International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET)

Volume 6, Issue 11, Nov 2015, pp. 106-113, Article ID: IJMET_06_11_013
Available online at
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/issues.asp?JType=IJMET&VType=6&IType=11
ISSN Print: 0976-6340 and ISSN Online: 0976-6359
IAEME Publication

DAMPED VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF

COMPOSITE SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM
Vikas Mukhariyia and Raj Kumar Yadav
Asst. Prof. Department of Mechanical Engineering AIST Sagar M.P
Ashish Tiwari and Pankaj Singh
M. Tech Scholar Department of Mechanical Engineering AIST Sagar M.P
ABSTRACT
In this research the natural frequency of composite simply supported beam
(steel +cast iron),with and without cracks at three different locations namely
at 22cm ,44cm,and 66cm is investigated experimentally using universal
vibration apparatus. The beam is made up of composite material of steel and
cast iron with dimension (L*W*H= 1.095m*0.023m*0.012m) and E=157
GPA. A comparison is made by using damper with two different oils namely
SAEJ1703F and 20W40, for both situations with and without crack. Oil
SAEJ1703F gives better damping capacity than 20W40.
Key words: Universal Vibration Apparatus, Composite Beam, Damper
Cracked Beam, SAEJ1703F, 20W40.
Cite this Article: Vikas Mukhariyia, Raj Kumar Yadav, Ashish Tiwari and
Pankaj Singh. Damped Vibration Analysis of Composite Simply Supported
Beam, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology,
6(11), 2015, pp. 106-113.
http://www.iaeme.com/currentissue.asp?JType=IJMET&VType=6&IType=11

1. INTRODUCTION
The importance of the beam and its engineering applications is obvious, and it
undergoes many different of loading. Many types of loading may cause cracks in the
beam. These cracks and their locations effect on the shapes and values of the beam
frequency. Recently these topics are so prevailing in the industry of spacecraft,
airplanes, wind turbines, turbines, robot arm and many other applications. Many
engineering components used in the aeronautical, aerospace and naval construction
industries are considered by designers as vibrating structures, operating under a large
number of random cyclic stresses. Cracks found in structural elements like beams and
columns have different causes. They may be fatigue cracks that take place under
service conditions as a result of the limited fatigue strength. They may be also due to
mechanical defects, as in the turbine blades of jet engines. In these engines the cracks
are caused by sand and small stones sucked from the surface of runway. Another

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Damped Vibration Analysis of Composite Simply Supported Beam

group involves cracks which are inside the material. They are created as a result of
manufacturing processes. The presence of vibrations on structures and machine
components leads to cyclic stresses resulting in material fatigue and failure. A crack
on a structural member introduces a local flexibility which is a function of the crack
depth. Major characteristics of structures, which undergo change due to presence of
crack, are a) The natural frequency b) The amplitude response due to vibration c)
Mode shape. Hence it is important to use natural frequency measurements to detect
crack and its effects on the structure.

2. OBJECTIVE OF THE WORK

The objective of the study is to analyse the behaviour of the simply supported beam
subjected to three rectangular cracks at different locations under free and damped
vibration. A comparison is made by using two different oils under both situations with
and without cracks. Cracks in vibrating components can initiate catastrophic failures.
Therefore, there is a need to understand the dynamics of cracked structures. When a
structure suffers from damage, its dynamic properties can change. Specifically, crack
damage can cause a stiffness reduction, with an inherent reduction in natural
frequencies, an increase in modal damping, and a change in the mode shapes. Since
the reduction in natural frequencies can be easily observed, most researchers use this
feature. Natural frequencies and mode shapes of the beam are also been determined.

Figure 1 Universal Vibration Apparatus

The rectangular crack was created on the composite beam of same dimension of
0.2 mm.

Figure 2 Beam With Cracks At Different Locations

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Vikas Mukhariyia, Raj Kumar Yadav, Ashish Tiwari and Pankaj Singh

3. METHODOLOGY
The dimension of composite beam are (L*W*H= 1.095m*0.023m*0.012m) .The
material of beam was stainless steel welded with cast iron of Youngs modulus 157
GPA.
The (TM06) Universal vibration apparatus is employed in this study as shown in
fig.

Figure 3 DAMPER

Dunkerleys Method

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Damped Vibration Analysis of Composite Simply Supported Beam

Figure 4 Lubricating Oils

4. OBSERVATION TABLES
Table I without Crack
S.
No.
1

Distance Of
Rotor(cm)

22

44

66

22

44

66

22

44

66

Voltage
(volts)
20
40
60
20
40
60
20
40
60
20
40
60
20
40
60
20
40
60
20
40
60
20
40
60
20
40
60

RP
M
274
475
875
274
475
875
274
475
875
262
369
632
262
369
632
262
369
632
262
369
632
262
369
632
262
369
632

Damping

Oil Type

NIL

NIL

NIL

NIL

NIL

NIL

Consider

SAEJ1703F

Consider

SAEJ1703F

Consider

SAEJ1703F

Consider

20W40

Consider

20W40

Consider

20W40

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109

Deflection
(cm)
1.31
0.86
0.80
2.23
1.00
0.82
1.03
0.85
0.78
0.20
0.53
0.68
0.34
0.68
0.63
0.10
0.49
0.53
0.90
0.60
0.70
0.48
0.71
0.65
0.35
0.51
0.60

Natural
Frequency
(Hz)
2.89

2.59

3.05

4.19

3.88

4.71

3.36

3.677

4.129

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Vikas Mukhariyia, Raj Kumar Yadav, Ashish Tiwari and Pankaj Singh
Table II with Crack (Crack Distance = 22cm from Left)
S.
No.
1

Distance
Of
Rotor(cm)

0.2

22

0.2

44

0.2

66

0.2

22

0.2

44

0.2

66

0.2

22

0.2

44

Crack
depth
(mm)

0.2

66

Voltage
(volts)

RPM Damping

20
40
60
20
40
60
20
40
60
20
40
60
20
40
60
20
40
60
20
40
60
20
40
60
20
40
60

274
475
875
274
475
875
274
475
875
262
369
632
262
369
632
262
369
632
262
369
632
262
369
632
262
369
632

Oil Type

NIL

NIL

NIL

NIL

NIL

NIL
SAEJ1703F

Consider

Consider

SAEJ1703F

Consider

SAEJ1703F

Consider

20W40

Consider

20W40

Consider

20W40

Deflection
(cm)
1.7
1.1
0.9
2.42
1.5
0.98
1.125
0.88
0.80
1.01
0.75
0.52
1.3
0.82
0.63
0.7
0.61
0.5
1.2
0.8
0.6
1.5
0.88
0.70
0.80
0.66
0.53

Natural
Frequency
(Hz)
3.71

2.25

2.97

3.30

3.00

3.70

3.09

2.84

3.53

Table III with Crack (Crack Location = 44cm from Left)

S.
No.
1

Distance
Of
Rotor(cm)
22

44

66

22

44

Crack
depth
(mm)
0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

Voltage
(volts)
20
40
60
20
40
60
20
40
60
20
40
60
20
40
60

RPM
274
475
875
274
475
875
274
475
875
262
369
632
262
369
632

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Damping

Oil Type

NIL

NIL

NIL

NIL

NIL

NIL
SAEJ1703F

Consider

Consider

110

SAEJ1703F

Deflection
(cm)
1.8
1.3
1.1
2.6
1.6
1.1
1.3
0.89
0.85
1.06
0.80
0.58
1.41
0.85
0.68

Natural
Frequency
(Hz)
2.43

2.84

2.85

3.19

2.90

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Damped Vibration Analysis of Composite Simply Supported Beam

S.
No.
6

Distance
Of
Rotor(cm)
66

22

44

66

Crack
depth
(mm)
0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

Voltage
(volts)
20
40
60
20
40
60
20
40
60
20
40
60

RPM
262
369
632
262
369
632
262
369
632
262
369
632

Damping

Oil Type

Consider

SAEJ1703F

Consider

20W40

Consider

20W40

Consider

20W40

Deflection
(cm)
0.72
0.68
0.52
1.21
0.83
0.62
1.53
0.90
0.82
0.83
0.75
0.61

Natural
Frequency
(Hz)
3.6

3.12

3.12

3.37

Table IV with Crack (Crack Location = 66cm from Left)

S.
No.
1

Distance Crack
Voltage
Of
depth
RPM
(volts)
Rotor(cm) (mm)
20
274
0.2
40
475
22
60
875
20
274
0.2
40
475
44
60
875
20
274
0.2
40
475
66
60
875
20
262
0.2
40
369
22
60
632
20
262
0.2
40
369
44
60
632
20
262
0.2
40
369
66
60
632
20
262
0.2
40
369
22
60
632
20
262
0.2
40
369
44
60
632
20
262
0.2
40
369
66
60
632

Damping

Oil Type

NIL

NIL

NIL

NIL

NIL

NIL

Consider

SAEJ1703F

Consider

SAEJ1703F

Consider

SAEJ1703F

Consider

20W40

Consider

20W40

Consider

20W40

Deflection
(cm)
1.32
0.90
0.80
2.40
1.20
0.90
1.10
0.86
0.78
0.70
0.63
0.50
1.10
0.70
0.63
0.40
0.33
0.20
1.00
0.70
0.60
1.20
0.80
0.75
0.53
0.43
0.30

Natural
Frequency
(Hz)
2.86

2.34

3.01

3.68

3.20

5.01

3.00

3.00

4.45

5. RESULT AND DICUSSION

A comparison is made between two different oils of different lubrication properties at
different locations of composite beam along with crack and without crack. Dunkerley
method is used to find the natural frequency of composite beam.

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Vikas Mukhariyia, Raj Kumar Yadav, Ashish Tiwari and Pankaj Singh

Without Crack
As seen from TABLE I, deflection of composite beam increases as we move the rotor
from 22cm to 44cm and afterwards it decreases from 44cm to 66cm. Consequently
natural frequency also increases with decrease in the deflection. Minimum deflection
occur in case of SAEJ1703F Oil at 66cm location, which gives the highest frequency
of 4.71 Hz.
Maximum deflection occur in case of composite beam without damper at 44cm
location, which gives the lowest frequency of 2.59 Hz.
As seen from TABLE I, oil SAEJ1703F reduces the deflection better than 20W40.

With Crack
Crack location at 22cm from left
As seen from TABLE II, deflection increases again as we move rotor from 22cm to
44cm and afterwards it decreases. The highest deflection occurs at 44 cm,
consequently the lowest frequency of 2.25Hz also occur at same location

Crack location at 44cm from left

As seen from TABLE III, maximum deflection occurs at crack location itself i.e.
44cm, consequently gives the lowest frequency.

Crack location at 66cm from left

As seen From TABLE IV, the maximum deflection occurs at mid location i.e. 44cm.
The highest frequency of 5.01Hz occurs at 66cm i.e. at the crack location using
damping effect with oil SAEJ1703F.

6. CONCLUSION
From the above observation tables, we conclude that oil SAEJ1703F provides better
damping effect than oil 20W40. Hence, it reduces the vibration of the composite beam
to the greater extent, and enhances the natural frequency of the composite beam. We
also seen that the frequency of composite beam increases as we move the rotor from
22cm to 44cm.
Crack location also effect the frequency of the composite beam, as seen from the
observation table, it increases the deflection of the beam slightly, therefore the
frequency decreases.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank to Principal and Management of Adina institute of
science and technology sagar for academic and valued computational support.

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[1]
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Damped Vibration Analysis of Composite Simply Supported Beam

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