University of Southeastern Philippines

Bo. Obrero, Davao City

In Partial Fulfillment of the Assignment for

Machine design 1

Machine Foundation

Submitted By:
Manzano, Ranel C.

Submitted To:
Dr. Lyndon Roble

Sept. 10, 2015

1. INTRODUCTION
A generator is a device used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. The
generator is based on the principle of "electromagnetic induction" discovered in 1831 by Michael
Faraday, a British scientist. Faraday discovered that if an electric conductor, like a copper wire, is
moved through a magnetic field, electric current will flow (be induced) in the conductor. So the
mechanical energy of the moving wire is converted into the electric energy of the current that
flows in the wire.
1.1 Types of generators:
Portable RV/Recreational Generators: The inverter technology makes them super quiet
for recreational use and also provides the cleanest power for sensitive electronics like
computers. These generators run on gasoline.
Portable Residential Generators: A good choice to power essential items in your home
when the power goes out (refrigerators, freezers, pumps, sump pumps, furnaces, lights,
etc.) and for use around your yard (electrical tools, etc.). Most residential portable
generators run on gasoline, but some models run on L.P., Natural Gas, or all three.
Portable Construction and Industrial Generators: These generators are the perfect
choice for the job site and various industrial applications. Single phase gasoline or diesel
models and three phase diesel models are available. High cycle generators offer 60 Hz
power for standard tools and 180Hz power for high-cycle vibrators.
Mobile Towable Generators: These diesel generators provide a lot of transportable
power for many industrial and construction applications. Switchable voltage models
allow use with several different voltage applications. Single voltage models are for more
defined single voltage applications.
Standby Generators: These stationary generators are designed to run most or all of your
home or business when the power goes out. These generators are often used with an
automatic transfer switch and starting system. Standby generators are also used for
industrial and agricultural applications.
PTO Generators: Pair these generators with your tractor for portable power around your
yard or farm.
Two Bearing Generators: These generators are powered by a variety of independent
power sources using a pulley system often used on service trucks.
Vehicle Mounted Generators: These generators are mounted on vehicles for emergency,
spray foam, construction, oil field, and mining applications.

Welder Generators: Combines a generator with welding capabilities in one unit.

Available in portable gasoline models and mobile diesel units.
The typical diesel generator is run at 1800RPM and is water cooled. This makes them
great work horses as they are able to run for longer periods of time when compared to the
gasoline generator and without much maintenance work required. They are also cheaper to
operate due to the low fuels costs as compared to the other types of fuels such as gasoline and
propane as well as the lowered maintenance costs due to there being no spark plugs and
carburetors.
The diesel generator operation is similar to that of the diesel engine. There are two types
of diesel engines. The 2-stroke and the 4-stroke operation are the two types. The 4-stroke
operation is the one that is typically used in diesel generators. This process as the name implies
uses four strokes.
Although the diesel generator is by far the cheaper generator overall it can cost a lot more
to set up initially and this can be a deterrent to many generator users. The generators are also not
as clean burning as the other fuel generators although this has improved much in recent times.
The diesel generators may also require a larger store of fuel but this is much safer to store than
gasoline. Another disadvantage of the diesel generator is that it can be a lot more noisy compared
to their counterparts.
Many persons however believe that the savings that can be derived from an investment in
the diesel generator are indeed well worth the disadvantages. The savings in fuel and
maintenance are immense and the hassle free maintenance is a great plus. This is the reason
many commercial generator users opt for the diesel generator. Diesel generators are available in
mainly larger designs but can also be found on occasion in smaller units.
Not also in focusing on diesel generators, it also include the machine foundation where
the generator will be put. For the purpose of stability and resistance to impact loads, shaking and
noise.
Machine foundation is the foundation that is provided beneath the super structure of
vibrating and rotating machine.
Machine foundations are subjected to the dynamic forces caused by the machine. These
dynamic forces are then transferred to the foundation supporting the machine. Though the
moving parts of the machine are generally balanced, there is always some unbalance in practical
field which causes an eccentricity of rotating parts. This produces an oscillating force. The
machine foundation must satisfy the criteria for dynamic loading in addition to that for static
loading.

1.2 Types of machine foundation

Considering their structural form, machine foundations are generally classified as follows:
Block type foundation - Consist of a pedestal of concrete on which the machine rests. A
block foundation has a large mass and, therefore, a smaller natural frequency. b.
Box or caisson type foundation - Consist of hollow concrete block supporting the
machinery on its top. The mass of foundation is reduced but the natural frequency is
increased.
Wall type foundation - Consist of a pair of walls which support the machinery on their
top.
Framed type foundation - Consist of vertical columns, beam and slab arrangement,
machines are supported on the top of the slab.
A. Objectives
This assignment aims as follows:

To understand about the analysis of machine foundation for diesel generators

To design a machine foundation of a specific diesel generator.
To know how much budget for the machine foundation including the diesel generator.

B. Conceptual framework

Machine foundation analysis

Machine foundation design application
Machine foundation cost and budgeting

Machine foundation recommendation

Machine foundation computation
Machine foundation process
Raw materials to be use

C. Definition of terms
Generator is a device used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.
Mechanical energy is the sum of potential energy and kinetic energy. It is the energy
associated with the motion and position of an object.
Electrical energy is an energy made available by the flow of electric charge through a
conductor.
Conductor is an object or type of material that allows the flow of electrical current in
one or more directions.
Current is a flow of electric charge. In electric circuits this charge is often carried by
moving electrons in a wire.
Diesel is a heavy petroleum fraction used as fuel in diesel engines.
Gasoline is a refined petroleum used as fuel for internal combustion engines.
Machine foundation is the foundation that is provided beneath the super structure of
vibrating and rotating machine.
Machine is an apparatus using or applying mechanical power and having several parts,
each with a definite function and together performing a particular task.

2. COMPUTATION/ ILLUSTRATION
2.1 Diesel Generator Parameters

Diesel generator set

QSL9 series engine
225 kW - 300 kW 60 Hz

Standby Rating

Prime Rating

Model

60 Hz
kW (kVA)

60 Hz kW
kW (kVA)

C300 D5

300 (375)

275 (344)

Emissions
compliance
60 Hz
TA luft EU
stage
-

Data sheets
60 Hz
DS71-CPGK

2.2 Generator dimensions

Open narrow skid

Model

Dim A mm

Dim B mm

Dim C mm

C300 D5

3135

1100

1928

Set Weight*
dry kg
2342

Set Weight*
wet kg
2394

Set Weight*
dry kg
4095

Set Weight*
wet kg
4147

Enclosed wide skid

Model

Dim A mm

Dim B mm

Dim C mm

C300 D5

4253

1424

2224

2.3 Computation/ Solution

Formula for machine foundation:

S b W m+ W f
=
2
bL
Where:
Sb

= Soil bearing capacity, tons/sqm

Wm

= Machine weight, tons

Wf

= Foundation weight, tons (2x

b = base of foundation
L = Length of foundation, m
Solving for b,
2
Assume, Sb = 9.5 tons/ m clay, soft

L = 4.253 m
Wm

= 4.417 tons

Wf

= 12.441 tons

9.5 4.417+12.441
=
2
4.253 b
b = 0.83 m
Since, b < w
We let, b = w

Wm

Solving for height (h)

W

h = D xl x w
Where:
h = height
3
D = density of concrete, 2.3 ton/ m

l = length of foundation
w = width of foundation

12.441

h = 2.3 x 5 x 2
h = 0.54 or 0.6 m
Therefore, the dimension will be, 5 m x 2 m x 0.6 m

2.4 Illustration

3. BUDGET REQUIREMENTS

MATERIAL

QUANTITIY

PRICE

VALUE

REBAR

10 LENGTHS

210

2,100

CEMENT

8 SACKS

250

2,000

300

600

SAND AND
GRAVEL

2 m

COPPER WIRE

1 ROLL

250

250

CUTTING DISC

5 DISCS

350

350

LABOR

10,000

OTHERS

1,000
TOTAL = 16,300

BUDGET = 20,000 Php

4. CONCLUSIONS / RECOMMENDATIONS
Base on data and information, I conclude that there so many factors in making
foundation, not only in generator foundation. The design of the foundation must be appropriate
to the required weight of the generator to achieve the desired design. Budget requirements must
strictly monitor so that the cost must be exact.
My recommendation about the design is make another foundation that can withstand the
generator with minimum requirements at safe condition, with lower costs and materials to be
used.

5. REFERENCES

http://civilengineersforum.com/machine-foundations/
https://www.steadypower.com/pages.php?pageid=55
https://www.google.com.ph/?
gfe_rd=cr&ei=0ZDvVZLAI4rD8AfB6JvwAg&gws_rd=ssl#q=electric+generator+de
finition
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_generator
http://electrical-science.blogspot.com/2010/08/types-of-generators.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine-generator
http://www.dieselserviceandsupply.com/industrial_industry_usage.aspx
https://www.google.com.ph/?gfe_rd=cr&ei=FZjvVaacDrC8Af7242IDA&gws_rd=ssl#q=machine+foundation+definition
https://www.google.com.ph/?gfe_rd=cr&ei=FZjvVaacDrC8Af7242IDA&gws_rd=ssl#q=foundation+definition
http://www.academia.edu/4271595/Literature_Review
http://www.streetdirectory.com/travel_guide/55809/mileage_and_fuel/introduction_t
o_the_diesel_generator.html
http://www.china-power-contractor.cn/The-diesel-generators-knowledgeintroduction.html
http://www.woodengenerator.com/Introduction.html
http://www.woodengenerator.com/History-Electric_Generator.html