I. I NTRODUCTION
Manuscript received June 30, 2015; revised August 19, 2015; accepted
August 26, 2015. Date of publication September 4, 2015; date of current
version December 10, 2015. The associate editor coordinating the review of
this paper and approving it for publication was Dr. Chang-Soo Kim.
W. D. Leon-Salas is with the School of Engineering Technology, Purdue
University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA (e-mail: wleonsal@purdue.edu).
C. Halmen is with the Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering,
University of MissouriKansas City, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA (e-mail:
halmenc@umkc.edu).
Color versions of one or more of the figures in this paper are available
online at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/JSEN.2015.2476997
1530-437X 2015 IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission.
See http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/index.html for more information.
33
electrons, which flow into the steel and iron ions that go into
solution. This anodic reaction is expressed as follows:
Fe Fe+2 + 2e
(1)
(2)
(3)
34
(4)
Icathodic
Fig. 3.
35
36
VO A2 Vre f
Rfb
TABLE I
M EASURED P ERCENTAGE C URRENT C ONSUMPTION OF THE
D IFFERENT C OMPONENTS OF THE C ORROSION S ENSOR
(9)
Listing 1.
37
inductors L 1 (1 k 2 ) and L 2 (1 k) and with two voltagedependent voltage sources as shown in Figure 5(c).
From the equivalent circuit in Figure 5(c) the following
expressions for v 1 and v 2 can be written:
v p (k/n)v 2
k
(13)
v 1 = v 2 + j L 1 (1 k 2 )
n
Rs1 + j L 1 (1 k 2 )
Z2
v 2 = knv 1
(14)
Z 2 + Rs2 + j L 2 (1 k)
Fig. 5.
Equivalent circuits: (a) circuit modeling the inductive coupling
between the corrosion sensor and the RFID reader; (b) circuit showing the
equivalent AC load produced by the combination of the full-wave rectifier
and the DC load Rdc ; and (c) equivalent circuit with non-coupled inductors.
M
L1 L2
(15)
and
n=
L2
L1
(16)
38
Fig. 6. Measured and modeled values of Vdc as the readers output voltage v p
is varied.
Fig. 7.
39
Fig. 10. Linear polarization curve obtained using developed corrosion sensor
and a wet electrochemical corrosion cell.
1
1 2 C probe L 2
(18)
40
TABLE II
AVERAGE AND S TANDARD U NCERTAINTY OF OCP M EASUREMENTS
Fig. 12. Measured OCP with a benchtop potentiostat and the developed
RFID sensor.
(19)
where, G and To f f are the gain and the offset of the sensor.
To calibrate the temperature sensor and find the values of
G and To f f , temperature was measured at three different
temperature points using the RFID sensor and the HH804U
TABLE III
AVERAGE AND S TANDARD U NCERTAINTY OF
T EMPERATURE M EASUREMENTS
O A2 Vre f
V
=
Rfb
(20)
41
42
Ceki Halmen received the B.S. degree in civil engineering from Bogazici
University, Istanbul, Turkey, and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Texas A&M
University, College Station, TX. He is currently an Associate Professor with
the University of MissouriKansas City. He is a member of the American
Concrete Institute. He is also a member of the ACI 222 Corrosion and
201 Durability Committees.