Video
Definition
A fire extinguisher is an active fire protection
device used to extinguish or control small fires,
often in emergency situations. It is not
intended for use on an out-of-control fire, such
as one which has reached the ceiling,
endangers the user (i.e. no escape route,
smoke, explosion hazard, etc.), or otherwise
requires the expertise of a fire department.
Noteworthy History
1723 - First Patent by
Ambrose Godfrey in
England
1818 - First modern fire
extinguisher by Captain
George William Manby
using potassium
carbonate & compressed
air
1866 first patented
soda acid fire
extinguisher
Assumptions on Standardization
Codes required fire extinguishers for specific
special hazard occupancies
Fires became unpredictable with addition of
new building materials
Operation of fire extinguishers varied from one
type to another
Assumptions on Standardization
Multiple types of extinguishers for different
fires created risk of improper application
True risk assessments of occupancy hazards
diminished due to level of experience and field
knowledge
Liability and ease made standardization more
palatable
Cost of Fire
Annual Estimates
Roughly 4500 lives annually
100 fire fighters annually
Joint Commissions
Insurance Underwriters
Insurance Considerations
In assigning protection factors, insurers assess
both public protection, such as fire department
capabilities, fire hydrant distribution and available
water supply, and private protection, such as fire
extinguishers, automatic sprinklers, and fire alarm
systems, provided inside a building. The levels of
reliability of these and other fire-protection
systems and services can significantly affect the
overall level of fire protection provided to a
structure, as well as the insurance rates charged.
Source: The Canadian Wood
Council
Human Behavior Several studies have taken place over the last
two decades that highlight human behavior in
a fire including:
National Research Council A Comparison of the
1993 And 2001 Evacuations of The World Trade
Center, Fahey; Proulx
NIST Technical Note 1619 Modeling Human
Behavior During Building Fires, Kuligowski
Fire Code Reform Technical Report FCRC TR-9711 Selected Literature Review On Human
Behaviour In Fire
Many Others
Hi-rise buildings
Healthcare
Hotels
Large places of assembly
equipment
Reduces CO2 impact Fire truck emissions / service vehicles
Reduces release of toxins water runoff / sulfur dioxide, arsenic,
others from diesel fuel consumption
Supports energy conservation
Summary
Fire extinguishers are proven and effective
Fire extinguishers are critical to all life safety
programs
Technology exits to link fire extinguishers to
the other monitored life safety and security
systems
Precedence for 24/7 surveillance is already
part of our codes
Evolution of fire protection systems to save
lives and protect property is paramount
Appendix Material
STANDARD
NFPA 10
OSHA
1910.157(c)(1) The employer shall provide portable
fire extinguishers and shall mount, locate and
identify them so that they are readily accessible to
employees without subjecting the employees to
possible injury
1910.157(c)(4) The employer shall assure that
portable fire extinguishers are maintained in a fully
charged and operable condition and kept in their
designated places at all times except during use
OSHA
1910.157(e)(1)The employer shall be responsible for the
inspection, maintenance and testing of all portable fire
extinguishers in the workplace
1910.157(e)(2)Portable extinguishers or hose used in lieu thereof
under paragraph (d)(3) of this section shall be visually inspected
monthly
1910.157(e)(3)The employer shall assure that portable fire
extinguishers are subjected to an annual maintenance check.
Stored pressure extinguishers do not require an internal
examination. The employer shall record the annual maintenance
date and retain this record for one year after the last entry or the
life of the shell, whichever is less. The record shall be available to
the Assistant Secretary upon request
Joint Commissions
EC.02.03.01
Requires fire extinguisher inspections at 30 day
intervals
Requires proper record keeping and documentation
storage
Compliance is low hanging fruit for auditors
Failure to comply can delay federal $ to institutions