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St.

Hendrikus Catholic Senior High School Surabaya


XII Grade English Hand-out Functional Text

Name: _________________________ Class / No: ________ / ____

Adverb Clauses
Adverb clauses are clauses that function as adverbs. Since they are dependent clauses, they must have a
subordinating conjunction to connect them to the other clause. Subordinating conjunctions can be arranged
according to the purpose of the clause they begin. Here are some examples of subordinating conjunctions:

Time: after, when, until, soon, before, once, while, as soon as, whenever, by the time
Condition: if, whether or not, provided, in case, unless, even if, in the event
Cause, reason, purpose: because, as, since, so, in order that, now that, so that
Contrast, concession: though, although, while, whereas, even though, even if
Place: where, wherever
Manner: as, as if
Comparison: as, than
Result: sothat, suchthat

Most of the time, an adverb clause will be separated from the other clause with a comma. Here are a few
examples of sentences with and without commas:

Whether you like it or not, you have to go. (The adverb clause Whether you like it or not puts a
condition on the action.)
She enjoyed the party more than he did. (The adverb clause than he did modifies the adverb
more.)
Please remember, if you can, to meet me tomorrow at nine. (The adverb clause if you can gives
condition on the action.

There are some conjunctions which are always preceded by commas: although, even though, though, even if,
no matter if, as (cause), since (cause), whereas, while (contrast).
Functions of Adverbs
Since adverb clauses function as adverbs, lets look at the functions of adverbs. Adverbs modify verbs,
adjectives, and other adverbs. They tell why, when, where, how, how much, and how often an action
occurs. They can begin a sentence that is a question, and give more information. Here are some examples
according to what the adverb is modifying:

Verbs: We eat pizza weekly. She watched the wild animal carefully.
Adjectives: That is a very nice person. The dog is extremely hyperactive.
Adverbs: She sings quite beautifully. My dog is almost always starving.

Examples of Adverb Clauses


Adverb clauses can modify by telling the place, time, cause, and purpose of an action. They can also show
concession and condition. Basically they answer the questions: Where?, when?, why?, and under what
conditions? Here are some examples with the adverb clause underlined:
Place: Wherever there is music, people will often dance. Lets go to the room where they asked us
to wait.
Time: After the chores are done, we will eat ice cream. When the clock strikes midnight, she has to
leave.
Cause: She passed the course because she worked hard. Since he has long hair, he wears a ponytail.
Purpose: So that he would not ruin the carpet, he took off his shoes. He ate vegetables in order to
stay healthy.
Concession: Even though you are 13, you cant go to that movie. Although you gave it your best,
you did not win the match.
Condition: If you save some money, you can buy a new game. Unless you hurry, you will be late
for school.
Manner: I will do as I have been instructed. He acted as if he owned the place.
Comparison: I dont swim as well as he does. However, I swim better than she does.

Result: The book was so interesting that I read it in one evening. It was such an interesting book
thatAs
I read
it in
one evening.
you
look
at the types of adverbial clause / adverb
clause on top, you see that if is used as the conjunction.
It means, Conditional sentence or If clause is also Adverb
Clause.

Try this exercise


A. Identifying Adverb Clauses. Underline the adverb clause in each sentence and write which type of
adverb clause it is.
Example: As we approached the intersection, we saw the Nelsons' car. (Adverb of time)
1. When I delivered the newspaper, I saw Mrs. Sampson at the window.
2. Because that clerk was so helpful, I praised her to the store manager.
3. You may play outside until it is dark.
4. Vince becomes nervous when he speaks in public.
5. Please visit us whenever you are in the Chicago area.
6. Nero fiddled while Rome burned.
7. You may have piano lessons if you will practice an hour a day.
8. If the jacket is too big for you, I can alter it.
9. Mother took a nap while Amy and I went bicycling.
10. Phone us when you arrive in town.

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