SYLLOGISM MADE EASY

The first step is to make a Venn diagram. Second step is deriving the conclusion. Lets
go to all possible concepts. (Concepts = Statements)

CONCEPT 1 Some A is B.
The Diagram for Some A is B is

The possible conclusions are,

1) Some A is B

2) Some B is A

CONCEPT 2 Some A is B and Some B is C

The Diagram is,

Now the Possible Conclusions are,

Between A and B

Some A is B

Some B is A

Between B and C

Some B is C

Some C is B

There is no DIRECT CONNECTION between A and C. So it is not possible to derive any

conclusion between A and C.

CONCEPT 3 All A is B

The Diagram is,

The Conclusions are,

All A is B.

Some A is B.

Some B is A.

IMPORTANT NOTE : WHEN THE STATEMENTS ARE POSITIVE, THE

CONCLUSIONS MUST BE POSITIVE.

CONCEPT 4 All A is B and All B is C

The Conclusions are,

Between A and B

Between B and C

Between A and C

All A is B.

All B is C.

All A is C.

Some A is B.

Some B is C.

Some A is C.

Some B is A.

Some C is B.

Some C is A.

Concept 5 Some A is B. All B is C.

The possible conclusions are,

Between A and B

Between B and C

Between A and C

Some A is B

All B is C

Some A is C

Some B is A

Some B is C

Some C is A

Some C is B

Concept 6 All A is B and Some B is C

The possible conclusions are,

Between A and B

Between B and C

All A is B

Some B is C

Some A is B

Some C is B

Some B is A

There is no DIRECT CONNECTION between A and C. So it is not possible to derive any

conclusion between A and C.

Concept 7 All B is A and All C is A

The Possible Conclusions are,

Between A and B

Between A and C

All B is A

All C is A

Some B is A

Some C is A

Some A is B

Some A is C

There is no DIRECT CONNECTION between B and C. So it is not possible to derive any

conclusion between B and C.

Concept 8 No A is B
The Possible Conclusions are,

No A is B

No B is A

Some A is not B

Some B is not A

When NO comes in Statement, Some-not should follow in Conclusion

Concept 9 All A is B and No B is C

The Possible Conclusions are,

Between A and B

Between B and C

Between A and C

All A is B

No B is C

No A is C

Some A is B

No C is B

Some A is Not C

Some B is A

Some B is not C

-Some C is not B

Concept 10 All A is B and No A is C

The Possible Conclusions are,

Between A and B

Between A and C

All A is B

No A is C

Some A is B

No C is A

Some B is A

Some A is not C

Between B and C

Some B is not C

Some C is not A

Concept 11 Some A is B; No B is C

The Possible Conclusions are,

Between A and B

Between B and C

Some A is B

No B is C

Some B is A

No C is B

Between A and C

Some A is not C

-Some B is not C

Some C is not B

Concept 12 Some A is B; No A is C

The Possible Conclusions are,

Between A and B

Between A and C

Some A is B

No A is C

Some B is A

No C is A

-Some A is not C

-Some C is not A

Between B and C

Some B is not C

Note: In all the above, the conclusions are made based on the statements. There in
only one case where the conclusions are determined based on the conclusion itself. It is
called as Merging Concept.

MERGING CONCEPT
This concept is applicable when more than one conclusion does not follows.

Rules:

The two non-following conclusions must be of same character.

One conclusion must be positive (All/Some)

One conclusion must be negative (No/Some-not)

Let me explain this concept with some examples.

Example 1:

Stmt : All Lotus are Flowers; No Lilly is Lotus.

Conclusion: No Lilly is a flower; Some Lilly is Flowers.

The first step is to draw Venn Diagram.

Now Check the conclusions.

No Lilly is a flower. (Its not true)

Some Lilly is flowers (It is also not true)

Two conclusions are false. And Both are same Characters (Lilly and Flower). One is
Positive and one is negative. It satisfies all the rules of Merging Concept.

So the Answer is Either (i) or (ii) Follows.

Example 2

Stmt : Some Cameras are Radios; Some Statues are Cameras.

Conclusion : Some Radios are statues; No Radio is a Statue.

Conclusion 1 : Some Statues are Radios (It is false) (No direct relation between Statue
and Radio)

Conclusion 2: No Radio is a Statue (It is False) (It is a negative conclusion) (When

statements are

positive, conclusions must be positive).

Now Check for merging concept.

Two Conclusions are False.

They are of same character. One is Positive and other is Negative.

Answer is Either (I) or (II) Follows

Direction Sense Test

Memory tool

Number Series
By Karikalan -

February 27, 2015

Question : It contains a series of numbers and it will be in a certain pattern .

Objective: To find the missing or wrong number in that series .
There will be 5 problems from number series, among these problems 1 will be easy
and 3 will be moderate and 1 will be hard . we can easily crack these questions in a few
second if we guess the pattern . i have made an effort to cover all the patterns , i am
sure after reading this topic you will get some idea .
Difficulty level Easy :
(By keen observation itself, you can easily find pattern.)

Prime numbers
2, 3, 5, 7, 11
Squares of numbers
1, 4, 9, 16, 25
169, 225, 289, 361, 441 squares of odd number
(132, 152, 172, 192, 212)
Addition/subtraction by a common number
Example : 11, 14, 17, ? , 23
Difference between successive numbers are 3.
so 17 + 3 = 20 is answer
Example : 975, 962, ?, 936 , 923 .
Difference between successive numbers are 13 and they are in decreasing order so
answer will be 962 13 = 949.
Multiplication/ division
In this pattern, a certain number is multiplied or divided with the previous number to
get next number in the series.
Example : 15, 30, 60, 120, 240
15*2 = 30
30 *2= 60
60*2 = 120

120*2 = 240
Example : 5172, 2536, 1268, 634, 317
51722=2536
25362=1268
12682=634
6342=317
If you are not able to find the pattern by observing the question, you have to follow the
below procedures
Difficulty level moderate ( from here real problems start , no need to panic for that ,
patiently understand the procedure and try to solve , it will be easy while you are
scrolling down )

1. In such type of questions, we have to find the difference between

consecutive numbers
2. Difference between consecutive numbers will follow a pattern
(consecutive addition/subtraction or multiplication/division).
Example 1: 30, 46, 78, 126, 190, 270, ?
Difference between 30 & 46 is 16
Difference between 46 & 78 is 32
Difference between 78 & 126 is 48
Difference between 126 & 190 is 64
Difference between 190 & 270 is 80

Here the differences are all multiples of 16 i.e. (16*1), (16*2), (16*3), (16*4), (16*5),
so obviously the next number will be (16*6).
So in series the next number will be addition of (16*6 =) 96 therefore the answer is
270+96 = 366
Example 2: 17, 20, 26, 38, 62, 110
Find the difference between the numbers, and the differences are
Difference between 17 & 20 = 3
Difference between 20 & 26 = 6 (3*2)
Difference between 26 & 38 = 12 (6*2)
Difference between 38 & 62 = 24 (12*2)
Difference between 62 & 110 = 48 (24*2)
Example 3: 1250, 500, 200, 80, 32, 12.8, ?
Whenever you see a decimal number in series, your guess for the number should be a
decimal digit or division process Here too a decimal number is multiplied or divided to
form this series.
12502.5 = 500
5002.5=200
2002.5= 80
802.5=32
322.5=12.8
12.82.5=5.12

Example 4: 23, 26, 24, 27, 25, 28, ?

In this problem, numbers are increasing and decreasing and the variations are also
small, therefore both addition and subtraction operations can take place.
23+3=26
26-2=24
24+3=27
27-2=25
25+3=28
28-2=26
Difficulty level : hard
If difference between consecutive numbers do not follow any patterns , try these
patterns
(there is no need to by heart all this pattern , just know how the patterns can be in the
series this will make easy to guess the pattern for you)

For series a b c d e f the pattern will be any one of these following patterns.

TIPS:To find the pattern try this technique.

Multiply the number before last number with 2 and compare the resultant number with
the last number

1. a) If the resultant number is greater than the last number then it will
be the addition or subtraction of square/cube of number i.e. pattern(I).
2. b) If the resultant number is less than the last number and difference
is large, then the pattern will be any of these (II) or (III) or (IV) or (V)
3. c) If the resultant number is less than the last number but difference is
small it belongs to (VI).

Solving these problems will make you understand better.

Example 1: 3, 732, 1244, 1587, 1803, 1928, ?
Step 1: 1803*2 = 3606 >1928 therefore it will be pattern (I)
Step 2: now find the difference between the two numbers consecutively
difference between 3&732 = 729 i.e. 9 3
difference between 732&1244 = 512 i.e.83
difference between 1244&1587 = 343 i.e. 7 3
difference between 1587&1803 = 216 i.e. 6 3
difference between 1803&1928 = 125 i.e. 5 3
obviously next will be addition of 43+ 1928 = 1992
Example 2: 13, 25, 61, 121, 205, ?
Step 1: 121*2>205 and variation is small , so it will follow pattern (I)
Step 2: difference between 13 & 25 = 12
difference between 25 & 61 = 36 (12*3)
difference between 61 & 121 = 60 (12*5)
difference between 121 & 205 = 84 (12*7)
obviously next number in series will be addition of 108(12*9) with 205 = 313
Example 3: 1, 6, 36, 240, 1960, ?
Step 1: 240*2<1960 and the variation is large too, so the pattern will be either (II) or
(III) or (IV) or (V)

Step 2: Now use the trial and error method but dont apply it to whole series use it in
any of the two numbers.
1*2 + 2*2 = 6
6*4+3*4=36
36*6+4*6=240
240*8 +5*8 =1960 so 1960*10+6*10=19660
Example 4: 13, 14, 30, 93, 376, 1885, ?
Step 1. 376*2<1885 and the variation is also large, so the pattern will be (II) or (III)
or (IV) or (V)
Step 2. Use the trial and error method and find the pattern, it is wise to check in last
two numbers.
376*5=1880 adding 5 we get correct number 1885
So pattern is 376*5+5=1885
13*1+1=14
14*2+2=30
answer will be 1885*6+6=11316
Example 5: 12, 35, 81, 173, 357, ?
Step 1. 173*2<357 and the variation is small so it will follow pattern (VI).
Step 2. 173*2=346 to get 357 add 11 .
Pattern is 173*2+11=357
12*2+11=35

answer will be 357*2+11=725

Miscellaneous
Number series is a vast topic , there always an exception cases .)
Example : 7, 4, 5, 9, ? , 52.5, 160.5
If the numbers in the series are increasing and decreasing and a decimal numbers are
in the series then you can guess decimal numbers playing in this series
7*0.5 + 0.5 = 4
4*1+1=5
5*1.5+1.5 = 9
9*2+2 = 20
20*2.5+2.5 =52.5
Example: 120 15 105 17.5 87.5 ?
1208 =15
15*7=105
1056=17.5
17.5*5=87.5
87.54=21.875
Example: 3 6 21 28 55 66 ? 120
Difference between 3&6 is 3
Difference between 21&28 is 7

Difference between 55& 66 is 11

Difference between ? & 120 is 15 therefore the number is 105
Thats all about number series hope you have get some idea, practice some more
number series problem it will increase your speed in guessing the pattern .