CHAPTER1

INTRODUCTIONTO
DYNAMICS

ChapterOutlines
1.0 Introductiontodynamics(3hours)
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4

HistoryandModernApplications.
BasicConceptsinKinematicsandKinetics,andFreeBodyDiagram.
NewtonsLaws,UnitsandDimensions.
MethodofProblemSolving.

LEARNINGOUTCOMES
Uponcompletionofthischapter,studentswillbeableto:
1. Understandandapplythebasicconceptsinkinematicsand
kinetics,andfreebodydiagram.
2. StateandapplytheNewtonsLaws,UnitsandDimensions.
3. Applythemethodofproblemsolving

1.0IntroductiontoDynamics
Mechanics

Particle/Rigid-body

Static
Equilibrium body

Deformable-body
(any body that changes its shape and/or
volume while being acted upon by any
kind of external force)

Dynamics
Accelerated motion
body

Kinematics
(Geometric aspect of
motion)

Kinetics
(Analysis of force
causing the motion)

Fluid
(Liquid/gas)

1.0IntroductiontoDynamics

DYNAMICS
Thebranchofmechanicsthatdealswiththe
motionofbodiesundertheactionofforces.

1.1 HistoryandModernApplications.
6500BC:Humanusingalogtomovesheavythings.
3500BC:Awoodenwheelcreatedforacartbysumerians.
673AC:FirstshipyardbuiltinEgypt.
1690AC:FirstbicycleinventedinFrancebyLivrac.
1800AC:Asteamlocomotivewasinvented.
1839AC:ArubbertireinventedinUSbyCharlesGoodyear.
1884AC:KarlBenzcreatedapetrolpoweredcar.
1904AC:FirstairplanefliedbyWrightbrothers.
1925AC:Dieselpoweredlocomotiveputonthetrack.

1.1 HistoryandModernApplications.
Almostallthebasicprinciplesinmathematics,scienceandtechnologyarestarted
bymuslim scholars.ItthenfurtherdevelopedbyEuropeanscientistandnew
equipmentsareinvented.
Ibnu Haitham inventedamagnifyinglenswhichhelpsincamerainvention.
AlKhazini studyaboutgravitywhichisthenenhancedbyIsaacNewton(1642
1727)
AlBattanicreatedagnomontoestimatethetime.
Nasiruddin AlTusi anastronomerinvolvedinbuildinganobservatorium in
azerbaijan.
Ibnu Yunus usingapendulumtomeasuretimeandfollowedbyGalileoGalilei
(15641642)600yearslater.
OthersareAlKhawarizmi,Umar khayyam,AlJabbar,Euler,DAlembert,Langrange,
Laplace,Poisont,Coriolis,Einstein,Pascaletc.

1.1 HistoryandModernApplications.
ModernApplications
Basictotheanalysisanddesignofmovingmechanismsorfixed
structuressubjectedtoshockloads.
Todesignroboticdevicesandmanipulators.
Tostudymovementofrockets,missiles,spacecraftandothertransport.
Todesignmachineryelementssuchasturbines,pumps,engines,gears,
machinetools,hoists,liftsetc.
Helpinfailureandaccidentanalysis.
Usedinsportengineeringstudytoincreasetheathletesperformance
Toenhancedcomfortandqualityoflife.

1.2 BasicConceptsinKinematicsandKinetics,andFreeBody
Diagram

KINEMATICS
This is the study of the geometry of motion. It describes the
motion of bodies without reference to the forces which either
cause the motion or are generated as a result of the motion.
It is used to relate position, velocity, acceleration, and time
without reference to the cause of the motion.

1.2 BasicConceptsinKinematicsandKinetics,andFreeBody
Diagram

KINETICS
This is the study of the relation existing between the forces
acting on a body, the mass distribution of the body, and the
motion of the body. It is used to predict the motion caused
by given forces or to determine the forces required to
produce a given motion.

1.2 BasicConceptsinKinematicsandKinetics,andFreeBody
Diagram

FREE BODY DIAGRAM

FBD is a diagram showing all the external forces acting on an
object, the force's direction and its magnitude. Drawing a free
body diagram can help determine the unknown forces on,
moments applied to, and equations of motion of, the body and
thus help to analyze a problem in statics or dynamics.

1.3 NewtonsLaws,UnitsandDimensions.

NEWTONSLAWSOFMOTION
SecondLaw:
FirstLaw:

Iftheresultantforceon
Aparticleoriginallyat theparticleisnotzero,
ThirdLaw:
rest,ormovingina
theparticleexperiences
Mutualforcesofaction
straightlineatconstant anaccelerationinthe
andreactionbetween
velocity,willremainin
samedirectionasthe
twoparticlesareequal,
thisstateiftheresultant resultantforce.This
opposite,andcollinear.
forceactingonthe
accelerationhasa
particleiszero.
magnitudeproportional
totheresultantforce.

1.3 NewtonsLaws,UnitsandDimensions.
UnitsandDimensions
Allphysicalquantitieshaveunits
SIunit
NewSIsystemisdividedinto3classes
ofunits
BaseUnits
SupplementaryUnits
Derivedunits
Prefixesareusedtorepresentlargeror
smallervalues.

1.4MethodofProblemsolving
ProblemAnalysis
Abilitytosolvetechnicalproblems(involvesacombinationofartand
science)
Theartofproblemsolvingisaskilldevelopedwithpractice.
Beforethesolutiontoanyproblemisundertaken,anumberof
importantideasmustbeconsidered.

1.4MethodofProblemsolving
Procedure/MethodForTheSolutionOfEngineeringProblems
GIVENStatebrieflyandconcisely(inyourownwords)theinformationgiven.
FINDStatetheinformationthatyouhavetofind.
DIAGRAMAdrawingshowingallquantitiesinvolvedshouldbeincluded.
BASICLAWSGiveappropriatemathematicalformulationofthebasiclawsthat
youconsidernecessarytosolvetheproblem.
ASSUMPTIONSListthesimplifyingassumptionsthatyoufeelareappropriatein
theproblem.

1.4MethodofProblemsolving
Procedure/MethodForTheSolutionOfEngineeringProblems
ANALYSISCarrythroughtheanalysistothepointwhereitisappropriateto
substitutenumericalvalues.
NUMBERSSubstitutenumericalvalues(usingaconsistentsetofunits)toobtain
anumericalanswer.Thesignificantfiguresintheanswershouldbeconsistent
withthegivendata.
CHECKChecktheanswerandtheassumptionsmadeinthesolutiontomakesure
theyarereasonable.Checktheunits,ifappropriate.
LABELLabeltheanswer(e.g.,underlineitorencloseitinabox).