Congruence and Similarity

New Century Mathematics (2nd Edition) 1B
11
Congruence and Similarity
Consolidation Exercise 11A
Level 1
1. Determine whether each pair of figures below are congruent by observation only.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
2. Find out all pairs of congruent figures in the following by observation only.
3. In each of the following, figure Q is the image of figure P after a certain transformation relative
to the fixed point .
(i) Write down the type of transformation.
(ii) Determine whether P and Q are congruent.
(a)
(b)
(d)
Oxford University Press 2015
(c)
(e)
11.1
Consolidation Exercise 1B Chapter 11
4. In the figure, ABC DEF. Name all the

corresponding angles of the two congruent triangles.
5. In the figure, JKL XYZ. Name all the

corresponding sides of the two congruent triangles.
Name a pair of congruent triangles in each of the following figures. [Nos. 69]
6.
7.
8.
9.
Find the unknowns in each of the following pairs of congruent triangles. [Nos. 1015]
10. ABC PQR
11. DEF STU
12. LMN XYZ
13. BAC FDE
11.2
14. HKG UST
15. MLN QRP
Level 2
16. Divide the figure on the right into
(a) two congruent figures,
(b) three congruent figures.
Write down a pair of congruent triangles in each of the following figures. [Nos. 1718]
17.
18.
Find the unknowns in each of the following pairs of congruent triangles. [Nos. 1920]
19. PQR TSR
20. ABF DEC
11.3
21. In the figure, ACD is a straight line. If ABC EDA, find CD.
11.4
22. It is given that PQR XYZ. PQ = 4 cm, QR = 7 cm and RP = 10 cm.

(a) Find YZ.
(b) Find XZ.
(c) Find XY.
23. It is given that ABC DEF. D = 55 and B = 65.

(a) Find E.
(b) Find A.
(c) Find C.
24. It is given that FGH MNL. M = 90, H = 60, NL = 12 cm and FH = 6 cm.

(a) Find ML.
(b) Find GH.
(c) Find F.
(d) Find N.
25. In the figure, PQR PSR and PQR = 45.

(a) Find QPR.
(b) Is QP perpendicular to SP? Explain your answer.
26. In the figure, PQR, PUS, TSR and TUQ are straight lines. It is
given that PRS TRQ, PQ = 2RS and QR = 4 cm. Find RT.
27. In the figure, AEC and BED are straight lines. It is

given that ABC DCB. Find
(a) BDC,
(b) DBC,
(c) DCB.
11.5
11
Consolidation Exercise 11B
Level 1
In each of the following, the two given triangles are congruent. State the reasons for the congruence.
[Nos. 16]
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Determine whether each of the following pairs of triangles must be congruent. If yes, give reasons.
[Nos. 712]
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.6
11.
12.
In each of the following figures, determine which two triangles must be congruent and give reasons.
[Nos. 1318]
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
11.7
18.
Level 2
In each of the following figures, write down a pair of congruent triangles and give reasons.
[Nos. 1924]
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25. Refer to the figure.

(a) Write down a pair of congruent triangles and give reasons.
(b) Find q.
26. In the figure, QRTU is a straight line.

(a) Is it true that PQU RTS? Give reasons.
(b) If QR = TU, find the length of QR.
11.8
27. In the figure, ABC, AFD, EFB and EDC are straight lines.
CBF = CDF = 90 and CB = CD.
(a) Is it true that ACD ECB? Give reasons.
(b) Are the lengths of AB and DE the same? Explain your answer.
28. In the figure, AEDC is a straight line. BED = BDE,

AE = CD and BE = BD.
(a) Is it true that ADB CEB? Give reasons.
(b) Are the sizes of ABE and CBD the same? Explain your
answer.
29. In the figure, QR = 5 cm and Q = 76. If we want to construct a

unique triangle QRS, state an additional information that we need.
30. In the figure, XY = 3 cm and YZ = 4 cm. If we want to construct a

unique triangle XYZ, state an additional information that we need.
11.9
11
Consolidation Exercise 11C
Level 1
1. Determine whether each pair of figures below are similar by observation only.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
2. Find out all pairs of similar figures in the following by observation only.
3. In the figure, PQR ~ ZYX.

(a) Name all the corresponding angles of the two similar
triangles.
(b) Name all the corresponding sides of the two similar triangles.
4. Name a pair of similar triangles in each of the following figures.

(a)
(b)
11.10
Find the unknowns in each of the following pairs of similar triangles. [Nos. 512]
5. ABC ~ LMN
6. DEF ~ RPQ
7. FGH ~ TUS
8. LMN ~ ZYX
9. BAC ~ PRQ
10. JKL ~ TSR
11. EFD ~ XYZ
12. ABC ~ TSU
Level 2
13. In the figure, PQR ~ ZYX. Find r and z.
11.11
14. In the figure, PQR ~ SRP. Find p and x.
15. It is given that PQR ~ LMN. P = 80 and N = 40.

(a) Find R.
(b) Find L.
(c) Find M.
16. It is given that ABC ~ PRQ. B = 65, BA = 16 cm, BC = 12 cm and RP = 10 cm.

(a) Find R.
(b) Find RQ.
17. It is given that DFE ~ YZX. X = 35, Z = 100, XZ = 24 cm and 4YZ = 3DF.
(a) Find F.
(b) Find D.
(c) Find EF.
18. In the figure, ABC and AED are straight lines. If

ABE ~ ACD, find k.
19. In the figure, PQS and PRT are straight lines. It is given that
PQR ~ PST, QR = 5 and ST = 15. Is it true that RT = 2PR?
Explain your answer.
20. In the figure, NOPQ and OSR are straight lines. It is

given that MNO, SPO and RQO are three
similar triangles. Find the lengths of NO and SR.
11.12
11
Consolidation Exercise 11D
Level 1
In each of the following, the two given triangles are similar. State the reasons for the similarity.
[Nos. 14]
1.
2.
3.
4.
Determine whether each of the following pairs of triangles must be similar. If yes, give reasons.
[Nos. 510]
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.13
11.14
In each of the following figures, determine which two triangles must be similar and give reasons.
[Nos. 1113]
11.
12.
13.
14. Refer to the figure.

(a) Name a pair of similar triangles and give
reasons.
(b) Find x.
Level 2
In each of the following figures, write down a pair of similar triangles and give reasons.
[Nos. 1518]
15.
16.
11.15
17.
18.
19. In the figure, DHF is a straight line.

(a) Write down a pair of similar triangles and give reasons.
(b) Is HG perpendicular to FG? Explain your answer.
20. In the figure, ABC and AED are straight lines.

(a) Write down a pair of similar triangles and give reasons.
(b) Find BE.
21. In the figure, PSR is a straight line.

(a) Are PQS and PRQ similar? If yes, give reasons.
(b) Express SQR in terms of a and b.
22. The figure shows a flagpole EB and a lamppost DC.

It is given that ABC and AED are straight lines.
(a) Are ABE and ACD similar? If yes, give
reasons.
(b) Find the height of the lamppost.
11.16
11
Consolidation Exercise 11 (Multiple-choice questions)
questions)
4. It is given that ABC ~ RQP. AB = 10,
1. In the figure, ABC EFD. Which of
the following must be true?
PQ = 20 and 5AC = 2RP. Which of the

following must be true?
A.
B.
C.
D.
A. a = b, p = q, x = 28
B. a = b, p = q, x = 52
C. a = p, b = q, x = 28
D. a = p, b = q, x = 52
BC = 8, QR = 4
BC = 8, QR = 25
BC = 50, QR = 4
BC = 50, QR = 25
5. In the figure, BPC is a straight line.
2. In the figure, PQR STR. Which of

the following may not be true?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Q = T
TRS = 90
PR = SR
QR = ST
3. In the figure, ABC ~ XZY. Find AB
Which of the following must be true?

I. ABC ~ PAC
II. ABC ~ PBA
III. PAC ~ PBA
A. I only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only

D. I, II and III
6. In the figure, AEB, BFD and CFE are

straight lines. AD = BE and CE = BD.
and YZ.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Which of the following must be true?

I. ABD BCE
II. ABD ~ FBE
III. ADB ~ FBC
AB = 12 cm, YZ = 20 cm
AB = 12 cm, YZ = 30 cm
AB = 27 cm, YZ = 20 cm
AB = 27 cm, YZ = 30 cm
A. I only
B. I and II only
11.17
C. II only
D. I, II and III
Answers
Consolidation Exercise 11A
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
(a) yes
(b) yes
(c) no
(d) yes
A and C, B and E
(a) (i) translation
(ii) yes
(b) (i) rotation
(ii) yes
(c) (i) reduction
(ii) no
(d) (i) reflection
(ii) yes
(e) (i) enlargement
(ii) no
A and D, B and E, C and F
JK and XY, KL and YZ, JL and XZ
PQR XYZ
ABC VUT
ABC MNL
DEF RQP
q = 68, r = 60
x = 8, y = 4
n = 4, y = 5, z = 47
b = 5, d = 39, e = 35
k = 9, t = 4
p = 58, r = 20
ABC CDA
KLN MLN
p = 47, x = 10.2, y = 9
a = 76, c = 9, e = 43
4 cm
(a) 7 cm
(b) 10 cm (c) 4 cm
(a) 65
(b) 55
(c) 60
(a) 6 cm
(b) 12 cm
(c) 90
(d) 30
(a) 45
(b) yes
12 cm
(a) 39
(b) 25
(c) 116
Consolidation Exercise 11B

1.
4.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
RHS
2. SSS
3.
ASA
5. SAS
6.
yes, ABC EDF (SAS)
yes, LMN QRP (ASA)
yes, STU XZY (SSS)
no
yes, DEF TUS (AAS)
no
ABC IGH (SSS)
IJK NML (SAS)
TUV XZY (AAS)
ABC YZX (RHS)
AAS
SAS
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
FGH MLK (ASA)

DEF SUT (ASA)
PQR PSR (AAS)
KLN MNL (ASA)
RSV UST (SAS)
ABC CDA (SSS)
PQS RSQ (RHS)
EFH GFH (SAS)
(a) PRS RPQ (SAS)
(b) 89
(a) yes, AAS
(b) 2 cm
(a) yes, ASA
(b) yes
(a) yes, SAS
(b) yes
length of QS (or size of R)
length of XZ (or size of Y)
Consolidation Exercise 11C

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
(a) yes
(b) no
(c) no
(d) yes
A and E, B and D, C and F
(a) P and Z, Q and Y, R and X
(b) PQ and ZY, QR and YX, RP and XZ
(a) ABC ~ FED
(b) PQR ~ UST (or PQR ~ SUT)
x = 50, y = 70
p = 6, r = 9
h = 48, t = 90
m = 8, z = 7
b = 16, q = 30
r = 60, t = 30, x = 5
x = 15, y = 4
h = 19, k = 1
r = 45, z = 40
p = 4, x = 25
(a) 40
(b) 80
(c) 60
(a) 65
(b) 7.5 cm
(a) 100
(b) 45
(c) 32 cm
9.8
yes
NO = 12, SR = 10
Consolidation Exercise 11D

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
11.18
3 sides proportional
AAA
ratio of 2 sides, inc.
AAA
yes, ABC ~ DFE (ratio of 2 sides, inc. )
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
no
no
yes, UVW ~ XZY (3 sides proportional)
yes, ABC ~ QRP (ratio of 2 sides, inc. )
yes, DEF ~ SUT (AAA)
PQR ~ YXZ (AAA)
DEF ~ IHG (3 sides proportional)
JKL ~ QRP (ratio of 2 sides, inc. )
(a) DEF ~ TUS (AAA)
(b) 3
ABC ~ DCA (3 sides proportional)
PQR ~ TSR (AAA)
ABE ~ CBD (3 sides proportional)
PRT ~ QRS (ratio of 2 sides, inc. )
(a) DEF ~ FGH (3 sides proportional)
(b) yes
(a) ABE ~ ACD (AAA)
(b) 6 cm
(a) yes, ratio of 2 sides, inc.
(b) SQR = 180 a 2b
(a) yes, AAA
(b) 6 m
Consolidation Exercise 11
(Multiple-choice questions)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
C
D
C
B
D
D
11.19

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New Century Mathematics (2nd Edition) 1B