Sometimes in engineering practice a test specimen is reconsolidated in the laboratory

under K0 conditions so as to reinstate the estimated in situ stresses.

The predicted finger size and velocity are in close agreement with the experimental
results.
Water leaving the sample during shear indicates a volume decrease, and vice versa.
The differences are usually attributed to difficulties in precise measurement of
ultimate void ratios as well as non-uniform stress distributions in the test specimens.
g is the acceleration due to gravity.
We hypothesize that no instabilities will occur during the initial stages of the
infiltration process when capillary forces are dominant.
The numbers 4/16, 7/16, and 5/16 are the fractions of the total tosses resulting in 0, 1,
and 2 heads, respectively.
This is analogous to the behavior described earlier for sands: normally consolidated
clays behave similarly to loose sands, whereas overconsolidated clays behave like
dense sands.
As mentioned earlier, the value of c for normally consolidated non-cemented clays is
very small and can be neglected for practical work.
As the name implies, the test specimen is first consolidated (drainage valves open,
obviously) under the desired consolidation stresses.
Thus this test can either be a total or an effective stress test.
Because volume changes are prevented, the tendency towards volume change induces
a pressure in the pore water.
In our discussion so far, we have tacitly assumed that the Mohr-Coulomb strength
parameters in terms of effective stresses determined by CU tests with pore water
pressure measurements would be the same as those determined by CD tests.

It is necessary in engineering practice to be able to estimate just how much excess

pore water pressure develops in undrained loading due to a given set of stress
changes.
The dynamical conditions of a free vortex motion are quite different from those
pertaining to a forced vortex motion.
By definition, the viscous shear stress of a Newtonian fluid is equal to the product of
viscosity and velocity gradient. Thus, the shear stress in a flow depends on both the
fluid viscosity and the spatial variation of flow velocity.
But the circulation around the curve which is composed of the same fluid particles
remains invariant with time, provided that the fluid is hom ogenous and frictionless.
Pipe should conform to the ground slope insofar as possible for minimum excavation.
The net rain rate is a fraction of the gross rain rate, I, and the fraction is C.
Culverts and bridges carry the roadway over a stream, and the distinction between the
two types of structures is mainly on the basis of size.
Moreover, the Cauchy-Riemann equations stipulate that in a two-dimensional
irrotational flow the rate of change of in one direction equals the rate of in an
orthogonal direction.
The flow is undisturbed at section 1 upstream from the propeller and is accelerated as
it approaches the propeller, owing to the reduced pressure on its upstream side.
Usually the money estimates need to be placed on a comparable basis by appropriate
conversions that make use of the mathematics of compound interest.
In general, the surface of a body will contain portions parallel to and normal to the
upstream flow, as well as any direction in between.
As shown in the lower portion of the figure, the pressure decreases from the va`ue p0,
rises at the propeller, and then drops to p0 again.