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How to do first-order transient problems
Here is a step by step procedure on how to approach first-order transient problems that have
one switching event (like all the problems on hw4). First-order means that there is only one inductor OR
one capacitor in the circuit. The procedure can be broken up into two parts. The first part applies to the
circuit before the switching event (t<0) and the second part applies to the circuit after the switching
event (120). lf you're dealing with an inductor, follow the "1" steps. lf you're dealing wiitr a capacitor,
follow the "C" steps.
Part 1
3.
find the current flowing through the short circuit using node/mesh analysis,
can't
You can define the inductor current or capacitor voltage to be any direction/polarity you want. Just
make sure you're consistent with your choice when you get to step 5.
Part 2
4.
5.
R"o
r = L/R"o
C:
r:
RuqC
denotes the equivalent resistance as seen by the inductor or capacitor. To find it, replace the
inductor or capacitor with an open circuit and calculate the equivalent resistance seen by this open
Rrhevenin
sourceswithshortcircuitsandcurrentsourceswithopencircuits).
6.
.t,a , r ,"
C: replace the capacitor with a voltage source equal to v.(t=O) and find x(t=0)
As I said earlier, make sure you're consistent with how you defined
7.
i1
a current/voltage source.
Find the final condition of any other desired voltages/currents by looking at the circuit in steady
state. You're doing the same thing you did in step 2, but this time you're looking at the circuit
(120):
Note that if there are no independent sources present in the circuit for 120, the inductor or capacitor will
release all of its energy and all final conditions will be 0.
8.
Use the following equation to express your desired voltage/current as a function of time for t20:
flowing through it. So, say you have an inductor that is drawn vertically in a circuit and you define the
inductor current, ip to be pointing down. The (+) terminal of vl will be on top and the (-) terminal on
bottom.
The voltage across an inductor is vr(t) = L+dil(t)/dt and the current through a capacitor is i.(t) =
C*dv.(t)/dt. These equations are helpful if, for example, you have i(t) and want to find v(t) without
calculating v,.(t=O) and v(t=m). Simply differentiate is(t) with respect to time and multiply it by the
inductance.
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