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SBU 1023 BIODIVERSITY OF PLANTAE AND ANIMALIA

TUTORIAL 3 (35 Marks)
SECTION A (CHAP 18: 15 Marks)
A. Choose the most appropriate letter for each.
1.

____
Archaea

2.

____
cyanobacteria

3.

____
Grypania spiralis

4.

____
red algae

5.

____
Thermus aquaticus

A.

the oldest known fossil that represents a current eukaryotic group

B.

a hot-spring bacterium that produces an enzyme used in PCR

C.

ancient bacteria now found in environments not hospitable to most organisms

D.

one of the oldest known eukaryotic fossils

E.

these produce stromatolites

B. Briefly describe major events occurred in the Life Origin and Evolution timeline in figure 1
which is actually affected by oxygen level within the atmosphere :
1.

Event labelled 3:

(1 Mark)

2. Event labeled 8:

(3 Marks)

3.

Event labelled 9:

(3 Marks)

4. In Which event do you think that the Ozone layer is completely formed? Provide your reason.

(3 Marks)

CHAPTER 19 (20 Marks)

1. Researchers have determined that HIV evolved from _______________
A. an archeaen.
B. simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV).
C. white blood cells.
D. The Sudden acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) virus.
E. the swine flu (H1N1) virus.

2. Which of the following statements is incorrect for all viruses?

A. Viruses have an inner core of nucleic acid.
B. Viruses have a protein capsid.
C. Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites.
D. Viruses have envelopes.
E. Viral genomes may consist of either DNA or RNA.

3. A researcher infects a bacterium with a bacteriophage and notices that the infection does not
immediately bring about the destruction of the host cell. Instead, the phage genetic material
is copied whenever the host reproduces. Which viral replication cycle is described here?
A. integration cycle
B. lysogenic cycle
C. biosynthetic cycle
D. lytic cycle
E. emergence cycle

4. Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between the two methods
of reproduction of bacteriophages.
A. viral DNA reproduced via the lysogenic pathway eventually enters the lytic
pathway
B. viral DNA reproduced via the lytic pathway eventually enters the lysogenic
pathway
C. viral DNA in the lysogenic pathway immediately directs the host to reproduce the
new viral particles
D. there is never any interaction between the lytic and lysogenic pathways in
bacteriophage reproduction

E. the lytic pathway is dependent upon the lysogenic pathway for completion of
reproduction

5. Animal viruses which have an envelope enter cells by

A. injecting their nucleic acid into the cells cytoplasm.
B. fusing with the plasma membrane.
C. endocytosis.
D. plasmolysis.
E. either fusing with the plasma membrane or endocytosis.

6. Which of the following is not caused by an emerging virus?

A. acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
B. chickenpox
C. bird flu
D. ebola
E. severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

7. Which virus is an RNA virus?

A. Adenovirus
B. HIV
C. Parvovirus
D. herpes virus
E. Papillomavirus

8. A disease that is always present but usually restricted to a small part of the population is
called
A. endemic.
B. epidemic.
C. pandemic.
D. sporadic.

E. none of these.

9. The virus known as H1N1 (swine flu) is

A. easily transmitted from person to person and has a high death rate.
B. rarely transmitted from person to person and does not have a high death rate.
C. rarely transmitted from person to person and has a high death rate.
D. easily transmitted from person to person, but does not have a high death rate.
E. is only transmitted from farm animals directly to humans who work in agriculture.

10. Viroids differ from viruses in that virus lack ____________________________

A. RNA.
B. a protein coat.
C. the ability to reproduce.
D. RNA and a protein coat.
E. all of these.

11. Viroids were initially difficult to detect and isolate in part because of their
A. similarity to typical viruses.
B. miniscule size.
C. lack of DNA.
D. lack of pathogenic activity.
E. all of these.

12. Bacterial pili are important for ______________________

A. DNA replication.

B. conjugation.
C. locomotion.
D. both locomotion and conjugation.
E. both DNA replication and locomotion.

13. Bacteria can obtain their nutrition by ___________________________

A. photoautotrophy.
B. chemoautotrophy.
C. heterotrophy.
D. both photoautotrophy and chemoautotrophy.
E. all of these.

14. Which of the following distinguishes the bacterial flagellum from those of eukaryotes?
A. quqntity per cell
B. internal structure
C. mechanism of movement
D. mechanism of movement and internal structure
E. all of these

15. Bacteria can obtain their nutrition by ___________________________

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

photoautotrophy.
chemoautotrophy
heterotrophy
both photoautotrophy and chemoautotrophy
all of these

16. Which of the following is NOT caused by a virus?

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

hepatitis B
Measles
Influenza
Botulism
Herpes

17.

The methane-producing bacteria (methanogens) have been isolated from

___________
guts of grazers such as sheep and cows.
deep ocean vents.
soil.
guts of humans.
all of these.

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

18. E.Coli cells in your gut are ___________.

A. bacteria
B. chemoheterotrophs
C. normal flora
D. produce vitamin K
E. all the above
Short answer (2 Marks)
19. How does the ability of bacteria to acquire new genes affect antibiotic resistance?
(2 Marks)
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