Thermochemistry is related with heat change in a chemical reaction. Heat change at constant
volume given as U & at constant pressure given as H .By I.U.P.A.C. sign convension
For endothermic reaction : H 0; U 0
For exothermic reaction : H 0; U 0
1. Standard Enthalpy of formation (H 0f ) :-Enthalpy change on formation of 1 mole substance
from its elements when all are in their standard state.
Assumption taken: For elements in their standard state H 0f 0
Ex- C(graphite)+O2 ( g ) CO2 ( g ); r H H 0f (CO2 )
0
0
Here, H f [C ( graphite)] H f [O2 ( g )] 0
LAWS OF THERMOCHEMISTRY
1. Lavoisier & Laplace law:- The law states that the heat evolved in a chemical reaction is
equal to the heat absorbed when the reaction is reversed.
C(s) O2(g)
CO2(g) ; H=-94.3 Kcal
CO2 (g)
C(g) O2 (g) ; H = + 94.3 Kcal
2. Hesss law of constant heat summation:- The law states that at constant pressure the
total enthalpy change accompanying a chemical reaction is the same whether the
reaction takes place in one or more steps .This shows that ENTHALPY is a state function
& is extensive property.
H 3 z
H1 x
H 2 y
A
B
C
D
& A D; r H ?
By Hesss law r H x y z
Q.1
Diborane is a potential rocket fuel which undergoes combustion according to the reaction,
B2H6(g) + 3O2(g) B2O3(s) + 3H2O(g)
From the following data, calculate the enthalpy change for the combustion of diborane :
2B(s) + O2(g) B2O3(s) ;
H = 1273 kJ
H2(g) + O2(g) H2O(l) ;
H = 286 kJ
H2O(l) H2O(g) ;
H = 44 kJ
H = 36 kJ
[JEE 2000]
Q.2
Q.3
H 0f for CO2(g), CO(g) and H2O(g) are 393.5, 110.5 and 241.8 kJ mol1 respectively. The
standard enthalpy change (in kJ) for the reaction
CO2(g) + H2(g) CO(g) + H2O (g) is
(A) 524.1
(B*) 41.2
(C) 262.5
Q.4
[JEE 2003]
(D) 41.2
[JEE 2000]
[JEE 1999]
Q.5
Q.6
H 2 3
H 3
2
2
H 2 3
H 3
(C) H f H1
2
2
(A*) H f H1
Q.7
(B) H f H1
H 2 3
H 3
2
2
(D) None
if the molar ratio of C2H4 to CH3CHO is 8 : 1 in a set of product gases, then the enthalpy
involved in the decomposition of 1 mole of ethanol is
(A) 65.98 kJ
(B*) 48.137 kJ
(C) 48.46 kJ
(D) 57.22 kJ
Q.8
1
O (g) H2O (l)
2 2
(A*) 620.5
Q.9
H/kJ
1011 kJ
317 kJ
286 kJ
285 kJ
(B) 622.75
(C) 1167.5
(D) + 622.75
Find rU for the reaction 4HCl (g) + O2 (g) 2Cl2(g) + 2H2O (g) at 300 K. Assume all
gases are ideal.
0
r H 300
Given: H2(g) + Cl2(g) 2HCl (g)
K = 184.5 kJ/mole
2H2(g) +
1
O (g) 2H2O (g)
2 2
0
r H 300
K = 483 kJ/mole
(D) None
1
Cl (g) NaCl (s)
2 2
rH = 411 kJ/mol
rH = 811 kJ/mol
1
1
H2(g) + Cl2(g) HCl (g)
2
2
rH = 92 kJ/mol;
R = 8.3 J/K-mol
from these data, the heat change of reaction at constant volume ( in kJ/mol) at 27C for the
process
2NaCl (s) + H2SO4 (l) Na2SO4 (s) + 2HCl (g) is
(A) 67
(B*) 62.02
(C) 71.98
(D) None