CONTENTS

February 2016 Volume 95 Number 2

FEATURES
32

aluminum foil and high electrical current to

launch one piece of metal toward a stationary
sheet A. Vivek et al.

LowEnergy Impact Spot Welding of HighStrength

Aluminum Alloys
A novel impact welding process utilizes a thin

BRAZING & SOLDERING TODAY

36

Understanding the RunOut Behavior of a AgCuZr

Braze Alloy
Modifying filler metal composition or using a
barrier coating on Kovar show promise in
mitigating run-out P. T. Vianco et al.

44

*44 Techniques for Successful Aluminum VacuumBrazed

Assemblies
No need for flux, high joint strength, lack of salt
contamination, and capability for joining large
surfaces and complex geometries are some of the
advantages vacuum brazing has to offer
R. Caracciolo et al.

THE AMERICAN WELDER

88

Fabricating without Fear

Daredevil depends on his own welding skill to
support his tightrope suspended high in the air
V. Hilton

92

Dos and Donts of Welding Information

Management Systems
Electronic gathering of welding data in a
systematic way can help ensure the correct
parameters are being used and production is
performed in the most efficient manner
R. Lindeman

88

92

WELDING RESEARCH SUPPLEMENT

47s Effect of Torch Height on Arc Stability in
DividedArc Processes
An experimental study was conducted to determine
the effect of torch height on the operation of the
divided-arc welding process S. J. Chen et al.

57s Liquation and Liquation Cracking in Partially

Melted Zones of Magnesium Welds
A variety of magnesium alloys was investigated to help

understand and predict liquation cracking susceptibility

X. Chai et al.

68s TLP Bonding of Dissimilar FSX414/IN738 System

with MBF80 Interlayer: Optimization of the
Bonding Time and Temperature
The effect of different temperatures on transient
liquid phase bonding was researched
B. AbbasiKhazaei et al.
FEBRUARY 2016 / WELDING JOURNAL 3

January 2016 Volume 95 Number 1

CONTENTS

FEATURES
34

44

34

FABTECH Sets Records in Chicago

Take a look at the many happenings at
FABTECH 2015 A. Cullison et al.
Summary of Changes in D1.1:2015, Structural
Welding Code Steel
Revisions to the recently published Structural

Welding Code Steel are detailed

T. J. Schlafly and D. K. Miller

50

A Guide to Reducing Welding Fumes

Ways to reduce potentially harmful fumes
found in the workplace are suggested

34

34

WELDING RESEARCH SUPPLEMENT

1s

2015 Adams Lecture Engineering

Approximations in Welding: Bridging the Gap
between Speculation and Simulation
While on the surface some typical questions asked of
welding engineers and metallurgists may seem simple,
in reality they are quite complex
C. V. Robino

17s Porosity in Thick Section Alloy 690 Welds

Experiments, Modeling, Mechanism, and Remedy
A combined modeling and experimental analysis was
conducted to identify methods for eliminating porosity
J. J. Blecher et al.

27s Microstructure Evolution of FineGrained

HeatAffected Zone in Type IV Failure of P91 Welds
The microstructure evolution of a set of welds is
tracked through three stages of thermomechanical
history Y. Wang and L. Li

37s Identification of Welding Parameters for Quality

Welds in GMAW
The proposed mathematical models allow
calculation of weld sizes with acceptable accuracy
A. S. Babkin and E. A. Gladkov

JANUARY 2016 / WELDING JOURNAL 3

October 2015 Volume 94 Number 10

CONTENTS

FEATURES
44

Avoiding HydrogenAssisted Cracking in Welds

Know the factors that contribute to hydrogen
cracking and how they can be controlled
K. A. Lyttle

48

Can Shunting Be Avoided?

It is important to understand shunting in
resistance welding and how to address it
H. Zhang

54

Students and Educators Benefit from Online Training

A whole library of online courses is a valuable
resource for training the future generation of
welders K. Pacheco

56

56

Exploring the Need to Include Cast Carbon Steels in

Welding Procedure Specifications
A case is made to include cast carbon steel grade
specifications in AWS D1.1 D. David et al.

*60 Applying Laser Welding to Automobile Airbag

Generators
Laser welding was investigated for fabricating the
shell of an airbag generator H.Zhang et al.

64

DoubleElectrode Process Speeds GTAW

Experiments were conducted with a gas tungsten
arc welding variation that uses two electrodes to
improve welding speed M. B. Schwedersky et al.

60

64

WELDING RESEARCH SUPPLEMENT

313s The Effect of Ar and N2 Shielding Gas on Laser
Weld Porosity in Steel, Stainless Steels, and Nickel
Experiments were performed to evaluate the influence
of nitrogen in the shielding gas for eliminating porosity
J. W. Elmer et al.

326s HighSpeed Video of Metal Transfer in Submerged

Arc Welding
A unique method of capturing images of metal transfer

in submerged arc welding was devised to better

understand the process P. F. Mendez et al.

334s Effect of Filler Metal on Mechanical Properties of

HSLA Welds
Filler metal composition played a significant role in
the successful submerged arc welding of highstrength pipe B. Beidokhti and R. Pouriamanesh

OCTOBER 2015 / WELDING JOURNAL 3

December 2015 Volume 94 Number 12

CONTENTS

FEATURES
32

Power Industry Invests in Updated Welding

Technologies
See how investing in new welding technology
helped one contractor achieve quality welds and
meet on-time deadlines J. Robedeaux

36

Tips for Small Businesses

Small companies reveal their keys to success
A. Babinski

40

A Review of Nondestructive Examination Technologies

for the Power Industry
Advances in NDE technology over the years have
led to improved welding techniques and processes
C. Hellier

32

40

74

80

THE AMERICAN WELDER

74

The Ultimate Skills Challenge Pipe vs. Plate Welder

Find out what contributes to a welders skill and
whether plate or pipe demands the most
R. O. Christensen

80

Workplace Safety Starts from the Ground Up

Choosing the right footwear for the job is a
sometimes overlooked safety factor M. Reilly

WELDING RESEARCH SUPPLEMENT

367s LaserAssisted GMAW Hardfacing
The influence of a laser preheated wire on deposition
characteristics was investigated Y. Ali et al.

374s A Simple Index for Predicting the Susceptibility to

Solidification Cracking
A method for predicting solidification cracking in
Al-Mg alloys is proposed S. Kou

389s The Use of Virtual Welding Simulators to Evaluate

whether it is an effective tool to determine the

skill level of an experienced welder
A. P. Byrd et al.

396s Analysis of the Flux Consumption and Metal

Transfer for Tandem Submerged Arc Welding
Process under IsoHeat Input Conditions
The relationship of flux consumption, transfer
mode, and weld bead shape was analyzed
D.W. Cho et al.

Experienced Welders
A virtual reality simulator was assessed as to

DECEMBER 2015 / WELDING JOURNAL 3

October 2015 Volume 94 Number 10

CONTENTS

FEATURES
44

Avoiding HydrogenAssisted Cracking in Welds

Know the factors that contribute to hydrogen
cracking and how they can be controlled
K. A. Lyttle

48

Can Shunting Be Avoided?

It is important to understand shunting in
resistance welding and how to address it
H. Zhang

54

Students and Educators Benefit from Online Training

A whole library of online courses is a valuable
resource for training the future generation of
welders K. Pacheco

56

56

Exploring the Need to Include Cast Carbon Steels in

Welding Procedure Specifications
A case is made to include cast carbon steel grade
specifications in AWS D1.1 D. David et al.

*60 Applying Laser Welding to Automobile Airbag

Generators
Laser welding was investigated for fabricating the
shell of an airbag generator H.Zhang et al.

64

DoubleElectrode Process Speeds GTAW

Experiments were conducted with a gas tungsten
arc welding variation that uses two electrodes to
improve welding speed M. B. Schwedersky et al.

60

64

WELDING RESEARCH SUPPLEMENT

313s The Effect of Ar and N2 Shielding Gas on Laser
Weld Porosity in Steel, Stainless Steels, and Nickel
Experiments were performed to evaluate the influence
of nitrogen in the shielding gas for eliminating porosity
J. W. Elmer et al.

326s HighSpeed Video of Metal Transfer in Submerged

Arc Welding
A unique method of capturing images of metal transfer

in submerged arc welding was devised to better

understand the process P. F. Mendez et al.

334s Effect of Filler Metal on Mechanical Properties of

HSLA Welds
Filler metal composition played a significant role in
the successful submerged arc welding of highstrength pipe B. Beidokhti and R. Pouriamanesh

OCTOBER 2015 / WELDING JOURNAL 3

September 2015 Volume 94 Number 9

CONTENTS

FEATURES
34

Educated Welders: The Real Employment Issue

As the employment landscape changes so should
the approach to training welders J. Scales

40

Improved Metalforming, Bending, and Welding Aid in

Recovering OffRoad Vehicles
A sturdy, well-designed tow hook involves all
aspects of metal fabricating C. Ishino

44

Fabricator Takes on the Welder Shortage

Fluor Corp. meets the workforce shortage
head on with its in-house program M. Gomez

48

A StepbyStep Guide to Traceability in Automated

Cutting
Follow these steps to set up a system that traces
parts from the first to the finished cut H. Hahn

52

How IndustryEducation Collaboration Can Address

the Welding Skills Gap
Career and technical education has to teach not
only job-related skills, but also communication,
teamwork, and life skills T. Boettcher

56

Tips for Achieving Automated Brush Deburring

Automated deburring can reduce labor costs,
improve process efficiency, and address safety and
health issues J. Sockman

34

40

44

48

56

52

WELDING RESEARCH SUPPLEMENT

281s Keyhole Behaviors Influence Weld Defects in
Plasma Arc Welding Process
An image capture system was used to observe the
front and backside of keyhole behavior to better
evaluate its influence on weld quality Z. M. Liu
et al.

301s Predicting Weld Bead Geometry in the Novel

CWGMAW Process
An analysis of a novel gas metal arc process that
introduces a cold wire into the weld pool demonstrated
bead geometry could be predicted with good accuracy
R. A. Ribeiro et al.

291s Friction Stir Welding of Aluminum Alloy AA5052

and HSLA Steel
This investigation of friction stir welding shows it to be
a potential candidate for successfully joining aluminum
and high-strength steel K. K. Ramachandran et al.

SEPTEMBER 2015 / WELDING JOURNAL 3

November 2015 Volume 94 Number 11

CONTENTS

FEATURES
*46 Six Things to Consider before Purchasing Ambient
Fume Collection Equipment
Take a look at some common misconceptions
before making your buying decision K. Wear

48

52

Keeping Inspection Technology in Pace with

WeldIndustry Advancements
The evolution of inspection technology must keep
in line with advances in welding technology
W. Habermann

46

48

52

Safety Tips for Weld Prep in Pipe Fabrication

Proper surface preparation is critical in pipeline
welding, but so are the safety factors in obtaining
that proper surface D. Jescovitch

BRAZING & SOLDERING TODAY

56

Reliability Analysis of PininHole Solder Joints

Through-hole solder joints on a printed wiring
assembly were evaluated for reliability
P. T. Vianco and M. K. Neilsen

62

SilverFree Filler Metals Meet Strength Requirements

in Brazed Joints
Silver-free filler metals were analyzed on spreading
area, joint strength, and microstructure
J. T. Marchal et al.

68

Aim for Small, Concave Braze Fillets

This discussion explains what a braze fillet should
look like and what to look for in inspecting it
D. Kay

62

68

WELDING RESEARCH SUPPLEMENT

343s Disaggregated Metal and Carbide Catchment
Efficiencies in Laser Cladding of NickelTungsten
Carbide
Cladding with a CO2 laser system was tested for the
effects of power, powder feed rate, and travel speed
G. Wood and P. F. Mendez

358s Effect of FCAW Current on the Hardfacing Layer

Microstructure and Wear Resistance
Different welding currents were used to deposit
hardfacing layers to determine which gave the
optimum increase in hardness and wear resistance
J. Yang et al.

351s Properties of SiliconAdded, IronBased, SlagFree,

SelfShielded FluxCored Wire
Silicon addition to the composition proved beneficial in
improving wear resistance D. S. Liu and P. Wei
NOVEMBER 2015 / WELDING JOURNAL 3