agent
Sorez
copolymers
Chromabond
polymers
63
Specialty Chemicals, Biocides
Adhesives
Advanced Ceramics
AgChem
Batteries
Cables
Ceramics
Civil Engineering
Electronics
Emulsions
Explosives
Inks & Printing
Membranes
Metal processing
Mineral Slurries
Mining
Paint Removers
Paper Coatings
Plastics
Pulp & Paper
Refinery Additives
Rubber
Specialty Coatings
Tissues and Towels
Tobacco
Weldings
Woodcare
64
Iron
Pentacarbonyl
Micropowder
Iron
Cerasynt
emulsifiers
Ceraphyl
emulsifiers
Escalol UV
filters
pHLEX
neutralizing
agents

Nuosept
biocides
Fungitrol
biocides
Ebotec
biocides
Cinon
biocides
Bodoxin
biocides
Drewplus
defoamers
Biocides
65
The following table is a cross-reference of the products cited throughout the text and their fundamental functional property (ies).
Adhesive
Anti-Agglomerant
Anti-Soil Redeposition
Anti-Static
Binder
Bio-adhesive
Catalyst
Chemical Intermediate
Cohesive
Complexes
Corrosion Inhibitor
Cross-linker
Crystal Inhibitor
Defoamer
Detergent
Disintegrant
Dispersant
Dye Fixative
Dye Transfer Inhibitor
Electrical Conductor
Electrical Resistor
EMI Protector
Emulsifier
Encapsulation
Film Former
Flexible Film Former
Flocculant
66
HEP solvents
NEP solvents
M-Pyrol
solvents
2-Pyrol
solvents
BLO solvents
THF solvents
Butanediol
intermediates
Butenediol
intermediates
Butynediol
intermediates
Propargyl
Alcohol

V-Cap vinyl
caprolactam
V-Pyrol vinyl
pyrrolidone
Strodex
phosphate ester
surfactants
Dextrol
phosphate ester
surfactants
Microflex
microemulsifier
ranges
Easy-Wet 20
wetting agents
Surfadone
wetting agents
PartsReady
degreasers
FoamFlush
urethane
removers
ShipShape
resin cleaner
CHP solvents
Vinyl Monomers
67
Flow Controller
Fluid Loss Additive
Activity Inhibitor
Lubricant
Metal Sequestrant
Oil Solubility
Opacifier
Plasticizer
Preservative
Processing Aid
Release Agent
Rheology Modifier
Sizing Agent
Soil Release Agent
Solvent
Stabilizes
Substantitive
Surface Active
Suspending Agent
Tack Modifier
Thermoplastic
Thickener
UV Absorber
UV Protector
Water Resistor
Water-Holding
Wax Inhibitor
68
HEP solvents
NEP solvents
M-Pyrol
solvents
2-Pyrol
solvents
BLO solvents
THF solvents
Butanediol
intermediates
Butenediol
intermediates
Butynediol
intermediates
Propargyl
Alcohol

V-Cap vinyl
caprolactam
V-Pyrol vinyl
pyrrolidone
Strodex
phosphate ester
surfactants
Dextrol
phosphate ester
surfactants
Microflex
microemulsifier
ranges
Easy-Wet 20
wetting agents
Surfadone
wetting agents
PartsReady
degreasers
FoamFlush
urethane
removers
ShipShape
resin cleaner
CHP solvents
Vinyl Monomers
69
Adhesive
Anti-Agglomerant
Anti-Static
Binder
Bio-adhesive
Catalyst
Cohesive
Complexes
Corrosion Inhibitor
Cross-linker
Crystal Inhibitor
Defoamer
Detergent
Disintegrant
Dispersant
Dye Fixative
Electrical Resistor
EMI Protector
Emulsifier
Encapsulation
Film Former
Flocculant
70
Chromabond
polymers
Aquastyle
copolymers
Aquaflex
copolymers
Gaffix
copolymer
UltraThix
crosspolymer
Acrylidone
Styleze
copolymers
Gafquat
polymers
Polectron
(Antara)
polymers
PVP/VA
polymers
Antaron
(Ganex)
polymers
Disintex
disintegrants
ViviPrint
polymers
PVP polymers
71
Galactasol
guar
Benecel
methylcellulose
derivatives
Culminal
methylcellulose
derivatives
Klucel
hydroxypropyl
cellulose
Aqualon
ethyl cellulose
Natrosol
AquaVIS
polymers
Bondwell,
Blanose,
Aqualon
carboxymethyl
cellulose
Rapifloc
acrylates
Jaypol
acrylates
I-Rez
copolymer
EasySperse
polymeric
dispersant
ranges
Gantrez
copolymer
Aquaflow
rheology
modifiers
RheoThix
thickening
agents
Sorez
copolymers
Flow Controller
Fluid Loss Additive
Activity Inhibitor
Lubricant
Metal Sequestrant
Oil Solubility
Opacifier
Plasticizer
Preservative
Processing Aid
Release Agent
Rheology Modifier
Sizing Agent
Soil Release Agent
Solvent
Stabilizes
Substantitive
Surface Active
Suspending Agent
Tack Modifier
Thermoplastic
Thickener
UV Absorber
UV Protector
Water Resistor
Water-Holding
Wax Inhibitor
72
Chromabond
polymers
Aquastyle
copolymers
Aquaflex
tetrapolymers
Gaffix
copolymer
UltraThix
crosspolymer
Acrylidone
Styleze
copolymers
Gafquat
polymers
Polectron
(Antara)
polymer
PVP/VA
polymers
Antaron
(Ganex)
polymers
Disintex
disintegrants
ViviPrint
polymers
PVP polymers
73
Galactasol
guar
Benecel
methylcellulose
derivatives
Culminal
methylcellulose
derivatives
Klucel
hydroxypropyl
cellulose
Aqualon
ethyl cellulose
Natrosol
AquaVIS
polymers
Bondwell,
Blanose,
Aqualon
carboxymethyl
cellulose
Rapifloc
acrylates
Jaypol
acrylates
I-Rez
copolymer
EasySperse
polymeric
dispersant
ranges
Gantrez
copolymer
Aquaflow
rheology
modifiers
RheoThix
thickening
agents
Sorez
copolymers
Micropowder
Iron
Cerasynt
emulsifiers
Ceraphyl
emulsifiers
Escalol UV
filters
pHLEX
neutralizing
agents
Ambergum
water-soluble
polymers
Specialty Chemicals
Adhesive
Anti-Agglomerant
Anti-Static
Binder
Bio-adhesive
Catalyst
Cohesive
Complexes
Corrosion Inhibitor
Cross-linker
Crystal Inhibitor
Defoamer
Detergent
Disintegrant
Dispersant
Dye Fixative
Electrical Resistor
EMI Protector
Emulsifier
Encapsulation
Film Former
Flocculant
74

Nuosept
biocides
Fungitrol
biocides
Ebotec
biocides
Cinon
biocides
Bodoxin
biocides
Drewplus
defoamers
Iron
Pentacarbonyl
Biocides
75
Micropowder
Iron
Cerasynt
emulsifiers
Ceraphyl
emulsifiers
Escalol UV
filters
pHLEX
neutralizing
agents
Ambergum
water-soluble
polymers
Specialty Chemicals
Flow Controller
Fluid Loss Additive
Activity Inhibitor
Lubricant
Metal Sequestrant
Oil Solubility
Opacifier
Plasticizer
Preservative
Processing Aid
Release Agent
Rheology Modifier
Sizing Agent
Soil Release Agent
Solvent
Stabilizes
Substantitive
Surface Active
Suspending Agen
Tack Modifier
Thermoplastic
Thickener
UV Absorber
UV Protector
Water Resistor
Water-Holding
Wax Inhibitor
76

Nuosept
biocides
Fungitrol
biocides
Ebotec
biocides
Cinon
biocides
Bodoxin
biocides
Drewplus
defoamers
Iron
Pentacarbonyl
Biocides
77
78
Notes
79
Global Headquarters
Ashland Inc.
50 East RiverCenter Blvd.
Covington, KY 41012 USA
Tel:
+1 859 815 3333
Ashland Specialty Ingredients
8145 Blazer Drive
Wilmington, DE 19808 USA
Tel:
+1 800 345 0447
Fax: +1 302 992 7287
specialtiessolutions@ashland.com
ashland.com
Registered trademark, Ashland or its subsidiaries, registered in various countries
Trademark, Ashland or its subsidiaries, registered in various countries
2012-2014, Ashland
PC-11578.2
All statements, information and data presented herein are

believed to be accurate and reliable, but are not to be taken
as a guarantee, an express warranty, or an implied warranty
of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose, or
representation, express or implied, for which Ashland Inc.
and its subsidiaries assume legal responsibility.
Performance and Industrial Chemicals

A broad portfolio backed by the best quality and technical services
Ashlands portfolio of performance and industrial chemicals is one of the broadest in the specialties
segment, enabling us to take a market-leading position in many categories. From printing to oilfield to
automotive, these products are widely distributed to manufacturers around the world to enhance product
functionality, reduce costs and improve processing and manufacturing. Additionally, Ashland provides
customized chemistry to formulators with especially challenging performance requirements. This whiteglove approach is further reflected in our extensive global network of technical service facilities in North
America, Europe, Middle East and Asia. For more information about our entire line of offerings, visit our
corporate site at ashland.com.
For more information, contact us at: specialtiessolutions@ashland.com

Ashland

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Performance Specialties

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

Research and Development/

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

Culminal, Benecel methylcellulose ................................................49-50

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

This brochure is organized into five

Solvents, intermediates & surfactants

Biocides and Preservatives

Biocides & Preservatives

Dextrol and Strodex phosphate ester surfactants are leading

All four alcohols function as precursors to numerous derivatives such as

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

Vinyllactams ethers are offered for applications based on the

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

The largest family of polymers produced by Ashland is based on

The Gantrez AN family of methylvinylether/maleic anhydride

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

The number of substituted hydroxyl groups per anhydroglucose unit

Carbonyl iron powder: Micropowder iron powders are characterized

Aquaflow rheology modifiers

Foam Control Agents

Emulsifiers, dispersants and lubricants: The Ceraphyl and

Biocides and preservatives

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

Iron dissolution inhibitor in mineral acids.

Iron dissolution inhibitor in mineral acids.

Corrosion inhibitor during oil well stimulation and acid pickling.

Corrosion inhibitor during acid pickling.

Nickel electroplating bath additive giving bright, uniform metal deposition

Precursor to Iodopropynylbutyl Carbamate (IPBC), a coating fungicide.

Butynediol intermediate is commercially available as a solid or in 50% aqueous

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

Terephthalic acid to produce polybutylene terephthalate (PBT).

Butanediol intermediate is used mainly as a co-monomer in classical

Adipic acid to yield polyesters with biodegradability characteristics.

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

Electrolyte dissociating solvent for nonaqueous capacitors.

Reaction medium for organometallic reagents, including linear low-density

Solvent for a wide spectrum of polymers and an effective substitute for

Monomer for polytetramethylene glycol, a Spandex* intermediate.

Paint strippers, industrial cleaners and lithographic developers.

Hydrolyzed in water at elevated temperatures to yield 4-hydroxybutyric acid,

Stabilizes urea in fertilizers.

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

The family of 2-pyrrolidones offered by Ashland has a variety of

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

Polymerization medium for polyethersulfones, polyaramids, polyesters and

Low-temperature reaction solvent for temperature sensitive pharmaceutical

Polyamide-imide diluent for wire enamel coatings.

Circuit board/defluxing/stencil cleaners - used as a co-solvent, usually in

Paint and photoresist strippers.

Solvent for extraction of aromatics from lube oil.

Solvent for separation of acetylene and butadiene from light hydrocarbon

High precision electronic cleaning agent.

4.06 Debye @ 25C

Soluble in water and most organic solvents; sparingly soluble in

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

Photoresist Strippers - used as a co-solvent, usually in combination with M-Pyrol

It is also available as 95% active solution that freezes/solidifies at

Silkscreen Cleaners - as a co-solvent in cleaning formulations

Performance Specialties Reference Guide

Engineered solvents products

ShipShape resin cleaner