Northwestern Agusan Colleges

Bayview Hill, Nasipit, Agusan del Norte

Project in
P.E.-IV
Submitted by:

Krizzia Mae L. Camasura

BSED-2
Sat/ 1:00-3:00PM
Submitted to:

Mr. Kheven Guyo

Instructor

BASKETBALL
Basketball is the most popular sport played indoors in the US. History
of basketball is not so long. It was invented in 1891 in Springfield,
Massachusetts, by Dr James Naismith. He used fruit baskets for the
hoops and baskets, and a soccer ball. The first professional
organization for male players was established in 1898, and the NBA

(National Basketball Association) was set up in 1949. Games are now

played by rich basketball stars before huge audiences. The team seen
most outside the US is the Harlem Globetrotters. It is mainly an indoor
sport but it is also played with just as much enthusiasm by young
people on the streets of US cities. Basketball is played by two teams
of five players, but seven other players can be brought on to replace
them during the game.

Basketball History: Origin of the Sport

In contrast to other sports, basketball has a clear origin. It is not the evolution from an
ancient game or another sport and the inventor is well known: Dr. James Naismith.
Naismith was born in 1861 in Ramsay township, Ontario, Canada. He graduated as a
physician at McGill University in Montreal and was primarily interested in sports physiology.
In 1891, while working as a physical education teacher at the YMCA International Training
School (today, Springfield College) in the United
States, Naismith was faced with the problem of
finding in 14 days an indoor game to provide
"athletic distraction" for the students at the
School for Christian Workers (Naismith was also a
Presbyterian minister).
After discarding the idea of adapting outdoor
games like soccer and lacrosse, Naismith recalled
the concept of a game of his school days known
as duck-on-a-rock that involved accuracy
attempting to knock a "duck" off the top of a
large rock by tossing another rock at it.
Starting from there, Naismith developed a set of
13 rules that gave origin to the game of basketball.
Of course it was not exactly as we know it today. The first game was played with a soccer
ball and two peach baskets nailed 10-feet high used as goals, on a court just half the size of
a present-day court. The baskets retained their bottoms so balls scored into the basket had
to be poked out with a long dowel each time and dribbling (bouncing of the ball up and down
while moving) was not part of the original game.
The sport was an instant success and thanks to the initial impulse received by the YMCA
movement, basketball's popularity quickly grew nationwide and was introduced in many
nations. Although Naismith never saw the game develop into the spectacular game we know
these days, he had the honor to witness basketball become an Olympic sport at the 1936
Games held in Berlin.

These are James Naismith original thirteen rules of

basketball:
1. The ball may be thrown in any direction with one or both hands.
2. The ball may be batted in any direction with one or both hands, but never with the fist.
3. A player cannot run with the ball. The player must throw it from the spot on which he
catches it, allowance to be made for a man running at good speed.
4. The ball must be held in or between the hands. The arms or body must not be used for
holding it.
5. No shouldering, holding, pushing, striking or tripping in any way of an opponent. The
first infringement of this rule by any person shall count as a foul; the second shall
disqualify him until the next goal is made or, if there was evident intent to injure the
person, for the whole of the game. No substitution shall be allowed.

6. A foul is striking at the ball with the fist, violations of Rules 3 and 4 and such as
described in Rule 5.
7. If either side make three consecutive fouls it shall count as a goal for the opponents
(consecutive means without the opponents in the meantime making a foul).
8. Goal shall be made when the ball is thrown or batted from the ground into the basket
and stays there, providing those defending the goal do not touch or disturb the goal. If
the ball rests on the edge and the opponents move the basket, it shall count as a goal.
9. When the ball goes out of bounds, it shall be thrown into the field and played by the
first person touching it. In case of dispute the umpire shall throw it straight into the
field. The thrower-in is allowed five seconds. If he holds it longer, it shall go to the
opponent. If any side persists in delaying the game, the umpire shall call a foul on
them.
10.
The umpire shall be judge of the men and shall note the fouls and notify the
referee when three consecutive fouls have been made. He shall have the power to
disqualify men according to Rule 5.
11.
The referee shall be the judge of the ball and decide when it is in play in bounds,
to which side it belongs, and shall keep the time. He shall decide when a goal has been
made and keep account of the goals with any other duties that are usually performed
by a referee.
12.

The time shall be two 15-minute halves with five minutes' rest between.

13.

The side making the most goals in that time shall be declared the winners.

BASKETBALL COURT
The court is up to 94 feet/29.7 meters long and 50 feet/15 meters wide. At each end is a
hoop (= a metal ring) 10 feet/3 meters above the floor. The hoop is attached to a backboard
and has a net without a bottom hanging from it. A regulation basketball hoop consists of a
rim 18 inches (46 cm) in diameter and 10 feet (3.0 m) high mounted to a backboard

BALL
In the beginning, Basketball was played with soccer ball. The first ball made specifically for
basketball was brown in color. In the late 1950s Tony Hinkle introduced the orange ball,
which is more visible to players and spectators alike. The size of the basketball is also
regulated. For men, the official ball is 29.5 inches in circumference (size 7, or a 295 ball)
and weighs 22 oz. If women are playing, the official basketball size is 28.5 inches in
circumference (size 6, or a 285 ball) with a weight of 20 oz.

SCORING
Players score two points when they throw the ball through the hoop from an area near the
basket, and three points if they are further away. The team that scores the most points wins.
The most exciting score is a slam dunk when a tall player jumps up high and pushes the ball
down through the hoop. The ball is moved between players by a pass, or a dribble if a player
bounces it on the floor. Dribbling was not part of the original game except for the bounce
pass to teammates. Passing the ball was the primary means of ball movement. Dribbling
was eventually introduced but limited by the asymmetric shape of early balls. Dribbling only
became a major part of the game around the 1950s, as manufacturing improved the ball
shape

FOULS
An attempt to unfairly disadvantage an opponent through physical contact is illegal and is
called a foul. Players are not allowed to push an opponent, but this often happens. When a
foul is committed against a player, he or she can have one or two free throws, also called

foul shots that count one point each. If the referee calls five illegal plays on a player, he or
she fouls out and cannot play the rest of the game.

BASKETBALL EQUIPMENT

Backboard
The rigid rectangular board behind the rim.

Basketball
The basket ball is an inflated sphere with an outer covering. It is 75 to 78cm in
circumference and weighs 600 to 650 grams. It must be made of leather in
official FIBA competition.

Basket
The goal, made up of a horizontal and circular metal rim with a net hanging
from it.. It is mounted 3.05 m above floor level.

Shoes
High-topped shoes.

Shot clock
The clock that counts down the maximum 24 seconds the offence is allowed to
possess the ball before shooting.

Floor
Playing surface made of wodden parquet. Dimensions: 28m x 15 m.

FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS OF BASKETBALL

Basketball is a fast-paced game that requires the knowledge and instinct to
perform quickly and properly. The sport of basketball requires five basic skills.
While some players might be more experienced with some skills than others, it
is best to have at least some ability in all five areas.
Dribbling
Dribbling is an important skill for all basketball players. This skill will allow you to move up
and down the court, maneuver past defenders and execute plays. Proper dribbling requires
ball-handling skills and knowledge of how to spread your fingers for ball control. It is also
best if you know how to dribble equally well with both hands.

Shooting
In order to score points in basketball, you need to shoot the ball into the hoop. This requires
the ability to properly hold and throw the ball into the air toward the basket while avoiding
defenders. A proper shot requires precise aiming, arm extension and lift from the legs. There
are different types of shots you need to learn, including jump shots, layups and free throws.

Running
Running is a big part of basketball. In a full-court game, you will find yourself running back
and forth as the game quickly transitions between offense and defense. When you have the
ball, running will help you to avoid defenders and get to the basket quicker. On defense, you
often will find yourself needing to run after the opponent, especially during fast breaks.

Passing
Passing is another skill that when mastered can help you become a complete basketball
player. Basketball is a team sport that involves finding a teammate who is open for a shot.
The ability to pass the ball to this player can make the difference between scoring and not
scoring. Really great passers are an important part of a basketball team and usually the ones
who set up scoring plays.

Jumping
Jumping is another skill that can define how good a basketball player is. Jumping is involved
in offense during the jump ball in the beginning, while taking shots and sometimes while
trying to catch a pass. On defensive you will need the ability to jump when trying to block a
shot or a pass. Being able to out jump your opponent for a rebound also is important.

Basketball Terminology & Definitions

Alternating-possession rule:
The possession arrow changes direction after each held ball situation, alternating which team gets
possession of the ball.
Assist:
A pass that immediately precedes and sets up a scored basket.
Backboard:
The rectangular or fan-shaped board behind the basket.
Backcourt:
The half of the court that is opposite a teams offensive basket; the court a team is attempting to
defend.
Ball handler:
The player with the ball; usually the point guard at the start of a play.
Ball Side:
The half of the court from the middle to the sideline where the ball is currently located. May also be
referred to as the strong side.
Bank shot:
A shot where the ball is first bounced (or banked) off the backboard at such an angle that it then
drops into the basket.
Baseline:
The boundary line behind each basket; also called the endline.
Basket:
Attached to the backboard, it consists of a metal rim 18 in diameter suspended 10 from the floor,
from which a 15-18 corded net hangs, and through which points are scored; also used to refer to a
successful field goal.
Beat the defender:
When an offensive player, with or without the ball, is able to get past an opponent who is guarding
him.
Bench Points:
The number of points scored during a game from players that began the game on the bench. All
points scored by non-starters.

Blocked shot:
The successful deflection of a shot by touching part of the ball on its way to the basket, thereby
preventing a field goal.
Blocking:
The use of a defenders body position to illegally prevent an opponents advance; the opposite of
charging.
Bonus free throw:
See One-and-One.
Bounce pass:
A pass that strikes the floor before it reaches the receiver.
Boxing out:
A players attempt to position his body between his opponent and the basket to get rebounds and
prevent the opponents from doing so. Also referred to as Blocking out.
Carrying the ball:
Also called palming; a violation committed by a dribbler that involves placing the dribbling hand
under the ball and momentarily holding or carrying it while dribbling.
Center:
Also called the pivot player; an offensive position typically played by a tall player who plays mainly
in the key areas (at the post).
Center court circle:
The circular area at midcourt from which jump balls are taken.
Charging:
A personal foul committed when an offensive player illegally contacts a defensive player who has
established position or is stationary.
Chest pass:
A two-handed pass thrown from the passers chest in a straight line to the chest area of the receiver.
Controlling the boards:
Securing a majority of the rebounds.
Conversion:
A made basket or free throw.
Court vision:
A players ability to see everything on the court during play such as where his teammates and
defenders are set up which enables him to make better choices in passing; the best players
possess this trait.
Crossover dribble:
A dribble in which the ball is moved from one hand to the other while the dribbler changes directions.
Cut:
A quick movement by an offensive player to elude an opponent or to receive the ball.
Cylinder:
The imaginary area directly above the basket where goaltending or basket interference can occur.
Dead ball:
Occurs whenever the whistle blows to stop play and after a field goal, but before the opponent gains
possession of the ball.
Defense:
The team not in possession of the ball whose objective is to keep the opponent from scoring; also a
specific pattern of play used by a defending team.
Defensive rebound:
A rebound of an opponents missed shot.
Double-double:
When a player scores double-digits in 2 categories during one game (points, assists and rebounds are
most common, but it can also be blocks or steals); a sign of great versatility.

Double dribble:
A violation that occurs when a player dribbles the ball with two hands simultaneously or stops
dribbling and then dribbles again.
Double foul:
A situation in which two opponents commit a foul against each other simultaneously.
Double team:
A defensive tactic in which two defenders temporarily guard one player.
Downcourt or down the court:
The direction a team on offense moves, from its backcourt into its frontcourt and towards its own
basket.
Dribble or dribbling:
Process by which a player repeatedly bounces the ball off the floor so that it returns to his/her
possession. Its the only legal means by which a single player may move the ball across the court.
Drive:
A quick dribble directly to the basket in an effort to score.
Dunk:
When a player close to the basket jumps and strongly throws the ball down into it; an athletic,
creative shot used to intimidate opponents.
Elbow:
A term often used to indicate the area of the court where the free-throw line and side of the key
meet.
Elbowing:
It is a violation if a player vigorously or excessively swings his elbows, even if there is no contact; it is
a foul if contact is made.
End line:
See baseline.
Established position:
When a defensive player has both feet firmly planted on the floor before an offensive players head
and shoulder get past him; the offensive player who runs into such a defender is charging.
4-point play:
A made 3-point field goal in which the shooter was fouled, followed by a successful free-throw.
Fake or feint:
A deceptive move to throw a defender off balance and allow an offensive player to shoot or receive a
pass; players use their eyes, head or any other part of the body to trick an opponent.
Fastbreak:
An offensive strategy in which a team attempts to move the ball downcourt and into scoring position
as quickly as possible so that the defense is outnumbered and does not have time to set up.
Field goal:
A basket scored on any shot other than a free throw, worth two or three points depending on the
distance of the attempt from the basket.
Flagrant foul:
Unnecessary or excessive contact against an opponent.
Forward:
An offensive position played to the sides of the basket near the key area and out toward the sideline
along the baseline.
Foul (also referred to as personal foul):
A violation resulting from illegal contact with an opposing player.
Foul line:
See Free-throw line.
Foul shot:
See Free-throw.

Free throw:
An unguarded shot taken from behind the free-throw line after a foul. If successful, the shot counts
one point.
Free-throw lane:
Also called the key or lane; a 12-foot wide area extending from the baseline to the free-throw
line. Players may not be in this area during a free-throw attempt.
Free-throw line:
A 12-foot-long line that is parallel to and 15 feet from the backboard.
Free-throw line extended:
An imaginary line drawn from the free-throw line to the sideline to determine the location for certain
plays.
Front court:
The half of the court (divided by the center line) that contains the offensive teams basket; the
offensive half of the court.
Fullcourt press:
A defensive tactic in which a team guards the opponents closely the full length of the court.
Game clock:
Shows how much time remains in each quarters or halves of games.
Guard:
An offensive position played primarily at the perimeter, or away from the basket.
Guarding:
The act of following an opponent around the court to prevent him from getting close to the basket,
taking an open shot or making easy an pass, while avoiding illegal contact.
Half-court or set offense:
When a team takes the time to develop a play in its frontcourt, such as the give-and-go or a
screening play; opposite of fast break.
Held ball:
Formerly called a jump ball. When two players on opposite teams are in joint control of the ball.
Help Side:
The half of the court from the middle to the sideline opposite to where the ball is currently located.
Hesitation Dribble:
A dribbling action with a change-of-pace intended to confuse and/or freeze the defender. The basic
action is a stutter step in which the dribbler momentarily slows his or her pace and speed.
High percentage shot:
A shot that is likely to go in the basket, such as a layup.
High post:
An imaginary area outside either side of the foul lane at the elbow / free-throw line extended area.
Inbounds:
The area within the baselines and sidelines of the court; also the act of bringing the ball into this area
by means of a throw-in.
Incidental contact:
Minor contact usually overlooked by officials.
Inside shooting:
Shots taken by a player near or under the basket.
Intentional foul:
A personal foul that the official judges to be premeditated.
In the paint:
In the key area, so named because this area of the floor is painted.
Jump ball:
The procedure for starting play at the beginning of a game or an overtime period. The official tosses

the ball into the air between the two opponents positioned at the center-court circle; the two players
jump up and try to tap the ball to a teammate.
Jump shot:
A shot that is released after the shooter has jumped into the air.
Jump stop:
A method used to come to a complete stop. Both feet must land simultaneously either parallel or
staggered in order for it to be a jump stop.
Key:
Also called the free-throw lane or lane; the area measuring 12 feet in width and extending from
the free-throw line to the end line.
Layup or layin:
A shot taken close to the basket that is usually banked off the backboard towards the basket.
Loose ball:
A ball that is alive but not in the possession of either team.
Low post:
An imaginary area outside either side of the foul lane close to the basket.
Lower percentage shot:
A shot that is less likely to go in the basket, such as one thrown by a player who is off balance or
outside his shooting range.
Man-to-man defense:
A team defense in which each player is assigned to guard a particular opponent.
Offense:
The team that has possession of the basketball. Also, a structured pattern of play that a team uses
while attempting to score.
Offensive rebound:
A rebound of a teams own missed shot.
Officials:
The referees who control the game, stop and start play, and impose penalties for violations and fouls.
One-and-one:
The bonus free-throw situation awarded for non-shooting fouls after the opposing team exceeds a
certain number of team fouls in a half. The person fouled shoots one free throw; if successful, the
shooter takes a second shot.
Out of bounds:
The area outside of and including the end lines and sidelines.
Outside shooting:
Shots taken from the perimeter.
Over-and-back violation:
A violation that occurs when the offensive team returns the ball into the backcourt once it has
positioned itself in the front court.
Overhead pass:
A two-handed pass thrown from above the forehead.
Overtime:
An extra period played to break a tie score at the end of a regulation game.
Palming:
See Carrying the ball.
Pass:
An intentional throw to a teammate.
Passer:
The player who passes the ball to a teammate.
Period:
Any quarter, half or overtime segment.

Perimeter:
The area beyond the foul circle away from the basket, including 3-point line, from which players take
long-range shots.
Personal foul:
Contact between players that may result in injury or provide one team with an unfair advantage;
players may not push, hold, trip, hack, elbow, restrain or charge into an opponent; these are also
counted as team fouls.
Pick:
See Screen or Screener
Pick and Roll:
A play in which an offensive player sets a pick for the dribbler, then cuts off that pick, or rolls,
toward the basket looking for a pass from the dribbler for a shot.
Pick-up games:
Impromptu games played among players who just met.
Pivot:
A footwork technique in which a player keeps one foot in contact with a spot on the floor while
moving the other foot to adjust the position of the body or to evade a defensive player.
Point guard:
An offensive position played by a guard who usually brings the ball up the court and initiates the
offense.
Possession:
To be holding or in control of the ball.
Possession arrow:
Used to determine which teams turn it is to inbounds the ball to begin a period or in a held ball
situation.
Post:
An offensive position played close to the basket along the key.
Press:
An aggressive defense that attempts to force the opponents to make errors by guarding them closely
from either half court, three-quarter court or full court.
Quadruple double:
A triple double with double-digits scored in 4 categories.
Rebound:
The act of gaining possession of the ball after a missed shot.
Run:
Occurs when one team scores several field goals in quick succession while its opponents score few or
none.
Scoring opportunity:
When a player gets open for a shot that is likely to score.
Screen or screener:
The offensive player who stands between a teammate and a defender to gives his teammate the
chance to take an open shot.
Scrimmage:
An unofficial game between two teams, or five-on-five play between team members in a practice
situation.
Shot clock:
A clock that limits the time a team with the ball has to shoot it; 24 seconds in the NBA; in college, 35
seconds for men, 30 seconds for women.
Shooter:
A player who takes a shot at the basket.
Shooters roll or shooters touch:
The ability to get even an inaccurate shot to bounce lightly off the rim and into the basket.

Shooting range:
The distance from which a player is likely to make his shots.
Sidelines:
2 boundary lines that run the length of the court.
Sixth man:
The best substitute on a team; usually the first player to come off the bench to replace a starter.
Slam dunk:
See dunk.
Squaring up:
When a players shoulders are facing the basket as he releases the ball for a shot; considered good
shooting position.
Substitute:
A player who comes into the game to replace a player on the court.
Swing man:
A player who can play both the guard and forward positions.
3-point play:
A made 2-point field goal in which the shooter was fouled, followed by a successful free-throw.
3 seconds:
A violation in which an offensive player remains within the key for more than three seconds at a time.
Team fouls:
Each personal foul committed by a player is also counted against his team; when a team goes over
the limit, its opponent is awarded free-throw opportunities.
Technical foul:
A foul that does not involve contact with an opponent; a foul that involves unsportsmanlike conduct
by a player, coach or non-player; or a contact foul committed by a player while the ball is dead.
Ten-second line:
The mid-court line over which the offensive team must advance the ball from the backcourt within 10
seconds to avoid a violation.
Three-point field goal:
A made basket from a distance greater than 19 feet and nine inches during a high school or college
game.
Three-on-two:
A common fastbreak situation in which three offensive players attempt to score on two defenders.
Timeout:
When play is temporarily suspended by an official or at the request of a team to respond to an injured
player or discuss strategy.
Transition:
The shift from offense to defense, and vice versa.
Traveling:
A violation occurring when a player with the ball takes a step without dribbling (moving the
established pivot foot).
Triple double:
When a player scores double-digits in 3 categories during one game (points, assists and rebounds are
most common, but it can also be blocks or steals); a sign of great versatility.
Triple Threat Position:
Triple threat is an offensive position a player can use who has not dribbled yet. The offensive player
stands with knees flexed, feet slightly wider than shoulder width, and both hands on the basketball.
From this position, the offensive player can either shoot, dribble, or pass to a teammate thereby
being a triple threat with the basketball.
Turnover:
A loss of possession of the ball by means of an error or violation.

Upset:
When a higher-seeded (better) team loses to a lower-seeded (inferior) one.
Violation:
An infringement of the rules thats not a foul. The penalty for a violation is the awarding of the ball to
the opponent.
Weakside:
The side of the court away from the ball.
Zone defense:
A team defense in which each player is responsible for defending an area of the court and the
opponents within that area.
Zone offense:
An offensive pattern of play designed to attack (score against) a particular zone defense.