Location
Drain valve for feed tank B1
Inlet valve for pump P1
De-ionized water supply to feed tank B1
Drain valve for feed tank B2
Inlet valve for pump P2
Valve for feed inlet to reactor from F1 01
Drain valve for F1 01
Valve for feed inlet to reactor from F1 02
Drain valve for F1 02
Drain valve for water jacket B4
Drain valve
By-pass valve for pump P3
Inlet flow for pre-heater B5
Sampling valve
Sampling valve
Drain valve
Cooling water outlet
Initial position
Close
Close
Close
Close
Close
Close
Close
Close
Close
Close
Close
Close
Close
Close
Close
Close
Close
Instruments list:
Tag
F1 01
F2 02
Q1 01
Q2 02
TIC 01
TI 02
Description
Liquid flow meter
Liquid flow meter
Conductivity
Conductivity
Temperature controller
Pre-heater temperature
Units
L/min
L/min
mS/cm
mS/cm
C
C
Range
0.0-3
0.0-3
0.0-200.0
0.0-200.0
0.0-100.0
0.0-100.0
Accuracy
2%
2%
1% FS
1% FS
0.5 C
0.5 C
6.0 METHODOLOGY
ii) Valve V17 was opened to let the cooling water to flow through the cooling tubes. The
water supply valve was adjusted to obtain reasonable cooling water flow in order to minimize the
temperature overshoot at the TI 01 during heater cut-off.
iii) The temperature set point on TI 01 was set to the desired temperature.
11) The unit was ready for experiment.
5) Start monitoring the inlet (QI 01) and outlet (QI 02) were started to monitor the conductivity
values until they do not change over time. This is to ensure that the reactor has reached steady
state.
6) Both inlet and outlet steady state conductivity values were recorded. The concentration of
NaOH exiting the reactor and extent of conversion were found out from the calibration curve.
7) Optional: Sampling valve V15 was opened and a 50 ml sample was collected. A back titration
procedure was carried out to manually determine the concentration of NaOH in the reactor and
extent of conversion.
8) The experiment (steps 4 to 7) was repeated for different residence times by reducing the feed
flow rates of NaOH and Et (Ac) to about 0.25, 0.20, 0.15, 0.10 and 0.05 l/min. Both flow rates
must be the same.
9) The general shutdown procedures were performed.
Volume ,
V TFR
(L)
1
2
3
4
5
6
4
4
4
4
4
4
Flow rate of
NaOH
(L/min)
Flow rate of
Et(Ac)
(L/min)
Residence
Time ,
(min)
0.30
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
(L/min)
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
6.6667
8.0000
10.0000
13.3333
20.0000
40.0000
0.30
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
Inlet
Outlet
Conversion,
Reaction Rate
Rate of
Conductivity
Conductivity
Constant, k
Reaction
(mS/cm)
10.7
(mS/cm)
8.2
(%)
21.74
(L/mol.min)
0.4167
(mol/L.min)
2.5521 x
103
10.3
7.8
26.09
0.4412
2.4101 x
103
10.2
7.7
27.17
0.3731
1.9990 x
103
10.0
7.3
31.52
0.3452
1.6188 x
3
10
5
9.9
7.3
31.52
0.2301
1.0791 x
103
9.4
6.6
39.13
8
0.1607
5.9542 x
104
12.0 REFERENCES
1. Levenspiel O., Chemical Reaction Engineering, John Wiley (USA), 1972.
2. Fogler H.S., Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering, 3rd Ed., Prentice Hall (USA),
1999.
3. Smith J.M., Chemical Engineering Kinetics, McGraw Hill (Singapore), 1981.
4. Astarita G., Mass Transfer with Chemical Reaction, Elsevier, 1967
5. Plug Flow Reactor. University of Michigan statement. Retrieved from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plug_flow_reactor_model
10
13.0 APPENDIX
11
12