CDM RDF 12MW Karimnagar AP

PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03
CDM Executive Board

page 1
CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM

PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM-PDD)
Version 03 - in effect as of: 28 July 2006
CONTENTS
A.
General description of project activity
B.
Application of a baseline and monitoring methodology
C.
Duration of the project activity / crediting period
D.
Environmental impacts
E.
Stakeholders comments
Annexes
Annex 1: Contact information on participants in the project activity

Annex 2: Information regarding public funding
Annex 3: Baseline information
Annex 4: Monitoring plan

CDM Executive Board
page 2
SECTION A.
A.1.
General description of project activity
Title of the project activity:
>>
Title : Power generation through MSW at Karimnagar, Andhra Pradesh
Version: 04
Date : 12/12/2011
A.2.
Description of the project activity:
>>
Purpose of the Project Activity
Shalivahana (MSW) Green Energy Ltd. [S(MSW)GEL] intends to establish a 12 MW Power Plant at
Rebladevpally Village near Sultanabad in Karimnagar District, based on Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF)
generated by processing of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) generated from various Urban Local Bodies
(ULBs) in Andhra Pradesh with processing plants located in Karimnagar and Nizamabad Districts of
Andhra Pradesh. The MSW would be sourced from districts of Karimnagar, Nizamabad, Adilabad,
Medak.
The main objective of the project is to utilize the potential energy sourced from RDF generation by
processing MSW. To achieve the purpose, the project activity is proposed with a total capacity of 1400
TPD waste processing facilities located at three places, namely Karimnagar, Ramagundam and
Nizamabad and one power generation unit of 12 MW capacity at Rebladevpally village in Karimnagar
district. Further details of these facilities are provided below. Project activity may use other
supplementary fuel such as surplus biomass available in the region (cotton stalks, Rice husk, Juliflora and
Maize cobs) and coal, in emergency and unavoidable situation. However, the same would be as per the
guidelines and within the specified limits of MSW based power generation projects (15% coal or 25%
biomass1 or together to a maximum extent of 25%2).
Based on the total 1400 TPD processing capacity, the total expected incoming MSW to the project
including three processing facilities is 511000 TPA. Based on the characteristics of MSW, the total
amount of RDF and compost production is expected to be approximately 163155 tonnes and 60225
tonnes per annum respectively.
The project activity involves in two phases. The phase wise implementation of the proposed project
activity is given below:
Phase I
1
2
Rated Capacity
Power plant
12 MW
RDF Processing plant at

Karimnagar
225 TPD
Phase II
RDF processing
and Compost plant
at Nizamabad
Compost plant at
Karimnagar
Rated Capacity
175 TPD RDF &
250 TPD compost
300 TPD
MNRE Guidelines dated 24 April 2007; http://www.mnre.gov.in/energy-uwaste.htm
Letter dated 8 November 2010 (Ref: Lr No. 3441/ RES-I/ 2010-3) from Energy Department, Government of
Andhra Pradesh

CDM Executive Board
page 3
RDF Processing plant at

Ramagundam
225 TPD
Compost plant at
Ramagundam
300 TPD
Processing of RDF involves in stages such as tipping, pre-sorting, manual segregation, magnetic
separation, rotary/web screen separation, crushing and shredding, ballistic separation and RDF
generation. In composting, the process involves in windrow processing, coarse segregation, waste curing,
refinement and packing of compost. The power plant uses RDF in the pusher grate boiler to generate the
steam, which will be fed to the matching steam turbine with generator to produce electricity. The
electricity generated will be supplied to the grid system.
The activities of Phase-I have been partially implemented and the power plant commenced its power
generations from April 2010. The organic waste generated at Karimnagar and Ramagundam processing
facilities will be disposed in the landfill/disposal facilities till the composting units will be operational.
Due to delay in financial closure for the activities covered in Phase-II and these activities are likely to be
commissioned in 2012.
Scenario Existing Prior to Start of the Implementation of the Project Activity
In the pre-project scenario, municipal solid waste is disposed in the existing Solid Waste Disposal Site
(SWDS) located in Karimanagr, Ramagundam and Nizamabad. While compaction and levelling3 is
carried out to increase the life of SWDS, there are no measures for Landfill Gas capture/ destruction. (See
Pictures below) The open disposal of waste causes a number of environmental and health hazards, in
addition to unabated release of methane in to the atmosphere, which is one of the prominent green house
gas.
Thus, the common practice scenario in the absence of the project is disposal of waste without any
measures to avoid methane emissions (also the baseline scenario)
Fig: Disposal and compaction of municipal solid waste in the baseline scenario
Project Scenario
Municipal Administration and Urban Development authority letter

CDM Executive Board
page 4
In the project scenario, three processing plants will be set up, at Karimnagar, Ramagundam and
Nizamabad for the purpose of RDF generation based on MSW. The RDF generated from these processing
units will be transported to the power plant site located at Rebladevpally near Sultanabad. The capacities
of processing plants are provided below:
S.no
1.
2.
3.
Processing facility
Karimnagar
Ramagundam
Nizamabad
Total
incoming
waste (TPD)
500
500
400
RDF
capacity
(TPD)
225
225
175
Composting
capacity
(TPD)
300
300
250
Processing units will be supplied with required MSW from the surrounding ULBs, where it is refined to
produce RDF fluff and compost. This RDF fluff will be used as fuel to operate the power plant and
compost will be used for soil application as fertilizer. The proposed MSW power plant at Rebladevpally
is expected to be in operation throughout the year. The proposed power plant is equipped with boiler of
pusher grate technology, which has been used for the first time in MSW fired boiler in India4. The organic
matter segregated from these processing units will be composted at respective processing unit sites. The
compost thus produced will be sold as soil conditioner to neighbouring farms.
Electricity generated by the project activity will be sold to a third party. The project has been taken up by
the project proponent to address the critical environmental problem faced in solid waste management by
the state of Andhra Pradesh and particularly Karimnagar, Medak, Adilabad and Nizamabad districts. In
addition the project activity will also address to some extent the acute energy crisis faced by southern
region of India by producing 12 MW of clean electricity that will be supplied to the local region, which is
being fed by southern grid.
Contribution to reduction in GHG emissions by the Proposed Project Activity
The project would achieve significant reduction in Green House Gas emissions due to the following two
components:
Avoidance of methane emission from disposal of solid waste in the SWDS.

Replacement of energy from carbon intensive southern regional grid of India by supply of
renewable electricity.
Contribution of Project Activity to Sustainable Development:

Indian economy is highly dependent on Coal as fuel to generate energy and for production processes.
Thermal power plants are the major consumers of coal in India and yet the basic electricity needs of a
large section of population are not being met.
This results in excessive demands for electricity and place immense stress on the environment. Changing
coal consumption patterns will require a multi-pronged strategy focusing on demand, reducing wastage of
energy and the optimum use of waste to energy, renewable energy sources.
Letter from Thermax for using pusher grate technology for the first time in India dated 07 September 2010

CDM Executive Board
page 5
Government of India has stipulated following indicators for sustainable development in the interim
approval guidelines 5 for CDM projects.
1. Social well-being
2. Economic well-being
3. Environmental well-being
4. Technological well-being
1.
Social well being:
2.
Economic well being:
3.
The project activity will generate employment in the local area.

It would provide stable and quality power to the nearest substation which will aid in hassle free
manufacturing of products.
The main resource for power generation is MSW, which is otherwise being disposed without any
commercial value.
In other words, the plant is generating commercial value to RDF. The above benefits due to
project activity ensure that the project would contribute to the social and economic well being in
the region.
Hence, the project contributes to the economic sustainability around the plant site, which is
promotion of decentralization of economic power.
Environmental well being:
4.
The plant site is in rural area where unemployment, poverty and other economic backwardness
are prevailing; the project would lead to the development of the region
During civil works, a lot of construction work is to be taken place, which will generate
employment for local people around the plant site
Other than these, there are various kinds of mechanical work, which would generate employment
opportunity on regular and permanent basis
Day to day operations in collection of MSW and segregation of MSW, create the employment
opportunities to the local people/ community.
A power plant based on RDF as fuel, does not affect the ecology, provided a few precautions are
taken in the design of the plant. Project also reduces pollution since it avoids the methane that
would have been generated in solid waste disposal sites due to anaerobic decay of MSW and also
displaces the grid electricity which is a fossil fuel dominated grid 6. All the necessary measures are
planned to be taken in the plants design for minimizing the impact on the ecology of the
environment.
To limit the SPM emission during RDF firing, Electro static precipitator (ESP) has been placed in
design.
The proposed project ensures the resource sustainability by avoiding the pressure on overexploited and precious fossil fuel resources and emerging as alternative and sustainable fuel
source for energy purposes.
Technological well being:
http://www.cdmindia.gov.in/approval_process.php
CEA database, Government of India; version 06, March 2011

CDM Executive Board
page 6
The technology selected for the proposed project is the best available technology in India. The
project uses a steam turbo generator with matching boiler of pusher type, which is capable of
firing multi fuels. The project activity applied pusher grate technology for the first time in MSW
projects in India, which indicates the contribution of the project activity towards technological
advancement in the sector.
In view of the above, the project participant considers that the project activity profoundly contributes to
the sustainable development.
A.3.
Project participants:
>>
Name of the Party
Private and/or Public entity (ies)
involved ((host) indicates a Project participants
host party)
(as applicable)
India (Host)
A.4.
Private entity:
Shalivahana (MSW) Green Energy
Ltd.
Kindly indicate if the party

involved wishes to be
considered as project
participant (Yes/No)
No
Technical description of the project activity:

A.4.1. Location of the project activity:
>>
A.4.1.1.
Host Party(ies):
>>
India
A.4.1.2.
>>
State: Andhra Pradesh
A.4.1.3.
Region/State/Province etc.:
City/Town/Community etc.:
>>
District: Karimnagar and Nizamabad
A.4.1.4.
Details of physical location, including information allowing the
unique identification of this project activity (maximum one page):
>>
Project Site
o Processing plants
:
3 units - Karimnagar, Ramagundam and Nizamabad
o Power plant
:
one unit - Rebladevpally
District
:
Karimnagar & Nizamabad
State
:
Andhra Pradesh
Geographical Location
:
Rebladevpally
power
plant,
Karimnagar
and
Ramagundam processing facilities are located in

CDM Executive Board
page 7
Karimnagar district and Nizamabad processing unit in

Nizamabad district, Andhra Pradesh, India.
The power plant is located at 154 km from Hyderabad, which is the capital city of Andhra Pradesh.
The nearest Railway Station is at Peddapalli at a distance of 10 km and the nearest Airport is at
Hyderabad. The other project sites with processing facilities are also well connected by existing road
networks and are easily accessible.
Site
Karimnagar processing plant
Ramagundam processing plant
Nizamabad processing plant
Rebladevpally MSW power plant
Latitude
18o 24.769 N
18o 46.000 N
18o 38.610 N
18o 32.702 N
Longitude
79o 08. 632E
79o 26.029 E
78o 04.080 E
79o 21.134 E

CDM Executive Board
page 8
Location of Andhra Pradesh state in India; Location of Adilabad, Nizamabad, Medak and Karimnagar
districts inthe state.
Ramagundam
processing unit
Nizamabad
processing unit
Power Plant
Karimnagar
processing unit
Location of processing units and power plant in Nizamabad and Karimnagar districts of Andhra Pradesh

CDM Executive Board
page 9
A.4.2. Category(ies) of project activity:

>>
The project uses UNFCCC Approved Methodology: AM0025 Avoided emissions from organic waste
through alternative waste treatment processes Version: 12.
Sectoral scope 1: Energy industries (renewable -non-renewable sources) and
Sectoral scope 13: Waste handling and Disposal.
A.4.3. Technology to be employed by the project activity:
>>
The waste treatment process will include all the three treatment technologies; physical segregation,
biological treatment and RDF production, subsequently used for energy generation. This kind of waste to
energy MSW based treatment facilities are relatively new concept in India7. Most of the previous
experiences or implemented projects in India are in a conventional way of treating waste using either
RDF generation or power generation or waste composting as separate activities. The proposed activity is
an integrated facility which generates RDF, uses RDF for power generation and composting of organic
material. The proposed waste treatment project integrates three technologies with the following features:
Physical segregation using a combination of Trommel/web screens and Handpicking methods

Organic/Compostable waste is separated for Biological Treatment. The organic waste is
segregated using mechanical means (like trommel/web screens and set of conveyor systems) and
decomposed using Mechanical Composting Means; Windrow Technology
The segregated waste with combustible components (like paper, wood, plastics and garden waste)
is used for preparation of raw feed to the RDF fired boiler in power plant and simultaneous
electricity generation.
The MSW & RDF characterization has been carried out on 18 August 2008 and the test results are
provided below:
Municipal solid waste management in Indian cities A review

http://www.unc.edu/courses/2009spring/envr/890/002/readings/SolidWasteIndiaReview2008.pdf

CDM Executive Board
page 10
RDF Quality
MSW collected from different sources has different calorific values. However, after drying and separation
of non-combustible fraction, the RDF produced shall have an average Gross Calorific Value of 20002500 kcal / kg. The processing of the MSW at the processing plant will be carried out in such as manner
that the physical and chemical properties of the RDF produced would be homogenous and constant over
time.
Expected RDF characteristics:
Test
Proximate analysis
Total moisture
Ash Content
Unit of measurement
% by mass
% by mass
% by mass
Result obtained
Ultimate analysis
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Sulphur
Oxygen
Chlorine
Gross calorific value
% by mass
% by mass
% by mass
% by mass
% by mass
% by mass
Kcal/kg
25
2.8
0.23
0.53
21
<0.15
2218
25.44
20
Compost Quality
The compost produced will comply with standards of Schedule-IV (MSW Rules 2000), which has been
fixed by the competent national authority to ensure avoidance of any possible adverse impacts expected
as a result of application of compost and is approved as acceptable practice in India.
The plant will take all possible measures to take care of the toxicity problem of the compost being
produced after composting. The following specific measures will be taken:
Waste segregated from RDF processing facility will be properly checked for plastic or heavy metals
before sending it to the compost plant.
Removal of plastic, plastic products as well as glass and heavy metals from the waste, if observed.
Process flow diagram for the Integrated Waste Management System in S(MSW)GEL is presented below:

CDM Executive Board
page 11
FIGURE 2: FLOW DIAGRAM OF THROUGH INTEGRATED WASTE TREATMENT
Raw Waste at Tipping

Platform
Physical Separation of
Waste Size > 70 mm
Organic Waste Stream into

Compost Yard(Size < 70
mm)
Fluff Generation
(Mechanical Processing &
Segregation)
Compost
Rejects
Compost
Rejects
Electricity for
Sale
Sale to
farmers/commercial
units
Power Plant as Raw Feed
Ash from P Plant
Inert Material (Glass,

Ceramics, Silt, Earth and
Grit etc)
Disposal into Landfill
RDF Processing plant design:

TIPPING PLATFORM AND PRE-SORTING SECTION
The waste processing facility shall be provided with a tipping platform for incoming raw waste quantity.
A proper feeding mechanism using a loader/ bob cat or belt feeder will be used. A set of conveyor belt to
feed waste and manual segregate will be used. The material shall be fed into the magnetic separator
followed by a trommel (70 mm sieve size), a shredding unit, a ballastic separator, rotary drier to the waste
leaving through a waste chute.
MAGNETIC SEPARATOR
The waste, on the belt conveyor system is passed through the magnetic separator to remove ferrous waste.
Here ferrous waste of size ranging from 5 mm to 100 mm can be arrested making the waste even
homogenous in nature. The magnetic separator shall be installed with throwing arrangement for
separation of ferrous items.
ROTARY SCREEN TROMMEL
The waste from the magnetic separator is passed through a rotary screen trommel having mesh size of 70
mm diameter. The trommel shall be horizontally mounted rotating on a horizontal axis at a speed of 20

CDM Executive Board
page 12
rpm. Two waste streams are generated from the trommel; Waste having size + 70 mm and Waste having
size -70mm.
Waste passing through the 70 mm sieve is collected through a belt conveyor into a chute. This waste
stream has high organic content, mulch, and green waste, and hence further treated by composting.
CRUSHING AND SHREDDING SYSTEM
The waste arrested in the trommel unit is further passed into a Horizontal Rotary Type Crushing Unit.
The unit is a shredding / crushing mechanism and homogenizes the waste further into size ranging from
25 mm to 45 mm dia. All the three units shall be equipped with crushing and shredding units of 15 TPH
capacities.
BALLISTICS SEPARATOR AND RDF GENERATION
Crushed waste from the Rotary Type Crushing Unit is put into a Ballistic Separator which shall operate at
the capacity of 15TPH. The unit separates heavy material from the crushed MSW with necessary drive.
Waste of +15 mm size is separated off from the system which is collected into a conveyor belt and passes
to the input of Rotary Type Crushing Unit which helps to homogenize waste to the acceptable size. The
light combustible fraction (paper/biomass/textiles etc.) separated from the Ballistic Separator is generally
called Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) Fluff. It will have a calorific value in the range of 2000 - 2500 kcal/kg
and 15-20% ash which can be incinerated in a boiler of the Power Plant.
The RDF produced from the processing facilities is transported to the power plant, where it is fed into an
RDF fired pusher grate boiler. The steam generated from the boiler is used in the turbine to convert it into
mechanical energy and the same is converted into electrical energy in the alternator connected to Turbine.
The electricity generated after the auxiliary consumption in the plant premises is exported to the grid
system for further supply to the end users.
The organic material generated from the process is used in the compost facilities, with windrow
technology of aerobic composting. During the aerobic composting process, biodegradable waste matter
degraded into simple organic compounds by certain micro-organisms in the presence of air. Composting
involves, screening, sorting, grinding, blending, mixing and curing. The process of biodegradation is
natural and compost will be produced after the retention period of waste in windrow platforms. The final
compost produced will be used for soil applications to improve the soil fertility.
The project activity expected to operate at a PLF of 80%, with gross energy generation of 84.1 GWh and
net export of 75.69 GWh after meeting the auxiliary consumption of 8.41 GWh (10%) 8 to the nearest
substation of APTRASCO at Suglampally village. The power project has been commissioned on
14/04/2010 and is currently under operation.
Technical Specifications of Power Plant
Boiler
Type
Capacity
Features
Pusher grate
55 TPH, 66 kg/cm2(g), 485 5oC
Single drum, natural circulation, single pass, horizontal
Detailed Project Report dated December 2010; page 95

CDM Executive Board
page 13
Turbine
Type
Rated capacity
Inlet steam pressure
Inlet steam temperature
Turbine speed
Generator
Rated Capacity
Power Factor
Rated Speed
Multi stage, Impulse, nozzle governed bleed cum

condensing
12000 kW
64 kgf/cm2 (g)
485 oC
6827 rpm
12 MW
0.8
1500 rpm
No technology transfer envisaged in the proposed RDF based power project at Rebladevapally and RDF
preparation facilities at Karimnagar, Ramagundam and Nizamabad as part of project activity.
A.4.4. Estimated amount of emission reductions over the chosen crediting period:
>>
The Crediting Period of a CDM project is the period for which the CDM Project can generate emission
reductions are furnished below:
Years
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
Total estimated reductions
(tCO2 e)
Total number of crediting years
Annual average of the estimated
reductions over the crediting period
(tCO2 e)
Estimation of annual emission reductions in

tonnes of CO2 e
38104
78855
109610
133332
152046
167142
179584
190041
198986
206754
1454454
10 years
145445
A.4.5. Public funding of the project activity:

>>
The project has not received any Official Development Assistance (ODA) from Annex I countries. The
project activity has received long term loan from IL&FS to the extent of 75% of the capital cost for
Phase-I. The remaining 25% for Phase-I is funded through equity contribution from the project

CDM Executive Board
page 14
promoters. The project activity has not availed any concessions, grants or subsidies from any govt
agencies/institutes.
SECTION B. Application of a baseline and monitoring methodology
B.1.
Title and reference of the approved baseline and monitoring methodology applied to the
project activity:
>>
AM0025 Avoided emissions from organic waste through alternative waste treatment processes
Version 12, EB 55.
Reference used in conjunction with the methodology:
Tool for the demonstration and assessment of additionality (version 05.2)
Tool to calculate the emission factor for an electricity system (version 02.2.0)
Emissions from solid waste disposal sites (version 06.0.0)
AMS-I.D, Grid connected renewable electricity generation
Version 17, EB 61
B.2.
Justification of the choice of the methodology and why it is applicable to the project
activity:
>>
The project activity meets all the applicability guidelines as set out in AM0025 version 12. They are:
S.No
1.
Applicability Condition under AM0025,

The project activity involves one or a
combination of the following waste treatment
options for the fresh waste that in a given year
would have otherwise been disposed of in a
landfill:
a) a composting process in aerobic conditions;
b) gasification to produce syngas and its use;
c) Anaerobic digestion with biogas collection
and flaring and flaring and/or its use. The
anaerobic digester processes only the
waste for which emission reductions are
claimed in this methodology. If the biogas
is processed and upgraded to the quality of
natural gas and it is distributed as energy
via natural gas distribution grid, project
activities may use approved methodology
AM0053 in conjunction with this
methodology. In such cases the baseline
scenario identification procedure and
additionality
assessment
shall
be
Applicability justification
The project activity involves the fresh waste
treatment9 option (a) composting process in
aerobic conditions and (d) the mechanical
process to produce refuse- derived fuel (RDF)
which is used as a fuel to generate electricity in
the power plant. The project activity uses only
fresh waste, as the waste collected from ULBs
will be directly supplied to the RDF processing
facilities. The project has the facilities, such as,
weighbridge and recording systems, to monitor
the quantity of incoming fresh waste on daily
basis. The project facilities will not accept or
process any waste which is not considered as
fresh waste.
The physical and chemical properties of the

produced RDF being homogenous and constant
over time10. The project has entered into
agreements with ULBs for supply of MSW.
Since the MSW used in the project for
Detailed Project Report, Chapter 5, section 5.4, Page 26 and Standard Operating Procedure dated December 2010
10
Detailed Project Report, Chapter 7, section 7.8, Page 38

CDM Executive Board
page 15
S.No
2.
3.

undertaken for the combination of the two
components of the project activity i.e.
biomethane emission avoidance and
displacement of natural gas;
d) mechanical/ thermal treatment process to
produce refuse-derived fuel (RDF)/
stabilized biomass (SB) and its use. The
thermal treatment process (dehydration)
occurs under controlled conditions (up to
300 degrees Celsius). In case of thermal
treatment process, the process shall
generate a stabilized biomass that would be
used as fuel or raw material in other
industrial process. The physical and
chemical properties of the produced
RDF/SB shall be homogenous and constant
over time;
e) Incineration of fresh waste for energy
generation, electricity and/or heat. The
thermal energy generated is either
consumed on-site and/or exported to a
nearby facility. Electricity generated is
either consumed on-site, exported to the
grid or exported to a nearby facility. The
incinerator is rotating fluidized bed or
hearth or grate type.
In case of anaerobic digestion, gasification or
RDF processing of waste, the residual waste
from these processes is aerobically composted
and/or delivered to a landfill.
In case of composting, the produced compost
is either used as soil conditioner or disposed of
in landfills.
production of RDF is supplied from the same
ULB regions for the entire project life time and
there is no chemical or thermal treatment of
RDF, hence the physical and chemical
characteristics of RDF is not expected to
change. The properties of the same thus are
considered homogeneous and constant over
time since it will be sourced from same
municipalities over the project lifetime. The
incoming MSW at the facilities will be
processed using manual segregation, magnetic
separation, size reduction, shredding and
crushing activities. As a result, RDF produced
from the processing units, which carry out the
processing operations with the same machinery
and under similar controlled processing
conditions would result in similar physical and
chemical properties of RDF, which will be
homogeneous and constant over time. In the
absence of the project activity, the fresh waste
would have been disposed off in a landfill11.
The residual waste will be aerobically

composted in the composting facilities located
at Karimnagar, Nizamabad and Ramagundam12.
The produced compost will be used as soil

conditioner and/or sold in the nearby regions.
For the purpose of marketing of compost, a
radius of 200 km from the processing units is
considered as the region.
In case of RDF/stabilized biomass processing, In the project activity, the produced RDF will
the produced RDF/stabilized biomass should be stored in aerobic conditions before its use13.
not be stored in a manner that may result in The waste collected at the processing units is
anaerobic conditions before its use.
treated on a day to day basis continuously and
storage of any waste/RDF produced is avoided
on-site. The RDF processing units and storage
area at the power plant is provided with
appropriate coverage (storage yards) to protect
11
Letter from Municipal Administration & Urban Development
12
Detailed Project Report, Chapter 8, section 8.4.1, Page 45
13
Detailed Project Report, Chapter 7, section7.6, Page 39

CDM Executive Board
page 16
S.No
If RDF/SB is disposed of in a landfill, project

proponent shall provide degradability analysis
on an annual basis to demonstrate that the
methane generation, in the life-cycle of the SB
is below 1% of related emissions. It has to be
demonstrated regularly that the characteristics
of the produced RDF/SB should not allow for
re-absorption of moisture of more than 3%.
Otherwise, monitoring the fate of the produced
RDF/SB is necessary to ensure that it is not
subject to anaerobic conditions in its lifecycle.
the waste processing units and the RDF from
direct exposure to sunlight and rain. This
would avoid possibility of RDF being degraded
due to direct exposure to climatic conditions.
Also, the RDF at the processing units will be
used on first come first serve basis,
continuously during operations, which ensures
storage of RDF only for short period of time
on-site. As a result, possibility of anaerobic
conditions is avoided. In addition, the height of
RDF stored at the power plant storage yard will
be restricted to below 5m. All the proposed
measures described above will ensure that RDF
processed is not subjected to anaerobic
conditions.
In the proposed project activity, the RDF
generated will be used as a fuel for power
generation and not disposed off in a landfill14.
The RDF production is carried out to ensure
continuous supply of sustainable fuel to the
RDF based power project. The RDF is crucial
for the operation of power project and
continuous monitoring of RDF production,
transport and consumption will be carried out
as part of project operation to ensure that the
RDF generated is completely used for power
generation and not disposed in landfill. RDF
related records are maintained at each of the
processing plants and power plant. The
quantity of RDF generated at processing units
and transported (to power plant) will be
recorded on day to day basis. At the same time,
the quantity of RDF received at power plant
will be recorded continuously including the
details of the processing unit from which the
RDF is received. At power plant, records of
daily RDF consumed/fed into the boiler will
also be maintained. This mechanism will
clearly track the RDF generation and
consumption details and can be used to cross
check that the RDF generated is properly used
for power generation and not disposed in
landfill.
Thus this condition is not applicable to the
project activity.
14
Detailed Project Report, Chapter 9, section9.2.2, Page 50

CDM Executive Board
page 17
S.No
In the case of incineration of the waste, the

waste should not be stored longer than
10
days. The waste should not be stored in
conditions that would lead to anaerobic
decomposition and, hence, generation of CH4.
This condition is not applicable to the proposed

project activity since the project activity does
not involve incineration of waste.
The project activity may include electricity

generation and/or thermal energy generation
from
the
biogas,
syngas
captured,
RDF/stabilized biomass produced, combustion
heat generated in the incineration process,
respectively, from the anaerobic digester, the
gasifier, RDF/stabilized biomass combustor,
and waste incinerator. The electricity can be
exported to the grid and/or used internally at
the project site. In the case of RDF/SB
produced, the emission reductions can be
claimed only for the cases where the RDF/SB
used for electricity and/or thermal energy
generation can be monitored.
The project activity includes electricity

generation from RDF produced and the
generated electricity will be exported to the
Southern grid. The electricity supply to the grid
will be measurable and hence, emission
reductions will be claimed for RDF generated
electricity that is monitored.
Waste handling in the baseline scenario shows

a continuation of current practice of disposing
the waste in a landfill despite environmental
regulation that mandates the treatment of the
waste, if any, using any of the project activity
The MSW 2000 rules stipulated by Govt. of

India mandated the municipal bodies to treat
the municipal waste in a scientific manner 15.
However, despite the rules, the common
practice of handling the waste in the country is
15
The MSW received on site will be treated on

day to day basis to produce RDF and compost.
The RDF generated will be supplied to the
power plant for consumption of the same in
RDF fired boiler immediately. The power plant
will maintain records of the RDF received on
site and the consumption of the same will be
ensured before 10 days from the date of receipt
of the RDF. The produced compost will be used
as soil conditioner and/or sold in the near by
regions.
The proportions and characteristics of different The proportions and characteristics of different
types of organic waste processed in the project types of organic waste processed in the project
activity can be determined, in order to apply a activity will be determined as per the process
multiphase landfill gas generation model to described in section of B.7.2 of PDD, in order
estimate the quantity of landfill gas that would to apply a multiphase landfill gas generation
have been generated in the absence of the model to estimate the quantity of landfill gas
project activity.
that would have been generated in the absence
of the project activity
http://www.nls.ac.in/CEERA/ceerafeb04/html/documents/Muncipalsoildwaste.htm

CDM Executive Board
page 18
S.No

treatment options mentioned above
10
The compliance rate of the environmental

regulations during (part of) the crediting is
below 50%; if monitored compliance with the
MSW rules exceeds 50%; the project activity
shall receive no further credit, since the
assumption that the policy is not enforced is
no longer tenable
11
Local regulations do not constrain the

establishment
of
RDF
production
plants/thermal treatment plants nor the use of
RDF/stabilized biomass as fuel or raw
12
In case of RDF/stabilized biomass production,

project proponent shall provide evidences that
16
continuation of current practice of disposing
the waste in a disposal sites. In the project
case, the same is managed by Municipal
Administration & Urban Development
(MA&UD) with controlled placement of waste
and compaction and leveling being carried
out16. In addition, no single municipality or
local body has complied with the guidelines
stipulated by MSW Rules, 2000 in the
country17. Hence the rules are systematically
not enforced and the non-compliance with the
rules is widespread in the country.
The compliance rate of Indian MSW Rules,
2000 is below 50%. Based on the Annual
Report of CPCB, 2008-09, compliance rate to
MSW Rules works out as 0.81%18. The report
was analysed for the compliance rate based of
number of ULBs which are 100% complying
to MSW Rules. The basis for 100%
compliance was presence of MSW processing
site and landfill in the ULB. The number of
ULBs complying to rules in India is 24. This
was then divided by the total number of ULBs
(which is 2960) to arrive at the compliance rate
of 0.81%. However, gradual improvement in
MSW management system is expected over the
time. Hence a conservative value of 10% is
taken for ex-ante estimations of emission
reductions.
Local regulations neither constrain the
establishment of RDF production plants nor the
use of RDF as fuel or raw material for power
generation. Project proponent has obtained
necessary clearances from the Government of
Andhra Pradesh/India19 for the same,
confirming no such constrains in the country
exists:
The project involves mechanical treatment of
waste to produce RDF20. There are no onsite
Letter from MA&UD
17
Assessment of the status of municipal solid waste management in metro cities, state capitals, class I cities, and
class II towns in India: An insight, 1 July 2008. http://cpcbenvis.nic.in/cups65.htm;
18
Estimations based on CPCB Annual report, 2008-09 published in March 2010
19
Consent for Establishment from PCB for 12 MW dated 7 July 2011
20
Detailed Project Report, Chapter 1, section 2, Page 15

CDM Executive Board
page 19
S.No
13
14
15

no GHG emissions occur, other than biogenic emissions occur as a result of this activity, but
CO2 due to chemical reactions during the only, indirect GHG emissions due to electricity
thermal treatment process.
consumption. There is no thermal treatment
involved in the project activity. Hence, no GHG
emissions occur on-site due to MSW
processing or RDF storage.
The project activity does not involve thermal The collection of MSW is carried out from
treatment process of neither industrial nor respective municipal authorities, where the
hospital waste
industrial waste is not mixed with the MSW. As
per the environmental norms, the treatment and
disposal of industrial waste is carried out by
respective industries and same is not mixed
with municipal solid waste. This is further
confirmed as per the guidelines provided under
Municipal Solid Waste (Management and
Handling) Rules, 2000, specifying Biomedical wastes and industrial wastes shall not
be mixed with municipal solid wastes and such
wastes shall follow the rules separately
specified for the purpose under point iv, 1.
Collection of municipal solid waste, schedule II
(http://envfor.nic.in/legis/hsm/mswmhr.html).
Hence, the waste collected and transported to
the processing facilities by municipal
authorities will not contain any hospital and
industrial waste. In addition, a letter from
Municipal
authorities/MA&UD
vide
Memo.No.8049/2010/H1, confirming that the
waste provided to the project does not contain
any hospital and industrial waste is provided for
verification. In addition, the personnel at the
RDF processing units are clearly instructed to
examine and not to accept/process any batch of
such MSW, which contains industrial/hospital
waste in the units. This ensures that the project
activity does not involve in treatment of
industrial or hospital waste. This has also been
incorporated in the Standard Operating
Procedure for the processing plants.
In case of waste incineration, if auxiliary fossil
fuel is added into the incinerator, the fraction
of energy generated by auxiliary fossil fuel is
no more than 50% of the total energy
generated in the incinerator
The methodology is not applicable to project
activities that involve capture and flaring of
methane from existing waste in the landfill.
There is no waste incineration in the proposed

project activity. Hence, this condition is not
applicable to the project activity.
Project activity does not involve capture and

flaring of methane from existing waste in the
landfill.

CDM Executive Board
page 20
S.No

This should be treated as a separate project
activity due to the difference in waste
characteristics of existing and fresh waste,
which may have an implication on the
baseline scenario determination
Therefore, the project meets the applicability conditions of AM0025.

B.3.
Description of the sources and gases included in the project boundary:
The summary of gases and sources included in the project boundary, and justification/ explanation where
gases and sources are not included is listed below:
Source
Baseline
Emissions
From
decomposition of
waste at the
landfill site
Emissions from
electricity
consumption
Gas
CH4
Included
N2O
Excluded
CO2
Excluded
CO2
CH4
N2O
Included
Excluded
Excluded
Excluded
CO2
Emission from
thermal energy
generation
CH4
N2O
Project Activity
Onsite fossil fuel

consumption due
to project activity
Emissions from
on-site electricity
use
Emissions from
thermal energy
generation
Excluded
Excluded
CO2
Included
CH4
Excluded
N2O
Excluded
CO2
CH4
Included
Excluded
N2O
Excluded
CO2
Excluded
CH4
Excluded
Justification/Explanation
The major source of emissions in the baseline.
N2O emissions are small compared to CH4
emissions from landfills. Exclusion of this gas is
conservative.
CO2 emissions from the decomposition of organic
waste are not accounted.
Electricity may be consumed from the grid.
Excluded for simplification. This is Conservative.
Excluded for simplification. This is Conservative.
There is no thermal energy generation in the
project activity.
project activity.
project activity.
May be an important emission source.
Excluded for simplification. This emission source
is assumed to be very small.
May be an important emission source.
There is no thermal energy generation involved in
the project activity

CDM Executive Board
page 21
Direct emissions
from the waste
treatment
processes
Emissions from
waste water
treatment
N2O
Excluded
N2O
Included
CO2
Included
CH4
Included
CO2
Excluded
CH4
Excluded
N2O
Excluded

May be an important emission source. N2O can be
emitted from composting activities and RDF
combustion.
CO2 emissions from combustion of fossil based
waste are included. CO2 emissions from the
decomposition or combustion of organic waste are
not accounted.
The composting process may not be complete and
result in anaerobic decay. CH4 may be emitted
from stacks from RDF combustion.
There is no waste water treatment involved in the
project
project
project
Project boundary encompasses the physical and geographical site of the renewable generation source.
This includes the MSW processing units, Composting units, fuel handling systems, Boiler, Steam turbine,
Alternator and Southern Grid. The proposed project activity evacuates the power to the Southern Grid.
Therefore, all the power plants contributing electricity to the Southern Grid are taken in the connected
(project) electricity system for the purpose of baseline estimation.

CDM Executive Board
page 22
Fig 3. Project Boundary
Therefore, in the proposed project, the project boundary consists of the waste processing facilities
adjacent to existing disposal sites (of ULBs) located at Karimnagar, Nizamabad and Ramagundam, power
plant located at Rebladevapally. In the absence of the project activity, the waste was being disposed in the
existing disposal site located at Karimnagar, Nizamabad and Ramagundam in a controlled manner. In the
disposal site, compaction and leveling of MSW is being carried out21. However, there was no methane
capturing involved at the site.
21
Detailed Project Report, Chapter 3, section 3.2, Page 18, also confirmed by MA&UD letter

CDM Executive Board
page 23
B.4.
Description of how the baseline scenario is identified and description of the identified
baseline scenario:
>>
The baseline scenario is defined as the most likely scenario in the absence of the proposed CDM project
activity. As per approved methodology, AM0025 version 12, the following alternatives for the
disposal/treatment of the fresh waste in the absence of the project activity are examined for the baseline:
M1. The project activity (i.e. composting, gasification, anaerobic digestion, and RDF processing/thermal
treatment without incineration of organic waste or incineration of waste) not implemented as a CDM
project;
Based on the above alternative, the possible sub alternatives are considered below for evaluation:
M1.a. The project activity bio-methanation (anaerobic digestion) not implemented as a CDM project;
M1.b. The project activity waste gasification not implemented as a CDM project;
M1.c. The project activity composting and RDF processing not implemented as a CDM project;
M2. Disposal of the waste at landfill where landfill gas is flared
M3. Disposal of the waste on a landfill without the capture of landfill gas
In project scenario electricity generated will be exported to southern grid and no heat generation is
envisaged for this project activity hence credible alternatives are also determined for:
Power generation in the absence of the project activity;
For power generation, the realistic and credible alternative(s) may include, inter alia:
P1. Power generated from by-product of one of the options of waste treatment as listed in M1 above, not
undertaken as a CDM project activity.
P2. Existing or Construction of a new on-site or off-site fossil fuel fired cogeneration plant.
P3. Existing or Construction of a new on-site or off-site renewable based cogeneration plant.
P4. Existing or Construction of a new on-site or off-site fossil fuel fired captive power plant.
P5. Existing or Construction of a new on-site or off-site renewable based captive power plant.
P6. Existing and/or new grid-connected power plants.
National and/or sectoral policies and regulation in the baseline:
The Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000 rules has direct influence on the
project baseline scenario. The Ministry of Environment and Forest notified Municipal Solid Waste
Management and Handling) Rules 2000 on 25th September 200022 after widely circulating the draft rules
in 1999 inviting objections and suggestions if any and made it mandatory for all municipal authorities in
the country, irrespective of their size and population, to implement the rules.
In spite of the regulation being notified for many years, there is wide spread non compliance of the
municipal bodies with the rules all over India. The non compliance is evidenced from various report and
22
http://envfor.nic.in/legis/hsm/mswmhr.html

CDM Executive Board
page 24
publications. One such report is titled Assessment of status of MSW waste management in metro cities
and state management in metro cities and state capitals23. The report has been provided to DoE for
verification. Hence the rules are systematically not enforced and the non-compliance with the rules is
widespread in the country.
Assessment of the potential waste management alternatives

Scenario
No.
M1
Scenario
Remarks
The proposed project activity (i.e.

composting,
gasification,
anaerobic
digestion, and RDF processing/thermal
treatment without incineration of organic
waste or incineration of waste) not
implemented as CDM project.
As per the Technical memorandum on

investment and funding strategies, under
National Master Plan for Development of
Waste-to-energy
in
India24,
the
considered technologies for treatment of
MSW based waste with energy
generation operation in the country are:
M1.a. The project activity bio-methanation

(anaerobic
digestion)
not
Bio-methanation
(anaerobic
implemented as a CDM project;
digestion)
M1.b. The project activity waste
Waste gasification
gasification not implemented as a
RDF/Incineration
CDM project;
M1.c. The project activity composting and As per table no. 1-4 of the report, the cost
RDF processing not implemented as a of establishment of MSW based BioCDM project;
methanation and Gasification ranges
from 8.74-16 crores/MW and 11.4212.12 crores/MW respectively for
observed projects in India. This clearly
indicates that the establishment cost of
other two technologies is much capital
intensive than RDF based power
generation, considered as 6.6 crores/MW.
This clearly demonstrates the nonfeasible nature of these projects. Hence,
the same are excluded from consideration
as being non-feasible alternatives in
nature.
Moreover,
Biomethanation
and
Gasification technologies need pure
organic waste as raw material. In the
project activity area, no source
segregartion practice is followed and thus
23
http://cpcbenvis.nic.in/cups65.htm
24
http://mnre.gov.in/nmp/technology-we.pdf

CDM Executive Board
page 25
M2
M3
the project receives mixed MSW as raw

material. Hence the two alternatives of
biomethanation and gasification are not
technically feasible and are excluded.
The alternative M1.c, which is the project
activity, in the absence of CDM and CER
revenues is not feasible as discussed in
section B5. The proposed scenario which
requires a good level of technology and,
therefore, a high initial capital investment
and
associated
operational
and
maintenance costs. Thus M1 is not a
realistic scenario.
Disposal of waste at a landfill (SWDS) This alternative is not economically
where landfill gas captured is flared.
viable since it involves infrastructural
investment and no revenue accruing out
of the activity, thus eliminated.
Moreover, it is not mandatory as per the
MSW 2000 rules, to implement landfill
gas capture and flaring. Even as per the
rules, clause no.6, Schedule II25, landfill
shall be restricted to non-biodegradables
only, which are the source for landfill gas
generation due to decomposition of the
same under anaerobic conditions. Thus
M2 is not a realistic scenario.
Disposal of the waste on a landfill Currently, waste is disposed in the
(SWDS) without the capture of landfill SWDS, where organic matter is broken
gas.
down through uncontrolled anaerobic
processes, releasing methane into the
atmosphere.
This is the common practice followed in
India and in the areas of Karimnagar,
Nizamabad and Ramagundam as evident
from the letter by MA&UD.
There are no barriers involved in this
scenario and is the most widely practiced
method for MSW disposal throughout the
country.
This alternative is taken as the baseline
scenario for the project activity. Thus M3
is the most realistic scenario.
Analysis of scenario for electricity generation

25

CDM Executive Board
page 26
P1. Power generated from by-product of one of the options of waste treatment not undertaken as a CDM
project activity.
This alternative is the project activity without CDM incentive and has been discussed in details in Section
B.5 of PDD.
P2. Existing or Construction of a new on-site or off-site fossil fuel fired cogeneration plant.
P3. Existing or Construction of a new on-site or off-site renewable based cogeneration plant.
The Alternatives P2 and P3 are not considered, as there is no heat/steam generation under the project
activity. Thus cogeneration is not required and hence P2 and P3 are excluded.
P4. Existing or Construction of a new on-site or off-site fossil fuel fired captive power plant.
P5. Existing or Construction of a new on-site or off-site renewable based captive power plant.
P4 and P5 are not realistic alternatives to the project activity, as the project activity is implemented to
generate and export the electricity to grid. The project is an Independent Power Plant (IPP) and will not
supply electricity to any facility/factory of the project participants. Since, there is no on-site demand for
captive power, there is no requirement to setup on-site fossil fuel fired or renewable based captive power
plant. Thus, P4 & P5 are not considered as realistic alternatives to the proposed project activity.
P6. Existing and/or new grid-connected power plants.
The objective of power plant is to generate and export the electricity to the grid system (further to third
party). In the absence of the project activity; the equivalent amount of electricity would have been met by
the existing/new grid connected power plant. Therefore, P6 is considered as the most realistic and
credible baseline alternative.
Analysis of Heat generation baseline alternatives
The project activity does not involve in heat generation and/or supply of the same in any form, thus no
plausible scenarios are identified for heat generation.
Conclusion
Thus as discussed in details in section B.5 of PDD, in the absence of the Project activity, the most likely
baseline scenario is:
M3- Disposal of the waste on a landfill (SWDS) without the capture of landfill gas.
P6 - Existing and/or new grid-connected power plants.
Among the above two alternatives, M3 does not involve any investment as a project and is continuation
of current practice. There is no investment required (except land cost, which is generally owned by
municipal authorities or provided by govt) for the alternative, this scenario in India has been wide spread
and practiced.

CDM Executive Board
page 27
The alternative P6 is generation of power at grid connected power plants. However, the projects in the
grid system are mix of various sources of energy and are dominated by conventional power generation
and is business as usual scenario, without any prohibitive barriers for operations.
Step 2: Identify the fuel for the baseline choice of energy source taking into account the national
and/or sectoral policies as applicable.
The baseline fuels identified are fossil fuels (coal, gas and diesel), which contribute to more than 50% of
the Southern grid installed capacity and energy generation26. The availability of these baseline fuels are
abundant in the country, based on the fuel reserve estimates and various publications27. Hence, there is
abundant availability of baseline fuel and no supply constraint in the country exists.
B.5.
Description of how the anthropogenic emissions of GHG by sources are reduced below
those that would have occurred in the absence of the registered CDM project activity (assessment
and demonstration of additionality):
>>
According to the approved methodology AM0025, version 12, the proposed project activity uses Step 1,
Step 2, Step 3 and Step 4 of the Tool for the demonstration and assessment of additionality, version 06,
approved by EB to determine the additionality.
Step 1 - Identification of alternatives to the project activity consistent with current laws and
regulations.
While identifying the alternatives to the project activity, AM0025, Version 12 directs to use Step 1 of
latest additionality tool. The methodology states that relevant policies and regulations related to the
management of landfill sites should be taken into account. Such policies or regulations may include
mandatory landfill gas capture or destruction requirements because of safety issues or local environmental
regulations. Other policies could include local policies promoting productive use of landfill gas such as
those for the production of renewable energy, or those that promote the processing of solid waste.
Sub-step 1a. Define alternatives to the project activity
According to methodology, alternatives for the disposal/treatment of the fresh waste in the absence of the
project activity, i.e. the scenario relevant for estimating baseline methane emissions, to be analysed
should include inter alia:
Scenario No.
M1
Scenario
The
project
activity
i.e.
composting and RDF production,
not implemented as a CDM project
Remarks
This alternative in the absence of CDM revenues is
not feasible. This option is costly as it provides low
return on investment and moreover there is no
organized market for compost and investment on
26
http://www.cea.nic.in/reports/monthly/executive_rep/may11/8.pdf
27
http://www.coal.nic.in/reserve2.htm;
http://www.business-standard.com/india/storypage.php?autono=333749
http://www.powermin.nic.in/whats_new/pdf/Coal_As_Fuel.pps;
http://www.commodityonline.com/news/Indias-Natural-Gas-reserves-to-last-for-29-years-12554-3-1.html

CDM Executive Board
page 28
M2
Disposal of the waste at a landfill

where landfill gas captured is
flared
M3
Disposal of the waste on a landfill

without the capture of landfill gas
marketing, hence, this alternative would make the

project unfeasible.
This alternative is not economically viable since it
involves infrastructural investment and no revenue
accruing out of the activity28, thus is eliminated as a
viable alternative to the project activity.
This alternative is the continuation current practice
and business as usual scenario. This is the least cost
alternative and is widely practiced in most of the
municipalities in the country.
If energy is exported to a grid and/or to a nearby industry, or used on-site realistic and credible
alternatives should also be separately determined for:
Power generation in the absence of the project activity;
Heat generation in the absence of the project activity.
Project activity involves power generation from the RDF produced which will be exported to Southern
grid. For power generation, AM0025 states that the realistic and credible alternative(s) may include, inter
alia:
P1: Power generated from by-product of one of the options of waste treatment not undertaken as a
CDM project activity;
Scenario P1 may be a considerable alternative to the project activity, however, as demonstrated in the step
2 such activity without CDM revenue is not financially viable and the same is demonstrated below.
P2: Existing or construction of a new on-site or off-site fossil fuel fired cogeneration plant;Since there is no onsite requirement of steam, no onsite fossil fuel fired cogeneration plant will be set up.
Hence no fossil fuel fired cogeneration facility will be set up onsite/offsite. Hence, P2 can neither be
considered a viable alternative nor a baseline scenario.
P3: Existing or construction of a new on-site or off-site renewable based cogeneration plant;
Since there is no onsite requirement of steam, no renewable based cogeneration plant will be set up.
Hence no cogeneration facility will be set up onsite/offsite. Thus, P3 is neither a viable alternative nor a
baseline scenario.
P4: Existing or construction of a new on-site or off-site fossil fuel fired captive power plant;
The project activity is implemented to generate power and export the same to grid. The project is an
Independent Power Plant and will not supply electricity to any facility of the project participants. Since
there is no on-site demand for captive power, there is no requirement to setup on-site fossil fuel fired
captive power plant. Thus, P4 is neither considered a viable alternative nor a baseline scenario.
28
P5: Existing or construction of a new on-site or off-site renewable based captive power plant;
Section 2, pg.no.17, Funding for LFGE projects, Turning a Liability into an Asset: Landfill Methane Utilisation
Potential in India; http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/India_methane.pdf. The table clearly shows that
the landfill recovery projects have only two sources of revenues sale of electricity (based on gas) and CDM
revenues. Hence, a typical landfill gas captured and flared is nothing but similar investment, with no revenues (as
gas is flared), which is clearly not viable.

CDM Executive Board
page 29
The project activity is the project activity is implemented to generate power and export the same to grid.
The project is an Independent Power Plant and will not supply electricity to any facility of the project
participants. Since there is no on-site demand for captive power, there is no requirement to setup on-site
renewable based captive power plant. Hence, P5 is neither considered a viable alternative nor a baseline.
P6: Existing and/or new grid connected power plants
P6 is a credible alternative since in the absence of the project activity would, the equivalent amount of
electricity would have been generated by existing and/ or new grid connected power plants and the grid is
a mix of various sources of energy with fossil fuel as one of the major source of energy. This is the
business-as-usual scenario and a credible alternative.
In summary, scenarios P2, P3, P4 and P5 are not considered creditable alternatives to the project activity
and hence eliminated from further consideration.
Outcome of Step 1a: The various realistic and credible alternative scenario(s) to the project activity have
been identified and provided below:
M3- Disposal of the waste on a landfill (SWDS) without the capture of landfill gas.
P6 - Existing and/or new grid-connected power plants.
M1- The project activity i.e. composting and RDF production, not implemented as a CDM project
P1- Power generated from by-product of one of the options of waste treatment not undertaken as a
CDM project activity
Sub-step 1b: Consistency with mandatory laws and regulations:

All the above alternatives are consistent with existing law and regulations of the country except M3
which is not as per recommendation of MSW Rules 2000 29. However, the current practice in India is
disposal of municipal solid waste without any treatment and processing 30. Hence the rules are
systematically not enforced and the non-compliance with the rules is widespread in the country.
Hence, the most plausible and credible alternatives to the project activity are:
M3+ P6: this is a possible combination and is business as usual scenario which would have
happened in the absence of the project activity.
M1+P1: this is the project activity without CDM benefits. However it is not possible without
CDM benefits as explained in following steps.
M1+P6: this is not possible since this would mean implementing project activity; i.e.,
composting and RDF production without electricity generation or selling the RDF for off-site
power generation. This is not a feasible alternative since this would either mean no electricity
revenue and disposal of RDF in disposal site without utilizing it or sale of RDF for off-site
power generation. Sale of RDF for off-site power generation is not possible since the project
29
30
Sunil Kumar ,Bhattacharyya J.K. , Vaidya A.N., Tapan Chakrabarti , Sukumar Devotta , Akolkar A.B. ,
Assessment of the status of municipal solid waste management in metro cities, state capitals, class I cities, and class
II towns in India: An insight, pg 3

CDM Executive Board
page 30
has been allocated by government as an integrated project including both processing and
power plant. Moreover there is no demand for RDF in the nearby areas.
M3+P1: This is not a possible combination since it would mean disposal of waste in the solid
waste disposal site without any RDF production and thus no raw material for the RDF power
plant
Step 2: Identify the fuel for the baseline choice of energy source taking into account the national
and/or sectoral policies as applicable
The baseline fuels identified are fossil fuels (coal, gas and diesel), which contribute to more than 50% of
the southern grid installed capacity and energy generation31. The availability of these baseline fuels are
abundant in the country, based on the fuel reserve estimates and various publications32. Hence, there is
abundant availability of baseline fuel and no supply constraint in the country exists.
Step 3: The methodology states that Step 2 and/or Step 3 of the latest approved version of the Tool
for demonstration and assessment of additionality shall be used to asses which of these alternatives
should be excluded from further consideration.
Step 2 (Investment analysis) of the latest approved version of the Tool for demonstration and assessment
of additionality has been used.
Step 2- Investment analysis
Sub-step 2a: Determine appropriate analysis method
According to the Tool for the demonstration and assessment of additionality (version 05.2) there are
three options for the execution of the investment analysis.
Option I: Simple cost analysis (the CDM project activity generates no financial or economic benefits
other than CDM related income)
Option II: Investment comparison analysis (the relevant financial indicator (IRR, NPV) is determined
and compared, or
Option III: Benchmark analysis (the relevant financial indicator is compared to a benchmark)
The project will generate revenues from selling compost and power generated from RDF to the third party
and also from credits of emissions reduction, therefore Option I is not applicable. Option II also does not
apply since there is no comparable investment alternative available to the project proponent. The most
appropriate financial analysis method is therefore option III: the benchmark analysis.
The project promoter has thus chosen to apply Option- III of benchmark analysis.
31
http://www.cea.nic.in/reports/monthly/executive_rep/may11/8.pdf
32
http://www.coal.nic.in/reserve2.htm;
http://www.business-standard.com/india/storypage.php?autono=333749
http://www.powermin.nic.in/whats_new/pdf/Coal_As_Fuel.pps;
http://www.commodityonline.com/news/Indias-Natural-Gas-reserves-to-last-for-29-years-12554-3-1.html

CDM Executive Board
page 31
Sub-step 2b: Option III. Apply benchmark analysis

The likelihood of development of this project, as opposed to continuation of its baseline has been
determined by calculating its IRR with the benchmark of likely interest rate at which the loan sanctioning
for the project was expected. The Prime Lending Rate (PLR) of Reserve Bank of India (RBI) which is the
publicly available information when the initial investment decision taken on 20 June 2008 was at 12.75
%33. However, the project participant had expected loan sanctioning at an interest rate of 10.5% based on
the then circumstances and negotiations. Hence, the investment in operation of the plants would be
considered financially attractive, if the IRR of the plant is at least above the interest rate, at which the
funding was received by plant i.e. 10.5%. The funding pattern is 75:25, i.e., 75% debt and 25% equity.
Thus 10.5% has been taken as appropriate benchmark for the project which is conservative.
The investment analysis has been carried out in according to the Guidance on the investment analysis,
version 05. The assumptions considered in the analysis and their compliance with the guidelines is
provided in the below table:
Guidance34
Project compliance
General issues in calculation and presentation
Period of assessment
The project assessment period is considered as 20 years,
which is the expected operational life time of the project.
This period is also in line with the guideline, suggesting a
minimum of 10 years and a maximum of 20 years based
on equipment supplier letter is considered as appropriate.
Salvage value
Considered 10% conform to CERC norms vide Page No.
19/72 of CERC Order dated 26 Mar 200435 The salvage
value for civil works has been considered as the residual
value of all the civil costs at the end of 20 years.
Depreciation and other non-cash After deducting in the profit before tax calculations,
items
Depreciation is added back into the net cash inflow,
since, it is not considered as actual expense incurred.
Depreciation values are considered for tax calculations, as
the investment analysis is calculated for post tax IRR.
The depreciation rates are considered as per the Income
Tax provisions for tax calculations and companies act for
book depreciation for the respective year36.
Time of assessment and input values
The investment analysis was carried out during the
decision making period of the project, Phase I decision in
2008 and Phase II in January 2011. The initial decision
33
http://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/PublicationsView.aspx?id=12003 or
http://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/Publications/PDFs/T1101_STST1118.pdf
34
Tool for the demonstration and assessment of additionality, Version 5.2. Annex: Guidance on the Assessment of
Investment Analysis Version 02. Point no 1 & 2 of the guidance refers to general introduction.
35
36
http://cercind.gov.in/13042007/Terms_and_conditions_of_tariff.pdf
Direct Tax Ready Reckoner by Dr. Vinod K Singhania

CDM Executive Board
page 32
Restart of project implementation

Provision of investment analysis
spread sheets
Cost of financing expenditure
was made in 2008, after that the project configuration

changed. The input values considered in the estimation
were based on the DPR dated December 2010 prepared
by Waste Management consultants approved by Ministry
of Urban Development, Government of India. This DPR
is instrumental in the decision implement the project the
project in its present form. The data/information
considered in the DPR are based on the available
information, schedule of rates and quotations from
equipment suppliers at the time of DPR preparation
Not applicable to the project
Spread sheets has been provided as per the requirement.
Cost of financing expenditure such as interest and loan

repayments are not included in the IRR calculation.
Equity IRR
Selection and Validation of Appropriate Benchmarks
Application
&
suitability
of As the project IRR is calculated to demonstrate the
benchmark
investment analysis, the expected loan sanction rate
which is 10.5% has been considered as benchmark.
Risk premiums
Investment comparison analysis and benchmark analysis
Benchmark analysis
Benchmark analysis is applied to the project, as the
baseline scenario of the project, as described in the
section B4, is supply of electricity from the grid system in
the absence of the project activity.
Sensitivity analysis
Sensitivity analysis Consideration of All the variables of capital investment, O&M expenses
variables
and project revenues, which constitute more than 20% of
project cost/revenue are considered for the analysis.
Sensitivity analysis range of In the sensitivity analysis, the range of variation
variation
considered for all the variable is 10% and the same is
subjected to both positive and negative variation, as
suggested in the tool.
Sub-step 2c. Calculation and comparison of financial indicators

The project IRR for the proposed project activity without CDM revenue is computed for a period of 20
years lifetime. Copies of the relevant documents for the considered input values have been provided to
DOE for Validation.
Particulars
Total Capacity
Units
kW
Plant load factor
Investment analysis
Values
Basis
12000
DPR & Permission letter from state
Nodal Agency (NEDCAP)
80
DPR & APERC norms. Further the

CDM Executive Board
page 33
Particulars
Units
Tariff Rate
Rs. /kWh
CER Rate
Euro/tCO2
Exchange Rate Euro

Total Project Cost
Rs.
Rs. In
million
Equity
Rs. in
million
Loan
Rs. In
million
Interest on Term
Loan
Repayment period of
loan
Moratorium period
Income Tax
MAT
%
Quarters
Quarters
%
%
Investment analysis
Values
Basis
considered value is inline with the
Equipment supplier vide letter dated
16 March 2011. Thus the considered
value is meeting the requirement of
Anne 11 of EB 48
3.61
DPR for Phase I prepared by APTDC
and PPA
12
http://www.carbonyatra.com/news_d
etail.php?id=991
65
RBI Rate Archive
1261
DPR wherein the project cost
estimated based on the Schedule of
rates and quotations by third party
project consultant and Interest during
construction
315.3
DPR based on the Schedule of rates
and quotations plus Interest during
Construction
945.8
DPR based on the Schedule of rates
and quotations plus Interest during
Construction
10.50
As per ILFS sanction 15 October
2008
40
As per ILFS sanction 15 October
2008
8
33.99
Section 143, Income Tax Act 1961
16.995
Income tax rules
Break-up of the Capital Cost

Parameter
RDF Processing Plants (1400 TPD)
Compost Plants (850 TPD)
Power Plant (12 MW)
Tipper trucks for transportation of finished
products
Taxes and Duties
Working Capital @ one month electricity
revenue and 2 months compost revenue
Interest During Construction (1 Year Interest)
Total
Parameters
Amount (INR, million)

Phase-I
Phase-II
200.20
97.40
0.00
324.1
366.10
0.00
16.20
25.80
Total
297.6
324.1
0.00
42.00
51.90
0.00
16.1
33.00
68.00
33.00
0.00
634.40
130.00
626.40
130.00
1261.00
Rate of Return

CDM Executive Board
page 34
Minimum expected rate of return (benchmark)

Rate of return without CDM benefits
Rate of return with CDM benefits
10.5 %
6.09 %
18.62 %
The financial analysis conducted during inception of project as per the DPR prepared by APTDC (A
Government of Andhra Pradesh venture) has been presented to DOE. The financial analysis shows that
even during inception project IRR without CDM was 9.75% i.e. below the benchmark rate of 10.5%. Only
with CDM revenue was the project able to achieve a reasonable return of 14.9%.
Though the project has not been implemented as per the configuration specified in the DPR, the DPR
clearly proves that CDM benefit was critical even during the inception of the project.
As shown above, the project IRR is much below the benchmark expected and only with CDM revenues the
project will achieve the required benchmark. Thus, successful CDM registration of this project activity is
imperative to make it financially attractive.
Sub-step 2d. Sensitivity analysis
The purpose of sensitivity analysis is to examine whether the conclusion regarding the financial viability
of the proposed project is sound and tenable with those reasonable variations in the assumptions. The
investment analysis provides a valid argument in favor of additionality only if it consistently supports (for
realistic range of assumptions) the conclusion that the project activity is unlikely to be the most financially
attractive or is likely to be financially attractive.
Thus, a sensitivity analysis was also applied to the IRR calculations to measure the impact, positive or
negative, of changes in the indicated parameters. The project proponent has chosen various factors as
critical to the operations of the project in accordance with Guidance on the Assessment of Investment
Analysis (Version- 02, paragraph- 16), which states that only variables, including the initial investment
cost, that constitute more than 20% of either total project costs or total project revenues should be
subjected to reasonable variation.
These factors were subjected to 10% variation on either side, to ascertain the impact on the profitability
and hence, the IRR of the project. The results of the sensitivity analysis are as presented below:
Sensitivity parameter
Cost of RDF Plant
Cost of Compost Plant
Cost of Power Plant
PLF
Electricity Revenue
Compost Revenue
O&M Compost
O&M RDF
O&M Power plant
Total Project Cost
Total O&M Cost
Total Revenue
Variation and resultant IRR

0
-10%
+10%
6.4%
6.09%
5.8%
6.4%
6.09%
5.8 %
6.5%
6.09%
5.7 %
0.8%
6.09%
9.6%
6.09%
0.8%
8%
6.09%
3.9 %
8%
7.6%
6.09%
4.3%
7.6%
6.09%
4.4%
7.1%
6.09%
4.9%
7.5%
6.09%
4.9%
10.2%
6.09%
-1.4%
-3.7%
6.09%
11.1%

CDM Executive Board
page 35
Thus, the sensitivity analysis for the project clearly reveals that even with subjecting the key parameters
to significant changes, the project IRR does not cross benchmark rate. The parameter variations, at which
IRR crossing the benchmark rate is provided below.
Sensitivity parameter
Cost of RDF Plant
Cost of Compost Plant
Cost of Power Plant
PLF
Electricity Revenue
Compost Revenue
O&M Compost
O&M RDF
O&M Power plant
Total Project Cost
Total O&M Cost
Total Revenue
% of sensitivity crossing the

benchmark
>-100% (-115%)
>-100% (-105%)
-93%
14%
14%
28%
-35%
-35%
-51%
-27%
-11%
9%
The project activity crosses the benchmark in the above scenarios. However, the same is considered not
possible for the following reasons:
Cost of RDF Plants - The possibility of reduction in cost of RDF plants by -115% is not realistic since
more than 100% reduction means cost is zero and no RDF plant is constructed which is not possible.
Cost of Compost Plants - The possibility of reduction in cost of compost plants by -105% is not realistic
since more than 100% reduction means cost is zero and no compost plant is constructed which is not
possible.
Cost of Power Plant - The possibility of reduction in cost of power plant by -93% is not realistic since
more than 90% reduction means almost negligible cost and no power plant is constructed which is not
possible.
PLF The PLF of the project has been determined by EPC contractor based on the plant design and
specifications. The project activity considered the maximum PLF achievable as 80%. As per APERC
tariff order 2004 & 2009, the threshold PLF achievable for biomass project is taken at 80%. Biomass fuel,
being superior and having high calorific value (also permitted as supplementary fuel) than RDF, the
threshold limit for biomass project is still considered as 80% only. Hence, consideration of 80% PLF for
RDF based power project is reasonable. Moreover, in a similar plant in India in the same state SESL 6
MW Municipal Solid Waste Based Power Project at Vijayawada & Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 37 (also
registered CDM Project) 4 year average PLF is 28%. Maximum PLF was achieved in 2004 as 47.71%
after which the PLF has shown a decreasing trend. The best PLF of the plant was witnessed in January
2005 with a PLF of 91%. However in the year 2005, the PLF was only 42%. Expecting a average PLF in
excess of 91% for a period of 20 years is not a realistic.
37
http://cdm.unfccc.int/Projects/DB/SGS-UKL1171644490.79/view

CDM Executive Board
page 36
Sales income Electricity The electricity tariff considered for the project is based on the PPA entered
with the purchasers. However, the escalation in the tariff considered for the project from third year
onwards is 5%, which is conservative, even as per the escalations considered by the APERC. The
maximum escalation observed for MSW based power projects in the state since 2004 was only 5% 38 and
hence, the same is realistic. The increase in sales income or tariff by 14%, is hence, not a possible
scenario.
Sales income compost In case of sales income, the situation and barriers faced by Indian MSW based
compost units in the past is worth noting. Most of the MSW based compost units in India have faced
severe barriers in acceptability of waste based compost and hence, marketing and sale of the same is
found to be difficult. As a result, many of the compost units have been shutdown 39. Under these
experiences and circumstances, successful marketing and sale of total compost produced to the
farmers/users is a challenge. Moreover the yield of compost has been taken as 20% which is conservative
considering the existing similar plants40 have reported a yield of 9% and 14%. Hence, increase in the
compost price and production by 28% is not expected.
O&M Cost: Compost The O&M considered for the project activity is based on the minimum
requirements for running smooth operations for the composting facilities. 35% decrease in O&M Cost
would mean substantial underutilisation in capacity which would affect composting revenue and hence
not a reasonable option for PP.
O&M Cost: RDF Processing facilities The O&M considered for the project activity is based on the
minimum requirements for running smooth operations for the RDF processing facilities. 35% decrease in
O&M Cost would mean substantial underutilisation in capacity which would affect supply of RDF to
power plant thereby effecting the performance of power plant as well and hence not a reasonable option
for PP.
O&M Cost: Power Plant The O&M considered for the project activity is based on the minimum
requirements for running smooth operations for the power plant. 51% decrease in O&M Cost would mean
substantial underutilisation in capacity which would affect revenue from sale of electricity and hence not
a reasonable option for PP.
Total Project Cost: the total project cost has been worked out based on the requirements for setting up a
integrated MSW processing facility and a RDF based power plant. Decrease in project cost for all the
facilities (RDF Processing, composting and power plant) by 27% simultaneously is not a realistic scenario
since the infrastructure would not be complete and thus project will not be able to operate.
Total O&M Cost: total O&M cost comprises of O&M for RDF all processing plants, composting plants
and power plant. The project remains additional upto 11% decrease in total O&M cost. However, such a
increase is not possible since simultaneous decrease in all the parameters in O&M like fuel cost, power
cost, packaging, manpower cost, plant repair and maintenance for all the plants and power plant is not
38
APERC Tariff Order 31 March 2009
39
Pg.no. 182, Specific recommendations on modernization/renovation of existing plants, Annexure B, Waste to

wealth, Inter ministerial task force on integrated plant nutrient management, Ministry of Urban development.
40
http://cdm.unfccc.int/Projects/DB/RWTUV1239793328.54/view
http://cdm.unfccc.int/Projects/DB/RWTUV1238763879.05/view

CDM Executive Board
page 37
realistic. Moreover, such decrease in all parameters together would mean that project is not operating
properly and thus would also have a negative impact on project revenue stream.
Total revenues: total revenue includes revenue from electricity sale, compost sale and ash sale. The
project crosses benchmark after 9% increase in all the revenue streams together, however such a increase
is not possible since the revenue has been worked out based on best plant operation conditions and further
increase in revenue in all streams together would mean increase in O&M cost as well for composting
facilities, RDF processing facilities and power plant which means that the revenue stream contains three
sources of revenue viz electricity revenue, compost revenue and revenue from sale of ash. Simultaneous
increase would mean overutilization of the project and thus increase in operation and maintenance cost as
well. Thus this scenario is not a realistic one.
In conclusion, the above description clearly demonstrates that the possibility of such extreme variations in
the key parameters is unlikely and hence, the project sensitivity analysis is robust and clearly
demonstrates project additionality.
Therefore, the project activity is clearly additional and is not a businessasusual scenario. The project
can become financially attractive only with the CDM benefit.
Hence project activity (M1+P1) cannot be a baseline scenario.
Step 4. Common practice analysis:

For analysis of common practice, EB 63, Annex 12, Guidelines on Common Practice (Version 01.0) has
been followed by the project proponent.
According to the guidelines the following has been defined:
Applicable geographical area: India
Measure(for emission reduction activities): Power generation from RDF displacing the grid
electricity and Integrated MSW processing facilities (RDF and composting plants)
Output: (a) Power from MSW derived RDF and (b) RDF and Compost
The stepwise analysis for Common Practice has been carried out.
Step 1: Calculate applicable output range as +/-50% of the design output or capacity of the proposed
project activity
Since the proposed project activity is a 12 MW MSW power plant, the +/- 50% output range
would be 6-18 MW.
The integrated facility is of capacity 1400 TPD, the +/- 50% output range would be 700-2100
TPD.
Step 2: In the applicable geographical area, identify all plants that deliver the same output or capacity,
within the applicable output range calculated in Step 1, as the proposed project activity and have started
commercial operation before the start date of the project. Note their number Nall. Registered CDM
project activities shall not be included in this step
All the plants which have been commissioned before December 2010 have been considered in Common
Practice Analysis.

CDM Executive Board
page 38
There are only two MSW to power projects which are operational in India as listed in Appendix 1.
However both the projects have applied for CDM benefits and thus not considered in common practice
analysis.
In accordance with Appendix 1; the total number of waste processing plants in India in the capacity range
of 700-2100 is 341. However, only two of them are integrated facilities which have already applied for
CDM benefits as shown in Appendix 1. Thus Nall = 1
Step 3: Within plants identified in Step 2, identify those that apply technologies different that the
technology applied in the proposed project activity. Note their number Ndiff
The total number of waste processing plants in India in the capacity range of 700-2100 is 3, however only
two are integrated facilities similar to the project activity which have also applied for CDM benefits. Thus
Ndiff = 1
Step 4: Calculate factor F=1-Ndiff/Nall representing the share of plants using technology similar to the
technology used in the proposed project activity in all plants that deliver the same output or capacity as
the proposed project activity.
F=1-Ndiff/Nall
=1- 1/1
=0
The proposed project activity is a common practice within a sector in the applicable geographical area if
the factor F is greater than 0.2 and Nall-Ndiff is greater than 3.
Since the factor F is 0 and Nall-Ndiff is also less than 3, hence the proposed project activity is not a Common
Practice.
From the above analysis, it can be concluded that the proposed project activity is not common practice and
faces prohibitive barrier. Hence the project passed step 4.
CDM prior consideration:
As per Guidelines on the demonstration and assessment of prior consideration of the CDM42
A. Project activities with a starting date on or after 02 August 2008, the project participant must
inform a Host Party DNA and the UNFCCC secretariat in writing of the commencement of the
project activity and of their intention to seek CDM status. Such notification must be made within
six months of the project activity start date.
B. For project with start date prior to 2nd August 2008, the project participant must indicate, by
41
http://www.seas.columbia.edu/earth/wtert/sofos/Sustainable%20Solid%20Waste%20Management%20in%20India_
Final.pdf
42
http://cdm.unfccc.int/Reference/Guidclarif/reg/reg_guid04.pdf

CDM Executive Board
page 39
means of reliable evidence, that continuing and real actions were taken to secure CDM status for
the project in parallel with its implementation. Evidence to support this should include, inter alia,
contracts with consultants for CDM/PDD/methodology services, Emission Reduction Purchase
Agreements or other documentation related to the sale of the potential CERs (including
correspondence with multilateral financial institutions or carbon funds), evidence of agreements or
negotiations with a DOE for validation services, submission of a new methodology to the CDM
Executive Board, publication in newspaper, interviews with DNA, earlier correspondence on the
project with the DNA or the UNFCCC secretariat.
The guidance further states that in validating proposed CDM project activities where:
i.
ii.
iii.
There is less than 2 years of a gap between the documented evidence the DOE shall conclude that
continuing and real actions were taken to secure CDM status for the project activity;
the gap between documented evidence is greater than 2 years and less than 3 years, the DOE may
validate that continuing and real actions were taken to secure CDM status for the project activity
and shall justify any positive or negative validation opinion based on the context of the evidence
and information assessed;
the gap between documented evidence is greater than 3 years, the DOE shall conclude that
continuing and real actions were not taken to secure CDM status for the project activity.
Description of the event

Board decision to proceed with CDM
LOI for Boiler [Start date of the project Activity]
Appointment of CDM consultants
Intimation to UNFCCC CDM Registry
Local stakeholders consultation
Appointment of DOE
Application for Host country approval
Meeting at MoEF for Host country approval
Issuance of Host country approval
Date
20/06/2008
11/07/2008
12/09/2008
17/11/2008
03/01/2009
11/03/2009
02/05/2009
19/06/2009
21/08/2009
The project activity with a start date 11 July 2008 fulfills condition B as the project has seriously
considered CDM in the project decisions and is the key factor in investment decisions. As mentioned
above, the project proponent has been taking continuous measures to achieve CDM registration of the
project including submitting a prior consideration form to UNFCCC within a time frame of 6 months from
the start date of project activity and the chronology of real actions have been provided clearly evidencing
the same in the above table.
The project activity was initially envisaged as a 10 MW project and obtained clearances for the same
capacity only. Though, the project envisaged initially as 10 MW, the financial feasibility of the project
was clearly uncertain and the project proponent has seriously considered CDM, in order to proceed with
the project. However, considering the high risk involved and low returns from the project activity and
marginal difference in the cost of equipment for 10 MW and 12 MW, the project proponent has decided
to take the project as 12 MW during conceptualization stage. Since then, the PP has initiated the
necessary actions to obtain license and approvals for the 12 MW project. Envisaging the sanction of 12

CDM Executive Board
page 40
MW license, the project proponent has designed the project facility accordingly. However, the initial
investment decisions of the project have not considered the composting activities as part of the project.
After realizing that the significant CDM revenue from the project activity is through treatment of organic
waste (apart from RDF production and power generation), which is critical to ensure project viability, the
project proponents have changed the complete design of the project to integrated solid waste management
facility, including composting units. A board decision has been taken to proceed with the same and ensure
project financial viability in 17/01/2011. As the complete design of the project has been changed, the
latest investment decision of the project proponent is more relevant in the project context. Though, the
power plant has obtained loan and has been commissioned, the project activity is still under
implementation, divided in phase wise manner (provided under investment analysis). The integrated
treatment facility with all the components proposed under the project, with actual cost of the phase I and
proposed cost of phase II, forms the basis for the investment decision for the complete project and is
crucial in project implementation. During the preparation of the DPR for the integrated facility, phase I
and II costs are considered and financial viability has been assessed, which still indicates the CDM
revenues are vital in project viability. Hence, The Phase I & II together form the integrated facility for
MSW waste management and power generation.
In line with the expectations, the project has obtained necessary, G.Os, licenses and approvals for
enhancement of power plant capacity to 12 MW as listed below:
Proceedings of Non-conventional Energy Development Corporation of A.P Ltd. (NEDCAP) dated 25
January 2011 on enhancement of capacity from 10 to 12 MW
Agreement dated 1 February 2011 between NEDCAP and Shalivahana.
Chief Electrical Inspector Approval dated 1 March 2011
Consent for Establishment from PCB for 12 MW dated 7 July 2011
and is under process for implementation of composting facilities. The CDM activities have been inline
and continuous actions are ensured to achieve the registration of the project. Supporting documents for
the above decisions and chronology are provided to DoE.
Based on the above analysis, it can be concluded that the project activity considered here is additional and
would not have occurred without CDM revenues.
B.6.
Emission reductions:
B.6.1. Explanation of methodological choices:

>>
Approved baseline and monitoring methodology AM0025- Avoided emissions from organic waste
through alternative waste treatment processes, Version 12 has been used to calculate emission reductions
from the project. The estimation of project emission, baseline emission and leakage emission are described
below.
Project emissions
The proposed project uses MSW processing (RDF and compost production processes) to treat the organic
waste and generation of renewable energy in a RDF plant. Therefore, the project emissions in year y are
calculated as follows:
PEy = PEelec,y + PEfuel, on-site,y + PEc,y + PEa,y + PEg,y+ PEr,y+ PEi,y+PEw,y + PEco-firing,y
( 1)

CDM Executive Board
page 41
Where:
PEy
PEelec,y
PEfuel, on-site,y
PEc,y
PEa,y
PEg,y
PEr,y
PEi,y
PEw,y
PEco-firing,y
=Is the project emissions during the year y (tCO2e)

=Is the emissions from electricity consumption on-site due to the project activity
in year y (tCO2e)
=Is the emissions on-site due to fuel consumption on-site in year y (tCO2e)
=Is the emissions during the composting process in year y (tCO2e)
=Is the emissions from the anaerobic digestion process in year y (tCO2e)
=Is the emissions from the gasification process in year y (tCO2e)
=Is the emissions from the combustion of RDF/stabilized biomass in year y
(tCO2e)
=Is the emissions from waste incineration in year y (tCO2e)
=Is the emissions from wastewater treatment in year y (tCO2e)
= Is the emissions from thermal energy generation/electricity generation from on
site fossil fuel consumption during co-firing in year y (tCO2e)
The project activity involves composting & RDF processing along with generation of electricity from
RDF produced. However, the project may also include biomass and coal consumption in case of
emergency. Therefore the above equation becomes:
PEy
PEy
PEelec,y
PEfuel, on-site,y
PEc,y
PEr,y
PEco-firing,y
PEelec,y + PEfuel,on-site,y + PEc,y + PEr,y + PEco-firing,y
(2)
=Is the project emissions during the year y (tCO2e)

=Is the emissions from electricity consumption on site due to the project activity
in year y (tCO2e)
=Is the emissions on-site due to fuel consumption on-site in year y (tCO2e)
=Is the emissions during the composting process in year y (tCO2e)
=Is the emissions from the combustion of RDF in year y (tCO2e)
= Is the emissions from on-site cosumption of fossil fuels for electricity
generation during co-firing in the year y (tCO2e)
Emissions from electricity use on site (PEelec,y)

The project uses electricity from the Southern grid at processing plants located at Karimnagar, Nizamabad
and Ramagundam. The emissions from electricity use are therefore calculated as:
PEelec,y =
Where:
EGPJ,FF,y
CEFelec
EGPJ,FF,y * CEFelec
(3)
Is the amount of electricity generated in an on-site fossil fuel fired power plant or
consumed from the grid as a result of the project activity, measured using an electricity
meters (MWh) at each of the processing facility separately
Is the carbon emissions factor for electricity consumed in the project activity
(tCO2e/MWh)
Emissions from fuel use on-site (PEfuel,on-site,y)

Project participants shall account for CO2 emissions from any on-site fuel combustion (other than
electricity generation, e.g. vehicles used on-site, heat generation, for starting the gasifier, auxiliary fossil

CDM Executive Board
page 42
fuels need to be added into incinerator etc.). Emissions are calculated from the quantity of fuel used and
the specific CO2-emission factor of the fuel, as follows:
PEfuel,on-site,y
Where:
PEfuel,on-site,y
Fcons,y
NCVfuel
EFfuel
Fcons,y * NCVfuel * EFfuel
(4)
= Is the CO2 emissions due to on-site fuel (diesel) combustion in year y (tCO2)
= Is the fuel consumption on site in year y (liters or kg)
= Is the net caloric value of the fuel (MJ/l or MJ/kg)
= Is the CO2 emissions factor of the fuel (tCO2/MJ)
As per methodology project participants may use IPCC default values for the net calorific values and CO 2
emission factors used for ex-ante estimation of emission reductions, as there are no country specific or
local values available. However, the same will be monitored ex-post and used in emission reduction
estimates.
Emissions from composting (PEc,y)
PEc,y
Where:
PEc,N2O,y
PEc,CH4,y
PEc,N2O,y + PEc,CH4,y
(5)
Is the N2O emissions during the composting process in year y (tCO2e)

Is the emissions during the composting process due to methane production through
anaerobic conditions in year y (tCO2e)
N2O emissions
The N2O emissions from composting are calculated as follows 43:
PEc,N2O,y =
Mcompost,y * EF c,N2O * GWPN2O
(6)
Where:
PEc,N2O,y
Mcompost,y
EFc,N2O
GWPN2O
Is the N2O emissions from composting in year y (tCO2e)

Is the total quantity of compost produced in year y (tonnes/annum)
Is the emission factor for N2O emissions from the composting process (tN2O/t compost)
Is the global warming potential of nitrous oxide, (tCO2/tN2O).
Based on these values, default emission factor of 0.043 kg N2O per tonne of compost for EFc,N2O is used.
CH4 emissions
During the composting process, pockets of anaerobic conditions isolated areas in the composting heap
where oxygen concentrations are so low that the biodegradation process turns anaerobic may occur. The
emission behaviour of such pockets is comparable to the anaerobic situation in a landfill. This is a
potential emission source for methane similar to anaerobic conditions which occur in unmanaged
landfills. Through pre-determined sampling procedures, the percentage of waste that degrades under
43
Assuming 650 kg dry matter per ton of compost and 42 mg N2O-N, and given the molecular relation of 44/28 for
N2O-N, an emission factor of 0.043 kg N2O / tonne compost results.

CDM Executive Board
page 43
anaerobic conditions can be determined. Using this percentage, project methane emissions from
composting is calculated as follows:
PEc,CH4,y =
Where:
PEc,CH4,y
Sa,y
MBcompost,y
MBcompost,y * Sa,y
(7)
Is the project methane emissions due to anaerobic conditions in the composting process
in year y (tCO2e)
Is the share of waste that degrades under anaerobic conditions in the composting plant
during the year y (%)
Is the quantity of methane that would be produced in the landfill in the absence of the
composting activity in year y (tCO2). MBcompost,y is estimated by multiplying MBy
estimated from equation 23 of the methodology by the fraction of waste diverted, from
the landfill to the composting activity (fc) relative to the total waste diverted from the
landfill to all project activities.
Where:
BECH4,SWDS,y = Is the methane generation from the landfill in the absence of the project activity at year y
that is methane emissions avoided during the year y from preventing waste disposal at the
solid waste disposal site during the period from the start of the project activity to the end
of the year y (tCO2e) as calculated in the .Tool to determine methane emissions avoided
from disposal of waste at a solid waste disposal site. The tool estimates methane
generation adjusted for, using adjustment factor (f), any landfill gas in the baseline that
would have been captured and destroyed to comply with relevant regulations or
contractual requirements, or to address safety and odor concerns. As this is already
accounted for in equation 19, in this methodology, .f. in the tool shall be assigned a value
0.
Calculation of Sa,y
To determine the oxygen content during the process, oxygen content will be measured according to a
predetermined sampling scheme and frequency. The percentage of the measurements that show oxygen
content below 10% is presumed to be equal to the share of waste that degrades under anaerobic conditions
(i.e. that degrades as if it were landfilled); hence the emissions caused by this share are calculated as
project emissions ex-post on an annual basis (Eq. 7 of AM0025, version 12):
S a,y
Where:
SOD,y
Stotal,y
S OD,y / Stotal,y
(8)
Is the number of samples per year with an oxygen deficiency (i.e. oxygen content below
10%)
Is the total number of samples taken per year, where S total,y should be chosen in a manner
that ensures the estimation of Sa,y with 20% uncertainty at a 95% confidence level
The produced compost would be used as soil conditioner. The soil application would be monitored as per
the provisions of the monitoring methodology to ensure that it is not eventually disposed of in landfills.

CDM Executive Board
page 44
Emissions from combustion of RDF (PEr,y)

The stack gas from the gasification process and the combustion of RDF 44 may contain small amounts of
methane and nitrous oxide. Moreover, fossil-based waste CO2 emissions from the gasification process and
the combustion of RDF should be accounted for.
PEr,y
Where:
PE r,f,y
PE r,s,y
PEr,f,y + PE r,s,y
(9)
= Is the fossil-based waste CO2 emissions from RDF combustion in year y (tCO2e)
= Is the N2O and CH4 emissions from the final stacks from RDF combustion in year y
(tCO2e)
Emissions from fossil-based waste (PE r,f,y)

The CO2 emissions will be calculated based on the monitored amount of fossil-based waste fed into RDF
combustor, the fossil-derived carbon content, and combustion efficiency. The calculation of CO 2 derived
from gasification/incineration of waste of fossil origin and combusting RDF/stabilized biomass including
waste of fossil origin, is estimated using either of the following options:
(10)
Where:
PEr,f,y
Ai
CCWi
FCFi
EF
44/12
=Is the fossil-based waste CO2 emissions from RDF-combustion in year y

(tCO2e)
=Is the amount of waste type ifed into the RDF combustor plant (t/yr)
=Is the fraction of carbon content in waste type i (fraction)
=Is the fraction of fossil carbon in total carbon of waste type i (fraction)
=Is the combustion efficiency for waste (fraction)
=Is the conversion factor (tCO2/tC)
Emissions from RDF combustion were estimated from given option; option 2 was chosen and given
below:
(11)
Where:
Qbiomass,y
EFN2O
EFCH4
GWPN2O
GWPCH4
= Is the amount of RDF combusted in year y (tonnes/yr)

= Is the aggregate N2O emission factor for waste combustion (kgN2O/tonne of waste)
= Is the aggregate CH4 emission factor for waste combustion (kgCH4/tonne of waste)
= Is the Global Warming Potential of nitrous oxide (tCO2e/tN2O)
= Is the Global Warming Potential of methane (tCO2e /tCH4)
Default emission factor are chosen from section 5.4.2 and 5.4.3 of chapter 5, volume 5 of IPCC 2006
guidelines
Emissions from thermal energy generation/electricity generation (from on-site fossil fuel consumption
44
RDF can be combusted to produce electricity, thermal energy or both (cogeneration).

CDM Executive Board
page 45
during co-firing) (PEco-firing,y)

Project participants will account for CO2 emissions from any on-site fossil fuel combustion during cofiring with waste for electricity generation using the following formula. Emissions are calculated from the
quantity of fossil fuel used and the specific CO2-emission factor of the fuel, as follows:
PEco-firing,y
Where:
PEco-firing,y
Fcofiring,y
NCVfossilfuel
EFfossilfuel
Fco-firing,y * NCVfossilfuel * EFfossilfuel
= Is the CO2 emissions due to on-site fuel combustion in year y (tCO2)

= Is the amount of fossil fuel consumption for electricity generation in the year y (kg)
= Is the net caloric value of the fossil fuel (MJ/kg)
= Is the CO2 emissions factor of the fuel (tCO2/MJ)
Baseline emissions
To calculate the baseline emissions project participants shall use the following equation:
BEy
Where:
BEy
MBy
(MBy - MDreg,y) + BEEN,y
(12)
Is the baseline emissions in year y (tCO2e)

Is the methane produced in the landfill in the absence of the project activity in
year y (t4CO2e)
Is the methane that would be destroyed in the absence of the project activity in
year y(t4CO2e)
Baseline emissions from generation of energy displaced by the project activity in
year y (tCO2e).
MDreg,y
BEEN,y
As per the methodology AM0025, version 12,

MD reg, y =
MBy * AF
Where:
AF
Is Adjustment Factor for MBy (%)
(13)
In cases where regulatory or contractual requirements do not specify MD reg,y, an Adjustment Factor (AF)
shall be used and justified, taking into account the project context.
The parameter AF is estimated as follows:
In cases where a specific system for collection and destruction of methane is mandated by
regulatory or contractual requirements, the ration between the destruction efficiency of that
system and the destruction efficiency of the system used in the project activity is used.
In cases where a specific percentage of the generated amount of methane to be collected and
destroyed is specified in the contract or mandated by the regulation, this percentage divided by an
assumed efficiency for the collection and destruction system used in the project activity is used.

CDM Executive Board
page 46
The Adjustment Factor shall be revised at the start of each new crediting period taking into account the
amount of GHG flaring that occurs as part of common industry practice and/or regulation at that point in
future.
None of the above case applies for this project activity, hence Adjustment Factor is considered as zero,
resulting in MD reg, y = 0. Thus equation 13 becomes
BEy
MBy + BEEN, y
(14)
Rate of compliance
In cases where there are regulations that mandate the use of one of the project activity treatment options
and which is not being enforced, the baseline scenario is identified as a gradual improvement of waste
management practices to the acceptable technical options expected over a period of time to comply with
the MSW Management Rules. The adjusted baseline emissions (BEy,a) are calculated as follows:
(15)
Where:
BEy
= Is the CO2-equivalent emissions as determined from equation (15)
RATECompliance,y = Is the state-level compliance rate of the MSW Management Rules in that year y. The
compliance rate shall be lower than 50%; if it exceeds 50% the project activity shall
receive no further credit
The compliance ratio RATECompliancey shall be monitored ex post based on the official reports from Central
pollution control board (CPCB), Andhra Pradesh pollution control board (APPCBs) or credible
publications by institutes in India.
Based on the CPCB Annual Report, 2008-09 published in March 2010, compliance rate to MSW rules is
0.81%45. However gradual improvement in MSW management systems is expected in the future. Still
complete compliance to MSW Rules 2000 remains a distant dream. There is no official data available
about the status of compliance to MSW Rules in the country, thus in absence of the same, a conservative
value of 10% is assumed for ex-ante estimations. However, this parameter would be monitored for expost and updated each year to calculate emission reductions.
Methane generation from the landfill in the absence of the project activity (MBy)
The amount of methane that is generated each year (MBy) is calculated as per the latest version of the
approved Tool to determine Emissions from solid waste disposal sites. The tool can be used to
determine emissions for the following types of applications:
45
Application A: The CDM project activity mitigates methane emissions from a specific existing
SWDS.
CPCB Annual Report, 2008-09

CDM Executive Board
page 47
Application B: The CDM project activity avoids or involves the disposal of waste at a SWDS
Since the project activity falls under Application A, procedures given in tool for Application A have been
followed.
As per tool, considering the following additional equation:

MBy
BECH4,SWDS,y
(16)
Where:
BECH4,SWDS,y = Is the methane generation from the landfill in the absence of the project activity at year y,
calculated as per the Tool to determine methane emissions avoided from disposal of
waste at a solid waste disposal site. The tool estimates methane generation adjusted for,
using adjustment factor (f) any landfill gas in the baseline that would have been captured
and destroyed to comply with relevant regulations or contractual requirements, or to
address safety and odour concerns. As this is already accounted for in equation 10, f in
the tool shall be assigned a value 0.
The amount of methane that is generated each year (BECH4,SWDS,y, tCO2e) is calculated for each year with
the recommended multi-phase model, the First Order Decay (FOD) model. The amount of methane
produced in the year y is calculated as follows:
BECH4,SWDS,y
=
(17)
Where, for the yearly model:

BECH4,SWDS,y
Baseline methane emissions occurring in year y generated from waste disposal at a
SWDS during a time period ending in year y (tCO2e)
y
Model correction factor to account for model uncertainties for year y
fy
Fraction of methane captured at the SWDS and flared, combusted or used in another
manner that prevents the emissions of methane to the atmosphere in year y
GWPCH4
Global Warming Potential (GWP) of methane
OX
Oxidation factor (reflecting the amount of methane from SWDS that is oxidized in the
soil or other material covering the waste)
F
Fraction of methane in the SWDS gas (volume fraction)
DOCf,y
Fraction of degradable organic carbon (DOC) that decomposes under the specific
conditions occurring in the SWDS for year y (weight fraction)
MCF
Methane correction factor
Wj,x
Amount of solid waste type j prevented from disposal in the SWDS in the year x (t)
DOCj
Fraction of degradable organic carbon in the waste type j (weight fraction)
kj
Decay rate for the waste type j
j
Type of residual waste or types of waste in the MSW
x
Year during the crediting period: x runs from the first year of the project activity
(x = 1) to the year y for which avoided emissions are calculated (x = y)
y
Year for which methane emissions are calculated

CDM Executive Board
page 48
The amount of organic waste prevented from disposal in the SWDS (Wj,x) in a particular year is
substituted by Aj,x. Where different waste types j are prevented from disposal, the amount of different
waste types (Aj,x) is determined through sampling and the mean is calculated from the samples, as
follows:
Thus,
Aj,x
(18)
Where:
Aj,x
Wx
pn,j,x
z
Amount of organic waste type j prevented from disposal in the SWDS in year x
(tonnes/year), this value to be used to substitute variable Wj,x in the Tool to determine
methane emissions avoided from disposal of waste at a solid waste disposal site.
Total amount of waste prevented from disposal in year x (tonnes)
Weight fraction of the waste type j in the sample n collected during the year x
Number of samples collected during year x
Determining the parameters required to apply to the FOD model

Determining the model correction factor (y)
The model correction factor (y) depends on the uncertainty of the parameters used in the FOD model. If
baseline emissions are being calculated, then project participants may choose between the following two
options to calculate y:
Option 1: Use a default value
Use a default value: y= default. Default values for different applications and climatic conditions are:
Application A
Application B
Humid/wet conditions
0.75
0.85
Dry conditions
0.75
0.80
Option 2: Determine y based on specific situation of the project activity: Undertake an uncertainty
analysis for the specific situation of the proposed project activity.
Option 1 has been selected for the project activity.
Determining the amounts of waste types j disposed in the SWDS (Wj,x or Wj,i)
Where different waste types j are disposed or prevented from disposal in the SWDS (for example, in the
case of MSW), it is necessary to determine the amount of different waste types (W j,x or Wj,i). In the case
that only one type of waste is disposed (for example, in the case of a residual waste), then Wj,x = Wx and
Wj,i = Wi and the following procedures do not need to be applied (e.g. waste sampling is not required)
Application B

CDM Executive Board
page 49
Determine the amount of different waste types through sampling and calculate the mean from the samples
using following equation to determine the value of Wj,x for the yearly model as follows:
(19)
Where:
Wj,x
Amount of solid waste type j disposed or prevented from disposal in the SWDS in
the year x (t)
Wx
=
Total amount of solid waste disposed or prevented from disposal in the SWDS in
year x (t)
pn,j,x
=
Average fraction of the waste type j in the waste in year x (weight fraction)
j
=
Types of solid waste
x
= Years in the time period for which waste is disposed at the SWDS, extending from the first
year in the time period (x = 1) to year y (x = y)
The fraction of the waste type j in the waste for the year x are calculated according to following equation
as follows:
(20)
Where:
pj,x
= Average fraction of the waste type j in the waste in year x (weight fraction)
pn,j,x
= Fraction of the waste type j in the sample n collected during the year x (weight fraction)
zx
= Number of samples collected during the year x
n
= Samples collected in year x
j
= Types of solid waste
x
= Years in the time period for which waste is disposed at the SWDS, extending from the first
year in the time period (x = 1) to year y (x = y)
Determining the fraction of DOC that decomposes in the SWDS (DOCf,y)
Application B
In the case that the tool is applied to MSW, then project participants may choose to either apply a default
value (DOCf,y = DOCf,default) or to determine DOCf,y or DOCf,m based on measurements of the biochemical
methane potential of the MSW
PP has selected to apply the default value given in the tool.
Procedure to determine the methane correction factor (MCF y)
Application B
In case of a water table above the bottom of the SWDS (for example, due to using waste to fill inland
water bodies, such as ponds, rivers or wetlands), the MCF should be determined as follows:

CDM Executive Board
page 50
In other situations, the MCF should be selected as a default value (MCF y = MCFdefault).
Since the water table is not above the SWDS in any of the SWDS included in the project activity, MCF
would be applied as MCFdefault.
Baseline emissions from generation of energy

Scenario 1, to calculate the baseline emissions from generation of energy displaced by the project
activity:
(19)
Where:
BEelec,y
BEthermal,y
= Is the baseline emissions from electricity generated utilizing the biogas/syngas

collected/RDF/stabilized biomass/combustion heat from incineration in the project
activity and exported to the grid or displacing onsite/offsite fossil fuel captive power
plant (tCO2e)
= Is the baseline emissions from thermal energy produced utilizing the biogas/syngas
collected/RDF/stabilized biomass/combustion heat from incineration in the project
activity displacing thermal energy from onsite/offsite fossil fuel fueled boiler (tCO2e)
Since no thermal energy production is involved, baseline emissions from it (BE thermal,y), are not considered
thus reducing the reaction to
(20)
Where:
BEelec,y =
Is the baseline emissions from electricity generated utilizing the RDF in the project
activity and exported to the grid or displacing onsite/offsite fossil fuel captive power plant
(tCO2e)
(21)
Where:
EGd,y = Is the amount of electricity generated utilizing the RDF in the project activity and exported to the
grid during the year y (MWh)
CEFd = Is the carbon emissions factor for the displaced electricity source in the project scenario
(tCO2/MWh)
Determination of CEFd
In case the generated electricity from the RDF displaces electricity that would have been generated by
other power plants in the grid in the baseline, CEFd has been calculated according to the Tool to

CDM Executive Board
page 51
calculate the emission factor for an electricity system. Published data from CEA 46 version 6 is used to
arrive at this conservative value.
Calculation of Baseline Emission Factor
As per approved methodology AM0025, the baseline emission factor for a grid system has to be
calculated as per Tool to calculate the emission factor for an electricity system
According to the latest version of Tool to calculate the emission factor for an electricity system, version
02.2.1, project proponent shall apply the following six steps;
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Identify the relevant electricity system

Choose whether to include off-grid power plants in the project electricity system (optional)
Select a method to determine the operating margin (OM)
Calculate the operating margin emission factor according to the selected method
Identify the group of power units to be included in the build margin (BM)
Calculate the build margin emission factor
Calculate the combined margin (CM) emission factor
Central Electricity Authority (CEA) (which is an official source of Ministry of Power, Government of
India) have worked out baseline emission factors for two grids in India and made them publicly available
in the form of CO2 Baseline Database dated March 2011, version 6 at
http://www.cea.nic.in/planning/c%20and%20e/government%20of%20india%20website.htm
The emission factor of the grid for the ex-ante approach is calculated in the following manner:
Step 1: Identify the relevant electricity system
The Indian electricity system is divided into two power grids, viz; North- East- West- North-East
(NEWNE) and Southern grid.
Geographical scope of the two electricity grids 47
Northern
Chandigarh
Delhi
Haryana
Himachal
Pradesh
Jammu &
Kashmir
Punjab
Rajasthan
Uttar Pradesh
46
47
NEWNE Grid
Eastern
Western
Bihar
Chhattisgarh
Jharkhand
Gujarat
Orissa
Daman & Diu
West Bengal
Dadar & Nagar
Sikkim
Haveli
AndamanMadhya Pradesh
Nicobar
Maharashtra
Goa
North-Eastern
Arunachal
Pradesh
Assam
Manipur
Meghalaya
Mizoram
Nagaland
Tripura
Southern Grid
Southern
Andhra Pradesh
Karnataka
Kerala
Tamil Nadu
Pondicherry
Lakshadweep
http://www.cea.nic.in/planning/c%20and%20e/Government%20of%20India%20website.htm

CDM Executive Board
page 52
Uttarakhand
The project activity thus falls under the Southern regional grid. The baseline emission factor (including
Imports) of Southern grid published by CEA is considered for calculation of emission reductions due to
displacement of electricity in accordance with the baseline methodology of Tool to calculate the
emission factor for an electricity system.
Step 2: Choose whether to include off-grid power plants in the project electricity system
According to the tool, the following two options are available to calculate the operating margin and build
margin emission factor:
Option I: Only grid power plants are included in the calculation
Option II: Both grid power plants and off-grid power plants are included in the calculation
In the host country, the electricity grid being considered, i.e. Southern grid, is both reliable and stable.
Hence the off-grid power generation is not significant. Therefore the project proponent has considered
Option I for calculation of operating margin and build margin emission factor.
Step 3: Select a method to determine the operating margin (OM)

According to the tool to calculate emission factor, the calculation of operating margin is based on one of
the following methods:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Simple OM, or
Simple adjusted OM, or
Dispatch data analysis OM, or
Average OM.
As observed in the CEA database, Version 6, less than 20% of grid energy is provided by the low cost/
must-run power sources (hydro/ nuclear power)48, hence project proponent has chosen to calculate Simple
OM. For the simple OM, the simple adjusted OM and the average OM, the emissions factor can be
calculated using either of the two following data vintages:
Ex ante option: If the ex-ante option is chosen, the emission factor is determined once at the
validation stage, thus no monitoring and recalculation of the emissions factor during the
crediting period is required. For grid power plants, use a 3-year generation-weighted average,
based on the most recent data available at the time of submission of the CDM-PDD to the
DOE for validation.
Ex post option: If the ex-post option is chosen, the emission factor is determined for the year
in which the project activity displaces grid electricity, requiring the emissions factor to be
updated annually during monitoring. If the data required calculating the emission factor for
year y is usually only available later than six months after the end of year y, alternatively the
48

CDM Executive Board
page 53
emission factor of the previous year y-1 may be used. If the data is usually only available 18
months after the end of year y, the emission factor of the year preceding the previous year y2 may be used. The same data vintage (y, y-1 or y-2) should be used throughout all crediting
periods.
The project proponent has chosen an ex-post approach for the calculation using data calculated by Central
Electricity Authority (CEA) in their CO2 baseline database Version 6.0, March 2011.
Step 4: Calculation of the Operating Margin emission factor (EFOM,y)
Simple OM method
The simple OM emission factor is calculated as the generation-weighted average CO2 emissions per unit
net electricity generation (tCO2/MWh) of all generating power plants serving the system, not including
low-cost/must-run power plants/units.
The simple OM may be calculated:
Option A: Based on the net electricity generation and a CO 2 emission factor of each power
unit; or
Option B: Based on the total net electricity generation of all power plants serving the system
and the fuel types and total fuel consumption of the project electricity system.
Option B can only be used if:
a) The necessary data for Option A is not available; and

b) Only nuclear and renewable power generation are considered as low-cost/must-run power
sources and the quantity of electricity supplied to the grid by these sources is known; and
c) Off-grid power plants are not included in the calculation (i.e., if Option I has been chosen in
Step 2).
For project activity, Option B has been used.
In the Simple OM method, the emission factor is calculated as generation weighted average emissions per
electricity unit (tCO2/MWh) of all generating sources serving the system, not including low-operating
cost and must-run power plants. The data vintage option selected is the ex-ante approach, where a 3 year
average OM is calculated. The CEA baseline is derived using the following formulae to calculate simple
OM.
Where:
EFgrid,OM simple, y
FCi,y
NCVi,y
Simple operating margin CO2 emission factor in year (tCO2/MWh)

Amount of fossil fuel type i consumed by power plant/unit m year y (mass or
unit volume unit)
Net calorific value (energy content) of fossil fuel type i in year y (GJ/mass or
volume unit)

CDM Executive Board
page 54
EFco2,i,y
EGy
i
y
CO2 emission factor of fossil fuel type i in the year y (tCO2/GJ)

Net electricity generated and delivered to the grid by all power sources serving
the system, not including low-cost/must-run power plants/units, in year y (MWh)
All fossil fuel types combusted in power plant/ unit m in year y
The relevant year as per the data vintage chosen in Step 3
The operating margin emission factor has been calculated using CEA database49:
Simple Operating Margin
(tCO2/MWh) (incl. Imports)
Southern region grid
2009-10
0.9415
Step 5 Identify the group of power units to be included in the build margin (BM)
As per the tool, the sample group of power units m used to calculate the build margin consists of either:
(a) The set of five power units that have been built most recently, or
(b) The set of power capacity additions in the electricity system that comprise 20% of the system
generation (in MWh) and that have been built most recently
Project participants should use the set of power units that comprises the larger annual generation.
Accordingly, the CEA database calculates the build margin consists of the power plant capacity additions
in the electricity system that comprise 20% of the system generation (in MWh) and that have been built
most recently as this sample group comprises larger annual generation than the generation of the sample
group m consisting of the five power plants that have been built most recently.
In terms of vintage of data, project participants can choose between one of the following two options:
Option 1: For the first crediting period, calculate the build margin emission factor ex ante
based on the most recent information available on units already built for sample group m at
the time of CDM-PDD submission to the DOE for validation. For the second crediting
period, the build margin emission factor should be updated based on the most recent
information available on units already built at the time of submission of the request for
renewal of the crediting period to the DOE. For the third crediting period, the build margin
emission factor calculated for the second crediting period should be used. This option does
not require monitoring the emission factor during the crediting period.
Option 2: For the first crediting period, the build margin emission factor shall be updated
annually, ex post, including those units built up to the year of registration of the project
activity or, if information up to the year of registration is not yet available, including those
units built up to the latest year for which information is available. For the second crediting
period, the build margin emissions factor shall be calculated ex ante, as described in Option 1
49

CDM Executive Board
page 55
above. For the third crediting period, the build margin emission factor calculated for the
second crediting period should be used.
Option 1 is chosen to calculate the build margin emission factor for the project activity. BM is calculated
ex-ante based on the most recent information available at the time of submission of PDD and is fixed for
the entire crediting period.
Step 6: Calculation of the Build Margin Emission Factor EFBM,y
The Build margin emission factor has been calculated ex-ante based on the most recent information
available on plants already built for sample group m at the time of PDD submission. The sample group m
consists of the power plant capacity additions in the electricity system that comprise 20% of the system
generation (in MWh) and that have been built most recently as this sample group comprises larger annual
generation than the generation of the sample group m consisting of the five power plants that have been
built most recently.
The value for BM is taken from Central Electricity Authority (CEA) CO 2 baseline database Version 6.0,
March 201150
Build Margin (tCO2/MWh)
2009-10
0.7634
Step 7: Calculation of the grid emission factor (Combined Margin)

The baseline emission factor EFy is calculated as a combined margin (CM) consisting of combination of
Operating Margin emission factor (EFOM, y) and the Build Margin emission factor (EFBM,y):
EFy = wOM EFOM,y + wBM .EFBM,y
Where the weights wOM and wBM are 50% and 50% respectively, and EFOM,y and EFBM,y are calculated and
are expressed in tCO2/MWh.
As per the Tool to calculate emission factor for an electricity system, version 02, for all projects except
solar and wind projects, the default weights are as follows: wOM = 0.5 and wBM = 0.5.
Combined Margin/ Grid Emission Factor
Grid
50
Simple
Operating
Margin
(tCO2/MWh)
0.9415
Build Margin
(tCO2/MWh)
0.7634
Combined
Margin
(tCO2/MWh)
0.8525

CDM Executive Board
page 56
In the event supplementary fuel (biomass) is used, the baseline emissions would be calculated for the
same using AMS-I.D, version 17 as follows:
(22)
Where:
BEy:
EGBL, y:
Baseline Emissions in year y (t CO2)

Quantity of net electricity supplied to the grid as a result of the implementation of
the CDM project activity in year y (MWh)
CO2 emission factor of the grid in year y (t CO2/MWh)
EF CO2, grid, y:
Determination of EFCO2, grid, y

In case the generated electricity from the supplementary fuel (biomass) displaces electricity that would
have been generated by other power plants in the grid in the baseline, EF CO2, grid, y has been calculated
according to the Tool to calculate the emission factor for an electricity system. Published data from
CEA51 version 6 is used to arrive at this conservative value.
Leakage
The sources of leakage considered in the methodology are CO 2 emissions from off-site transportation of
waste materials in addition to combustion of RDF. Leakage emissions should be estimated from the
following equation:
Ly
Where:
Lt,y
Lr,y
Lt,y + Lr,y + Li,y + Ls,y
(23)
= Is the leakage emissions from increased transport in year y (tCO2e)

= Is the leakage emissions from the residual waste from the anaerobic digester, the
gasifier, the processing/combustion of RDF/stabilized biomass, or compost in case it is
disposed of in landfills in year y (tCO2e)
= Is the leakage emissions from the residual waste from MSW incinerator in year y
(tCO2e)
= Is the leakage emissions from end use of stabilized biomass
Li,y
Ls,y
Since the project activity does not include the use of MSW incinerator, the above equation becomes:
Ly
Lt,y + L r,y + Li,y + L s,y
(24)
Emissions from transportation (Lt,y)

The project may result in a change in transport emissions. This would occur when the waste is transported
from waste collecting points, in the collection area, to the treatment facility, instead of to existing
landfills. When it is likely that the transport emissions will increase significantly, such emissions should
be incorporated as leakage. In this case, project participants shall document the following data in the
51
http://www.cea.nic.in/planning/c%20and%20e/Government%20of%20India%20website.htm

CDM Executive Board
page 57
CDM-PDD: an overview of collection points from where the waste will be collected, their approximate
distance (in km) to the treatment facility, existing landfills and their approximate distance (in km) to the
nearest end-user.
The project activity has three processing facilities proposed with RDF and compost production and one
power plant generating electricity based on RDF combustion. As the waste collection from the municipal
areas is not under the control of project participants, same is not considered. The distance from each of
the processing facilities to the power plant, where RDF is used is provided below:
Power plant at Rebladevpally, Karimnagar district

Transportation of waste from Landfills to processing plants 50 kms radius from respective
processing plant sites.
Processing plant at Karimnagar distance to power plant 30 kms
Processing plant at Ramagundam distance to power plant 35 kms
Processing plant at Nizamabad distance to power plant 125 km
Compost transportation 200 km radius, with 400 km return trip distance
Biomass Transportation 50 km radius, with 100 km return trip distance
Ash sales/disposal 40 km radius, with 80 km return trip distance
The emissions are calculated from the quantity of fuel (diesel) used and the specific CO 2 emission factor
of the fuel (diesel):
(25)
Where:
NOvehicles,i,y
DTi,y
VF cons,I
NCVfuel
Dfuel
EFfuel
Is the number of vehicles for transport with similar loading capacity

Is the average additional distance travelled by vehicle type i compared to baseline
in year y (km)
Is the vehicle fuel consumption in litres per kilometre for vehicle type i (l/km)
Is the Calorific value of the fuel (MJ/Kg or other unit)
Is the fuel density (kg/l), if necessary
Is the Emission factor of the fuel (tCO2/MJ)
For transport of compost to the users, the same formula applies
Emissions from residual waste from processing/combustion of RDF and compost in case it is
disposed of in landfills (Lr,y)
Since the waste will be separated in first stage for composting and RDF, the emissions from residual
waste from combustion of RDF in this case would be considered. In case the RDF residue waste or
Compost is delivered to a landfill, CH4 emissions are estimated through the following equation using
estimated weights of each waste type (Aci,x).
Lr,y
BECH4,SWDS,y
(26)

CDM Executive Board
page 58
BECH4,SWDS,y can be determined using equation 15 where estimated weights of each waste type (A,i,x)
would be considered instead of variable Wj,x.
While calculating the ex-ante emissions for this project activity, the compost delivered to the landfill is
considered as zero. Also for ex-ante estimations, the residual waste is taken as 100% inerts. Hence L r,y =0.
The value of Lr,y will be monitored ex-post and used in determination of the emissions during the
monitoring period using the above equation.
Off-site Emissions from end use of the RDF/stabilized biomass (Ls.y)
There is no production or usage of stabilized biomass in the project activity. The project envisages the
complete use of the RDF generated from the processing facilities. In case, during the monitoring period,
any such off-site usage observed, leakage emissions will be accounted for as follows:
Quantities of different types of waste input (Aj,x) to the RDF/biomass processing should be adjusted by an
annual adjustment factor SAy as follows:
As,j,x
SAy * Aj,x
(27)
SAy
{Rn/Rt}
(28)
Where:
SAy
Rn
Rt
Is an adjustment factor for a specific year.

Is the weight of RDF/stabilized biomass sold offsite for which no sale invoices can be
provided (t/yr)
Is the total weight of RDF/stabilized biomass produced (t/yr)
For ex-ante estimations for this project activity, the weight of RDF sold offsite is considered as zero.
Hence Ls,y =0. The value of L s,y will be calculated during determination of the ex-post emissions using the
above equation.
Emission Reductions
To calculate the emission reductions the project participant shall apply the following equation:
ERy
Where:
ERy
BEy
PEy
Ly
BEy PEy Ly
= Is the emissions reductions in year y (t CO2e)

= Is the emissions in the baseline scenario in year y (t CO2e)
= Is the emissions in the project scenario in year y (t CO2e)
= Is the leakage in year y (t CO2e)
(29)

CDM Executive Board
page 59
If the sum of PE y and Ly is smaller than 1% of BE y in the first full operation year of a crediting period, the
project participants may assume a fixed percentage of 1% for PE y and Ly combined for the remaining
years of the crediting period.
B.6.2. Data and parameters that are available at validation:
Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
Source of data used:
Value applied:
Justification of the choice
of data or description of
measurement methods
and procedures actually
applied :
Any comment:
EFc,N2O
tN2O/tonne of compost
Emission factor for N2O emissions from the composting process
Approved baseline methodology AM0025, version 12
0.000043
Default value of 0.043 kg-N2O/ t-compost is taken after Schenk et al,
1997 as given in approved methodology AM0025, version 12.
Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
MCFdefault
Unitless
Methane conversion factor
Emissions from solid waste disposal sites, Version 06.0.0 which is
based on IPCC 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories, volume 5, Table 3.1, p. 3.14
0.8
As stated in the DPR, the waste disposed at the Karimnagar, Nizamabad
and Ramagundam site was a controlled placement of waste with
compaction and levelling being done and was managed by the Municipal
Administration & Urban Department (MA&UD), thus a value of 1 is
applicable. However as detailed in DPR, height of waste deposited at the
disposal sites is more than 5 m, thus to be conservative, a value of 0.8 is
chosen.
The value considered based on the guidance provided in the Emissions
from solid waste disposal sites
Value applied:
measurement methods
applied :
Any comment:
Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
Value applied:
measurement methods
As per guidance IPCC default values should be used when country/

project specific data are not available
Unitless
Model corrections factor to account for model uncertainties
Emissions from solid waste disposal site, Version 06.0.0
0.8 (for Nizamabad)
0.85 (for Karimnagar and Ramagundam)
As per value proposed in Emissions from solid waste disposal siteversion 06.0.0

CDM Executive Board
page 60

applied :
Any comment:
Application A
Application B
Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
Value applied:
measurement methods
applied :
Any comment:
Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
Value applied:
measurement methods
applied :
Any comment:
Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
Humid/wet
conditions
0.75
0.85
Dry conditions
0.75
0.80
OX
Unitless
Oxidation factor (reflecting the amount of methane from SWDS that is
oxidized in the soil or other material covering the waste)
Based on an extensive review of published literature on this subject,
including the IPCC 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
0.1
When methane passes through the top-layer, part of it is oxidized by
methanotrophic bacteria to produce CO2. The oxidation factor represents
the proportion of methane that is oxidized to CO 2 This should be
distinguished from the methane correction factor (MCF) which is to
account for the situation that ambient air might intrude into the SWDS
and prevent methane from being formed in the upper layer of SWDS
-
DOCf,default
weight fraction
Default value for fraction of degradable organic carbon (DOC) in MSW
that decomposes in the SWDS
Emissions from solid waste disposal site, Version 06.0.0 which is
Inventories.
0.5
IPCC 2006 default value as proposed by the tool is applied.
The value considered based on the guidance provided in the Emissions

from solid waste disposal site.
DOCj
Unitless
Fraction of degradable organic carbon in the waste type j (weight
fraction)
Emissions from solid waste disposal sites, Version 06.0.0 which is
Inventories, Volume 5, Tables 2.4 and 2.5.

CDM Executive Board
page 61
Value applied:
Waste Type j
Wood and wood products, A
Pulp, paper and cardboard, B
Food, food waste, beverages and tobacco, C
DOCj (%)
43%
40%
15%
Textiles, D
Garden, yard and park waste, E
measurement methods
applied :
Any comment:
Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
24%
20%
Glass, plastic, metal other inert, F

0%
Default conservative values have been taken for the project activity.
Wet waste values of DOCj are applied for the project. The value
considered based on the guidance provided in the Emissions from solid
waste disposal sites.
kj
Unitless
Decay rate for the waste type j
Emissions from Solid Waste Disposal Sites version 06.0.0 which is
Inventories, Volume 5, Table 3.3.
Value applied:
Type of Waste, j
Wood and wood products, A

Pulp, paper and cardboard, B
Food, food waste, beverages and
tobacco, C
Textiles, D
Garden, yard and park waste, E
Glass, plastic, metal other inert, F
measurement methods
applied :
kj
Wet
(MAP>100
0 m)
0.035
0.070
Dry
(MAP<100
0 m)
0.025
0.040
0.400
0.070
0.085
0.045
0.170
0
0.065
0
The values are considered based on long term Climatological tables (30
yrs average), published by India Meteorological Department (IMD)
which gives that Mean Annual Temperature more than 20C and rainfall
of more than 1000mm for Karimnagar district and Mean Annual
Temperature more than 20C and rainfall of less than 1000mm for
Nizamabad district.
This can be further corroborated from latest data. The rainfall for the

CDM Executive Board
page 62
year 2010 as given by Hydromet division, Indian Meteorological

Department is more than 1000 mm.
Thus appropriate default values based on Tool has been used.
The values are applied separately for each site, based on the site specific
weather conditions. Baseline emissions have been calculated
accordingly.
Any comment:
Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
Value applied:
measurement methods
applied :
Any comment:
Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
Source of data to be used:
Value applied:
measurement methods
applied :
Any comment:
F
Unitless
Fraction of methane in the SWDS gas (volume fraction)
Tool to determine methane emissions avoided from disposal of waste at
a Solid Waste Disposal Site, Version 05.1.0 which is based on IPCC
2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.
0.5
The factor reflects the fact that some degradable organic carbon does not
degrade, or degrades very slowly, under anaerobic conditions in the solid
waste disposal site. A default value of 0.5 is recommended by IPCC
The value considered based on the guidance provided in the Tool to
determine methane emissions avoided from disposal of waste at a solid
waste disposal site.
f
%
Fraction of methane captured at the SWDS and flared, combusted or
used in another manner
Approved Methodology AM0025 Version 12
0
As per the approved methodology, AM0025 Version 12, f in the tool
shall be assigned a value 0. As it is already accounted for in the
methodology as Adjustment Factor and hence the parameter f has been
fixed ex-ante.
No comments.
B.6.3. Ex-ante calculation of emission reductions:

>>
Ex-ante estimation of Baseline Emissions:
Baseline emission has been estimated using equations (19) to (25) as described in section B.6.1.
The various values adopted to calculate the baseline emission and the final values as calculate by using
these values are given below:
Parameter
Values
Unit
Reference
Remarks

CDM Executive Board
page 63
MBy
(Compliance
adjusted)
EGd,y
1804848
75.69
CEFd
852.5
BEEN,y
645230
t CO2 e
Meth equation
no. 24 in B.6.1
GWh/annum Meth equation

no. 25 in B.6.1
t CO2/ GWh Meth equation
no. 25 in B.6.1
Meth equation
t CO2 e
no. 25 and 26 in
B.6.1
The value given is cumulative

value for the entire 10 year
crediting period
Calculated
CEA database
The value given is cumulative
value for the entire 10 year
crediting period
Ex-ante estimation of Project Emissions:

Project emission has been estimated using equations (A) to (M) as described in section B.6.1. The various
values adopted to calculate the project emission and the final values as calculated by using these values
are given below:
A. Emissions from electricity consumption on-site (PE elec, y)
The electricity consumption has been worked out on basis of processing plant requirement worked out in
DPR52 Annexure 7 as follows:
Site
Electricity
Consumption (in kW)
RDF Processing site at

Karimnagar
Ramagundam
Nizamabad
Composting facility at
Karimnagar
Ramagundam
Nizamabad
Total
Electricity Consumption
(in MWh) based on 16
hours operation and 365
days working)
437.5
2555
Source
DPR page 230
437.5
2555
DPR page 232
437.5
2555
DPR page 231
55.2
322.36
DPR page 235
55.2
322.36
DPR page 235
55.2
322.36
DPR page 236
1478.1
8632.1
Parameter
Description
Unit
Value
applied
Source
EG PJ,FF,y
Amount of electricity used by project

activity per year
MWh
8632.1
DPR
52
Annexure 7 (page 230-235); Detailed Project Report dated December 2010

CDM Executive Board
page 64
CEFCO2, grid
Grid emission factor of the Southern grid

(Combined Margin)
t CO2 / MWh
PE elec, y
Emissions from grid electricity use per

year
t CO2
0.8525
CEA
Database
7359
Calculated
B. Emissions from on-site fuel consumption (PE fuel, onsite, y)

Parameter
Description
Unit
Value
applied
Source
Fcons, y (L)
Fuel consumption on site per year

(diesel)
Litres
1523400
DPR
Kg/L
0.845
Society of
Indian
automobile
manufacturers
(SIAM)53
Calculated
Ddiesel
Average Density of Diesel
FCons, y (t)
Fuel consumption on site per year

(diesel)
1287
NCVfuel
Net calorific value of fuel (diesel)
TJ / Gg
43.3
EFfuel
CO2 emission factor for fuel (diesel)
Kg/TJ
74800
PE fuel, onsite, y
Emissions from on-site fuel

consumption per year
t CO2
4170
IPCC 2006
guidelines
IPCC 2006
guidelines
Calculated
C. Emissions during the composting process (PE c,y)

Value
applied
Source
tonnes/annum
60225
DPR
Emission Factor for N2O emissions from

composting process (in Kg N2O/ tonne)
kg N2O/ tonne
0.043
EF c,N2O
Emission Factor for N2O emissions from

composting process
tonne N2O/
tonne
GWP N2O
Global Warming Potential of nitrous oxide
t CO2e/ tN2O
310
PE c,N2O,y
N2O emissions from composting in year

y
t CO2e
803
Parameter
Description
GWP CH4
Global Warming Potential of methane
Parameter
Description
Mcompost, y
Total amount of compost produced in a

year y
EF c,N2O
53
www.siamindia.com/scripts/Diesel.aspx
Unit
Default value
taken from
methodology
Default value
taken from
methodology
IPCC Default
value
0.000043
Unit
t CO2e/ tCH4
Calculated
Value
applied
Source
21
IPCC Default
value

CDM Executive Board
page 65
share of waste that degrades under anaerobic

conditions in the composting process in year y
S a,y
MB compost,y
PE c,CH4,y
quantity of methane that would be produced in

the landfill in the absence of project activity in
year y
Methane emissions due to anaerobic
conditions in the composting process in year
y
Total Emissions during Composting Process
PE c,y
Assumed for
ex-ante
estimation
Calculated as
per
methodology
tCH4
4310
t CO2e
t CO2e
803
Calculated
D. Emissions from the combustion of RDF (PE r, y)

163265
Amount of RDF fed in the combustor in a year

Amount of
waste type I
fed (Ai) in
ton /year
Fraction of
carbon content
in the waste
type I (CCWi)
Fraction of
fossil
carbon in
waste type I
(FCFi)
Combustion
efficiency for
waste type I
(Efi)
Fossil based
waste CO2
emission (ton
CO2 e/year)
Paper/cardboard
10220
0.46
0.01
172
Textiles
42413
0.50
0.20
15551
0.38
0.00
Wood
20440
0.50
0.00
Garden and park

waste
71285
0.49
0.00
0.70
0.10
Rubber and leather
11242
0.67
0.20
5524
Plastics
7660
0.75
1.00
21065
0.03
1.00
Waste type i
Food Waste
Nappies
other, inert waste
Total fossil based CO2 emission (ton CO2/year)
Description
Total quantity of RDF combusted
42326
Unit
Value
applied
Ton
163265
Emission factor of CH4 from waste incineration
kg/Gg waste
Emission factor of N2O from waste incineration
gm/t waste
6
50.00

CDM Executive Board
page 66
Conservative factor - with 50% of max uncertainity - CH4
Constant
1.12
Conservative factor - with 50% of max uncertainity - N2O
Constant
1.12
Net emission factor CH4
kg/Gg waste
6.72
Net emission factor N2O
gm/t waste
56.00
GWP of N2O
310.00
GWP of CH4
21.00
Stack emission from combustion of RDF
ton CO2
3496
E. Emissions from on-site Co-firing fossil fuel i.e. coal (PEco-firing,y):

Value
applied
Parameter
Description
Unit
Fco-firing,y
Coal consumption
tonnes
8163
NCVco-firing
Net caloric value of the fossil fuel used
TJ/Gg
25.8
EFco-firing
CO2 emissions factor of the fossil fuel used
tCO2/TJ
96.1
PE co-firing,y
Total Emissions from on-site co-firing

fossil fuel
t CO2e
20240
PEy
Total Project Emissions
t CO2e
783940
Ex-ante estimation of Leakage Emission:

Leakage emission has been estimated using equations (A) to (M) as described in section B.6.1. The
various values adopted to calculate the leakage emission and the final values as calculated by using these
values are given below
A. RDF Transport from MSW Process Units - Power plant:
Parameter
Mfuel
CTfuel,y
NO
vehicles,fuel,y
DT i,y
Description
Quantity of RDF
Transported
Average truck capacity
for RDF transportation
Number of vehicles for
transport
Average additional
distance travelled by
vehicle I compared to
baseline
Unit
Karimnagar
Ramagundam
Nizamabad
TPD
160
160
128
tonnes/
truck
10
10
10
16
16
13
30
35
125
km

CDM Executive Board
page 67
Ddiesel
NCV fuel
EF fuel
Lt,y,RDF
To and Fro Distance

covered in a Year
Average Density of
Diesel
Vehicle Efficiency
Total Fuel Consumption
Calorific value of fuel
Emission Factor of the
fuel
Emission from
incremental
transportation of RDF
km
350400
408800
1186250
Kg/Ltr.
0.845
0.845
0.845
km/Ltr.
Ltrs.
TJ / Gg
4.50
77867
43.3
4.50
90844
43.3
4.50
263611
43.3
Kg/TJ
74800
74800
74800
t CO2
213
249
721
B. Compost Transportation:
TPD
Value
applied
165
Average truck capacity for compost

transportation
Number of vehicles for transport
tonnes/truck
10
number/day
17
Average additional distance travelled

by vehicle I compared to baseline
Annual To and Fro Distance covered
in a Year
Km
200
Km
2482000
kg/Ltr.
0.845
Vehicle Efficiency
km/Ltr.
4.50

Ltrs.
TJ/Gg
551556
43.3
Emission Factor of the fuel

Emission from incremental
transportation of compost
Kg/TJ
t CO2
74800
1510
Parameter
Description
Mcompost,y
Quantity of Compost produced
CTcompost,y
NO
Unit
vehicles,compost,y
DT i,y
Ddiesel
NCV fuel
EF fuel
Lt,y,compost
C. Ash Transportation
Description
Unit
Mash
Quantity of ash generated
TPD
Value
applied
89
CTash,y
Average truck capacity for ash

transportation
tonnes/truck
10
number/day
Parameter
NO
vehicles,ash,y

CDM Executive Board
page 68
DT i,y
Ddiesel
NCVfuel
EFfuel
Lt,y,ash

by vehicle compared to baseline
To and Fro Distance covered in a
Year
Km
40
Km
262800
kg/Ltr.
0.845
Vehicle Efficiency
km/Ltr.
4.50

transportation of Ash
Ltrs.
TJ/Gg
Kg/TJ
t CO2
58400
43.3
74800
160
D. Biomass transport to Power plant from the region (50 km radius)

Parameter
Mfuel
CTfuel,y
NO
Description
Quantity of Biomass Transported
Average truck capacity for RDF
transportation
TPD
Value
applied
112
tonnes/truck
10
Unit
12.00
vehicles,fuel,y
DT i,y
Ddiesel
NCV fuel
EF fuel
Lt,y,biomass

by vehicle I compared to baseline
Year
Vehicle Efficiency
transportation of Biomass
Km
50
Km
438000
Kg/Ltr.
km/Ltr.
Ltrs.
TJ/Gg
Kg/TJ
0.845
4.50
97333.33
43.3
74800
t CO2
266
E. Residual Waste transport to landfill from processing plants
Parameter
Ac,i,x
CTres,y
NO
Description
Quantity of Residual Waste
Transported
Average truck capacity for residual
waste transportation
Unit
Value
applied
TPD
tonnes/truck
10
0.00
vehicles,fuel,y
DT i,y
Average additional distance

travelled by vehicle I compared to
Km

CDM Executive Board
page 69
baseline
Year
Km
Ddiesel
Kg/Ltr.
0.845
NCV fuel
EF fuel
Vehicle Efficiency
transportation of Residual waste
km/Ltr.
Ltrs.
TJ / Gg
Kg/TJ
4.50
0.00
43.3
74800
t CO2
Unit
Value
applied
TPD
1400
tonnes/truck
10
Lt,y,residualwaste
F. Incoming Waste transport to processing plants

Parameter
Description
Quantity of waste processed
Wx
CTwaste,y
NO
Average truck capacity for incoming

waste transportation
140.00
vehicles,waste,y
DT i,y
Average additional distance

travelled by vehicle I compared to
baseline
Year
Km
Km
Ddiesel
Kg/Ltr
0.845
NCV fuel
EF fuel
Vehicle Efficiency
transportation of incoming waste
km/Ltr
Ltrs
TJ / Gg
Kg/TJ
4.50
0
43.3
74800
t CO2
t CO2
3119
Lt,y,waste
Ly
Total Leakage emissions
Biomass surplus availability:
Biomass type
Biomass
Generation
Region
Consumption
Expected plant
consumption in
case of
emergency
Total Local
consumption
including
Project Activity
% of surplus
biomass on
local
consumption
incl. PA

CDM Executive Board
page 70
Cotton Stalks (10%)

Maize cobs (5%)
Rice husk (5%)
Juliflora (5%)
MT
609653
29149
91335
41207
MT
119486
2050
40390
3530
MT
4079
2039
2039
2039
MT
123565
4089
42429
5569
%
393
613
115
640
Ex-ante estimation of Emission reduction:

Emission reduction has been estimated using equations (A) to (M) as described in section B.6.1. The
various values adopted to calculate the emission reduction and the final values as calculated by using
these values are given below
Parameter
BE y
Values
2269584
Unit
t CO2
Reference
Meth equation
no. 20 in B.6.1
PE y
783940
t CO2
Equation 1 of
B.6.1
Ly
31190
t CO2
Meth equation
no. 29
ER y
1454454
t CO2 e
Meth equation
no. 37 of B.6.1
B.6.4
Remarks
The value given is
cumulative value for the
entire 10 year crediting
period
The value given is
period
The value given is
period
The value given is
period
Summary of the ex-ante estimation of emission reductions:
Year
Baseline
emissions
(tCO2e)
Project
emissions
(tCO2e)
Leakage
emissions
(tCO2e)
Emission
reductions
(tCO2e)
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
119617
160368
191123
214845
233559
248655
261097
271554
280499
288267
78394
78394
78394
78394
78394
78394
78394
78394
78394
78394
3119
3119
3119
3119
3119
3119
3119
3119
3119
3119
38104
78855
109610
133332
152046
167142
179584
190041
198986
206754

CDM Executive Board
page 71
Total
B.7.
2269584
783940
31190
1454454
Application of the monitoring methodology and description of the monitoring plan:

B.7.1
Data and parameters monitored:
The following parameter will be monitored during the project activity:

Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
Value of data applied for the
purpose of calculating
expected emission reductions
in section B.5
Description of measurement
methods and procedures to be
applied:
QA/QC procedures to be
applied:
Any comment:
Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
in section B.5
applied:
EG PJ,FF,y
MWh
Amount of electricity consumed from the grid as a result of the
project activity
Tri-vector meter readings at Process Units
8632
Data is measured continuously through meters and meter readings are

archived electronically. The data will be calculated by monitoring the
difference between the reading in meter at the end of the month and
beginning of the month. This parameter will be updated ex-post each
year over the crediting period.
Accuracy: class 0.2
Monitoring Frequency: Continuously
Recording frequency: monthly
Electricity meter will be subject to regular (in accordance with
stipulation of the meter supplier) maintenance and testing to ensure
accuracy. However, the same is carried out by the discoms, hence; the
same is not under the control of project participants.
Calibration frequency: Once in two years
Uncertainty level: low
CEFelec
tCO2/MWh
Carbon emissions factor for electricity generation in the Project
activity
Publicly available data as published Central Electric Authority (CEA)
of India
0.8525
This data is taken from publicly available CEA CO2 baseline database
version 06 This is the most authentic source for India
For ex-post monitoring:

CDM Executive Board
page 72
applied:
Any comment:
Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
purpose
of
calculating
in section B.5:
applied:
QA/QC procedures to
be applied:
Any comment:
Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
in section B.5
applied:
Data would be sourced from latest publicly available data as

published by Central Electric Authority (CEA) of India
Monitoring Frequency: Annual
--Fcons,y
Litres/year
Fuel (diesel) consumption on-site during year y of the crediting period
On site measurement (Log Books)
1523400
The on-site fuel consumption will be monitored daily by making entry

into the log book for fuel consumption of each vehicle / equipments as
the case may be and same will be cross-verified with the store issue
vouchers.
Monitoring Frequency : Daily
Recording frequency : Monthly
The amount of fuel will be checked against the paid fuel invoices
(administrative obligation).
Data will be archived till 2 years after the end of crediting period.
M compost
Tonnes/year
Quantity of compost produced in year y
Plant records
60225
The produced compost will be weighed using weighbridge before

stored at warehouse. The weight will be measured continuously. The
total amount of compost is calculated annually based on these records
and archived electronically. All the trucks leaving the site will be
weighed. Sales invoices of the compost will be kept at the project
site. They will contain the customer contact details, physical location
and delivery type, amount and the use of compost. The list of
customers and delivered amount of compost will be kept at the site.
Accuracy: 10 kg
Monitoring frequency: Continuous
Recording frequency: Daily, aggregated monthly
The weigh bridge will be calibrated as per Weights & measurement

CDM Executive Board
page 73
Act by Weight & Measurement Controller Department of Andhra

Pradesh. Measured values can also be cross checked with sales of
compost.
applied:
Calibration frequency: Once in a year

Any comment:
Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
purpose
of
calculating
in section B.5
applied:
QA/QC
applied:
procedures
to
AMSW
tonnes/year
Amount of MSW fed into the RDF combustor
Plant Records
163265
The quantity of each type fuel will be measured continuously using

weighbridge, which is installed at the plant. The trucks carrying fuel
weighted by a calibrated weighbridge twice upon entry and exit to arrive
net quantity of fuel procured.
Accuracy: 10 kg
Recording frequency: Daily
be The weighbridge will be calibrated as per Weights & measurement Act
by Weight & Measurement Controller Department of Andhra Pradesh.
Any comment:
Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
purpose of calculating expected
emission reductions in section
B.5
Calibration : annually
Pn,i,y
%
Weight fraction of the waste type i in the sample collected during the
year y
Plant records, sampling /sorting / weighing
Waste type
Paper
Plastic
Wood
Garden Yard Park Waste
Food Waste
Textile
Rubber
Percentage
2.00%
1.50%
4.00%
18.60%
54.30%
8.30%
2.20%

CDM Executive Board
page 74
Inert
applied:
applied:
Any comment:
Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
B.5
applied:
QA/QC procedures to
be applied:
9.10%
For ex-ante estimations, the waste characterization results done

during the DPR preparation stage have been used (as provided in
DPR).
Determine the fraction of each waste stream of the total waste input
to the treatment facility (A: Wood and wood products; B Pulp paper
and cardboard; C: Food, food waste, beverages and tobacco; D:
Textiles; E: Garden, yard and park waste; F: Glass, plastic, metal
and other inert). The regular sorting and weighing of the waste
streams will be done by the project participant as per sampling plan.
The respective determined proportions will be aggregated over the
year and used in the baseline calculations. Records are kept on paper
and electronically.
Estimation of the composition of the incoming waste would be
carried out for all waste through sampling. The sample size is
determined as per Annex 4 (24 times per annum).
Regular sorting & weighing of waste will be carried out by using
weighing scale at each processing plant
Weighing scale would be calibrated annually.
FCFi
Fraction
Fraction of fossil carbon in total carbon of waste type i
Laboratory measurements (IPCC for ex-ante estimations); Table 2.4,
Volume 5, Chapter 2
Waste type i
Paper/cardboard
Textiles
Food Waste
Wood
Garden and park waste
Nappies
Rubber and leather
Plastics
other, inert waste
FCFi
values
0.01
0.2
0
0
0
0.1
0.2
1
1
As per the methodology the following standards shall be used to

estimate the parameter ASTM D6866-08 and ASTM D7459-08.
The measurements will be carried out by the certified laboratory. The
sample size and frequency will be statistically significant with a
maximum uncertainty range of 20% at a 95% confidence level.
However, as a minimum samples will be undertaken four times per
year.
IPCC values applied. Ex-post, the values would be taken from
Laboratory tests results through tests carried out by a third party and
would be duly certified by the lab..

CDM Executive Board
page 75
Any comment:
If any errors found in the monitored values, conservatively, IPCC

default values will be applied for emission reduction calculations.
Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
MBy
t CH4
Methane produced in the landfill in the absence of the project activity
in year y.
Calculated as per the Tool to determine methane emissions avoided
from dumping waste at a solid waste disposal site.

purpose of calculating expected 251003
B.5:
Description of measurement Calculated as per the Tool to determine methane emissions avoided
methods and procedures to be from dumping waste at a solid waste disposal site.
applied:
Frequency: annual
QA/QC procedures to
Procedures determined in the Tool to determine methane emissions
be applied:
avoided from dumping waste at a solid waste disposal site have
been applied.
Any comment:
Data will be archived till 2 years after the end of crediting period
Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
EGd,y
MWh
Amount of electricity generated by the project activity during the
year y
Tri-vector meter readings recorded by Grid officials
Value of data applied for the 75690
B.5:
Export & Import readings will be measured continuously using
calibrated meters (Main meter and Check meter) installed at grid
interface by grid officials, recorded monthly and aggregated annually.
applied:
Accuracy of Tri-vector meters : 0.2 class
QA/QC procedures to
be applied:
Net electricity supplied to the grid will be calculated by using the

measured values of electricity export to grid and electricity import from
grid.
EGd,y = EGexport EGimport
Sales invoices and JMR Sheets are used for cross verification to ensure
consistency.
Any comment:


CDM Executive Board
page 76
Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:

B.5:
applied:
QA/QC procedures to
be applied:
Any comment:
CEFd
tCO2MWh
Emission factor of displaced electricity by the project activity
Publicly available official data given by Central Authority of India
(CEA) as per Tool to calculate emission factor for an electricity
system.
Combined Margin : 0.8525 for Southern grid
This data is taken from publicly available CEA CO2 baseline

database version 6. This is the most authentic source for India. It
will be updated annually with latest CEA database
Monitoring Frequency: Annually
CEA data has been used for the estimations, which is the apex
authority of electricity sector in India. Hence, the QA/QC are not
under the control of project participants.
Latest available data of the CEA has been used.
RATE Compliance y
%
Rate of Compliance
Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) of India/ Municipal bodies
or any authentic sources
Value of data applied for the 10
B.5:
According to CPCB Annual Report published in March 2010 2008methods and procedures to be
09, the compliance rate is 0.81%54. However gradual improvement in
applied:
MSW management systems is expected in the future. Still complete
compliance to MSW Rules 2000 remains a distant dream. Thus a
conservative value of 10% is assumed for ex-ante estimations.
However, this parameter would be monitored for ex-post calculations
and updated. If this parameter is monitored and published by
authentic source in the country, the same will be taken, without any
further study/assessment.
Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
Monitoring frequency: Annual

QA/QC procedures to
be applied:
54
The project participants will ensure usage of credible data source to

carry out the assessment. The officially published reports/data of
CPCB would be preferred.
CPCB Annual Report 2008-09 published in March 2010

CDM Executive Board
page 77
Any comment:
In the ex-post emission reduction calculation, latest available data

published by CPCB will be considered for calculating the compliance
rate and baseline emission for methane emission from dumping of
solid waste in unmanaged landfill in the baseline scenario. The
project will stop receiving any credit once the compliance reaches
50% limit.
Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
B.5:
applied:
NO vehicles,i,y
Number
Number of Vehicles to transport RDF/ compost/ inert per year.
Counting
71
QA/QC procedures to
be applied:
Any comment:
Counter should accumulate the number of trucks carrying RDF/

compost/ inert.
Number of vehicles must match with total amount of sold compost.
Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
DTi,y
km
Average additional distance travelled by vehicle type i compared to
the baseline in year y.
Plant records.
Value of data applied for the 50 km for waste Transport (from ULBs to Processing Plant)
purpose of calculating expected 60 km for RDF Transport (from Karimnagar - Power plant)
emission reductions in section 70 km for RDF transport (from Ramagundam - Power plant)
B.5:
250 km for RDF transport (from Nizamabad Power plant)
400 km for Compost transport - The project proponent envisages the
sale of compost with in 200 km radius from the project site and
hence, return trip distance of 400 km considered.
Similarly for ash, 40 km distance for disposal/end use envisaged and
hence, return trip distance of 80 km for Ash transport considered.
For residual waste (inerts) transportation, it has been considered as 0
km since the landfills are located adjacent to the respective
processing plants.
The distance travelled by each truck for transporting RDF, compost,
residual waste, incoming waste and ash will be recorded from the log
applied:
book of each vehicle, and will be recorded in a consolidated record
maintenance book. The values will be cross checked against the
official records and maps of the govt agencies or online sources.

CDM Executive Board
page 78
QA/QC procedures to
be applied:
Any comment:
The distance has been measured using available maps and other
online reliable sources.
Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
B.5:
applied:
QA/QC procedures to
be applied:
VFcons
Litre/km
Vehicle fuel consumption in liters per kilometre for vehicle type i.
Plant records
0.22 (for the purpose of ex-ante estimations, values of Road
transport service efficiency study55 for India have been considered)
Any comment:
Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
B.5:
applied:
QA/QC procedures to
be applied:
For ex-post calculations, value will be taken from plant records.

Sampling will be done 24 times a year for average fuel consumption
per vehicle. (See Annex 4 for details on sample size)
Every time the sample is monitored, record will be kept
electronically and in a Logbook. (See Annex 4 for details on sample
size)
Q biomass,y
tonne/year
Amount of RDF combusted in year y
Project participants
163155
The quantity of RDF will be measured continuously using

weighbridge, which is installed at the power plant. The trucks
carrying quantity of RDF weighted by a calibrated weighbridge twice
upon entry and exit to arrive net quantity of fuel procured.
Accuracy: 10kg
All produced stabilized biomass (RDF) will be trucked off from site.
All trucks leaving site will be weighed.
55
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTSARREGTOPTRANSPORT/PublicationsandReports/20747263/Final_versio
n03NOV2005.pdf

CDM Executive Board
page 79

Pradesh
Any comment:
Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
B.5:
applied:
Calibration frequency: once in a year

Aj,x
Tonnes/year
Amount of organic waste type j prevented from disposal in the
landfill in the year x
Plant Records
Paper
10220
Wood
20440
Gardern Yard Park Waste
95046
Food Waste
277473
Textile
42413
The amount of fresh waste carried in each and every truck, being
brought to the respective processing plants and selected for further
processing is weighed, using electronic weighbridge and recorded as
Wx. The fraction of each waste type will be monitored as Pn,i,y and
the value of Aj,x will be calculated by multiplying Wx with Pn,i,y for
each waste type and recorded. Records are maintained electronically.
Monitoring frequency: Continuous with Annual aggregation
QA/QC procedures to
be applied:
Any comment:
--
Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
B.5:
W,x
Tonnes/year
Total amount of waste prevented from disposal in year x (tons)
Plant Records, weighbridge
applied:
Uncertainty level: medium
Karimnagar
Ramagundam
Nizamabad
Total
TPD
500
TPD
500
TPD
400
TPD
1400
TPA
511000
The amount of fresh waste carried in each and every truck, being
brought to the respective processing plants and selected for further
processing is weighed, using electronic weighbridge. Records are
maintained electronically.
Monitoring frequency: Continuous with Annual aggregation
Weighbridge calibration to be done as per manufacturers

CDM Executive Board
page 80
specification.
QA/QC procedures to
be applied:
Any comment:
Calibration frequency: Annually

Accuracy: 10kg
Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
Ac,i,x
Tonnes/year
Amount of residual waste type ci from processing/combustion of
RDF (Tonnes/year)

B.5:
applied:
0 (for ex-ante)
The amount of residual waste generated from RDF combustion will

be weighed, using electronic weighbridge. Records are maintained
electronically.
Monitoring frequency: continuous
Recording frequency: daily, aggregated monthly
QA/QC procedures to
be applied:
Procedures will be checked daily by plant supervisor.
Any comment:

Data / Parameter:
Rt
Data unit:
Description:
tonne/year
Total weight of RDF produced (t/yr)
Project participants

purpose of calculating expected 163155
B.5:
The measurements will be carried out using weighbridge for the total
RDF generated at each processing facility.
applied:
Recording frequency: daily
QA/QC procedures to
Weighbridge will be subject to periodic calibration (in accordance
be applied:
with stipulation of the weighbridge supplier).

CDM Executive Board
page 81
Any comment:
Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
in section B.5
applied:

Rn
Tonnes/year
Weight of RDF sold offsite for which no sale invoices can be
provided
0 (for ex-ante estimations)
The ex-ante value has been taken as zero. For ex-post calculation of
emission reductions, actual values will be used. Sale invoices shall
be kept at the project site.
applied:

Recording frequency: daily
Weighbridge will be subject to periodic calibration (in accordance
with stipulation of the weighbridge supplier).
Any comment:
Calibration frequency: once in every 6 months

Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
in section B.5
applied:
S a,y
%
Share of waste that degrades under anaerobic conditions in the
composting plant during year y
Plant Records
0
A statistically significant sampling procedure will be set up that

consists of multiple measurements throughout the different stages of
the composting process according to a predetermined pattern (depths
and scatter) on a weekly basis.
applied:
Monitoring frequency: Weekly

Recording frequency: Monthly
O2-measurement-instrument will be subject to periodic calibration
(in accordance with stipulation of instrument-supplier).
Measurement itself to be done by using a standardized mobile gas
detection instrument.
Any comment:

The windrows will be turned on a weekly basis to ensure proper
aerobic conditions

CDM Executive Board
page 82
Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
in section B.5
applied:
S OD,y
Unitless
Number of samples with oxygen deficiency (i.e., oxygen content
below 10 %)
Oxygen measurement device
0 (For ex-ante calculations)
A statistically significant sampling procedure will be set up that

consists of multiple measurements throughout the different stages of
the composting process according to a predetermined pattern (depths
and scatter) on a weekly basis.
applied:

Measurement itself to be done by using a standardized mobile gas
detection instrument.
Any comment:

Samples with oxygen content <10%. Weekly measurements
throughout the year but accumulated once per year only.
Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
in section B.5
applied:
applied:
S total, y
Number
Number of samples
Oxygen measurement device
24 (for each batch of compost windrows from formation of windrow
to completion of compost process)
The oxygen content in a windrow is at minimal level before turning

since fresh oxygen is supplied to the windrow at the time of turning.
Hence oxygen monitoring should be conducted just before turning to
determine any anaerobic condition prevalent in the windrow. To
determine the oxygen content during the process it should be
sampled 24 times per batch (6 samples before every turning, thus 24
samples for 4 turnings).
Measurement itself to be done by using a standardised mobile gas
detection instrument. A statistically significant sampling procedure

CDM Executive Board
page 83
will be set up that consists of multiple measurements throughout the

different stages of the composting process according to a
predetermined pattern (depths and scatter) on a weekly basis.
Any comment:
Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
in section B.5
applied:

Accuracy: Minimum 0.2%
No comments.
Z
Unitless
Number of samples collected during the year y
Project Participant
1248
Sampling will be done for waste composition and other parameters

as per monitoring plan.
Every time the sample is monitored, record will be kept
electronically and in a Logbook.
Monitoring Frequency: Continuous
applied:
Any comment:
Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
in section B.5
applied:
Uncertainty level: Low
Amount of RDF used outside the project boundary

tonnes
Plant Records
0
Sale invoices of the RDF, if any would be kept at the project site.
They would contain customer contact details, physical location of
delivery, type, amount (in tons) and purpose of RDF purchase (use
as fuel etc.)
Monitoring Frequency: continuously
applied:
RDF produced will be used to generate electricity in the power

plant. However, all the copies of sales invoices will be kept if any
RDF is sold outside the project boundary.

CDM Executive Board
page 84
Any comment:
Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
B.5
applied:
applied:
Any comment:
Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
B.5
applied:

The purpose of RDF generation is to use exclusively for the power
plant. Hence, no sale/supply of RDF is considered outside the
project boundary.
CCWi
Fraction
Fraction of carbon content in waste type i
Table 2.4, Chapter 2, IPCC 2006 guidelines
Paper/cardboard
0.46
Textiles
0.50
Food Waste
0.38
Wood
0.5
Garden and park waste
0.49
Nappies
0.70
Rubber and leather
0.67
Plastics
0.75
other, inert waste
0.03
IPCC default value chosen for conservative estimation
IPCC values applied. Hence, no QA/QC required.

No comments.
Soil Application of Compost
Tones/year
Quantity of compost produced used for soil application in the year y
Plant records on-site
60225
The quantity of compost sold from each of the processing units will
be monitored at the weighbridge and recorded.
applied:
Monitoring Frequency: continuously

Recording Frequency: daily
The quantity of compost leaving the site can be cross checked with
the sale receipts.
Any comment:

No comments.
Data / Parameter:
EFN2O

CDM Executive Board
page 85
Data unit:
Description:
B.5
gN2O/tonne waste
Aggregate N2O emission factor for waste combustion in RDF boiler
Vol.5, Chapter 5, Table 5.6, IPCC 2006
68.5
IPCC Default value is 50 g N2O/tonne waste. Considering
conservativeness factor of 1.37 as per methodology, the net value
comes out to be 68.5 g N2O/tone or 0.0685 KgN2O/tonne waste.
applied:
applied:
Any comment:
Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
B.5
EFCH4
KgCH4/Gg waste
Aggregate CH4 emission factor for waste combustion in RDF boiler
Vol.5, Chapter 5, Table 5.3, IPCC 2006
8.22
IPCC Default value is 6 Kg CH4/Gg waste. Considering
conservativeness factor of 1.37 as per methodology, the net value
comes out to be 8.22 Kg CH4/Gg waste
applied:
applied:
Any comment:
Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
B.5
applied:
applied:
Any comment:
GWPN2O
Number
Global warming potential of N2O
UNFCCC published values
Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
GWPCH4
Number
Monitoring frequency: annual

--
Monitoring frequency: annaul

--
310

No comments.

CDM Executive Board
page 86
Description:
B.5
applied:
applied:
Any comment:
Global warming potential of N2O

UNFCCC published values
Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
B.5
applied:
Fco-firing
tonnes/year
Amount of coal/fossil fuel fed into the RDF combustor in the year y
Plant Records
applied:
21

No comments.
8158 (assumed as 5% for ex-ante estimations)
The quantity of each type fuel will be measured continuously using

weighbridge, which is installed at the plant. The trucks carrying fuel
weighted by a calibrated weighbridge twice upon entry and exit to
arrive net quantity of fuel procured.
Accuracy: 10kg
Recording frequency: Daily, aggregated monthly
Pradesh. Measured values can also be cross checked with sales of
compost.
Any comment:

Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
NCVfossil fuel
MJ/Gg
Net calorific value of fuel
IPCC default value

B.5
Diesel oil : 43300

Coal
: 25800
In the absence of project specific data and region specific data, IPCC
2006 default value has been taken. Moreover, IPCC 2006 default

CDM Executive Board
page 87
applied:
applied:
Any comment:
value is a conservative selection since the amount of emissions

resulting from onsite use of fuel is relatively low.
-
Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
EFfuel
tCO2/TJ
Emission factor of the fuel (diesel)
IPCC default values

B.5
74.8 IPCC default values vide Page No. 16 of 2006 IPCC Guidelines
for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories vide web link
http://www.ipccnggip.
iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/pdf/2_Volume2/V2_2_Ch2_Stationary_Com
bustion.pdf
2006 default value has been taken. The source of data would be as
per latest guidelines. IPCC default values are conservative.
applied:
applied:
Any comment:
Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
B.5
applied:
applied:
Any comment:
Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:

EFi
Fraction
Combustion efficiency for waste
IPCC default value
1
As per IPCC the combustion efficiency for incineration can be

considered as 100% (please, refer table 1.4 of IPCC Guidelines for
National Green House Gas Inventories 2006).
The source of data would be as per latest guidelines.
EFco-firing
tCO2/MJ
Emission factor of co-firing fuel (Coal) used in the boiler
Used IPCC 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories,

CDM Executive Board
page 88

B.5
applied:
applied:
Any comment:
Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:

B.5
applied:
applied:
Any comment:
Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
in section B.5
applied:
Volume 2
99.7
2006 default value has been taken. The source of data would be as per
latest guidelines. IPCC default values are conservative.
Dfuel
kg/L
Density of diesel
Society of Indian automobile manufacturers (SIAM)
www.siamindia.com/scripts/Diesel.aspx or any other latest publicly
available information available
0.845
The latest available SIAM value would be considered as it is

publicly available and can be referred as authentic source. In
absence of SIAM value availability, it would be taken from other
most recent publicly available information.
Since using publicly available information, hence, no QA/QC
required.
-
CEFd
tCO2/MWh
Carbon emissions factor for the displaced electricity source
Publicly available data as published Central Electric Authority (CEA)
of India
0.8525
This data is taken from publicly available CEA CO2 baseline database
version 06, March 2011. This is the most authentic source for India
For ex-post monitoring:
Data would be sourced from latest publicly available data as
published by Central Electric Authority (CEA) of India
Monitoring Frequency: Annual

CDM Executive Board
page 89
applied:
Any comment:
--
Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
in section B.5
applied:
Quantity of biomass consumed in year y

Ton/y
Quantity of biomass consumed in year y
Plant Logbooks
0 (Projected for ex-ante estimation)
applied:
Any comment:
--
The quantity of biomass will be measured continuously using

weighbridge, which is installed at the power plant. The trucks carrying
quantity of biomass weighted by a calibrated weighbridge twice upon
entry and exit to arrive net quantity of biomass procured.
Value would be adjusted for the moisture content in order to
determine the quantity of dry biomass.
Accuracy: 10kg
All trucks leaving site will be weighed
Pradesh
Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
in section B.5
applied:
applied:
Any comment:
Moisture content of the biomass (wet basis)

%
Moisture content of the biomass (wet basis)
Plant Logbooks
0
Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
Moisture content of the RDF

%
Moisture content of the RDF
Laboratory test records
Shall be monitored in the event biomass is used as a supplementary

fuel
-

CDM Executive Board
page 90

in section B.5
applied:
applied:
Any comment:
Ex-post monitoring values would be used
Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
in section B.5
applied:
Net calorific value of biomass type k

TJ/Gg
Net calorific value of biomass type k
IPCC Default Value, Volume 2 Table 1.2
11.6
applied:
Any comment:
Shall be monitored through regular laboratory tests for RDF.

Monitoring Frequency: Once in three months
Tests would be done by a Government of India accredited laboratory.
-
2006 default value has been taken. Moreover, IPCC 2006 default
value is a conservative selection since the amount of emissions
resulting from onsite use of biomass is relatively low.
-
Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
in section B.5
applied:
applied:
Any comment:
NCVRDF
kcal/kg
Net Calorific value of RDF
Laboratory test records
Ex-post monitoring values would be used
Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
Temperature of the composting process

Deg.C
Shall be monitored through regular laboratory tests for RDF.

Monitoring Frequency: Once in three months
Tests would be done by a Government of India accredited laboratory.
-

CDM Executive Board
page 91

in section B.5
applied:
applied:
Any comment:
Data / Parameter:
Data unit:
Description:
in section B.5
applied:
applied:
Any comment:
Plant records at respective process plants.

0 to 100
The temperature will be measured weekly by using digital handhold

temperature gauge.
Calibration Frequency: once in two years
Accuracy class
: 5%
-
Oxygen content compost heaps

%
Oxygen content in compost heaps
Oxygen Measurement Device
Statistically significant
O2 measurement instrument will be subjected to periodic calibration (

in accordance with stipulation of instrument supplier). A statistically
significant Sampling procedure will be setup that consist of multiple
measurement through out the different stages of composting process
according to a predetermined pattern ( depths and scatter) on a weekly
basis.
Accuracy class : 0.2%
-
B.7.2. Description of the monitoring plan:

>>
This monitoring plan is developed in accordance with the modalities and procedures confirmed to applied
methodology AM0025 and CDM guidelines. It is proposed for grid-connected RDF based renewable
energy project and also aerobic composting facilities at three different locations, namely, Karimnagar,
Nizamabad and Ramagundam, being implemented in Andhra Pradesh in India. The monitoring plan,
which will be implemented by the project proponent, describes about the monitoring organization,
parameters to be monitored, monitoring practices, quality assurance, quality control procedures, data
storage and archiving.
Project proponent formed a CDM team/committee comprising of persons from relevant departments,
which will be responsible for monitoring of all the parameters mentioned in this section. In the CDM

CDM Executive Board
page 92
team, will be formed who will be assigned responsibility of monitoring of different parameters and record
keeping. On daily basis, the monitoring reports will be checked and forwarded to management level.
All the parameters mentioned in the monitoring plan have been monitoring in the plant. The entire
process of monitoring has been streamlined and will be made available in the required format during the
verification process and for subsequent useful purposes. The Fuel Consumption data, etc are being
maintained in different formats.
1
Routine Maintenance Services

Routine Maintenance Labour Work involves making available suitable manpower for operation
and maintenance of the equipment and covers periodic preventive maintenance, cleaning and
upkeep of the equipment including a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
l)
m)
Boiler
Turbine
Generator
RDF handling equipments
Cooling tower
Condenser
Control Panel Maintenance
Rotary screen trammels/vibro screens
Magnetic separator
Crushing and shredding system
Conveyor system
Windrow systems
Waste curing and coarse segregation systems
Management Services
a) Data logging in for power generation
b) Preparation and submission of monthly performance report in agreed format.
c) Taking monthly meter reading of power generated by the RDF based power plant.
Technical Services
a) Visual inspection of the power plant and accessories
b) Technical assistance including checking of various technical, safety and operational
parameters of the equipment, trouble shooting and relevant technical services.
Project Monitoring
a) Amount of electricity generated by the project activity (EGd,y) which is the difference of
measured export and import readings recorded at grid interface.
b) Carbon emissions factor for the displaced electricity source (CEFd)
c) Quantity of MSW at each processing plants
d) Amount of electricity consumed from the grid (EG PJ,FF,y) at each processing plants
e) Carbon emissions factor for electricity generation in the Project activity (CEFelec)
f) On-site diesel consumptions at each processing plants as well as power plant (Fcons,y)

CDM Executive Board
page 93
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
l)
m)
n)
o)
p)
q)
r)
s)
t)
u)
v)
w)
x)
y)
z)
aa)
Net calorific value of Diesel.

Density of diesel
Amount of RDF combusted in year y (Q biomass,y)
The quantity of RDF combusted in the power plant (AMSW) will be recorded and the received
quantities can be cross checked with respective MSW processing plant log books.
Amount of coal combusted (F co-firing) in the project plant will be recorded and the same will be
cross checked against the purchase receipts.
Quantity of biomass consumed.
Weight fraction of the waste type (Pn,i,y) at each processing plants
Fraction of fossil carbon in total carbon of waste type (FCF i)
Carbon content of in waste type
Number of samples collected
Amount of ash generation from the power plant will be monitored using weigh bridge.
Quantities of produced compost at each MSW processing plant (M compost)
Oxygen measurements in the composting process
Number of vehicles (NO vehicles,i,y)of carrying Compost sold.
Transport distances (DTi,y) for RDF/Biomass, compost and ash will be monitored on daily
basis Temperature of the composting process: temperature of the composting process would
be monitored on a regular basis using a thermometer for all the windrows. Recods would be
maintained for verification.
Net calorific value (NCV) and Moisture for Biomass fuels
Net Calorific Value (NCV) and Moisture content of the RDF
Net calorific value (NCV) of Coal
Weight of RDF sold off site (Rn)
Data storage and archiving

A document control system will be implemented by the plant manager in order to ensure proper
storage of the monitored data and other relevant documents. A copy of monitored data will also
be kept in cabins in order to ensure their safety. Regular internal audits will be conducted in order
to ensure correct implementation of the monitoring plan. All audit findings, including corrective
actions will be recorded and shall be made available at the time of verification. All monitored
data required for verification and issuance will be kept for two years after the end of the crediting
period or the last issuance of CERs, for this project activity, whichever occurs later.
5
Roles and Responsibilities of Monitoring Team

Director
Director is responsible for the total monitoring plan. Director will examine the reports generated
by General Manger with reference to the monthly electricity generated; net electricity exported to
grid and annual emission reduction calculations as per the monitoring plan.
He also examines the internal audit reports prepared by internal auditor and will in particular take
note of any deviations in data over the norms and monitor that the corrective actions have
resulted in adherence to standards.
General Manager (GM)

CDM Executive Board
page 94
General Manager is responsible for review the monthly reports submitted by Manager
(Operations) and prepare a quarterly report on operational conditions of plant and also compiling
the data on electricity export to the grid system on a quarterly basis for submission to the
Director. The responsibility of GM also includes suggesting and modifying the structure of
monitoring reports on consultation with Director and data recording formats as and when
required.
He would also coordinate to obtain audit reports as per the monitoring plan from Internal
auditors.
Power Plant
Manager (Operations)
Manager (Operations) is responsible for the electricity generations of the project. He would check
and sign the daily plant operation reports regularly and report to the General Manager for any
abnormality. Based on the daily reports, the monthly reports will be generated and submitted to
the GM for verification and emission reduction calculations.
The periodical tests of the monitoring equipments would be looked after by him as per the
monitoring plan. The responsibility of storage and archiving of information in good condition
also lies with the Manager (Operations).
Shift in-charge
Shift in-charge will monitor the plant parameters including the monitoring parameters as
described in the PDD. He will collect the data recorded in log sheets of respective sections and
prepare the consolidated report on electricity generation, export to grid, fuel consumption, plant
shut down time, etc. for every shift. These reports would be submitted to the Manager
(Operations) for review.
Plant operators
Plant operators are responsible for proper operation of the mechanical equipment and reporting
daily data of steam generated, steam fed to turbine, parameters of steam and flow meter reading
of the power plant and record meter readings of monitoring parameters as well as process
parameters in plant log sheets.
MSW Process Plants
Plant in-charge
Shift in-charge will monitor the plant parameters including the monitoring parameters as
described in the PDD. He will collect the data recorded in log sheets of respective sections and
prepare the consolidated reports daily. These reports would be submitted to the Power Plant
Manager for review.
The periodical tests of the monitoring equipments would be looked after by him as per the
monitoring plan.
Plant operators

CDM Executive Board
page 95
Plant operators are responsible for proper operation of the mechanical equipment and reporting
daily data of the MSW & Compost process units and record of monitoring parameters as well as
process parameters in plant log sheets.
Emergency Preparations
Emergency preparedness is an important part of S(MSW)GELs operation of power plant. The
plant will be designed and constructed for safe, reliable operation with safety systems and highly
qualified employees. S(MSW)GEL has prepared a disaster management plan for the plant which
includes the fire safety, electrical safety etc provisions. A regular awareness is created for the
different safety procedures.
Training procedures
Engineers/ technicians recruited will have experience of working in the similar fields. Equipment
suppliers will depute their commissioning engineers to train the engineers/ technicians and
supporting operating manuals will be provided by them.
Formation of CDM Team:
A CDM project team would be constituted with participation from relevant departments. People
would betrained on CDM concept and monitoring plan. This team will be responsible for data
collection andarchiving. This team will meet periodically to review CDM project activity check
data collected, emissions reduced etc. On a weekly basis, the monitoring reports are checked and
discussed by the seniors CDM team members/managers. In case of any irregularity observed by
any of the CDM team member, it is informed to the concerned person for necessary actions. On
monthly basis, these reports are forwarded to the management level.
Plant Head: Overall responsibility of compliance with the CDM monitoring plan.
Department Head: Responsibility for completeness of data, reliability of data (calibration of
meters), and monthly report generation
Shift In-charge: Responsibility of daily report generation
B.8.
Date of completion of the application of the baseline study and monitoring methodology and
the name of the responsible person(s)/entity(ies):
>>
Date of completion of baseline: 12/12/2011
Mr. Sumit Barat

Head Climate Change & Sustainable Solutions
SENES Consultants India Pvt Ltd.
1st Floor, Tower B, Logix Techno Park
Plot No. 5, Sector 127
Noida (UP) - 201301, India
Tel: +91-120-4368400 (O); +91-120-4368406 (D); +91-9810832452 (M)
Fax: +91-120-4368401
Email: sbarat@senesindia.com

CDM Executive Board
page 96
Web Site: http://senesindia.com
SECTION C. Duration of the project activity / crediting period

C.1.
Duration of the project activity:
C.1.1. Starting date of the project activity:

>>
11 July 2008 (LOI for Boiler)
C.1.2. Expected operational lifetime of the project activity:

>>
20 years from the starting date of the project activity.
C.2.
Choice of the crediting period and related information:

C.2.1. Renewable crediting period:
C.2.1.1.
Starting date of the first crediting period:
>>
Not applicable
C.2.1.2.
Length of the first crediting period:
>>
Not applicable
C.2.2. Fixed crediting period:
C.2.2.1.
Starting date:
>>
01/04/2012 or from the date of registration of project activity with UNFCCC, whichever is later.
C.2.2.2.
>>
10 years and 0 months
Length:
SECTION D. Environmental impacts

>>
D.1.
Documentation on the analysis of the environmental impacts, including transboundary
impacts:
>>
The project being a municipal solid waste based power project, it does not fall under the purview of the
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) notification of the Ministry of Environment and Forest,
Government of India. As per the Government of India notification dated June 13, 2002 based on
environment protection rule, 1986, public hearing and EIA is required for those industries/projects which

CDM Executive Board
page 97
are listed in the predefined list of Ministry of Environment and Forest. Thermal power projects with
investment of less than Rs. 100 crore have been excluded from the list. Hence, it is not required by the
host party. As per the latest MoEF office memorandum dated 11 November 2009 56, the Power plants up
to 15 MW capacity based on biomass and non hazardous municipal wastes to be exempted from EIA,
under clause no. 7.3, (i), pg.no.2 and Plants/units based on non hazardous municipal solid wastes to be
exempted from EIA under clause no. 7.4, (iii), pg.no.2. Hence, the project does not required to carry out
any EIA study nor public hearing.
The project activity is permitted to consume coal to an extent of 15% of the annual fuel consumption as
supplementary fuel per the guidelines of MoEF. The consent for operation obtained, the project activity is
permitted to use RDF and biomass to an extent of 273 and 75 TPD respectively. Over and above all
applicable environmental clearances such as consent to operate and consent to establish has been acquired
by the project plant. The project plant will ensure that all environmental pollution parameter will be kept
well under the limit, otherwise the consent to operate will be withdrawn by state pollution control board.
The pollution control board authority will be taking periodical test as required by governing laws.
The project activity proposes the following environmental management measure:
Power plant:
The environmental impact of the proposed power plan covering the following aspects is briefly described
below.
Air Pollution
Water Pollution
Noise Pollution
Air pollution Management
MSW Processing Plant

MSW presently being dumped at the site is causing enormous air pollution by way of burning of waste by
rag pickers or otherwise. In the proposed MSW processing Plant, MSW will be sprayed with Herbal
Sanitiser that arrests the multiplication of pathogenic micro organisms, flies because of which bad odour
is controlled.
As each day MSW is processed within one day, the possibility of putrefactions eliminated. MSW is
received and processed under a covered shed. Due to the above reasons, there is no scope for the
attraction of birds. There will be generation of dust at specific locations while processing MSW.
However, dust hoods with control mechanism will be adopted to arrest dust.
Power Plant
The project proposed air pollution control systems such as Electrostatic Precipitator. The stack height for
the proposed plant will be 52 meters minimum considering the fuel characteristics. The Electrostatic
56
http://moef.nic.in/downloads/public-information/OM%2011-11-2009.pdf

CDM Executive Board
page 98
Precipitator (ESP) will remove most of the fly ash from the flue gas; thereby limiting the quantity of fly
ash emitted to atmosphere and will be designed such that the outlet dust concentration meets the Pollution
Control Board stipulations of 100 mg/Nm3. Since the temperature in the furnace of the steam generator is
very less, NOx formation will be restricted and no additional equipment for NOx control will be required.
Similarly it may be pointed that generation of dioxins will be restricted, and no additional air pollution
equipment will be required for its control.
Dust Control Measures During Fuel Handling, Preparation and Feeding
Whereever applicable dust hoods with dust separation units would be provided to arrest the dust.
The proposed air pollution control equipment would be installed prior to commissioning the
plant.
Stack emissions for SPM, SO2 &NOx will be monitored regularly to meet the statutory regularly
to meet the statutory requirements.
All the internal roads will be asphalted to reduce the fugitive dust due to truck movement.
Green belt will be provided around the plant area and along the internal roads.
Water Pollution Management

MSW Processing Plant
No water will be used for processing MSW for production of Fuel Fluff and hence, no water pollution
will be caused.
Power Plant
The water pollutants from the proposed plants are:
Effluent from various sources

Plant sewage water
Canteen waste
Neutralization plant
Lime would be used in the proposed Neutralization plant. The effluent would be neutralized by the
addition of either acid or alkali to achieve the required pH before disposing off to the nearest disposal
point.
The characteristics of the treated effluent would be kept well below the Pollution Control Boards
Standards for on land irrigation. Hence there will not be any adverse impact on ground water / surface
water.
The following precautions would also is observed:
The quantity of effluent would be minimized through reuse to the maximum possible extent

CDM Executive Board
page 99
The neutralization tank would be constructed before commissioning of the main plant is taken up
for maintenance.
The neutralization units shall be taken up for maintenance, wherever the main plant is taken up
for maintenance.
Ash Handling System
The bed ash will be collected using a submerged bed ash conveyor, which will lead to bed ash silo. Bed
ash silo will be constructed of MS. The bottom of the ash silo will be provided with a slide gate suitable
for discharge into trolleys/trucks.
The ash collected from the three sections of the ESP shall be led to a screw conveyor and carried to a
discharge point at about 2 m elevation for discharge into a trolley. During rainy season when the brick
manufacturing cannot be done the ash will be stored in the Ash Storage Silos with adequate storage
capacity.
The ash generated from the proposed power plant is devoid of heavy metals. Hence it can be utilised for
brick manufacturing. Hence there will not be any impact on land environment due to the proposed power
plant.
Post Project Monitoring Strategy
The monitoring of various environmental parameters is necessary which part of the environmental
protection measures is. Monitoring is an important feature because the efficiency of control measures can
only be determined by monitoring. Locations and frequency of monitoring as per the guidelines of PCB
and MOEF will be carried out.
Noise Level Management
The major noise generating sources in the proposed power plant will be Turbine generator, High Pressure
Boiler and Compressor at 1 m distance from the source. The major noise levels will be confined to the
working zones of the proposed power plant. The Noise levels during the day time (6AM to 10 PM) shall
be 75 dB and night time (10 PM to 6AM) shall be 70 dB.
The following precautions would also be observed:
a. Adopting shock-absorbing techniques would reduce the impact.
b. Damping materials such as rubber / lead sheets would be used for raping the work places like turbine
generator, high pressure boilers, compressors, rooms etc.
c. Ear mufflers will be provided to the workers
d. Use of hollow concrete blocks in the main power block will reduce the noise levels outsides.
e. Extensive greenbelt shall be developed for further attenuation of noise levels.
Green Belt Development
Greenbelt will be developed along the boundary. The tree species to be selected for the plantation would
be pollutant tolerant, fast growing, wind firm, deep rooted. A three tier plantation is proposed comprising

CDM Executive Board
page 100
of an outer most belt of taller trees which will act as barrier, middle core acting as air cleaner and the
inner most core which may be termed as absorptive layer consisting of trees which are known to be
particularly tolerant to pollutants.
Composting:
The composting does not use any scarce resources (like water); it doesnt produce any solid waste or
emissions to water and soil. The limited number of vehicles onsite (few dumpers, front end loaders etc.),
do produce local combustion gases. The engines of vehicles however, will comply with existing norms;
therefore the amount of emissions will be very limited. The electricity used on the site causes off site
pollution related to electricity generation in power station. The amount of electricity used in the project is
marginal and therefore off site GHG emissions are negligible.
Composting can have some local environmental impact, mainly odour emissions. Odour reduction
techniques are applied by the use of inoculants. The fresh stacks of material are sprayed with inoculums/
sanitizer via sprayer to reduce odour and repel vectors. The inoculums will also reduce the problems of
flies and bird menace. During composting some dark coloured thick fluid may get generated. This fluid is
known as leachate. It should not percolate in the soil or else it will pollute the ground water. To avoid
this, proper concreting of the Compost Pad is done and a peripheral drain is provided to collect the
leachate generated during the process. The leachate so collected will be recycled over the windrows.
The air born litter is controlled by providing a green belt around the plant. The compost produced in the
plant will act as a soil conditioner and will enrich the organic content of soil. This will reduce soil erosion
and chemical imbalance in soil associated with excessive use of chemical fertilizers.
Control of dioxins and furans:
RDF is produced after processing of the waste containing paper, plastics, metals and PVC materials etc.
Though burning of RDF may lead to production of dioxin and furans, the plant will take all possible
measures in accordance to CPCB guidelines to prevent its release into the atmosphere. The following are
the control measures given by CPCB that will be followed by the plant:
Proper segregation of waste
Composting of organic waste
Avoid combustion of wet garbage
Good combustion chamber design to optimize the supply of air for achieving more complete
destruction of waste
The flue gas resulting from the combustion process is raised to a temperature of 850C for at least
2 seconds in the bioler
Quick cooling of flue gas to minimize dioxin reformation between 200C to 400C
Regular cleaning of boiler tubes to prevent build up of fly ash, which can serve as a catalyst for
dioxin reformation
Suspension of waste feeding operation to allow urgent trouble shooting and problem-fixing, when
abnormal monitoring readings of air emissions or boiler temperature is detected
Hence, RDF can be used safely, as an alternative fuel for power generation, keeping the dioxins and
furans within limits.
With the above environmental measures, the project is reduces all the possible impacts on the
environment due the processes involved.

CDM Executive Board
page 101
D.2.
If environmental impacts are considered significant by the project participants or the host Party,
please provide conclusions and all references to support documentation of an environmental impact
assessment undertaken in accordance with the procedures as required by the host Party:
>>
Government of India in its notification57 dated 14th September, 2006, has directed that construction of
new projects or activities or the expansion or modernization of existing projects or activities listed in the
Schedule to the above mentioned notification entailing capacity addition with change in process and or
technology shall be undertaken in any part of India only after the prior environmental clearance from the
Central Government or as the case may be, by the State Level Environment Impact Assessment
Authority, duly constituted by the Central Government.
Hence, all new projects or expansion and modernization of existing projects or activities listed in category
A and B of the Schedule to the notification has to obtain prior EIA clearance. RDF based power projects
have not been included in either of the categories thus these projects do not require to undertake
environmental clearance prior to their installation.
SECTION E. Stakeholders comments
>>
E.1.
Brief description how comments by local stakeholders have been invited and compiled:
>>
A meeting was organized on 03/01/2009 by the project proponent at the project site to get comments and
suggestions of the local stakeholders on their project activity. Invitations were sent in form of individual
letters addressed to the different stakeholders identified for the project. Representatives of a wide cross
section of the society of the local inhabitants were invited to express their views along with the
representatives of the project proponent were present to clarify their queries and receive their feedback on
the project activity. The venue of the meeting was the S(MSW)GEL Plant at Rebladevpally Village near
Sultanabad in Karimnagar District. To get an organized and structured feedback from the stakeholders,
the meeting was designed in a question answer format, where social, economic and environmental issues
were put up in the form of questions and comments were invited on them. Project proponent replied to
their queries appropriately and suggestions came up in this meeting have been given due consideration
and future actions were planned accordingly. Pictures were also taken during stakeholders meeting
Stakeholder Consultation:
The local stakeholders are immediately affected by the activities of the project. The effect is on the local
environment, social life and economics. All the individuals and organizations falling in the above effects
are perceived as stakeholders. They can be within the boundaries of the village, district, state or nation.
S(MSW)GEL checked the opinion of the stakeholders on the project through consultation of stakeholders.
Rural Local Population:
The rural population is directly involved with the project. First of all they will be confronted with the
construction and operation of a power plant in their vicinity. Adequate attention was given to maintain a
cordial relationship with the local population during construction of the plant at the selected site and
designing the project. The project would lead to local manpower working at the plant site. Since, the
project will provide good direct and indirect employment opportunities the local populace is encouraging
the project.
57
http://envfor.nic.in/legis/eia/so1533.pdf

CDM Executive Board
page 102
The project did not require displacement of any local population. Thus, the project will not cause any
adverse social impacts on local population rather helps in improving their quality of life.
Licensing and Regulatory Authorities:
APPCB has prescribed standards of environmental compliance and monitors the adherence to the
standards. The project has already received No Objection Certificate (NOC) from APPCB to start
commissioning of the plant and has also obtained the consent for operation (CFO) from APPCB.
The Government of India, through Ministry of New & Renewable Energy (MNRE), has been promoting
energy conservation, demand side management and viable renewable energy projects including wind,
small hydro and bagasse cogeneration / bio-mass power.

CDM Executive Board
page 103
Fig.4: Local Stakeholder Consultation in Progress
E.2.
Summary of the comments received:
>>
So far only positive comments have been received. The project is welcomed by all stakeholders because it
is environmentally benign, it generates income and jobs, it supports the development of the nearby rural
areas and the state, it helps bridging the gap between the demand and supply of electricity, reduces T&D
losses, among other benefits. In the absence of the project activity decreases aesthetic beauty and added
odor in the surrounding.
E.3.
Report on how due account was taken of any comments received:
>>
As no negative comments have been received, there was no need to address any particular concerns.

CDM Executive Board
page 104
Annex 1
CONTACT INFORMATION ON PARTICIPANTS IN THE PROJECT ACTIVITY
Organization:
Street/P.O.Box:
Building:
City:
State/Region:
Postcode/ZIP:
Country:
Telephone:
FAX:
E-Mail:
URL:
Represented by:
Title:
Salutation:
Last name:
Middle name:
First name:
Department:
Mobile:
Direct FAX:
Direct tel:
Personal e-mail:
Shalivahana (MSW) Green Energy Ltd.

7th Floor, , S. D. Road,
Minerva Complex
Secunderabad
Andhra Pradesh
500 003
India
+ 91 40 67666000
+ 91 40 66310072
shalivahanaprojects@yahoo.com
Kiran Kumar
Head E & E
Mr.
Kumar
Kiran
Nuguri
Corporate Office
09393856250
+ 91 40 66315273
+91 40 32588288
kiran@shalivahanagroup.com

CDM Executive Board
page 105
Annex 2
INFORMATION REGARDING PUBLIC FUNDING
The project has not received any public funding and Official Development Assistance (ODA).

CDM Executive Board
page 106
Annex 3
BASELINE INFORMATION
From Carbon Dioxide Baseline Data base, Version 06, March 2011 published by Government of India,
Ministry of Power Central Electricity Authority (CEA), Government of India.
CENTRAL ELECTRICITY AUTHORITY: CO2 BASELINE DATABASE

VERSION
6.0
DATE
Mar-11
BASELINE METHODOLOGY
ACM0002
Weighted Average Emission Rate (tCO2/MWh) (incl. Imports) (2)

2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
NEWNE
0.86
0.84
0.82
0.81
0.83
0.82
South
0.78
0.73
0.72
0.72
0.76
0.75
India
0.84
0.81
0.80
0.79
0.82
0.81
Simple Operating Margin (tCO2/MWh) (incl. Imports) (1) (2)

2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
NEWNE
1.03
1.02
1.01
1.00
1.01
0.98
South
1.00
1.01
1.00
0.99
0.97
0.94
India
1.02
1.02
1.01
1.00
1.01
0.98
Build Margin (tCO2/MWh) (not adjusted for imports)

2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
NEWNE
0.70
0.67
0.63
0.60
0.68
0.81
South
0.70
0.71
0.70
0.71
0.82
0.76
India
0.70
0.68
0.65
0.63
0.71
0.80
2009-10
Combined Margin in tCO2/MWh (incl. Imports) (1) (2)

2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
NEWNE
0.87
0.85
0.82
0.80
0.84
0.90
South
0.85
0.86
0.85
0.85
0.90
0.8525
India
0.86
0.85
0.83
0.81
0.86
0.89

CDM Executive Board
page 107
Annex 4
MONITORING PLAN
Detailed Procedure for sampling waste composition
The composition of incoming waste will be done by sampling fresh waste. At least 24 samples will be
collected annually for each MSW processing siet. The procedures laid down in Chapter 3, Section 3.3 of
Manual on Municipal Solid Waste Management, prepared by the expert committee constituted by the
Government of India, Ministry of Urban Development; Central Public Health and Environmental
Engineering Organisation (CPHEEO), will be followed to determine the composition of waste.
Methodology for testing
For each of the sample, waste from the freshly arrived solid waste will be collected from randomly
selected four incoming trucks. 100 Kg (approx) sample will be collected from each truck and a quarter of
sample (25 kg approx) will be retained for sampling. Hence the composite sample size will be 100 Kg (25
kg each from 4 trucks). Physical inspection of the waste in the truck would be required to see that the
waste is of uniform nature. Care should be taken to verify that the samples are taken from trucks so as to
represent the entire batch.
Using coning and quartering method about 100 kg of composite sample will be drawn out from the
original solid waste. The waste should be sorted to segregate to the required constituents for weighing of
each component. This would be done at the site itself. The parameters would be noted down in format as
provided in table below.
Format for Physical Testing
S.no
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Waste Composition
Wood and wood products and straw
Pulp, paper, and cardboard (other than sludge)
Food, food waste, beverages, Fruit and vegetable and tobacco
(other than sludge)
Textiles
Other (non food) organic putrescibles, Garden, yard and park
waste
Glass, plastic, metal, other inert waste
Total
Date
Weight in Grams
____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________

CDM Executive Board
page 108
MONITORING INFORMATION
Sampling plan for determination of various monitoring parameters
The sampling plan for determining possible waste composition and other monitoring parameters is based
upon general statistical methods and the formula is given below58.
x
n =
Z(c/100)2r(100-r)
Nx
/((N-1)E2 + x)
Where
N
sample size
population size
margin of error
Z(c/100)
critical value for the confidence level c
response distribution
Constant calculated based on confidence level and response distribution
The size of sampling has been determined so that it is statistically significant with a Margin of Error of
20% at a 95% confidence level.
The critical value at a 95% confidence level is 1.9659
The response distribution is kept at a conservative 50% as this gives the maximum sample size.
Thus the value of x as per Equation 27 is calculated as:
x= (1.96)2*50*50 = 9604
Calculation of Sample Size
The processing capacity of plant is 1400 TPD and will receive about 51100 (10 tonnes capcity each) truck
load of waste. Thus the population size (N) is 51100.
Given
x = 9604
N= 51100
58
http://www.raosoft.com/samplesize.html
59
www.ucd.ie/statdept/classpages/introquantmethods/introqmchp12.pdf (Page 3)

CDM Executive Board
page 109
E= 20
The sample size as per Equation 28 is calculated as:
n=51100*9604/ ((51100-1)*202 + 9604) = 24
Therefore the Sample Size is 24.

CDM Executive Board
page 110
Appendix 1
List of projects included in Common Practice Analysis (commissioned before December 2010)
A. MSW BASED RDF POWER PLANT

Sl.No.
Plant
SESL 6 MW Municipal Solid Waste Based

Power Project at Vijayawada & Guntur,
Andhra Pradesh60
6.6 MW Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) to
Electricity Generation Project in Hyderabad,
India by SELCO61
Installed Capacity
(in MW)
6
6.6
Remarks
Not considered
since it is a CDM
project
Not considered
since it is
validating under
CDM project
List of Waste Management Projects 62:
60
http://cdm.unfccc.int/Projects/DB/SGS-UKL1171644490.79/view
61
http://cdm.unfccc.int/Projects/Validation/DB/7M3JABN4HFYCJAQPDZ7F9DC3LQK3L9/view.html
62
http://www.seas.columbia.edu/earth/wtert/sofos/Sustainable%20Solid%20Waste%20Management%20in%20India_
Final.pdf

CDM Executive Board
page 111

CDM Executive Board
page 112
-----

CDM RDF 12MW Karimnagar AP

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

CDM RDF 12MW Karimnagar AP

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03

CDM Executive Board

CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM

General description of project activity

Application of a baseline and monitoring methodology

Duration of the project activity / crediting period

Annex 1: Contact information on participants in the project activity

PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03

General description of project activity

Title of the project activity:

RDF Processing plant at

MNRE Guidelines dated 24 April 2007; http://www.mnre.gov.in/energy-uwaste.htm

PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03

RDF Processing plant at

Municipal Administration and Urban Development authority letter

PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03

Avoidance of methane emission from disposal of solid waste in the SWDS.

Contribution of Project Activity to Sustainable Development:

PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03

Social well being:

Economic well being:

The project activity will generate employment in the local area.

CEA database, Government of India; version 06, March 2011

PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03

Kindly indicate if the party

Technical description of the project activity:

PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03

Karimnagar district and Nizamabad processing unit in

PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03

PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03

A.4.2. Category(ies) of project activity:

Physical segregation using a combination of Trommel/web screens and Handpicking methods

Municipal solid waste management in Indian cities A review

PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03

PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03

FIGURE 2: FLOW DIAGRAM OF THROUGH INTEGRATED WASTE TREATMENT

Raw Waste at Tipping

Organic Waste Stream into

Power Plant as Raw Feed

Ash from P Plant

Inert Material (Glass,

Disposal into Landfill

RDF Processing plant design:

PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03

Detailed Project Report dated December 2010; page 95

PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03

Multi stage, Impulse, nozzle governed bleed cum

Estimation of annual emission reductions in

A.4.5. Public funding of the project activity:

PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03

Applicability Condition under AM0025,

The physical and chemical properties of the

Detailed Project Report, Chapter 7, section 7.8, Page 38

PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03

Applicability Condition under AM0025,

The residual waste will be aerobically

The produced compost will be used as soil

Letter from Municipal Administration & Urban Development

Detailed Project Report, Chapter 8, section 8.4.1, Page 45

Detailed Project Report, Chapter 7, section7.6, Page 39

PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03

Applicability Condition under AM0025,

If RDF/SB is disposed of in a landfill, project

Detailed Project Report, Chapter 9, section9.2.2, Page 50