How to Make

Pyro Electric
Fire Alarm?
A quick ready to make tutorial on making of pyro electric fire alarm with checked
OK circuit

By Shahzad Saeed
[Type text]

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Introduction

In simple words a fire alarm is used to detect the presence of fire. An automatic fire alarm is
used to detect the unwanted presence of fire by monitoring environmental changes associated with
combustion. Usually it is used to notify people to evacuate, to take necessary action in the event of a
fire. The circuit described here is very sensitive. It gives a warning alarm if the room temperature
increases more than 10C. The entire circuit has two sectionsthe sensor and the power supply section.
Wall or floor mounted solenoids or electromagnets controlled by a fire alarm system or detection
component that magnetically secures spring-loaded self-closing smoke tight doors in the open position.
Designed to de-magnetize to allow automatic closure of the door on command from the fire control or
upon failure of the power source, interconnection or controlling element. Stored energy in the form of a
spring or gravity can then close the door to restrict the passage of smoke from one space to another in
an effort to maintain a tenable atmosphere on either side of the door during evacuation and firefighting
efforts.

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Apparatus Required
* IC CD4060
* SCR/transistor
* diode
* Relays
* piezo element

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* piezo buzzer

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* Solenoid pump
* Led

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* Resistor and capacitor

Circuit Diagram

Figure 1: The sensor circuit

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Figure 2: Power supply

Circuit Description
When temperature near the piezo element increases, sensitive amplifier around the IC1
provides high output. IC CA3130 performs in high speed. There are two inputsthe non-inverting input
(pin 3) connected to the piezo element through diode D7 (OA71) that carries the voltage signal from the
piezo element and the inverting input (pin 2) that gets a preset voltage through VR1. Voltage level at pin
2 is set by adjusting VR1.
The first IC provides low output so that the circuit is kept in standby state. Minor change in the
input voltage can alter the output to higher level with the use of capacitor C2. Resetting pin 12 of IC
CD4060 gets a high voltage through R5 and it remains disabled. At the time when the piezo element gets
heated, capacitor C2 is discharged. The transistor T1 brings the reset pin 12 to ground. Thus 2nd IC is
enabled and it starts to oscillate. Continuation of heat near the piezo makes the output of IC2 higher
about one minute, and hence the alarm will start beeping. If heat persists, Q9 become high within
minutes and ON the relay driver transistor T2. Instantaneously diode D8 starts to conducts and IC2
discontinues oscillating and it toggles. The solenoid pump of the relay will start to spray the fire-ceasing
foam or water to the possible sites of fire.
If the mains supply is cut-off a battery backup is provided due to short-circuit and fire. For
backup, 12V, 4.5Ah rechargeable battery is used to give sufficient current to the solenoid pump. D5
offers the circuit needed power and charges the battery and it limits the charging current to 120 mA.
Diode D5 and D6 gives instant backup to the circuit if power failed. Availability of mains power is
indicated by LED1. On a PCB circuit should assemble. The piezo element should connected to the circuit
using a thin insulated wire. To increase its sensitivity, attach the flat side of the piezo on a 3030cm
aluminum sheet. The circuit should be fixed at a suitable place.

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Features

Safety lights to provide illumination during an alarm.

Silence buttons that will quiet the alarm for a few minutes at a time. Detectors with this
feature are commonly placed in kitchens.
Intercommunication of hardwired smoke detectors that guarantees if one alarm in the house
goes off, they all go off. Even if the fire is detected in the basement, people upstairs will hear an
alarm.

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Behind This Book

The book now youve read is the part of the series low cost mini project edition of
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Doing mini-projects and making simple electronic circuits are now much easier. Read my article on How
to make low cost electronic circuit/mini-project.
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