TUGAS

BAHASA INGGRIS

EXPLANATION TEXT

Oleh :

Nama : Muhammad Topan

Kelas: XII IPS 5

SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS NEGERI 5

BUKITTINGGI
2015

EXPLANATION
1. HOW TIDAL CURRENTS HAPPEN
Tidal currents, as their name suggests, are generated by tides. Tides are essentially long,
slow waves created by the gravitational pull of the moon, and to a lesser degree, the sun, on the
earth's surface. Since the moon is so much closer to the earth than the sun, its pull has more
influence on the tides.
The moon's gravitational pull forces the ocean to bulge outwards on opposite sides of the
earth, which causes a rise in the water level in places that are aligned with the moon and a
decrease in water levels other places. This rise in water level is accompanied by a horizontal
movement of water called the tidal current.
Although tides and tidal currents don't have much impact in the open oceans, they can
create a rapid current of up to 15.5 miles (25 kilometers) per hour when they flow in and out of
narrower areas like bays, estuaries and harbors. Fast tidal currents toss sediment around and
affect plant and animal life. Currents also may transfer a fish's eggs from an estuary out into the
open sea or carry nutrients that the fish needs from the sea into the estuary.
When the tide is rising and the flow of the current is directed towards the shore, the tidal
current is called the flood current. When the tide is receding and the current is directed back out
to sea, it is called the ebb current. Because the relative positions of the moon, sun and earth
change at a known rate, tidal currents are predictable.
ESSAY :
1. What is described in the text above?
On the occurrence of the tide
2. What causes the tides?
The tides causes by the gravitational pull of the moon, and to a lesser degree,
the sun, on the earth's surface
3. How does the tidal currents occur?

A rise in the water level in places that are aligned with the moon and a
decrease in water levels other places. This rise in water level is accompanied
by a horizontal movement of water

4. How much current can be generated when the tide?

15.5 miles (25 kilometers) per hour
5. What is the impact of the tide?
The impact of the tide are fast tidal currents toss sediment around and affect
plant and animal life. Currents also may transfer a fish's eggs from an estuary
out into the open sea or carry nutrients that the fish needs from the sea into the
estuary.
6. Where the required nutrients fish taken?
The from the sea into the estuary.
7. What is the tide?
When the tide is rising and the flow of the current is directed towards the
shore, the tidal current
8. What is the current ebb?
When the tide is receding and the current is directed back out to sea
9. How to predict the flow of the tide?
To prediction the flow of the tide is relative positions of the moon, sun and
earth change at a known rate.
10. How is the position of the moon and the Earth during an ebb and flow?
the position of the moon and the Earth during an ebb and flow is the moon is
so much closer to the earth than the sun
2. RAINBOW
Everyone has been familiar what rainbow is. But do you know how the process of it is?
Rainbow is a natural phenomenon which occurs with a very interesting physics processes to be
observed. So here will be described how the process of rainbow occurs.
Rainbow is a big arc spectrum which occurs due to the reflection of sunlight by water
grains. Rainbow is an optical and meteorological phenomenon in the form of multi-colored light
that seems parallel to each other in the sky or other medium. Rainbow appears as an arc light
with a tip leads to the horizon in a light rain. It can also be seen around a raging waterfall.

Rainbow usually occurs when the air is very hot and the rain drops lightly. We can see the
phenomenon clearly if we stand against the sunlight. Rainbow can also be formed by foggy air of
frosted.
In physics, a rainbow can be explained as a natural refraction event. Refraction is the
process of decomposition of a specific color into another color (red: the color spectrum) through
a specific media.
The process of color decomposition occurs when the white sunlight breaks down into a
spectrum of colors through rainwater. The spectrum of colors which occur consist of violet, red,
indigo, blue, green, yellow, and orange. Rainbow phenomenon can also occur around the
waterfall. The splash water around the fall becomes the media to decipher the colors and sunlight
to make a rainbow.
ESSAY :
1. What is described in the text above?
On the occurrence of a rainbow
2. What is a rainbow?
Rainbow is a big arc spectrum which occurs due to the reflection of sunlight
by water grains.
3. When the rainbow happen?
Rainbow usually happen when the air is very hot and the rain drops lightly
4. What is our position that the rainbow obvious?
We can see the phenomenon clearly if we stand against the sunlight
5. In physics rainbow process is called what?
In physics rainbow process is refraction
6. What is meant by refraction?
Refraction is the process of decomposition of a specific color into another
color (red: the color spectrum) through a specific media.
7. What color decomposition process occurs?
The process of color decomposition occurs when the white sunlight breaks
down into a spectrum of colors through rainwater
8. Name the color spectrum of the rainbow?
The spectrum of colors which occur consist of violet, red, indigo, blue, green,
yellow, and orange
9. Where the rainbow phenomenon can occur?
Rainbow can also be formed by foggy air of frosted and around a raging
waterfall

10. The media what is used to describe the colors of the rainbow?
The media is used to describe the colors of the rainbow is The splash water
around the fall
3. WHY SEAWATER IS SALTY?
Most of our planets surface is covered in water salt water. The oceans that support so
much of Earths life are around 3.5% sodium chloride 50 million billion tonnes of salt.
But where does it come from? While some of it comes from volcanic vents or rocks on
the seabed, most of it is actually from the land around us. Every time it rains, tiny amounts of
mineral salts are washed into rivers, which eventually flow into the sea.
The salt in rivers is less than 1/200th the amount usually found in seawater. It becomes
more concentrated in the ocean, as the Suns heat causes water from the surface to evaporate,
leaving the salt behind. Extra salt added every year from rivers is balanced by salt which returns
to the sea floor.
But salinity isnt the same everywhere. Towards the poles, water is not as salty because
its diluted by melting ice, while the extra heat in the tropics makes water there saltier and
denser.
ESSAY :
1. What is described in the text above?
On the why seawater is salty
2. How% oceans on earth?
3.5% sodium chloride-50 million billion tonnes of salt
3. What the content of what is most on the earth's surface?
the content of what is most on the earth's surface is water
4. Where the origin of the oceans that exist on the surface of the earth?
Some of it comes from volcanic vents or rocks on the seabed, most of it is
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

actually from the land around us

Where salt is found?
salt is found in seawater
Where the origin of additional salt is added every year? Every time it rains
Where the ocean is not salty?
In areas pole
What is the main idea of paragraph 2?
The main idea of the paragraph 2 salt formation
Why pole area is not salty?
it's diluted by melting ice

10. What causes the tropics memeiliki salty water?

a tropical salty water because of the additional heat
4. TSUNAMI
The term of tsunami comes from the Japanese which means harbor ("tsu") and wave
("nami"). A tsunami is a series of waves generated when water in a lake or the sea is rapidly
displaced on a massive scale.
A tsunami can be generated when the sea floor abruptly deforms and vertically displaces
the overlying water. Such large vertical movements of the earth's crust can occur at plate
boundaries. Subduction of earthquakes are particularly effective in generating tsunamis, and
occur where denser oceanic plates slip under continental plates.
Tsunami always bring great damage. Most of the damage is caused by the huge mass of
water behind the initial wave front, as the height of the sea keeps rising fast and floods
powerfully into the coastal area.
ESSAY :
1. What is described in the text above?
On the occurrence of a tsunami
2. Where the word tsunami comes?
The term of tsunami comes from the Japanese which means harbor ("tsu")
and wave ("nami")
3. What is a tsunami?
Tsunami is a series of waves generated when water in a lake or the sea is
rapidly displaced on a massive scale
4. How the tsunami?
A tsunami can be generated when the sea floor abruptly deforms and vertically
displaces the overlying water. Such large vertical movements of the earth's
crust can occur at plate boundaries
5. What is the impact of the tsunami?
Most of the damage is caused by the huge mass of water behind the initial
wave front, as the height of the sea keeps rising fast and floods powerfully
into the coastal area.
6. What is the basic idea of Paragraph 2?
How occur about the tsunami
7. What causes major tsunami damage?

Most of the damage is caused by the huge mass of water behind the initial
wave front, as the height of the sea keeps rising fast and floods powerfully
into the coastal area.
5. Ultraviolet

Ultraviolet light means the invisible part of the spectrum beyond violet. This light has
always been regarded as very useful because it is used to cure certain skin diseases, kill bacteria,
detect counterfeit money, from vitamins, etc.
Along with the increasingly extensive use of computers in financial activities, ultraviolet
light has been widely applied by banks to identify the signatures of the costumers in passbook.
When the card is removed, the trace of his signature will be left; this can be used to compare
with the signature on the customers withdrawal slip under ultraviolet light.
Ultraviolet light certainly has many practical applications, but it may also be harmful to
human being on some occasions. To everyones knowledge, the direct impact of the light on the
yes for an excessive length of time may blind a person.
Even though it can cure certain skin disease, it is also very harmful to the skin. A study
just completed in the United States says that the light may cause skin cancer. The ultraviolet rays
of the sun have been ranked as the third most dangerous cancer-causing agent after alcohol and
tobacco.
It is high time to warn sun-worshippers in the quest for a bronzed look to be careful of
excessive and uncontrolled exposure to the sun.
ESSAY :
1. What is described in the text above?
About the impact of ultraviolet
2. What is the main idea of a paragraph 1?
the main idea of the paragraph 1 are the benefits of ultraviolet rays
3. What to ultraviolet light?
very useful Because it is used to cure Certain skin diseases, kill bacteria,
detect counterfeit money, from vitamins, etc
4. What's the use of ultraviolet light on the bank?
applied by banks to identify the signatures of the costumers in passbook.
5. What is the main idea of paragraph 4?
paragraph 4 main idea is the negative impact of ultraviolet rays
6. How detection made by the bank on the computer?

When the card is removed, the trace of his signature will be left; this can be
used to compare with the customer's signature on the withdrawal slip under
ultraviolet light.
7. What are the effects of ultraviolet light on the near-term?
the direct impact of the light on the yes for an excessive length of time may
blind a person
8. What are the negative effects of ultraviolet rays?
the negative impact of ultraviolet rays is skin cancer
9. How sequence ultraviolet rays cause cancer in humans?
The ultraviolet rays of the sun have been ranked as the third most dangerous
cancer-causing agent after alcohol and tobacco.
10. What is expected by the author to the reader?
It is high time to warn sun-worshipers in the quest for a bronzed look to be
careful of excessive and uncontrolled exposure to the sun.