Dept.

of Mass
Communication

Salman Saeed

Ethics of Research
Submitted To:
Maam
Sadaf Zahra
Roll No:
06
Semester:
6th

Ethics:
Ethics (also moral philosophy) is the branch of philosophy that involves systematizing,
defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct. The term ethics derives
from the Ancient Greek word ethikos, which is derived from the word ethos (habit, custom).
As a branch of philosophy, ethics investigates the questions What is the best way for people to
live? and What actions are right or wrong in particular circumstances? In practice, ethics
seeks to resolve questions of human morality, by defining concepts such as good and evil, right
and wrong, justice and crime..
The three major areas of study within ethics are:
1. Meta-ethics, concerning the theoretical meaning and reference of moral propositions, and
how their truth values (if any) can be determined
2. Normative ethics, concerning the practical means of determining a moral course of action
3. Applied ethics, concerning what a person is obligated to do in a specific situation or a
particular domain of action

Ethics of Research:

Strive for honesty in all scientific communications. Honestly report data, results,
methods and procedures, and publication status.
Strive to avoid bias in experimental design, data analysis, data interpretation, peer review,
personnel decisions, grant writing, expert testimony, and other aspects of research where
objectivity is expected or required.
Integrity: Keep your promises and agreements; act with sincerity; strive for consistency
of thought and action.
Researcher must respect the rights, values and decisions of other peoples (If they want to
participate or not)

 Do not involve people in research without their knowledge or consent.

Carefulness: Avoid careless errors and negligence; carefully and critically examine your
own work and the work of your peers. Keep good records of research activities, such as
data collection, research design, and correspondence with agencies or journals.
Respect for colleagues: your colleagues and treat them fairly.
Legality: Know and obey relevant laws and institutional and governmental policies.
Animal Care: Show proper respect and care for animals when using them in research.
Dont Force people to participate
Dont actively lie to the participant about the reserch
Dont lead the participants to commits act that diminish his or her respect.
Dont try to invade the privacy of the participants
Avoid treating the participants unequally or unfairly.
Tell them their opinion and expression or valuable while collecting data from them.
Dont criticize or discriminate any human being for what he/she is.
It should be noted that dont reveal everything what the research as it may impact the
results.
Researcher must be submitted to one journal at a time .
Professional standards must be maintain by clearly mentioning the methods, designs and
procedure to eliminate the errors.

Professional Code of ethics:

1. American association for public opinion research
2. Participants should know the purpose and detail of the research.
3. They can with draw from research at any time after the project started.
4. Participants have rights to ask for anonymity and confidentiality.
5. They have rights to receive benefits in return for risks and costs involved.
6. Respondent have right to volunteer for research or not.
7. They have right to know about the deception at the end.
8. In case of violation of any right they can inform the officials.