LOCAL STUDIES

SELF ESTEEM
1. Lccs
Almogela. L et al (2013) showed that there is no significant difference between the
relationship of self-esteem and health-related behavior when grouped according to males and
females. It implied that when it comes to the variable gender, the relationship of self-esteem and
health related behavior of males and females are not significantly different from one another. The
researchers used the Rosenbergs Self-Esteem Scalein Saint Louis University School of Nursing
Baguio City. There is no significant difference between self-esteem and health related
behaviours of males and females, because gender does not moderate the relationship between
the self-esteem and health-related behaviors (Stress and Gender in relation to Self-esteem
of University Business students, 2011). This study in contradictory to some researches in
which the relationship of self-esteem and health-related behaviors of males and females shown
that there was a statistically significant difference with one another, which shows that males
scored significantly higher level of self-esteem than females (Self-esteem and optimism in
rural youth: Gender differences, 2010).

Almogela. L et al (2013)
., Cacapit, Z., Caldito, R., Corpuz, A., Domede, K., Fajardo, C.,
Garcia, M., Lacap, J., Magsingit, C., Mangaoang, K., Pasiliao, F., Sayson, J., Cacanindin, C.,

Saint Louis University School of Nursing

2013

Ukeh, M., Aloh, P., & Kwahar, N. (2011). STRESS AND GENDER IN RELATION TO SELFESTEEM OF UNIVERSITY BUSINESS STUDENTS. Retrieved from
http://www.ajol.info/index.php/gab/journal/view/67471

2. Self-Esteem and its Correlates among University

Freshmen Biotechnology Major
Melanio T. Olea*1, Merlene M. Bernal2 and Rogelio M. Hernandez3
Biotechnology Department, College of Arts and Sciences*
1, OVPRES1 2, OP-IAS3
Rizal Technological University, Mandaluyong City, Philippines
*Corresponding address: mel_ole@hotmail.com
Studies in the College of Arts and Sciences in Rizal Technological University,
Mandaluyong City, Philippines , Olea et al. (2012) both the male and female student
respondents showed positive perception of their self-esteem. A self-administered survey
that rates the level of self-esteem using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Test (Rosenberg,
1985) was used. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale Test was used because it is being
referred to as generally the standard tool against which other measures of selfesteem are compared. It is composed of 10 questions and scored using the four-point
response scale, ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. Blascovitch and Tanaka
(1991) reported that the items included in the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Test are face
valid, scale is short and easy. In addition, the

PERCEIVED STRESS
1. Stress, Stressors, and Stress
Responses of Student Nurses in a Government Nursing School
Leodoro Jabien Labrague, Associate Dean, College of Nursing & Health Sciences,
Samar State University, Philippines
Perceived stress scale (PSS)

To examine nursing students stress levels and

types of stressors, the PSS was utilized. This
instrument was developed by Sheu et al. It is a
five-point Likert-type scale that consists of 29
items grouped into six factors, labeled as follows:
Stress from taking care of patients (8 items),
Stress from teachers and nursing staff (6 items),
Stress from assignments and workload (5 items),
Stress from peers and daily life (4 items), Stress
from lack of professional knowledge and skills (3
items), and Stress from clinical environment (3
items). Each item is rated on a five-point Likert
scale (0=never, 1=almost never, 2=sometimes,
3=fairly often and 4=very often). Usually, both
total scores and individual subscale scores are
measured. Higher scores indicate higher level of
stress. To determine the level of stress, the
following scaling was used; 2.67 4.00 for High
Stress, 1.34 2.66 for Moderate Stress, and 0
1.33 for Low Stress.
This study investigated the level of stress,
stressors, and physio-psycho-social responses to
stress among Filipino student nurses in a
government nursing school. Result of this
investigation has demonstrated that perceived
level of stress in Filipino student nurses was
considered as moderate stress. This finding is in
keeping with the results obtained by previous
authors.
12, 21, 29
However, in a study conducted
among Greek student nurses stress level was mild.
35
Stress in minimal amount can be beneficial on
the persons wellbeing30
especially when faced
with challenge and responsibility,
11
however
extension to or below these stress or excitement
levels can harm to the individual when exposure is
chronic. Findings of this study calls for a greater
challenge for nurse educators in planning
strategies to prevent recurrence of stress among

students while keeping them motivated to

achieve for a greater learning.
2.
A Pilot Study Quantifying Filipino Nurses Perception of Stress
Elizabeth M. Andal
California State University, Bakersfield
2006
Instrument
The Expanded Nursing Stress Scale (ENSS) was
used in this study. See French, Lenton, Walters,
and Eyles (2000) for reliability and validity data.
The Expanded Nursing Stress Scale
questionnaire was used in this study. The scale is
designed to measure nurse stress levels
categorized as: death and dying, conflict with
physicians, inadequate preparation, problems
with peers, problems with supervisors,
workload, uncertainty concerning treatment,