Experiment:

Date:

Synthesis of Cyclohexene
Name

Partners

Katheryn Soto

N/A

11/5/15
Drawer No.

Course / Section

21

CHEM
315/204

Purpose:
The purpose of this experiment is to synthesize an organic alkene via dehydration of an organic alcohol using a
strong acid catalyst in an E1 elimination reaction. The identity of the final product will be confirmed via
measurement of the refractive index, IR spectroscopy, and a test for the presence of double bonds.

Experiment:

Date:

Synthesis of Cyclohexene
Name

Partners

Katheryn Soto

N/A

11/5/15
Drawer No.

Course / Section

21

CHEM
315/204

Approach:
Determine the mass of cyclohexanol reagent (C6H12O) by weighing. Compute the mass of 85.5% Phosphoric acid
catalyst (H2PO4). Compute the moles of each Cyclohexanol and 85.5% H2PO4. Set up the balanced stoichiometric
equation and determine the molar ratio of the reagents. Determine the limiting reagent. Calculate the theoretical
yield for the synthesis. Assemble simple distillation apparatus and initiate the reaction. Distill the reagents at
~95oC. Saturate the distillate with solid sodium chloride. Add 10% aqueous Sodium carbonate and test with litmus
paper until the distillate is basic (pH>7/blue test result). Wash and separate via liquid/liquid extraction. Dry
product with Anhydrous sodium sulfate. Perform a second simple distillation with the dried product. Determine
the mass of Cyclohexene by weighing. Calculate the percent yield for the reaction Measure the refractive index
using the Abbe refractometer. Compute the adjusted refractive index using the temperature correction factor.
Obtain and analyze an IR spectrum for the product. Test the product and the reagent for double bonds through the
addition of Bromine in Methylene Chloride solution, 1,2-Dimethyloxyethane, and Potassium permanganate.

References
Text

Pavia, D.L., Lampman, G.M., Kriz, G.S., Engel, .G.R., 2011, Introduction to Organic Laboratory
Techniques, A Small Scale Approach, GMU Edition, Chem 315/318, Cengage Learning: pp.179-183
Slayden, S., Stalick, W., Roth, R, 2014, Organic Chemistry Laboratory Manual, 2 nd Edition: Pearson
Custom Publishing: pp. 67-69
Solomons, T.W.G., Fryhle, C.B., Snyder, S.A., 2014, Organic Chemistry, 11th Edition: John Wiley & Sons
Incorporated: pp.303-308

Web Site URL

Dr Schornicks Website: http:/mason.gmu.edu/~jschorni/cyclohexene
SDBS Spectral Database for Organic Compounds: http://sdbs.db.aist.go.jp/sdbs/cgibin/direct_frame_top.cgi
Unknown or Synthesized Compound
Cyclohexene (Tetrahydrobenzene) 110-83-8, CRC Handbook of Chemistry & Physics, 84 th Edition, Lide,
D.R., Editor-in-chief, 2003-2004, CRC Press, 3-134, 2591

Experiment:

Date:

Synthesis of Cyclohexene

11/5/15

Name

Partners

Katheryn Soto

N/A

Proc # 1

Mass of Cyclohexanol
Materials

Vial
Cyclohexanol (approx.
10mL)

Results
Equipment

Electronic
balance (0.001)
Calculator

Desc:

Tare the balance

Determine the mass of reagent in vial.
Empty the vial into the distillation flask.
Determine the mass of the vial.
Calculate the mass of the reagent.

Equation Setup:
Mass reagent (g) = Mass reagent+vial (g) Mass
vial (g)

Mass Cyclohexanol
Mass vial
Mass vial + sample
Mass sample

Drawer No.

Course / Section

21

CHEM
315/204
Unk No.

21.154-12.625 =

12.625g
21.154g
8.528g

Experiment:

Date:

Synthesis of Cyclohexene

11/5/15

Name

Partners

Katheryn Soto

N/A

Proc # 2

Mass 85% Phosphoric acid

Materials

Vial 85.5%
Phosphoric acid
(approx. 2.5 mL)

Equipment

Graduated
cylinder
Calculator

Desc:

Calculate the mass of the reagent from

the volume and the density

Equation Setup:
Mass = Density (g/mL) * Vol (mL) * % comp.
(85.5%)

Drawer No.

Course / Section

21

CHEM
315/204

Results
Mass 85.5% H3PO4
Vol (mL)
Density (g/mL)
% Composition

2.4mL
1.71g/mL
85.5%

1.4mL * 1.71 * 0.855 =

3.51g

Experiment:

Date:

Synthesis of Cyclohexene

11/5/15

Name

Partners

Katheryn Soto

N/A

Proc # 3

Course / Section

21

CHEM
315/204

Moles Reagents

Results

Materials

Equipment

Calculator

Desc:

Drawer No.

Determine the moles of Cyclohexanol

from the mass and molecular weight.

Moles Cyclohexanol
Mass (g)
M.W. (g/mol)

8.528g
100.158g/mol

8.528 / 100.158 =

0.085145mol

Moles 85.5% H3PO4

Mass (g)
M.W. (g/mol)

3.51g
96.995g/mol

3.51 / 96.995 =

0.036187mol

Equation Setup:

Experiment:

Date:

Synthesis of Cyclohexene
Name

Partners

Katheryn Soto

N/A

Proc # 4

11/5/15
Drawer No.

Course / Section

21

CHEM
315/204

Molar Ratio: Synthesis of Cyclohexene

Stoichiometric Balanced Equation (Use Structural Formulas)

Molar Ratio

1 mol Cyclohexanol

1 mol Cyclohexene

1 : 1

Reaction Mechanism

1. Protonation of Hydroxyl group by

strong acid (slightly exothermic)
2. Formation of Carbocation/strong
electrophile by loss of an H2O
molecule (slow/rate determining
step- highly endothermic)
3. H2O acts as nucleophile (base) and
abstracts a beta proton from the
carbocation to form the alkene (fast
step -exothermic)
Overall reaction is slightly
endothermic. Under acidic
conditions at high temp.

Experiment:

Date:

Synthesis of Cyclohexene

11/5/15

Name

Partners

Katheryn Soto

N/A

Proc #5

Limiting Reagent

Course / Section

21

CHEM
315/204

Results

Materials

Drawer No.

Equipment

Calculator

Desc:

Compare the balanced stoichiometric

molar ratio for the synthesis reaction to the
experimental molar ratio

If the experimental ratio is less than the

stoichiometric ratio, the reagent in the
numerator is limiting

The limiting reagent determine the

maximum quantity of product that can be
produced in a reaction
Equation Setup:
Cyclohexanol + H2PO4 Cyclohexene

Molar Ratio
Stoichiometric
Experimental

1:1
N/A

Observations:

Because cyclohexanol is the only reagent

in the synthesis (H3PO4 only serves as a catalyst
and proton donor in the reaction is not a true
reagent) cyclohexanol is limiting and the moles
of cyclohexanol are equivalent to the theoretical
yield of cyclohexene.

Experiment:

Date:

Synthesis of Cyclohexene

11/5/15

Name

Partners

Katheryn Soto

N/A

Proc # 6

Theoretical Yield
Equipment

Calculator

Desc:

Course / Section

21

CHEM
315/204

Results

Materials

Drawer No.

Determine the maximum product possible

based on the stoichiometry of the reaction, the moles
of reactants available, and the limiting reagent

Equation Setup:
Where L.R = limiting reagent and M.W =molecular
weight:

Theoretical Yeild
Cyclohexanolol (mol)
Cyclohexene (mol)
M.W. C6H10 (g/mol)
M.W. H2O
0.085145 * 82.143 * 1 =
0.085145 * 18.02 * 1 =

0.085145mol
1
82.143g/mol
18.02g/mol
6.9941g
C6H10
1.5343g
H2O

Experiment:

Date:

Synthesis of Cyclohexene
Name

Partners

Katheryn Soto

N/A

Proc # 7

11/5/15

Theoretical Yield Summary Table

Balanced
Equation

1 Cyclohexanol

Molecular
100.158g/mol
Weight
Mass
(grams)
Moles

+ 1 H3PO4

Course / Section

21

CHEM
315/204

Results

Desc:

Drawer No.

Cyclohexanol is the only reagent in the

synthesis reaction therefore the moles of
cyclohexene expected is equal to the moles of
cyclohexanol used.

1 Cyclohexene

+ 1 H2O

96.995g/mol

82.143g/mol

18.02g/mol

8.528g

3.510g

6.9941g

1.5343g

0.08514mol

0.03619mol

0.08514mol

0.08514mol

Experiment:

Date:

Synthesis of Cyclohexene

11/5/15

Name

Partners

Katheryn Soto

N/A

Proc # 8

Simple Distillation
Materials

85.5%
Phosphoric acid
(approx. 2.5 mL)
Cyclohexanol
(approx. 10mL)
Teflon boiling
chip
Ice water bath

50mL
Distillation flask
25mL
receiving flask
Glass
funnel
Hot plate
Sand bath
Thermomet
er with adapter
Condenser
Distillation
head
Aluminum
plate
Aluminum
foil

Desc:

Course / Section

21

CHEM
315/204

Results
Equipment

Drawer No.

Assemble distillation apparatus.

Place approx. 10mL Cyclohexanol and
approx. 2.5 mL 85.5% H2PO4 into a 50mL
distillation flask using a glass funnel.

Swirl gently to combine reagents.

Add boiling Chip

Place 25mL receiving flask in ice water

bath

Begin water circulation

Heat mixture until distillation begins

(approx. 95-100oC)

Collect distillate until the mixture no

longer bubbles, or when the temperature
increases rapidly past 100oC.

Do not distill to dryness.

Equation Setup:

Observations:

Solution began to boil around 80oC.

Distillation began around 90oC and

remained at this temperature for the majority of
the distillation process.

Distillation was stopped when the

temperature rose to 95oC, remained there
briefly, and rapidly rose above 100oC.

Experiment:

Date:

Synthesis of Cyclohexene
Name

Partners

Katheryn Soto

N/A

11/5/15
Drawer No.

Course / Section

21

CHEM
315/204

Experiment:

Date:

Synthesis of Cyclohexene

11/5/15

Name

Partners

Katheryn Soto

N/A

Proc #9

Measure pH

Sodium
Chloride
10% Sodium
Carbonate aq
Litmus Paper

Course / Section

21

CHEM
315/204

Results

Materials

Drawer No.

Equipment

25mL
receiving flask with
distillate
Plastic
pipet

Desc:

Remove 25mL receiving flask from the

distillation apparatus

Saturate the distillate with NaCl by

adding small amounts and swirling the flask
gently

When saturated, add 10% Sodium

Carbonate aq to the solution.

Extract a few drops of the bottom

aqueous layer of the solution using a plastic
pipet.

Test with litmus paper (should read blue

for basicity).
Equation Setup:

Observations:

Upon the addition of 10% Sodium

Carbonate aq to the experimental solution, the
litmus test turned blue, indicating that the
solution is now basic (pH>7).

Complete neutralization required the

addition of several mL of NaCO3

Experiment:

Date:

Synthesis of Cyclohexene

11/5/15

Name

Partners

Katheryn Soto

N/A

Proc # 10

Liquid/Liquid Extraction

Materials

Neutralized
distillate

Equipment

25mL
Sepratory funnel
Glass
funnel
Glass
stopper
100mL
Beaker
50mL
Erlenmeyer flask

Desc:

Decant the neutralized distillate into a

sepratory funnel using a glass funnel

Remove glass funnel and stopper the

sepratory funnel

Allow distillate to settle and separate into

layers.

Drain bottom aqueous layer into a

100mL waste beaker

Through the top of the sepratory funnel,

pour the organic layer into a clean dry 50mL
Erlenmeyer flask.
Equation Setup:

Drawer No.

Course / Section

21

CHEM
315/204

Results
Observations:

The bottom aqueous layer was much

larger than the top organic layer containing the
cyclohexene product.

Experiment:

Date:

Synthesis of Cyclohexene

11/5/15

Name

Partners

Katheryn Soto

N/A

Proc # 11

Dry Product

Anhydrous
Sodium Sulfate

Course / Section

21

CHEM
315/204

Results

Materials

Drawer No.

Equipment

50mL
Beaker with
Cyclohexene

Desc:

Add small amounts of Anhydrous

Sodium Sulfate swirling occasionally until the
product appears clear (may require 10-15
minutes to achieve clearness)
Equation Setup:

Observations:

Product changed from cloudy to clear

when Anhydrous Sodium sulfate was added.

Experiment:

Date:

Synthesis of Cyclohexene

11/5/15

Name

Partners

Katheryn Soto

N/A

Proc #12

Simple distillation

Dried
Cyclohexanol
Teflon boiling
chip
Ice bath

Course / Section

21

CHEM
315/204

Results

Materials

Drawer No.

Equipment

25mL
Distillation flask
25mL
receiving flask
Glass
funnel
Hot plate
Sand bath
Thermomet
er with adapter
Condenser
Distillation
head
Aluminum
plate
Aluminum
foil
Vial with
cap

Desc:

Clean, dry, and reassemble the

distillation apparatus.

Slowly decant the dried product from the

50mL beaker into a 25mL distillation flask

Place the 25mL receiving flask in an ice

water bath.

Begin water flow through the condenser.

Heat the sample and collect distillate

between 80-86oC (2-3 degrees before and after
the boiling point of the compound)
Equation Setup:

Observations:

Second distillation was not carried out, as

the volume of product synthesized was too small
and risked total evaporation.

Experiment:

Date:

Synthesis of Cyclohexene

11/5/15

Name

Partners

Katheryn Soto

N/A

Proc #13

Mass Cyclohexene

Cyclohexanol

Course / Section

21

CHEM
315/204

Results

Materials

Drawer No.

Equipment

Calculator
Electronic
balance (0.001)
Glass
funnel

Desc:

Tare the balance.

Determine the mass of the empty vial

with cap.

Dispense distillate into the vial using

glass funnel and seal.

Determine the mass of the compound in

the vial
Equation Setup:
Mass reagent (g) = Mass reagent+vial (g) Mass
vial (g)

Mass Cyclohexene
Mass vial
Mass vial + sample
Mass sample

14.248 12.626

12.626g
14.248g
1.622g

Experiment:

Date:

Synthesis of Cyclohexene

11/5/15

Name

Partners

Katheryn Soto

N/A

Proc # 14

Percent Yield

Course / Section

21

CHEM
315/204

Results

Materials

Drawer No.

Equipment

Calculator

Desc:

Provides a measure of efficiency for the

reaction by comparing the ratio of experimental
product yielded and the theoretically expected
product yields.
Equation Setup:

Percent Yeild
Experimental Yield
Theoretical Yield

6.9941g
1.622g

( 1.622 / 6.9941 ) * 100 =

23.19%

Experiment:

Date:

Synthesis of Cyclohexene

11/5/15

Name

Partners

Katheryn Soto

N/A

Proc # 15

Refractive index

Cyclohexene
product
Tissue
Alcohol
Dropper

Equipment

Abbe
refractometer (
0.0002)

Desc:

Note and record the temperature of the

room

Carefully clean the prisms of the Abbe

refractometer with a tissue moistened with
alcohol.

Add a small amount of the compound

between the prisms.

Gently close the prisms.

Flip the switch on the left of the

instrument up to turn on the Sodium-D lamp
and adjust it into position.

Use the adjustment knob at the right of

the instrument so the crosshairs intersect with
the horizontal dividing line of the visual field.

Adjust the drum knob at the front of the

instrument to sharpen the horizontal line if
chromatic aberration occurs.

Press down on the switch on the left of

the instrument to display the refractive index
scale

Read and record the refractive index to

four decimal places.

Repeat this measurement and record a

second reading.
Equation Setup:

Course / Section

21

CHEM
315/204

Results

Materials

Drawer No.

Unk No.

Room temperature: 23.0oC

Cyclohexene
1st ND
2nd ND
Avg ND:

1.4452
1.4458
1.4455

Experiment:

Date:

Synthesis of Cyclohexene

11/5/15

Name

Partners

Katheryn Soto

N/A

Proc # 16

Drawer No.

Course / Section

21

CHEM
315/204

Temperature Correction Factor

Materials

Equipment

Calculator

Desc:

Adjusts the measured value of the

refractive index (ND) obtained using the Abbe
refractometer to standard temperature of 20oC.

Refractive index is both wavelength and

temperature dependent for a given compound.

Temperature and density are inversely

related.

Density and the velocity of light are

inversely related.

As temperature increases, density

decreases and velocity of light increases.

Refractive index decreases as

temperature increases.
Equation Setup:
Refractive Index (n) the ratio of the velocity of
light in the air to the velocity of light in the medium
being measured (Pavia, pp845)
For temperatures >20oC add the temperature
correction factor
ND20 = NDRm Temp + (Room Temp - 20)* 0.00045
Where N represents the refractive index reading.
The superscript indicates the temperature at which
the measurement was read. The subscript indicates
the light source utilized.

Results
Room temp = 23.0oC
Cyclohexene
ND20 = NDRm Temp + (Room Temp - 20)* 0.00045
ND20 = 1.445 + (23-20) * 0.00045
ND20 = 1.4469

Experiment:

Date:

Synthesis of Cyclohexene

11/5/15

Name

Partners

Katheryn Soto

N/A

Proc #17

IR Spectroscopy

Course / Section

21

CHEM
315/204

Results

Materials

Drawer No.

Equipment

2 NaCl plates
IR
(salt plate
Spectrometer

Cyclohexene
product

Acetone

KBR (potassium
bromide) pellet

chemwipe
Desc:

Place 1-2 drops of sample between 2 salt

plates

Place salt plate sandwich in plate holder

and inset into beam slot of the IR Spectrometer.

Check with professor to make sure

background has been scanned.

Select appropriate memory location (X,

Y, or Z)

Press scan button. Make sure the

number of scans indicates 4.

Press execute button.

If absorption does not read properly,

remove salt plate and try again using a smaller
amount of the unknown sample.

Run and record a second trial

Press plot button to produce graph.

Remove cell holder and disassemble the

apparatus.

Clean the salt plate with acetone and dry

with chem wipe

Place salt plates in desiccator to dry.

Equation Setup:

IR Spectral Analysis:

Saturated Alkane CH stretch

(CH2)<3000cm-1

Unsaturated Alkene CH stretch >3000cm1

CH2 bending absorption at 1450cm-1

Weak C=C Alkene absorption at 1650cm-

Out of Plane CH bending absorption

between 650-1000cm-1
Broad strong OH absorption at 3400cm-1

Experiment:

Date:

Synthesis of Cyclohexene

11/5/15

Name

Partners

Katheryn Soto

N/A

Proc #18

Double Bond Test

Equipment

Cyclohexanol
4 small test

tubes
Cyclohexene

Test tube
product

rack
Bromine in

4 droppers
Methylene Chloride
solution

1,2Dimethyloxyethane

Potassium
permanganate
Desc:

Using a clean dropper, place 5 drops of

Cyclohexanol into two small test tubes

Using a clean dropper, place 5 drops of

Cyclohexene into two small test tubes

Add 10 drops of Bromine in Methylene

Chloride solution to one of the test tubes
containing Cyclohexanol.

Repeat with one of the test tubes

containing Cyclohexene.

If the solution becomes colorless (the red

is discharged from the solution), the double
bond has been broken and replaced by two
bromine molecules.

To the other two test tubes, add approx.

0.3mL of 1,2-Dimethyloxyethane.

Add 10 drops of Potassium

permanganate to each of the two test tubes.

If a brown precipitate appears, the

cyclohexene has been oxidized (double bond
broken) and converted to an alcohol and
permanganate has been reduced to manganese
dioxide.
Equation Setup:
Br2 in Methylene Chloride

Course / Section

21

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Results

Materials

Drawer No.

Observations:

Due to the small volume of distillate

collected, only the Bromine in Methlyene
Chloride double bond test was carried out and
compared with the cyclohexanol reagent to
verify the presence of double bonds.

Bromine in Methylene Chloride was

reddish brown in color.

Less than 10 drops were used to perform

the test, as the volume of distillate was so small.

When added to the colorless cyclohexene

the color of the Br in CH2Cl2 dissipated,
indicating the presence of double bonds.

When added to cyclohexanol, the red

color was retained indicating that no double
bonds are present.

Experiment:

Date:

Synthesis of Cyclohexene
Name

Partners

Katheryn Soto

N/A

KMnO4

11/5/15
Drawer No.

Course / Section

21

CHEM
315/204

Experiment:

Date:

Synthesis of Cyclohexene
Name

Partners

Katheryn Soto

N/A

11/5/15
Drawer No.

Course / Section

21

CHEM
315/204

Summary of Results:
The mass of Cyclohexanol was 8.528 g. The mass of Phosphoric acid was 3.51g. The moles of
Cyclohexanol used were 0.085145mol. The moles of Phosphoric acid used were 0.036187mol. The molar
ratio of Cyclohexanol: Phosphoric acid from the balanced stoichiometric equation was 1:1. The theoretical
yield for the synthesis reaction was 6.9941g of Cyclohexene and 1.5343g of H2O. The mass of Cyclohexene
synthesized was 1.622g. The percent yield for the reaction was 23.19%. The raw refractive index of the
final product was 1.4455D23. The refractive index value calculated to correct for temperature was 1.4469D20.
The IR spectrum obtained showed the following principal absorptions: Saturated alkane CH stretch
<3000cm-1, Unsaturated alkene CH stretch <3000cm-1, CH2 bending absorption at 1450cm-1, C=C alkene
absorption at 1650cm-1, and out of plane CH bending at 1000-650cm-1. An additional broad strong
absorption was shown around 3400cm-1. The Br2 in Methylene Chloride test was positive.

Experiment:

Date:

Synthesis of Cyclohexene
Name

Partners

Katheryn Soto

N/A

11/5/15
Drawer No.

Course / Section

21

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315/204

Analysis & Conclusions:

In the synthesis of Cyclohexene, is the only reagent. In the synthesis reaction, the role of H2PO4 along
with heat is merely to serve as a source of protons for the protonation of the hydroxyl group of
Cyclohexanol and to catalyze the reaction, not to serve as a true reagent. As such, Cyclohexanol is the
limiting reagent the theoretical yield of Cyclohexene in moles was equal to the number of moles of
Cyclohexanol used, and a maximum product yield of 6.9941g of Cyclohexene and 1.5343g of H2O was
anticipated. The reaction was initiated and simple distillation was carried out. The reaction mixture
was distilled at 90oC and ceased when the temperature rose rapidly over this temperature. Because the
reaction is an equilibrium reaction, heating the mixture shifts the equilibrium towards the formation of
the alkene product.
The distillate was then neutralized by the addition of an aqueous base (10% Sodium Carbonate) until
the pH of the mixture was verified as such by Litmus test. NaCl was then added to the distillate to
reduce the solubility of Cyclohexene in any remaining acid and water by-products that might have
been co-distilled. This caused the distillate to separate into layers, with the aqueous phase settling to
the bottom of the sepratory funnel, and the less dense cyclohexene product rising to the top. The
organic layer was then dried with Anhydrous Sodium Sulfate to remove residual H 2O from the
product. Although careful laboratory practices were used throughout this process, the volume of
product that resulted after these procedures was very small (1.622g, representing 23.19% of the
theoretical yield). In the interest of conserving what little product remained, the second distillation was
not performed, as distilling such a small volume of compound is more likely result in total evaporation
rather than a significant isolation of purified product.
Regardless, IR spectrum for the product was obtained and analyzed to determine if first distillation
resulted in a product that was pure enough to carry out the remainder of the experiment. The majority
of spectrum absorptions were found visually consistent with the absorptions shown for a standard IR
spectrum of Cyclohexene obtained from the SDBS website. The spectra for the product showed a
broad, strong OH absorption at 3400cm-1 that was not consistent with the standard spectrum. This
was likely due to residual H2O or Cyclohexanol. This could be controlled for by performing the second
simple distillation procedure to further purify the product.
Finally, the compound was tested with Br2 in Methylene Chloride. When added to the product, the red
color of the Br2 did not persist, indicating the presence of double bonds. The second confirmatory test
with KMnO4 was not carried out due to the small volume of product. Some of the potential errors of
this experiment include the thermal inefficiency of the distillation apparatus, and errored temperature
readings of the thermometer. Using fractional distillation rather than multiple simple distillations
could aid in increasing the yield. Additionally, the yield could be maximized by the addition of a
compound with a higher boiling point (such as toluene) to help push more of the product towards the
receiving flask. Although this adds an additional impurity to the reaction mixture, more of the desired
product would distill.

Experiment:

Date:

Synthesis of Cyclohexene
Name

Partners

Katheryn Soto

N/A

11/5/15
Drawer No.

Course / Section

21

CHEM
315/204

Literature Summary (Unknowns, Synthesized Compounds)

Unknown No.
CAS No.
Name (IUPAC)

110-83-8
Cyclohexene
Tetrahydrobenzene

Synonyms

Melting Point
(oC)

Lit -103.5oC
Exp

Lit
Exp

Lit
Exp

Lit
Exp

Boiling Point
(oC)

Lit 82.9oC
Exp

Lit
Exp

Lit
Exp

Lit
Exp

Lit
Exp

Lit
Exp

Lit
Exp

Refractive Index Lit 1.446520

(nD20)
Exp
Solubility
(Rel to Water)

Lit insoluble
Exp

Lit
Exp

Lit
Exp

Lit
Exp

Density
Rel to Water

Lit 0.811020g/cm-3
Exp

Lit
Exp

Lit
Exp

Lit
Exp

Molecular
Formula

Structural
Formula

C6H10