Management of Organizations

Definitions, Concepts and Objectives

ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT
Organization
..two or more people (comm) stoner
.. working together in a structured way (willingness to serve)
.. to achieve a specific goal or set of goals through a plan (common purpose)
.. implies structuring and integrating (in line with objectives) activities
.. people working or cooperating together in interdependent relationships
SMART Objective
Specific
Measurable
Attainable
Realistic
Time-bound
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Organization consist of:
Goal oriented arrangements, people with a purpose
Psychosocial systems, people interacting in groups
Technological systems, people using knowledge and techniques
an integration of structural activities, people working together in patterned relationships
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-- The study of organizations is an applied science because the resulting knowledge is relevant
to problem solving or decision making in ongoing enterprises or institutions
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>Increasing complexity of organizations
.. size of organization; number of interrelationships
.. science and technology; magnified trends towards specialization
.. other considerations (education, knowledge, and diversity of human participants; increasing
governmental role; change)
National plans
..MTDP
..PDP Laban
.. Land Use Plan
> Management Process
Planning
Organizing

Leading
Controlling
- Work of organization members and of using all available organizational resources
resources: human, equipment, finance, conections (social capital)
- achieving organizational goals
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Management (elements)
..toward objectives
~through people
~via techniques
~in an organization
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Management Process:
> PLANNING
..establishing goals and suitable course of action for achieving those goals
.. plans as guides by which
1. Organization obtains and commits the resources required to reach its
objectives
2. Performing activities consistent with the chosen objectives and procedures
3. Progress toward the objectives is monitored and measured corrective actions
if needed
> ORGANIZING
..process
.. arranging and allocating work, authority, and resources among an organization's
resources
.. to achieve the organization's goals
Organizational Structure - goals and measures
> LEADING
.. directing
.. influencing
.. motivating
.. employees to perform essential tasks
Importance of establishing proper atmosphere (working environment)
> CONTROLLING
.. ensuring actual activities conform with planned activities
.. main elements

1. Establishing standards of performance

2. Measuring current performance
3. Comparing performance to established standards
4. Taking corrective action if deviations are detected (negative connotation
among employees)
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Management Process
> Converting diverse resources of people, machines, material, money, time, and space into
useful enterprise
> Unrelated resources are integrated into a total system for objective accomplishment
"The art of management is based on a body of knowledge generated by..."
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Organization and Management
.. People collaborating with one another as an organization (human relationships)
Efficiency and Effectiveness
.. Efficiency:
"input-output" concept ability to minimize the use of resources (input) to achieve
organizational objectives (output doing things right)
.. Effectiveness
choosing right goals doing the right thing
Org Performance:
effectiveness + efficiency and participant satisfaction
"No amount of efficiency can make up for a lack of effectiveness.. effectiveness is the key to an
organizations success. Before we can focus on doing things efficiently, we need to be sure we
have found the right things to do."
Types of Managers
Management Level
First Line
Middle
Top
Functional and General
Management Level and Skills
- Technical
- Human

- Conceptual
Importance of these skills vary on the managers rank in the org
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Managerial roles
Interpersonal
Decisional
Informational
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Challenges to
MANAGEMENT
Vision
Ethics
Cultural Diversity
Others