lni:,istructure and Tourism Development

Manoj Dlrit

OURISM PRODUCT

irttpression develops their inrage

is a conplex
consumptive

experience ihat resuits

lrom a process where
tourists use mtltiple of
srvices ( infbrmation, relative prjces.
transportation, accommodation, and

The iourist destinatio[ product is

also better understood iu the conrexr

of conrparative and colllpetitire

advantag. Crouch and Ritchie

attractiol1 services (Gunn lq88).

The Indian

roa smi

dustry
did not hate it so good since
the ea y 1990s. Though the
Indian econor y has slowed,
it is still growing ldstet tha
the rcsl of the wo d- lfirh
Ihdian eco\omy grcwing
al around 5 pet cent pet
un, afld ise in disposable
incomes of Indians, an
inc rcas ing n am ber of people
going on holiday tips within
the countty and dbruad is
resulting i| the touism
indusrry gowing wingsThe potential fot India to
attracl toutists is urrlimited
and toarisu can play an
i nc rcas i ng ly b e n efic ial r o lc
in lhe Indian econoh,y in the
yeats to come

(1999), argued thar factor condirions

Tourist experiences are also shaped by

economic and political condilions and
structural features which conribDte lo
the nature ofrle destination producr.
MuQhy et al (2000) relared rhis type

are important detertninanls ol

altractiveness as tourists travel to a
destination to receive the destination

of product to a supplv ard dmand

Every element has been

analysis and described how thevarious

components o f lhe destination in teracr

categorised under core attraction and

srpporting element. The destination's
general inli$tructure services in this
category in fact. represnt one ofthe

with travelers during their trip.

The pioneer in acknowledging

most impo&nt factors. The tourism

phenomenon relies heavily on public
utilitis and infrastructural supporr.
Tourism planning and development
would not be possible withoul roads,
airpods, harbours, electriciq,, sewage,

the role of service infrasrructure in

creating a prodrct experience was

Smith (1994). He suggsted that

"service infrasiructure is housed

within the larger macro-environment
or physical plant of the dstination"
(Smith, 1994). He also stressed
the fact that the level, use, or lack
of infrastructure and technology

and potable water. The infrastructural

dirnension is thus, a necessary

element for tourism development
and the above factors are all basic
elements for attracting visilors to a

in a destination are also visible

and determioing fatures that can
enhance the visitors' trip experience.

deslination. Generally, infrastructure

has not been included in empiricrl
works because it is expected to be

Others who supported his views were

Choy (1992); Buharis (2000); and

Crouch and Ritchie (2000). They
summarized that tourists' overall

of

a destination after their visirarion

.and that infrastruoture rnay play an
impo ant role in that respect.

available at a destination and has

not been promoted as an attraction

The aulhor is th Directot Institute orTourism studies, univeniry of I-uctnofiimrni Elllmin-en

more than l0 books on
toukm and has coducted training programs tu capacity bsilding in rourism and hospitatiiy relared areas. He is on the adviso.y/
research boa.ds ofseveml univeNities for ioorism all acros India. He had widely havered
and ;as Adjuncr professor in the Univeciiy
ofScience & Technolog ofChina, Chensdu, pR ofChin

YOJANA Mav 20ls

thcror. Smilh (1994), ard Cronch

and Ritchic (1999) prolide a sood
theoretical treatment ol the role of
ser!ice nrFasnucture in creating a

lourism in!cstmeDt. lntcmational

airports and acconrnrodaiion roon1
srock is pdvate infrastrrchre. Road.
rail and seaports arc typically publlc

loLrrism product expericnce.

irfraslructure. lniiastructure such as

conventionceDn'esand nationalpatks
are public asseis provided tar social
ard cnviron ental policy objccriles.

i,,:,i:.r,
Tourism inirasrrtrclure is tlre
suppl) chain of nrnsPort. social
aud en!ironmenlrl inl-rastmctrre
collnborrring al x rcgional level to
creare ! dcstinnlioD inclLrdnlg:
\\l1icll
pro\ id.s rh. \ i\iror access iionr
inrernrrional and dorncstic sourcc
nrark.r\ Io dcslinxrions: and inclLrdes
l'nnt \ la t 1 I nl

r d s t t trc no-e

an?orls. lnntor ftrxds and rail.

rrrrrrrlrlrr( which ls
ol rooms to acconnnodale
visitors.nJ phlsical structurcs ibr
c\hibirioni. e\ ents and serviccs drat
attract \rsilors. This infiastructure
5o.n,/

Conde N^st ranked lndia amongst

thc top I0 iourist destiDalions.

lndia is probably rhe only couDtry

rhat offcrs !arious categorics of

rourisnr. These iDcltrde motrntains.
lbrests. history. advenlure huris .
rnedical rourism (nlcluding ayLneda
and other lbnns of lrrdian nledicatioos).

spiritual tourism. bcach touris (lndia

has the longest coxstliDe in thc East).

Lhe stock

includci hotels. convenli{m cenlres.

srad

iums. galleries and rourisl

precin.t! in

a desrinalion.

l: Iik)| ttnIuI tnli'dstrlkt rc

which is the Drturalestatc ofnatioral

pnrks.

ariDc parks and reseNcs,

incltrdillg \ isitor facilitics.
Colltharu!itc 1tllidst' lk

tLtr-e

\\ich

is lhe nenlork of rcgional. state and

Datioual kNrism organizatioDs that
market dcstinatioDs and distribute

Thc supply chain of lourisDr

inlrasiruclure and Prodrcl is
ilhLslratcd in Figure

l. This

loLuisN

irliastructure is primarily buill on

pri\ ate capital. wifi the private sector
conrribLrting 7li per ccnl ol total
ljisuru I: lotrrisD suPPl) (hnin

ti

r,.

t,I'

YOJANA May 2015

It has bcen said that dcslinati(nrs

Indin arc more dilcrsc than thc

couDtries clsewlrerc. EacL region ol

India has a unque culrrre. festivals/
dress. monu ental heritage and

Thc Indian tourisnr industry did

not havc it so good since rhe early
I990s. Though the lndian ccono'ny
has slo\\'ed. it is still gro!virg fastcr
than tlre rest otthe world. Wilh lndian
economy glowing at arotrnd 5 fcr
cenr perannum and

rise

disPosable

incomes of Indians. aD increasing

number of pcople gonrg on holiday
lrips within the couDtry and abroad
is resulting ilr Lhe tourislrl induslry
growing wings. Thc Porential ibr
lDd;a to atlracl totrisc is unlimited
and tourism can phy rn iDcreasingly
bcne6cial role in thc Indian econonry
in lhe years lo co'ne.
Despite the nunrerous Problems.

tourism induslry was lhe second_

largesr fbreign exchange earner lbr
IDdia. Tourism conlributcd 6.6 Per
cent ol India's GDP and crcated 19.5
millioniobs in 2012. The toralnumbcr
of iDbornd tourisls has 8ro\\'n at 16
per cent in the last fivc years and is
expccled to gro\v al l2 Per cent in
thc lcxl decadc. During 2013. tr.ivel

and torrisnl induslry contributed

Rs 61.160 crore to thc econo'ny.
Inlcrnational tourists account for a

litrle over 5 million visitors. while

domestic market is seen at Fore ihaD
500 nrillion.

The growth pattern suggesls lhat

IndiaD toirrism growrh is nol solely
based on foreign tourisl arrivals
alonc as due 10 global rcasons and
distur bances. lhis phcnoffenoD is
always .llTectcd adverscly. Howevcr.
domestic tourisnr has been grouing
in a settled way. l-airs and fesrivals
of lndia are continuous Phenomena.

Events like Kumbha in norlh dnd

onam and Mahamastakabhishcka in
lhe south are evcnls lhat lclch a lot
tolllisls almost cver! vcar.

ol

A look at dle Figurc-i willdcDote

explicilly thar despi!c potertial and
ab{ndance oI nann'al beauty. many
slatcs have lailed io dttract tourisnr
I

ikc nor th-.asrcrn stalcs. Lakshad\.rcep

Chhattiscarh not becausc oi'any

and

rcason othcr lhaD lack

of lotrrisnr

AccordiDg to Deloitte Touche.

(he Indian kmrism sccror is likelv to
gencrale nearly S'12.8 billion bv 2017
Destile lhe clrallengcs being lsced ir
lems ofa slo\ting economy. sltrggish

denrand and security concerns.

lhe counn'y was figlrlirg back and
tourisnr devclopmenrs were taking
placc. Despil; rhe deepeDing world
er:ononic crisis. India s economY
rcnrains in deccnt shapc and is slill
cxperienciog $nre of thc sn'ongest
qrorvth r ales irr the $'orld . Ihe Dcloiite

It is i_asl turning into ! \'olunrc

ganrc whcre. an c!er burgeoniDg
number ofparticip{nts arc pushnrg up

rcvenues ol induslry flayers (holels.

tour operators. airlincs. sh ippin g
lines. etc). This wijl r.sulr in grcaler
roonr occupancics and average roonr
rcrenues(ARRs) in the corntry. ARRs
have noved up and rooln occupancy
rxtes h.vc also shot uP.

Thus- lhc lourisrn sector is

cxpecrcd to perlban well ir tirrure

a intcresrirg
lbr long-terrn
opportunity
investlnenl
investors. Real;zing thc potential in

rnd thu induslry offers

India. intenrational and dornestic Lolel

chains werc rushmg io cash in on i{-

Annud Growth

is

-1.2

,001
2402.

2384164

200:l

2'126114

200,1

1157117

26.8

2005

l9t 86t0

l:t

2006

t0ul

508t504

2008

5282603

:l

The suddcn boonr in tourisn nr

13.5

tndia took the tourism industry bv

stonn forcing everyone lo lhink how

t4.l

to

5115692
20t1

4r109222

9.2

2012

657174s

.{.1

20tl
Sourcc: B reau ollmmigrerion,

rstain the growth. In fact- tourism

is a trillion dollar indusrry nlxktug it

onc of the largest forcign cxchangc
camers and geDerator ofemplovment

-2.2

2009

S. No.

Mcdical tourism was poiscd for rapid

developmcnt in tlrc luture and India
busy developing firsFclass lacilities to
atlract this muhi-billion dollar niche

( Der cent)

in tndia.

5.9

Accom odation. transPort

and

India

Figurt 3: Domc\tic and Forci:n Iouri\|. in lndix t2012_llr

20r3

2l)12

state/uT

241701

14111

t5.94

l2.l5 r 8
t0li46

23.67

2.

t07:r7952

t7518
791a22

l.

132241

5rl5

45 t 1407

17541

468,1527

0.54

21447099

It/6rll

21588106

-:t0.l8

9245ri9

l4B0

2t80l0l1

4t12

2t80l0l

Andanlan & Nicobar lslands

5.
6.

Bihar

15016530
469213

1_

L
9.
10.
12

238669

Delhi
Cuiatut

l'l

1234

t4

t.99

2i0tl95

,.30

t.90

12.48

9.18

274125t7

12.44

,4179021
6799242

l9
?o

51197209

).1

?4816051

450510
174r50
213002

7118027

4.8,1

-2.06

nD284

147t5:86

4\4219

5.95

-r7.20

78802

13642402

6084s

9.711

I1909

205

r60

45995

0..1-4

98010140

6t637lJ

lori5?811

858141

3{-1.

3l
32.
33.

34.
35.

8.r2
36

26it't89

81700556

0l

2rJ0l33
4t56343

140673

ll
63317

800

162
,1.36

751

1304

-0.71

32.14

98r714

5291r

l563rJ
9800115
I000277

19056143

141805

284088ir

359r

9052871

286l
Silknn

6.89

4784

5t

64249

29.

48

lr1177l
228100

Il,154l
680254

2U_

28 20

819947

44t1

26.
27.

2.64

202t5 []7
2629t51

l8

odi5ha

r582

4601

595159

25.

48l6lE

Lll

21.r5980

17

21-

3lJIt6

I | | .22

ri0r963

11417121

22

g'16922

16 60

18495139

14

l5

r52t02ti0

lll

558518
184r36840
361786
168381276
16R77129

r0!5047536

sourcc: Minislryollounsn,Cov.mmcntorlndia.Tonrisn

2489
647

t9

825

1.02

l.lig

-t9.41

l1.99

41.91

143?t62

5.89

42624
204071

576749
244232447
359586

11698

1.26

1990490

32.64

-0.98
r9.66
r2.04

t 1851

0.61

51.19

226511091

2054420

34.51

3.00

124555

1994r r28

976ri3

25.67

2t.57

l2 t96l0

25547100

t2.19

2.10

18263074

1145280443

r245210
19951026

1451370

26489

156t740
7840
1994495

l0298li{)

9.24

starkri's2013

YOIANA May

2015

'

Ft-recrcaiioo facilities arc the keY

colnponents of any major toLrrism
destin!rioo. Thc compeliliveness
of lhcse facilitics at a national
or intemational scale dclermines
whethcr they bccome valuable
assets for. or likely impcdiments lo.
at(racting visitors Lo a dcslination.
Plans for improvin-s rht olerall
atlraction oi a dcninarion need to
be based on dernilcd inlornration
highlightnrg rhc cu enl starc olsuch

bcfore travellnrg or roads. Moreover.

undisciplined driving nrakcs ]t even
more dangcrous. India lras one ofthe
highest rankings in road accidents.

Ilooghly Rivers. Thc Brahmapulra,

the B.rak River tlrc rivers in Goa. the
backwaters ir Kerala. inlandwalers n1
M mbai aDd llre delt:ric regions oithe

Aboul 28 per cenl of the route

Godavari-Krishna rivers. Bcsides the

organized opcrations by nrechanized

kilomcter 39 perceni of nnrning track

kilometer and4I per cent of total track
kilonrercr is elcctri6ed.

rivers and canals. Data of cargo and

passenger molemcnl in uDoqanized

lnland \\'rte r Trn nsporl

India has abour l'1.500 krn oI

navigable $aterlvays which comprises

ri!crs. canals. back$'atcrs. creeks.

lr is quil. ob\ ious IhrL India docs

only l2

nor |osscss good roads.

c.fl

etc. About 50

Pcr

corrcsponding 10

Dccl $,orld clnss criteria. This

i_ar

risur.l

tonDes

l.8l

oicargo

billion nnnre

was lransporlcd irr 2006-07 by lnlLlnd

roo less 1o anlnct intemalional

rourisrs. Entirc Eurofe loves lo lmvel
bv road tin lourisnr PUrposcs; but
l;dians havc m rhmk multrplL'tines

is

million

WaterTransport (lWT). Ils opemtions

are cufl'cn(ly restricted to r iew

strelches in thc Ganga Bhagirarhi

F(roign TouriilArrivah lron lbp l5 mrrkets (2013)

{Ntrmbers in Miltion and Percentage snrre)

S, NO

| 085 (15.58 n!r ccno

USA
LIK

0.259 (-1.72 per cenl)

0.:55

(l66 po'ccnt)

0.252 (3.62 pcr cent)

1.
E.

0.220

(1.l6 pe. cent)

0.175 (2.51 perccnt)

0.141 (2.05 per cent)

Share

4.927 (70.72

ollop l5 counlrics

ollidi.. Totrris

rigu.c5: Tourism RteiPts,

Rs

nillion.

cent)

Sratisrics 2011

(2009_2013)

:009
20.8

l0
20

ltl6

3.7
2'1.6
16.7

2l.ll

9,1487

r0767

20

t4.0

1131

7.1

40

Sorrce:Minisrr,y of Tourism, Goleflnncnr. Govemnlent of lndia' Markel Research

Dilision, To .ism Sraristics 201l

\OJANc

\.4a)

l0l5

Airportr in lndir
lndia has 46 airportsr fiowever,
theilj are not many which conncctwilh
thc rest ofthe counlry. Duc to this. thc
lrkcn tbrtrNellingbyair is manv
timcs more than whatis takenby tmin.
(ime

For examplc. ifonc wislrcs to travcl

l'o Agra to V.ranasi or Jaipur bv air.
he or she will lrave 1() go ro Dclhi beibrc

lf

India does not lake ad!antage

oftlris tourisn rcvohliorl, il\till havc

only hersell to blarne Wrtlr just a
Itw inilialives,lndia can really rake
benefits of this srnnise sector. The
lack of iniiaslructure is visible in all
scgmena oftotrrism bc it relatcd to
airporls. rail!vay. sltrlace transport.
accornmodation ttairled manpowcr.
shopping with case.llaveling in stvle.
medical tourism. tourism cd cation.
The tourism iodustry can maximiTc
lhe
infr.slruclue devcloprnenl palt
or
priorily ro rotrrisrrr tax
pro!iding
by

norNS for single window cleatance

for lbreigD investl]lents. crealnrg

4193

77591
').

and passengcrs are transported in the

nnorsanized sector !s well

incenlivcs lo pdvale seclor'. speciali/ed

US$ MiUion

thal substantial quantutn ol cargo

sustainablc developrnent norrns clc.

oflop l0 co0tries

Soui.e: \'linislry ofTourisnr. Corenn!cnr

t0

sector (i.e. bY counh'Y boats. clc.)

has nol becn coDrpilcd but it is a fact

boarding rny orher llight.

SriLon\J

Share

!essels. conntrY boats of !'arious

capacities also oPerate i, various

land, bank Iinancial assislance mainlv

long tenn loan on lc,w rale ofinleresl.
liee ffow of lbreign exclraDge in thc

coun(ry. invol!ing professionals rnd

lcss intedtrencc by bureaucrats or
free from red-tape. This is the riglrr

approach and onlY way to boosl

i!
).

around tourisl destiDations for

Num Der of Approv.t Horet.

rrA

,lr"itrrriIrr.,r

Horet Room, Duritrg 20t:l

at1

Proper attenrion rvoutd necd lo be

given ro rhe

to owing:
Desirn Codcs. Acsrhctics rrd
Anthropotnerrics. choicc of

materirls. Iabricarion. durability.

wcarherirg and nraiftenaDce_

. Signagcr Adequacy

l0tl8

.
.
.

and

Liucr,/recyctinc bins.
hrtbnnarion/waylind;Dg.

InfonnationandTouisl Faciliration/
CoDvenicnce Cenlrc

source:

Nl in

istr)

lbu

Slatlsln\ zrlrr

ris i, Covcrnmcnl or hrdia, Marl\er R".",

,rj<tur! 7:

Narbr!l
Major

ighwayslExpre$ways

ud odrq Discl,ic

lndi.r

r"1,

Dt;;; To;

Parkirg un;ts. includirrgparking lor

l{

Roads

i. States/Union Terrilorv

6i.590 km

\dnrif i!trdlron\ \houtd enrour.,S;

llce and ft(que l drsrnbuIoI uf

higfi qlllliry lou st maps, guides.
CDs. postcrs. rourisn catendars.
fald aDd like atong nraps; atso
!cry strong graphic displ.y to

RoJds

hrlp:r,,rvwN. jbeitorg,,jrdtrsr,.ytordyird ja.aspx

..
li,

Thechallen-se is to idcrr titi c ircuils hcarrcning

thar lhe Union Ministry
inrcgrarcd dcvetofnrerrt and setcct Tourhm (MOrt

of

pronrole I ndia,s ! ibrant and diveIse

1", trr,"a g,,ta-.li,,.,

centers wh.re laciliries to come tor touririrn ;nrru".,*.

i
tup^ in te.rns of popularity as in
a stales can create wortd class

infrastructuml delctopment

,r,,i"ri
t(nn.isnr

4.

nc(d.d.

lnd iJ r jnrrxsrr!.rure
trobtenrs
a11sc nol tusr frorn rrs inabilirv r.

crearc tircilities as has bcen seen in

the National Highways Dcretopmcnr

inclLrJrng

Equally fruslratins is lhe tailurc of

most imagcs of fiesc intrastructure
projeots to identify lhe Iasr nrinure
problems and fix them berbre thev

2.

become uDnranaseabte.

for r conlinent sizcd counlry. The

onl) siy ue can progress rr lnrPro\e
InirastrucrLrre dcfcienc!,.dnd I ilt wc
become proactive. our tourist arrivats
willstagnate at 5 or6 Driti;on o.ty. Il is

l0

co n

e r

a rrn

ib

ll

.r n

.]

o$ Inq

codal h'flnaJrties nnd rlresesho!t,l

programmes lor airport devetopnrenrs.

has nor bcen sldrted Jue ru n, ravailabilily of tand eveD aticr one
ycdr. rhr Inotcd \r be drofped
Jnd the lunds u itt be recutererl .r

State/UT Adm irr islration should. a\

lar as lrossrhte. cnrpt,ry drchrrc.rs.

Jandscrpe Jrchrrerl\

progr.tnmcs. raijway. expen s ive

Dcspire rhe higlr voltage of6cirt

"Incredible hrdia campaign.. ro scl thc
country as an alte.nalivc desrin:rrion.
the Tourist footfatls are rather modest

thc inrplemcntinC agcncy. tf a

projcct san!loncd b) rhe Mrnrstl",,

t\c righr oir(c ion.

l.

b;

liDded from rheir oun resources

EfTorts shoutd bc made bv ttc
Srarc/ LiT Adminisrration ro havc
one window clcarance ibr lourism

5. Waysidc amenitics should

shouU be nrade kr bnnscun\euencc

u rrh the JNNURM

6.

7.

Slates/U1' Adnr

in islr

atioDs shoutd

efforl to upgrltde rnd

strengthen cx istnrg iorrjst tacililies

partol rhe lonrism policy from

their own resourccs.
as a

States shouid creale atl weather

circulalion nerworks

Signages m Llst confbrDr to. as faras

possible, inremational code (Wor td
Tourism Organ;sat;on websites lbr
Sisnxses)

nrake

trrh:rn (li\ ir Anrclliiici

be

located afier about cvery 5okDls

on the lvay leadiDg to the rourisr
dcstinalions/ circuils.

While formulnring thc schcme\

undcr Mcga Desrinadon proiecls/
(ircurrs b) the Sl.res UTs. alrcnrpt\

Delailed proiecl reporr must mlke

clearlhat the tand is avaitabte with

financiat inliashrdure. SoDre

of this
erun,Ii. Lcr,nre.SuI\r'r]l.,.,ecr:re gurJetirflndi.arcrh. ourlines
r,rcrcr.:,r.ro\c

aptro tr.t. r. dtso

o-whee lers and park irrg tac ititics

the physica tly ;hallcnged.

ibr

and

connectivity including crearioD 01.

barier lree enviroDmcnt in and

8.

States should put in ptacc, as

fdas

possiblc. insritutionrt mechanism

lor manageDrent througtr ary

YOJANA May 2015

Route in Km
Bomd Cuage
l\'1eler

( 1.616

nnn)

Guiqe (1.000 nn

Na'ro$
Source

CLrase

Total Tack in

KIn

71,015

I3.412

11.487

(762 mm and 610 nnn)

hllD r11\,$

r! ibef.org/ind ustry/roads-

appropriare agcnc). of pu b lic

con\ cnicnccs aiier lnllo$ing cod.l

md

in.asp\

1:or operarlon and maintenance.

sccurily and cosl lhctor Thc con

fublic pri!ale parlncrshif

l,PP )

shoLrld rot generall) cxceed l0

pcr ccnr ol alloc.led budget o, a

Built Heritagc & Signrgcs

Climatir{lly Rciponsir

nnd

paricular schenre.

L Staies,L.nion Territorv

Yernacu h r ,\ r(hitcctr re

mode should he ercouraged

Adnrinislr iolls should tinlnularc.

as liras poss ble. a Comprehensive

I t:mphisis

3.

UNESCO

gLridelioes/

gen era I <h

(p://r\

hc. unesco.

I
l.
l.

Administrations should pul in

place sonre spproprinrc institutional
mechanism lirtinrely complerioDrnd

posi implemcnlalion maintenance

o1'rhe projec, dcsrination

YOJANA May 2015

Disc(,urige fb!nlains aDd such

trrsed clcmcnts nr areas with

Discourage lar-qe scale illuflrinatnnr

in xrcrs \ilh elc.rlicity shorlage

wilhoul co]npromising

secLrriry.

Ensrc lhit watcr strrce. requir.d

quanrity o{ raler and irrigrltion
syslenr arc a!a ilab le belore

.
.

. Promote
.

Usc of Indigenous spccics/ N.ri!e

species should hc cncoura-eed ln

c\tlolcd

and

tories should tl],

Bare mininnnn earth\!ork should

he resorled to by rctaining exisling
land pro6le as fir as possible.
R| iIn!.rer haNesting. ground water

rcchrrging and zcro discharge

should be adopred.

. App.opriatc designs Ior

rhc

bouDdary work should bc evolved

keepins in \ielv the aestheiics.

accessible'

Prcpnre and prescnt Drainlctrancc

Pl.n and nuiftenance budget to
hc presenled lbr 5 years to ensurc

sustdin.bility of proiects. This

should be funded through Stale

Llse ol traditn al methodolog! in

construction techniques il l-ound

,1 S6ks/Union Tc

nrairlenatrce pl3ns.

States/Union Tcrr itor)

SlnLcs/Union Tcrit(ries should:

*arcr

Loca I anrbience shon ld be reflected

in landscape \rilh the use ol local

appropriate. should be

should ha\]c sound financial and

5.

Hardscape

coinnref cing the projecr.

and NHAI guidelines (dircctional

slgnages) arc rcconnncDded to be

,1. lhe conser!arion and tourisnr

devclopnicnl plans of the Slates/
Llnion Terrilory Adnrinistrxtions

Ellirrrs should be made lin capaclty

brLilding ol all t(iurism perconnel

iiom the lVinislr] of Tourisrn

org/en/

r-or signages. UNwTO guidelioes

5.

CBSP Sch.nrc.

hafters lor World

Heritage Sltes nr partictrlarand lbr

othcr herirage siteslnonunrents iI

isn

. Nlininr.l use of

regarding localion. en\iir.( nrenr

inrplerrenlation strateg],. business

aDd

d es

and cont.\lual chrracterislics ol

l0 isr spols This coul.l be lirnded

consultrlions af d engagcnrenr

inte rational nornis

giverr on

Sol.ri lishrnr!anduscofrene$able
energ,," are encorLraged.

prifciplcs.

Nasle rranrgcNcnt. comtnunily

l. Srntcs/Un1oi Tcrritory
,\d nr in isrrations ay li)llow

Lre

rechnology. !ernicular

c o rr s

site rnterprculi{nr. salety,lirsl aid

rnd sc.urit!. uni\ ersal .ccess.

should

.\ xi able Locrl material rnil

signilicanee. dxnragc assessnrent.

crr rl ion. nt a n a genrcn t.

tourrs nr rrr lrr s I ru cl u re. tisli
assessmcnt (can ying capaciry).

bc rrade lo design
cllmaticall] rcsponsive and localion

sensiri\e rourisrrl !rchitectUft'

GDsellnlion ]\1xst.r Plan inclrLdins

rescrl'(lr. ili)cufr.ntatron. \.lue-

Aflenpls slxNld

Go!cmnrcnllUT Adminislralion

or

Public-private partnership.

Food Craft Institutes and Hotl

\lanngmeni lnstitutes

l.

Areas of furure erpansion should

be undertakcn but no auditoriunr
should be conslftrcted.

2.

Mastcr plrn ollhe whole coDlrlcx

should be planned.

3.

Landscape lor protecr should be on ly

to meet the essential requirements.

India s toudsm is at a threshold of

a quaDtumjump. However. shc has t{)
rcali7e that no couDnf is goiDg to wail

ll

for her ll ;s a cut throat competirion among alt de\reloping

nations as it isthebackborre of thcir econonry. Countries like
China.Thaila d, Malaysia and Indonesia are spendinghcavily
oo building lourism infrasr.octure so as ro aur.act more and
more: and they an successlirl in dreir efknrs. India. on the
other haDd. is stillseting its priorilies right.
To conchrde_ I nrrct say lharall altracrions rre nreaningless
accessibilily is llot snnx]th. Indian ptanflers
have to
understand this. The sooncr. the belr.r. Roads and rails arc
not going to scNe tourists alurel India's econonrv roo will
gel a big boos( il this is done.

wi

if

Readings

l. cOHt\. | .u-oA Ir"e , "cnnlogj,,. t,nrr rt\fe.11rce.

:, CROUCH. C I.. & RI]'CIIIE.
J, R. B, ]999 TOU'i N
.onrpctiileness .nd societal prosperiry:
I{esearch..l4(l): ll7-152

l. (ROLirllL I A\D l(ll( lll[.

destiratidr

:r

'R

.r rmil oi

2an0

BrNiness

ttF ru rpet i\e

susrainabilily pcspective. To!rism Managcnrcrtl

GEARINC, C.E. 1974 Estabtishi!g a nea$ire ot rouisrjc

Trivel Rescarch 12r t-8

atlracliveness. loumal ol

5.

GUNN.C.A- EDS.l98E rourisn pta.ning (secondcdition). Nrs

York:Taykr & Fmncis

6. K

l.

UL. R. N. EDS. l9E5 Dynanrics ol ronrisnr: . trihgv (!ot.

T'lnsponation and MarkctiDg. Ncs Dcthi
KIM L. CI{OMPTON l. L . DOTHA_ p 2000 RespondiDg ft)
I LI )

mnpctition:a srratcay tbr

SLrn/Losl Cirr. sourtr Ai-.jcaTourisD

(41)
LIM C. 1997 Review ofinternarlonal tourisnr dcnmril nn)dck
Annah olTourism Resea.ch.24. (4)r 835 849
\4.EI RO\ .r. L.:00r 5
.tand
"r c..... I -r "crus
lhe liftcycle, Papcr prepared kn.rhe trlenrationat (innerence.
Beyond MIRABTTltc Polirical Econonly otSDa rst rds ir)
dre 2lsr Century. School olEcononrics dd trinance. Victoria
UniveLsiry, Wellingron. Ncw Zeahrd,23 t5 Febnkry:004

Manascment

8.

2l

r.

.,,

I0 MO, HOWARD AND IIAVITZ l99l TeslirU n kuisr tutc

)pclo") 4,, dl\o on,. . c\edr.,.. r' ltu lil
II.PRIDEAUX Il.2000 rhe rcle ofrhe rransporL srsrenr in
destirarion devehpnrent. Torrisnr Managencnt I l
I2. SMITH. S. L. J. lr)94. The nntrisnr prodrcr. Afnats ol-(trtrisnr
Itesearch. 2l(3)r 582-595.

ll.TANC AND ROCHANANOND t990 Arlra.livcress

rourisrdesrination:aconlt-ilrarivesludyolThaitand
14.

as a

rdscteded

countries. Socio-Econ Planrilrg l4(3)

wlTT S AND wlTT C . 199s Forecaslirs tourisn demandl

t!iew

of enpirical research. Inrerndtiorat lounrat of

Forecasting: ll:447-475
I 5 hltp /lvww.satariplus.co.in/KanjilalArlicle.aspx?Ctd-ll
I

6.

17.

hup/www.ibelorglndusrry/.oadyirdia.asDx
N,liDistrl of hrirn. Colernnent oflndi. s,obsite

l. Courtesy: Mr. (io!r Kanjilal. Tourisn P,orisional. ronner Dy.

Dircctor GeneraUltegional Dnector. Miiisq of Tourisnr_ Covear

tr

IEn dil
12

"ltrtuidi\it:3tit,sntdil

t on

YOJANA Mav 2015