Imperfection

Crack
Crater crack
Surface pore
End crater pipe
Lack of Fusion
Micro Lack of Fusion
Incomplete root penetration
Undercut continuous
Undercut intermittent
Shrinkage groove

Surface imperfections
Imperfectiune
t (mm)
0.5
0.5
0.5 to 3
0.5 to 3
>3
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5 to 3
>3
0.5 to 3
>3

Excess weld metal (butt

weld)
Excessive convexity (fillet
weld)
Excess penetration

0.5

Not permitted
Not permitted
Not permitted
Not permitted
h 0.05 t, but max. 0.5mm
Not permitted
Short* imperfections:
h 0.05 t, but max. 0.5mm
h1mm + 0.1b, but max 5mm
b=weld width

0.5

h1mm + 0.1b, but max 5mm

b=weld width

0.5 to 3
>3
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5 to 3
>3

Weld toe incorrect butt

Weld toe incorrect fillet
Overlap
Sagging
Incompletely filled groove
Fillet weld excessive
asymmetry

0.5

h1mm + 0.1b
h1mm + 0.2b, but max 3mm
150
110
Not permitted
Not permitted
Short* imperfections:
h 0.05 t, but max. 0.5mm
h1.5mm + 0.15 a
h=difference between legs
a=design throat thickness

Burn through
Root concavity

0.5
0.5 to 3
>3

Root porosity
Poor restart
Insufficient throat thickness

0.5
0.5
0.5 to 3
>3
0.5
0.5
0.5

Excessive throat thickness

Stray arc
Spatter
Temper colour
(discoloration)
Internal imperfections
Imperfection
Cracks
Microcracks

Limits for Quality Level B

Not permitted
Not permitted
Not permitted
Not permitted

0.5

Imperfectiune

t (mm)
0.5
0.5

Not permitted
Not permitted
Short* imperfections:
h 0.05 t, but max. 0.5mm
Not permitted
Not permitted
Not permitted
Not permitted
h1mm + 0.15a, but max 3mm
Not permitted
Depends on application (material,
corrosion protection)
Depends on application (material,
corrosion protection)
Limits for Quality Level B
Not permitted
Depends on type of parent metal
with particular reference to crack

sensitivity
Single gas pore
butt
fillet
Porosity, uniformly
distributed
Porosity, clustered

0.5

Porosity, linear butt

0.5

Porosity, linear fillet

0.5

Cavity, elongated
(wormhole) butt
Cavity, elongated
(wormhole) fillet
Cavity, shrinkage
Crater pipe

0.5

Solid, slag, flux, oxide

inclusions butt
Solid, slag, flux, oxide
inclusions fillet
Metallic inclusions (other
than Copper) butt
Metallic inclusions (other
than Copper) fillet
Copper inclusions
Lack of Fusion
Lack of Sidewall Fusion
Lack of Interrun Fusion
Lack of Root Fusion
Lack of Penetration
Imperfections in Joint Geometry
Imperfection
Imperfectiune
Linear misalignment
Transversely circular welds
at cylindrical hollow sections
Incorrect root gap (fillet)
Multiple imperfections in
any cross section

Cross-sectional area in
longitudinal direction

0.5
0.5

0.5
0.5
0.5 to 3
>3
0.5

d0.2s, but max 3mm

d0.2s, but max 3mm
single layer: 1%
multi-layer: 2%
dA 15mm or
dA, max Wp/2
h0.2s, but max 2mm
ls, but max 25mm
h0.2a, but max 2mm
la, but max 25mm
h0.2s, but max 2mm
ls, but max 25mm
h0.2a, but max 2mm
la, but max 25mm
Not permitted
Not permitted

0.5

h0.2s, but max 2mm

ls, but max 25mm
h0.2a, but max 2mm
la, but max 25mm
h0.2s, but max 2mm

0.5

h0.2a, but max 2mm

0.5
0.5

Not permitted
Not permitted
Not permitted
Not permitted
Not permitted
Not permitted

0.5

0.5
t (mm)
0.5 to 3
>3
0.5

Limits for Quality Level B

h0.2mm + 0.1t
h0.1t, but max 3mm
h0.5t, but max 2mm

0.5 to 3
>3
0.5 to 3
>3

h0.2mm + 0.1a
h0.5mm + 0.1a, but max 2mm
Not permitted
max total h of imperfections:
h 0.2t
or 0.15a
h x l 4%

0.5

*short* imperfections: if weld > 100 mm: total length < 25 mm in the 100 mm with the most imperfections; if weld < 100 mm: total
length < 25% total weld length)