By

Sadain Zafar

Liquid-Liquid
Extraction

OBJECTIVES:

Liquid-Lquid Extraction from Oxalic acid to Kerosene

PRINCIPLES:

The principle of Liquid-liquid extraction is that the mass

transfer process takes place between solutions which carrier solute and
solvent. This process is done between solvent and solution. By mass transfer
the separation process take place from solutions to solvent.
THEORY:

Liquid-liquid extraction is basically separation process. By using

liquid-liquid extraction procedure the process of separation take place
between solution and a suitable solvent which has capable to extract the solute
from solution. In this experiment two processes take place at a time one
process is that separation process and second process is mainly that mass
transfer process which causes the separation process between solution and
solvent. A solution which carrier liquid and carrier solute oxalic acid and
secondly a suitable solvent is kerosene which has eligible to dissolve the
solute particles. Both solution and solvent are immiscible to each other.
Mixing them to a suitable time then some molecules of solute dissolves in
solvent which is determined by titration with base. That is determined how
much molecules of acid is dissolved in solvent.
The solvent which is enriched with solutes molecules which are
called Extract. The stream of feed which have contain some residual solute
particles is called Raffinate.
Sometime the solvent molecule are dissolved with raffinate
during this mass transfer so the distillation process take place for recovery of
solvent and sometime carrier liquid is dissolved with solvent that is separated
by distillation column. Its has greater cost than distillation. Liquid-liquid
extraction process take placed due different of densities. In distillation column
two different volatile components take place so that is simply but in Liquidliquid extraction process is mostly expensive due to recovery of solvent by
distillation column. In this type the solution may contain more than one solute
in carrier liquid.

WHY DO WE USE LIQUID-LIQUID EXTRACTION PORCESS:

Liquid-liquid extraction process is used when the components have same

Boiling point. If boiling points of components are same then separation
process take place in distillation column is difficult so we use Liquid-liquid
extraction process.
It is used when the volatility of components are same so, liquid-liquid
extraction process is used than distillation.
It is used when the subject of heat sensitive materials.
APPLICATIONS:

This process is used in sugar industries.

This process is used in where the subject of separation of heat sensitive
materials.
This process is used Pharmaceutical industries.
It is used for the formation of Insulene.
It is used for the removal of organic material.

EQUIPMENTS:
Beaker
Titration flask
Separating funnel
Magnetic-capsule.
Burette.
Titration flask
Pipette.

CHEMICALS

1. NaOH
2. Acetic acid

3. Keroscene
4. Phenolphethelene indicator
SCHAMATIC DIEGRAM

PROCEDURES:

We made the solution of Acetic acid and Sodium hydro oxide

We took the 20ml of acetic acid and equally of kerosene.
A magnetic-capsule is added in solution of solute and solvent in beaker.
Then this solution put on magnetic stirrer for 5,10 and 15 minutes.
After desired time the sample is put in separation funnel for separation of
layers.
We took solvent from funnel separation and took 10ml of sample put in
titration flask
Phenolphthelene indicator is added in solvent of sample and titrated against
NaOH.

Noted the volume of NaOH is used .

Repeated the same procedure for others two samples.
End point of solution will be pink.

OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS

Volume of sample-1 from separation funnel

= 10 ml

Volume of sample-2 from separation funnel

= 10 ml

Volume of sample-3 from separation funnel

= 10ml

Sr.
No.

01

Solvent
volume
is used

NaOH is
used

N1*V1=N
2*V2

S=Strenght
./Liter.

ml

ml

N2

10

13.2

0.132

3.963

6.59*1
0^-5

10

7.2

0.072

2.161

3.59*1
0^-5

10

5.1

0.052

1.561

2.59*1
0^-5

N2*equilent
weight

(5mi
n)
02
(10m
in)
03
(15m
in)

Acid
conc.i
n
solven
t

DISCUSSION OF THE RESULT

When the time of mixing will be increase then more mass transfer take place
between solutions to solvent. More molecules of acid will be present in
solvent then more volume of NaOH will be used to neutralize. If time of
mixing will be low then very low molecules will be present in solvent then
low volume of NaOH is required to neutralize the acetic acid.
.