Government College for Women, Kolar

Department of Botany
QUESTION BANK

(2015 2016)
SEMESTER IV: GYMNOSPERMS & EMBRYOLOGY OF ANGIOSPERMS

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Name of the Question & the Year of Appearance

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What are coralloid roots? Give example.

What is transfusion tissue? Mention its function.
Sketch the ovule of cycas.
What is manoxylic wood? Give example.
What is diploxylic condition? Give example.

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Describe the structure of pollen grain in Pinus.(2008; 2015)

Differentiate between bract scale and ovuliferous scale(2008)
Sketch the labeled structure of Pinus pollen grain.
Differentiate a simple pit from a bordered pit.
What is bar of Sanio?
What is torus?
What is Crassulae? Give example.
Describe the leaf spur of Pinus.
What is an ovuliferous scale? Give example.
Male gametophyte of Pinus(2009)
What is Trifoliar Spur?(2011; 2014)
What is winged pollen grain? (2013)
What is pollen chamber? Where it is present? (2013)

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Write a brief note on male flower of Gnetum (2008)

Write a neat labeled diagram of male flower of Gnetum (2014)
What is pavement tissue? Mention its role.(2009; 2014)
Differentiate haplochelic stomata from syndetochelic stomata.
What is cupule? Give example.
Differentiate pycnoxylic wood from monoxylic wood.(2015)
What is phellogen? Mention its role.
Mention any four uses of Gymnosperms.(2015)
Write any two differences between Gymnosperms and Angiosperms.
Write any two angiosperm characters in Gnetum.
Write any four xerophytic adaptations in a gymnosperm leaf.
What is soft wood? Mention its occurrence.
What is non-porous wood? Give example.
Give any 4 economic importance of Gymnosperms.(2015)
Describe the anatomy of Cycas leaflet.
Describe the structure and function of Corolloid roots.(2014)
Describe Cycas ovule.
Describe the male cone of Cycas.
Write a note on Megasporophyll of Cycas.(2015)
Write a note on Cycas rachis.
Describe the primary structure of Cycas stem

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Write a note on the anatomy of Pinus needle.

Describe the primary growth of Pinus stem.
Describe the wood anatomy of Pinus stem.
Ovuliferous scale. (2007;2012)
Describe the structure of male cone of Pinus.(2014)
Describe the structure of female cone of Pinus.(2011)
Write a note on Pinus mega sporangium/ovule
LS of mature ovule of Pinus . (2008)

Marks
2 Marks

5 Marks

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Write a note on the anatomy of Gnetum leaf.(2006)

Describe the anamolus growth of Gnetum stem.
Describe the anatomy of stem in Gnetum ula.
TS of stem in Gnetum(2008)
TS of young stem in Gnetum (2011;2012)
List out any four differences of gymnosperms with pteridophytes.(2009)
Define the following terms a) Totipotency b) Bars of Sanio c) Culture medium
d)Transfusion tissue (2009)
23. Any four angiospermic characters of Gnetum.(2015)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. Describe the reproductive structures of Cycas.(2014)
2. Describe the wood anatomy of Cycas stem.
3. Describe the anatomy of Cycas leaflet and give a note on its xerophytic
features.
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Marks

Describe male and female reproductive structures in Pinus(2008)

Describe secondary growth in Pinus stem(2007)
Describe the male and female cones of Pinus.
Describe the wood anatomy of Pinus.
Internal structure of Pinus needle and its xerophytic structures.(2012)

9. Discuss the affinities of Gnetum(2008)

10. Describe the Anatomy of Gnetum leaf. List out Angiosperm characters found
in Gnetum.(2014)
11. Describe the structure and morphology of Gnetum ovule and seed germination with
neat labeled diagrams(2007)
12. Describe the secondary growth in Gnetum stem with suitable diagrams.
13. Describe the reproductive structures of Gnetum.(2011)
14. Describe the male and female cones of Gnetum (2006; 2015)
15. Give a comparative morphological account of Pinus and Gnetum.
16. Give a comparative account of the Pinus leaf and Gnetum leaf.
UNIT - II
1. What is glandular tapetum?
2. What is amoeboid tapetum? (2014)
3. What are Ubisch bodies? Mention its role.
4. What is sporopollenin ? Mention its role.
5. What is pollenkit? Mention its role.
6. Differentiate callose from callus.
7. What is endothelial tapetum? Give example.
8. What is integumentary tapetum? Give example.
9. Write a brief note on Periplasmodium Tapetum.(2009; 2011)
10. What is tapetum? Mention its two types. (2007)
11. Define polyteny. Mention its occurrence.
12. What is endomitosis? Mention its significance.
13. What are massulae? Give example.
14. Sketch the structure of 3-celled pollen grain.(2006)
15. Sketch the structure of 2-celled pollen grain.
16. What is palynogram?
17. What is pollen embryosac? (2008)
18. Structure of pollinia. (2009)
19. What is NPC system? Mention its role.
20. What is Nemec phenomenon ? Give example(2015)
21. What is pollen embryosac?(2008)
22. What is endothecium? (2013)
23. What is polyspermy? (2013)

2 Marks

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24. What is palynology? Mention one application of palynology.(2014)

UNIT III
25. Draw a neat labeled diagram of orthotropous ovule(2009; 2011; 2012)
26. Define circinotropous ovule.(2008)
27. What is Amphitropous ovule.(2014)
28. Differentiate crassinucellate ovule from tenuinucellate ovule.(2006)
29. What is endothelium? Mention its role.
30. Differentiate endothecium from endothelium.
31. Differentiate endothecium from tapetum.
32. What is egg apparatus? Sketch it.
33. Mention of two functions of synergids.(2012)
34. What is coenomegaspore? Give example.
35. What is filiform apparatus? Mention its role.
36. What is tetrasporic embryo sac? Give example.(2007)
37. Explain eight celled embryo sac(2009)
38. Define tetrasporic type of embryo sac development. Give an example.(2011)
39. What is bisporic type of embryo sac development? Give example.(2015)
40. What is porogamy? Give example.
41. What is mesogamy? Give example.
42. What is chalozogamy? Give example.
43. Define double fertilization. Who discovered it?
44. What is syngamy?
45. What is triple fusion? Mention its role. (2007)
46. What is polyspermy?(2011)
47. Defferentiate between porogamy and mesogamy(2008; 2014; 2015)
48. What are x-bodies?
UNIT IV
49. What is endosperm? Mention its types.(2012)
50. What is helobial endosperm? Give example.
51. What is ruminate endosperm? Give example.(2011; 2014)
52. What are haustoria? Mention its role.
53. Sketch the labeled structure of the matured embryo of a dicot.
54. Define polyembryony. Mention its types.
55. Differentiate epicotyl from hypocotyl.
56. Differentiate plumule from radicle.
57. What is adventive polyembryony ?
58. What is integumentory polyembryony?
59. What is proembryo? Mention its sages in a dicot.
60. Differentiate xenia from metaxenia.
61. What is perisperm? Give example.
62. What is scutellum? Give example.
63. What are paramular bodies?
64. Define cleavage polyembryony.(2007; 2015)
65. What is parthenocorpy? Mention its role.
66. Mention any four causes of polyembryony(2008)
67. What is a suspensor cell?(2009)
68. What is obturator ? Where does it occur (2012).
69. Differentiate hypostase from epistase.
UNIT - V
70. What is somatic hybridization?(2007; 2015)
71. What is cybrid?
72. Describe callus tissue. (2007:2011)
73. Write any two practical applications of tissue culture.(2007)
74. Write the names of routinely used media in plant tissue culture.
75. What is redifferentiation and dedifferentiation?(2009)
76. Mention two advantages of pollen storage.
77. What is totipotency? Give its importance.(2014)

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Give the composition of MS medium.

Give the composition of White medium.
What are androphytes? Give example.
Give any two contributions of P. Maheshwari.
Give any two contributions of BGL Swamy.
What is cytokinesis and mention its types.(2015)
UNIT - II
1. Write a note on anther structure.
2. TS of young anther(2008; 2011)
3. Structure of antherwall.(2015)
4. Write a note on amoeboid or periplasmodial tapetum .
5. Write a note on secretory or glandular tapeteum.
6. Write a note on structure and types of microspore tetrads.(2012)
7. Write a note on male gametophyte development.
8. Briefly explain the pollen wall structure and composition.(2014)
9. Write a note on pollen embryo sacs.
10. Write a note on palynology.
11. Nuclear behavour of Tapetum.
12. Explain the Nemec phenomenon with examples(2006; 2012; 2014)
13. Briefly explain the functional role of Tapetum.
14. Palynogram (2009).

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UNIT III
15. Briefly describe any four types of orientation of ovules in angiosperms(2006)
16. Describe any two types of ovules.
17. Explain the structure and role of synergids in the process of fertilization
(2006; 2009)
18. Differences between Compylotropous and Amphitropous ovules.(2012)
19. Write a note on the structure and function of endothelium.
20. Megasporogenesis in Angiosperms(2011)
21. Write a note on Polygonum type of embryo sac structure development.
22. Describe the structure of a mature of embryo sac.
23. Write a note on bisporic embryo sac development in Allium.(2012)
24. Describe the embryo sac of Frittillaria.(2014)
25. Describe double fertilization.
26. Preferential Fertilization (2008; 2012)
27. Tetrasporic embryosac development.(2015)
28. List any four post fertilization changes in angiosperms.(2015)
UNIT IV
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Write note on cellular endosperm.

Write a note on nuclear endosperm.
Write a note on helobial endosperm(2007)
Write a note on ruminate endosperm.
Write a note on endosperm haustoria.
Write a note on Schnarfs classification.
Write a note on obturator(2009)
Dicot embryo(2009)
Write a note on embryo development in Capsella-bursa pastoris.
Write a note on monocot embryo development.(2007)
Write a note on parthenocarpy.
Write a note on the types and functional role of polyembryony.(2012)
Write a note on adventive polyembryony.
Cleavage polyembryony in Angiosperms.(2011)

UNIT V
43. Explain the roles of culture media and hormones in tissue culture(2006)

4 Marks

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Write a note on anther culture.(2007)

Write a note on somatic hybridization (2008; 2012)
Nutrient medium in Tissue culture.(2008; 2011; 2014)
What is culture media? Explain any one of the culture media.(2015)
Protoplast culture and its application. (2012)
Steps involved in Tissue culture technique (2009; 2014)
Techniques of tissue culture.(2015)
Embryology in relation to taxonomy with respect to Exocarpus (2008;2011)
Embryological evidences to separate Trapa from Onagraceae(2009)
Contributions of Prof. P. Maheshwari.(2014)

UNIT II
Describe the structure and development of an anther in angiosperms (2009).
Give an account of reproductive structures of the sporophytes in angiosperms
(2009).
Describe the development of Anther and structure of mature anther in
Angiosprem (2014)
Structure and functions of Tapetum (2012)
Define tapetum. Give an account on its structure, types and function.
Describe microsporogenisis in Angiosperms. Add a note on microspore tetrad.(2015)
Give an account of tapetum with regard to its structure, development and its
functional role in the formation of pollen grains.
Describe the structure of mature anther wall with neat labeled diagram(2007)
Describe the development of Anther and structure of mature anther in
Angiosperms.(2014)

UNIT III
10. Describe the development and structure of Allium type of embryo sac.(2008)
11. Describe the development and structure of Polygonum type of embryosac in
Angiosperms(2011).
12. Describe the structure of 7-celled embryosac. Add a note on the role of synergids
in fertilization.(2014)
13. Write the development of tetrasporic embryosac in Plumbago.
14. What is coenomegaspore? Write the embryosac development in Fritillaria
(2006)
15. Describe the development and structure of Bisporic type of female
gametophyte in angiosperms.(2009).
16. Define Double fertilization. Explain the process in angiosperms.(2009; 2014)
17. Give an account of Double fertilization and its importance in angiosperms. (2011)
18. Fertilization in Angiosperms. (2012)
19. Double fertilization and post fertilization changes in Angiosperms(2015)
20. Types of ovules in angiosperms.(2015)
UNIT IV
21. Describe endosperm in angiosperms(2006)
22. Give an account of the cellular and helobial type of endosperm in Angiosperms
(2008)
23. Describe Free Nuclear and Helobial type of Endosperm in Angiosperms.(2011)
24. Explain the structure and development of monocot embryo with neat labeled
diagrams(2008 ;2011; 2012)
25. Describe the structure and development of crucifer type of embryo with neat
labeled diagrams(2007).
26. Write an explanatory note on embryogeny in Capsella.(2014)
27. Explain the process of polyembryony in Angiosperms(2007; 2015)
28. With a neat labeled diagram explain the development and structure of dicot
Embryo(2015)
29. Parthenocarpy.(2015)

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UNIT - V
Write a note on the role of embryology in solving taxonomical problems.
Write a note on somatic hybridization and its functional role.
a) Embryological evidences to place Exocarpus under santalaceae
b) Explant (2012)
a) Nutrient Media & b) Anther culture (2013)
Describe : a) Totipotency & b) Practical applications of Embryology (2015)

MODEL QUESTION PAPER

IV Semester B.Sc Examination, May 2015
PAPER IV: GYMNOSPERMS & EMBRYOLOGY OF ANGIOSPERMS
Time 3 Hours

Max. Marks :70

Instructions:

1) Answer all questions

2) Write labeled diagrams wherever necessary.
A. Answer any ten of the following
1. What are corolloid roots? Give example.
2. What are Ubisch bodies? Mention its role
3. What is bar of Sanio?.
4. What is callus?
5. What is coenomegaspore? Give example.
6. Sketch the structure of 3- celled pollen grain .
7. Differentiate pycnoxylic wood from monoxylic wood.
8. What is polyspermy?
9. What is pavement tissue? Mention its role.
10. Define totipotency.
11. What is ruminate endosperm? Give example.
12. Sketch the structure of anatropous ovule.
B. Answer any four of the following

(10 x 2 = 20)

(4 x5= 20)

13. TS of young Gnetum stem.

14. Somatic hybridisation.
15. Describe Cycas ovule.
16. Double fertilization.
17. Pollen Tetrad.
18. BGL Swamy
C. Answer any three of the following
19. Describe the reproductive structures of Gnetum.
20. Structure and functions of Tapetum.
21. Describe the monosporic embryosac development with suitable sketches.
22. Describe wood anatomy of Pinus.

(3 x 10 = 30)

23. Describe: a) parthenocarpy & b) MS medium.

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Best Wishes to All my dear students

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From
P B Mallikharjuna, Ph. D
Associate Professor & Head
Govt. College for Women
KOLAR 563 101
04012016PBM