02 OWA200003 WCDMA Radio Interface Physical Layer (With Comment) ISSUE 1

Internal
WCDMA Radio Interface

Physical Layer
ISSUE 1.0
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
www.huawei.com
All rights reserved
The physical layer offers data transport services

to higher layers.
The access to these services is through the use
of transport channels via the MAC sub-layer.
The physical layer is expected to perform the
following functions in order to provide the data
transport service, for example Modulation and
spreading/demodulation and despreading, Inner loop power control etc.
All rights reserved
Page 1
References
TS 25.104 UTRA (BS) FDD Radio Transmission and
Reception
TS 25.201 Physical layer-general description
TS 25.211 Physical channels and mapping of
transport channels onto physical channels (FDD)
TS 25.212 Multiplexing and channel coding (FDD)
TS 25.213 Spreading and modulation (FDD)
TS 25.214 Physical layer procedures (FDD)
TS 25.308 UTRA High Speed Downlink Packet Access
(HSDPA); Overall description; Stage 2
TR 25.877 High Speed Downlink Packet Acces (HSDPA) Iub/Iur Protocol Aspects
TR 25.858 Physical layer aspects of UTRA High Speed
Downlink Packet Access
All rights reserved
Page 2
Upon completion of this course, you will be

able to:
Outline radio interface protocol
Architecture
Describe key technology of UMTS
physical layer
Describe UMTS physical layer procedures
All rights reserved
Page 3
Chapter 1 Physical Layer Overview

Chapter 2 Physical Layer Key Technology
Chapter 3 Physical Layer Processing Procedure
Chapter 4 Physical Layer Procedures
All rights reserved
Page 4
UTRAN Protocol Structure

Core Network
Iu
Iu
RNS
RNS
Iur
RNC
Iub
NodeB
Iub
Iub
NodeB
NodeB
RNC
All rights reserved
Page 5
Iub
NodeB
Radio Interface Protocol Structure

GC
Nt
DC
Duplication avoidance
Nt
GC
DC
C-plane signaling
U-plane information
control
L3
Radio
Bearers
control
control
control
control
RRC
UuS boundary
PDCP
RLC
RLC
RLC
PDCP
RLC
RLC
RLC
L2/PDCP
RLC
BMC
L2/BMC
RLC
L2/RLC
Logical
Channels
MAC
L2/MAC
PHY
Transport
Channels
L1
All rights reserved
Page 6

GC
Nt
DC
Nt
GC
DC
C-plane signaling
U-plane information
control
L3
Radio
Bearers
control
control
control
control
RRC
UuS boundary
PDCP
RLC
RLC
RLC
PDCP
RLC
RLC
RLC
L2/PDCP
RLC
BMC
L2/BMC
RLC
L2/RLC
Logical
Channels
MAC
L2/MAC
PHY
Transport
Channels
L1
All rights reserved
Page 7

GC
Nt
DC
Nt
GC
DC
C-plane signaling
U-plane information
control
L3
Radio
Bearers
control
control
control
control
RRC
UuS boundary
PDCP
RLC
RLC
RLC
PDCP
RLC
RLC
RLC
L2/PDCP
RLC
BMC
L2/BMC
RLC
L2/RLC
Logical
Channels
MAC
L2/MAC
PHY
Transport
Channels
L1
All rights reserved
Page 8

GC
Nt
DC
Nt
GC
DC
C-plane signaling
U-plane information
control
L3
Radio
Bearers
control
control
control
control
RRC
UuS boundary
PDCP
RLC
RLC
RLC
PDCP
RLC
RLC
RLC
L2/PDCP
RLC
BMC
L2/BMC
RLC
L2/RLC
Logical
Channels
MAC
L2/MAC
PHY
Transport
Channels
L1
All rights reserved
Page 9
Spreading Technology
Spreading consists of 2 steps
Channelization operation, which transforms data symbols into chips. Thus
increasing the bandwidth of the signal, The number of chips per data
symbol is called the Spreading FactorSF.The operation is done by
multiplying with OVSF code.
Scrambling operation is applied to the spreading signal .
Chips after
spreading
Data bit
OVSF
code
Scrambling
code
All rights reserved
Page 10
Channelization Code
OVSF code is used as channelization code
The channelization codes are uniquely described as Cch,SF,k, where SF is the
spreading factor of the code and k is the code number, 0
C ch,4,0 =(1,1,1,1)
C ch,2,0 = (1,1)
C ch,4,1 = (1,1,-1,-1)
C ch,1,0 = (1)
C ch,4,2 = (1,-1,1,-1)
C ch,2,1 = (1,-1)
C ch,4,3 = (1,-1,-1,1)
SF = 1
SF = 2
SF = 4
All rights reserved
Page 11
SF-1.
Scrambling Code
Scrambling code: GOLD sequence.
Scrambling code period: 10ms ,or 38400 chips.
The code used for scrambling of the uplink DPCCH/DPDCH may be of
either long or short type, There are 224 long and 224 short uplink
scrambling codes. Uplink scrambling codes are assigned by higher
layers.
For downlink physical channels, a total of 218-1 = 262,143 scrambling
codes can be generated. scrambling codes k = 0, 1, , 8191 are used.
All rights reserved
Page 12
Primary Scrambling Code

Primary
scrambling code 0
Secondary
scrambling code 1
Set 1
Secondary
scrambling code 15
Set 511
Scrambling
codes for
downlink
physical
channels
Set 0
Primary
scrambling code
511
16
8192 scrambling
codes
512 sets
Secondary
scrambling code
511
16
15
A primary scrambling code and 15 secondary scrambling codes are

included in a set.
All rights reserved
Page 13
Primary Scrambling Code Group

Primary
scrambling code 0
Primary
scrambling code 1
Group 1
Primary scrambling
code 15
Group 63
Primary
scrambling
codes for
downlink
physical
channels
Group 0
Primary
scrambling code
8*63
Primary
scrambling code
63*8
7
512 primary
scrambling codes
64 primary scrambling
code groups
All rights reserved
Each group consists of 8

primary scrambling codes
Page 14

All rights reserved
Page 15

Section 1 Physical Channel Structure and Functions
Section 2 Channel Mapping
All rights reserved
Page 16
WCDMA radio interface has three kinds of channels

In terms of protocol layer, the WCDMA radio interface has three
channels: Physical channel, transport channel and logical channel.
Logical channel: Carrying user services directly. According to the types
of the carried services, it is divided into two types: Control channel and
service channel.
Transport channel: It is the interface of radio interface layer 2 and
physical layer, and is the service provided for MAC layer by the
physical layer. According to whether the information transported is
dedicated information for a user or common information for all users, it
is divided into dedicated channel and common channel.
Physical channel: It is the ultimate embodiment of all kinds of
information when they are transmitted on radio interfaces. Each kind of
channel which uses dedicated carrier frequency, code (spreading code
and scramble) and carrier phase (I or Q) can be regarded as a
dedicated channel.
All rights reserved
Page 17
Logical Channel
Dedicated traffic channel
(DTCH)
Common traffic channel
(CTCH)
Broadcast control channel
(BCCH)
Paging control channel
(PCCH)
Dedicate control channel
(DCCH)
Common control channel
(CCCH)
All rights reserved
Traffic channel
Control channel
Page 18
Transport Channel
Dedicated Channel
(DCH)
-DCH is an uplink or downlink channel
Broadcast channel
(BCH)
Forward access channel
(FACH)
Paging channel
(PCH)
Random access channel
(RACH)
Dedicated transport
channel
Common transport
channel
High-speed downlink shared channel

(HS-DSCH)
All rights reserved
Page 19
Physical Channel
A physical channel is defined by a specific carrier frequency, code
(scrambling code, spreading code) and relative phase.
In UMTS system, the different code (scrambling code or spreading
code) can distinguish the channels.
Most channels consist of radio frames and time slots, and each radio
frame consists of 15 time slots.
Two types of physical channel:UL and DL
Physical Channel
Frequency, Code, Phase
All rights reserved
Page 20
Downlink Physical Channel

Downlink Dedicated Physical Channel
(Downlink DPCH)
Downlink Common Physical Channel
Common Control Physical Channel

(CCPCH)
Synchronization Channel
(SCH)
Paging Indicator Channel
(PICH)
Acquisition Indicator Channel
(AICH)
Downlink
Physical Channel
Common Pilot Channel

(CPICH)
High-Speed Packet Downlink Shared
Channel (HS-PDSCH)
High-Speed Shared Control Channel (HSSCCH)
All rights reserved
Page 21
Uplink Physical Channel

Uplink Dedicated Physical Channel
Uplink Dedicated Physical Data
Channel (Uplink DPDCH)
Uplink Dedicated Physical Control
Channel (Uplink DPCCH)
High-Speed Dedicated Physical Channel
(HS-DPCCH)
Uplink Physical
Channel
Uplink Common Physical Channel

Physical Random Access Channel
(PRACH)
All rights reserved
Page 22
Function of physical channel

Cell broadcast channels
P-CPICH-Primary
P-CPICH-Primary Common
Common Pilot
Pilot Channel
Channel
S-CPICH-Secondary
S-CPICH-Secondary Common
Common Pilot
Pilot Channel
Channel
P-CCPCH-Primary
P-CCPCH-Primary Common
Common Control
Control Physical
Physical Channel
Channel
SCHSynchronisation
Channel
SCH- Synchronisation Channel
Paging channels
S-CCPCH-Secondary
S-CCPCH-Secondary Common
Common Control
Control Physical
Physical Channel
Channel
PICH-Paging
PICH-Paging Indicator
Indicator Channel
Channel
Random access channels

Node B
PRACH-Physical
PRACH-Physical Random
Random Access
Access Channel
Channel
UE
AICH-Acquisition
AICH-Acquisition Indicator
Indicator Channel
Channel
Dedicated channels
DPDCH-Dedicated
DPDCH-Dedicated Physical
Physical Data
Data Channel
Channel
DPCCH-Dedicated
DPCCH-Dedicated Physical
Physical Control
Control Channel
Channel
High speed downlink share channels

HS-SCCH-High
HS-SCCH-High Speed
Speed Share
Share Control
Control Channel
Channel
HS-PDSCH-High
HS-PDSCH-High Speed
Speed Physical
Physical Downlink
Downlink Share
Share Channel
Channel
HS-DPCCH-High
HS-DPCCH-High Speed
Speed Dedicated
Dedicated Physical
Physical Control
Control Channel
Channel
All rights reserved
Page 23
Primary Synchronization Channel (P-SCH)

Used for cell search
Two sub channels: P-SCH and S-SCH.
SCH is transmitted at the first 256 chips
of every time slot.
PSC is transmitted repeatedly in each
time slot.
Slot #0
Primary
SCH
Secondary
SCH
SSC specifies the scrambling code

groups of the cell.
SSC is chosen from a set of 16
different codes of length 256, there
are altogether 64 primary scrambling
code groups.
Slot #1
ac p
ac p
ac si,0
ac si,1
Slot #14
ac p
acsi,14
256 chips
2560 chips
One 10 ms SCH radio frame
All rights reserved
Page 24
Secondary Synchronization Channel (S-SCH)

Scrambling
Code Group
Group 0
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Group 4
Group 61
Group 62
Group 63
#0
#1
#2
#3
#4
#5
slot number
#6 #7 #8
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
5
1
3
16
8
16
15
1
6
9
7
5
8
6
10
3
5
6
11
15
14
12
5
15
8
16
16
2
5
10
3
6
5
12
16
10
11
8
1
2
5
2
4
15
7
12
16
4
12
15
14
11
6
16
7
12
15
3
11
16
10
12
7
2
9
9
9
10
11
12
13
12
10
10
15
15
11
12
13
15
9
14
15
13
9
9
13
14
16
11
15
12
14
11
14
10
11
13
16
13
16
15
12
14
14
16
11
16
10
Slot # ?
Slot #?
Slot #?
P-SCH
acp
acp
acp
S-SCH
16
11
#9
#10 #11 #12 #13 #14
..
Group 2
Slot 7, 8, 9
256 chips
2560 chips
All rights reserved
Page 25
Common Pilot Channel(CPICH)

Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)
Carries pre-defined sequence.
Fixed rate 30Kbps SF=256
Primary CPICH
Uses the fixed channel code -- Cch,256,0
Scrambled by the primary scrambling code
Only one CPICH per cell
Broadcast over the entire cell
The P-CPICH is a phase reference for SCH, Primary CCPCH, AICH, PICH.
By default, it is also a phase reference for downlink DPCH.
Pre-defined symbol sequence
Tslot = 2560 chips , 20 bits
Slot #0
Slot # i
Slot #1
Slot #14
1 radio frame: Tr = 10 ms
All rights reserved
Page 26
Primary Common Control Physical Channel (PCCPCH)

Fixed rate, fixed OVSF code30kbpsCch,256,1
Carry BCH transport channel
The PCCPCH is not transmitted during the first 256 chips of each time slot.
Only data part
STTD transmit diversity may be used
256 chips
PCCPCH Data
SCH
18 bits
T
Slot #0
Slot #1
slot
= 2560 chips,20 bits
Slot #i
Slot #14
1 radio frame: T f = 10 ms
All rights reserved
Page 27
Paging Indicator Channel (PICH)

PICH is a fixed-rate (SF=256) physical channel used to carry the Paging Indicators (PI).
Frame structure of PICH: one frame of length 10ms consists of 300 bits of which 288 bits
are used to carry paging indicators and the remaining 12 bits are not defined.
N paging indicators {PI0, , PIN-1} in each PICH frame, N=18, 36, 72, or 144.
If a paging indicator in a certain frame is set to 1, it indicates that UEs associated with
this paging indicator should read the corresponding frame of the associated S-CCPCH.
288 bits for paging indication

b0 b1
12 bits (undefined)
b 287 b 288
One radio frame (10 ms)
All rights reserved
Page 28
b 299
Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (SCCPCH)

Carry FACH and PCH.
SF =256 - 4.
Two kinds of SCCPCH: with or without

TFCI. UTRAN decides if a TFCI should
be transmitted, UE must support TFCI.
FACH and PCH can be mapped to the

same or separate SCCPCHs. If
Possible rates are the same as that of

downlink DPCH
can be mapped to the same fame.
Data
TFCI
N TFCI bits
Pilot
N Pilot bits
N Data bits
T slot = 2560 chips,
Slot #0
mapped to the same S-CCPCH, they
Slot #1
20*2 k bits (k=0..6)
Slot #i
Slot #14
1 radio frame: T f = 10 ms
All rights reserved
Page 29
Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)

The random-access transmission data consists of two parts:
One or several preambleseach preamble is of length 4096chips and consists
of 256 repetitions of a signature whose length is 16 chips16 available
signatures totally
10 or 20ms message part
Which signature is available and the length of message part are determined by
higher layer
Preamble
Preamble
Preamble
4096 chips
Preamble
Message part
10 ms (one radio frame)
Preamble
Preamble
4096 chips
Message part
20 ms (two radio frames)
All rights reserved
Page 30
PRACH Access Timeslot Structure

radio frame: 10 ms
radio frame: 10 ms
5120 chips
#1
Access slot #0
Access slot #1
#2
#3
#4
#5
#6
#7
#8
#9
#10
#11
#12
#13
#14
Random Access Transmission

Access slot #7
Access slot #8
Access slot #14
All rights reserved
Page 31
PRACH Message Structure

Data
N data bits
Data
Pilot
N Pilot bits
Control
TFCI
N TFCI bits
T slot = 2560 chips, 10*2 k bits (k=0..3)
Slot # 0
Slot # 1
Slot # i
Slot # 14
Message part radio frame TRACH = 10 ms
All rights reserved
Page 32
Acquisition Indicator Channel (AICH)

Frame structure of AICHtwo frames, 20 ms consists of a repeated
sequence of 15 consecutive AS, each of length 20 symbols(5120 chips).
Each time slot consists of two partsan Acquisition-Indicator(AI) and a
part of duration 1024chips with no transmission.
Acquisition-Indicator AI have 16 kinds of Signature.
CPICH is the phase reference of AICH.
AI part
a0 a1 a2
AS #14
AS #0
AS #1
Unused part
a30 a31 a32 a33
a38 a39
AS #i
AS #14
20 ms
All rights reserved
Page 33
AS #0
Uplink Dedicated Physical Channel (DPDCH&DPCCH)

DPDCH and DPCCH are I/Q code multiplexed within each radio frame
DPDCH carries data generated at Layer 2 and higher layer
DPCCH carries control information generated at Layer 1
Each frame is 10ms and consists of 15 time slots, each time slot
consists of 2560 chips
The spreading factor of DPDCH is from 4 to 256
The spreading factor of DPDCH and DPCCH can be different in the
same Layer 1 connection
Each DPCCH time slot consists of Pilot, TFCIFBITPC
All rights reserved
Page 34
Frame Structure of Uplink DPDCH/DPCCH
Data
N databits
DPDCH
DPCCH
Pilot
Npilot bits
TFCI
NTFCI bits
FBI
NFBI bits
TPC
NTPC bits
Tslot = 2560 chips, 10 k *2 bits (k=0..6)
Slot #0 Slot #1
Slot #i
Slot #14
1 radio frame: Tf = 10 ms
All rights reserved
Page 35
Downlink Dedicated Physical Channel (DPDCH+DPCCH)

DCH consists of dedicated data and control information.
Control information includesPilotTPCTFCI(optional).
The spreading factor of DCH can be from 512 to 4,and can be
changed during connection
DPDCH and DPCCH is time multiplexed.
All rights reserved
Page 36
Frame Structure of Downlink DPCH
DPCCH
DPDCH
Data1
Ndata1 bits
TPC
NTPC bits
TFCI
NTFCI bits
DPDCH
DPCCH
Data2
Ndata2 bits
Pilot
Npilot bits
Tslot = 2560 chips, 10*2 k bits (k=0..7)
Slot #0
Slot #1
Slot #i
Slot #14
One radio frame, Tf = 10 ms
All rights reserved
Page 37
High-Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel (HS-PDSCH)

Bear service data and layer2 overhead bits mapped from the transport
channel
SF=16, can be configured several channels to increase data service
Data
N Data 1 bits
T slot = 2560 chips, M*10*2 k bits (k=4)
Slot #0
Slot#1
Slot #2
1 subframe: Tf = 2 ms
All rights reserved
Page 38
High-Speed Shared Control Channel (HS-SCCH)

Carries physical layer signalling to a single UE ,such as modulation
scheme (1 bit) ,channelization code set (7 bit), transport Block size
(6bit),HARQ process number (3bit), redundancy version (3bit), new
data indicator (1bit), Ue identity (16bit)
HS-SCCH is a fixed rate (60 kbps, SF=128) downlink physical channel
used to carry downlink signalling related to HS-DSCH transmission
Data
N Data 1bits
T slot = 2560 chips, 40 bits
Slot #0
Slot#1
Slot #2
1 subframe: T f = 2 ms
All rights reserved
Page 39
High-Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel (HS-DPCCH )
HS-DPCCH carries information to acknowledge downlink transport

blocks and feedback information to the system for scheduling and link
adaptation of transport block
CQI and ACK/NACK
Physical Channel ,Uplink, SF=256,power control
T
s lo t
2T
= 2 5 6 0 c h ip s
s lo t
H A R Q -A C K
= 5 1 2 0 ch ip s
CQI
O n e H S -D P C C H s u b fra m e (2 m s )
S u b fra m e # i
S u b fra m e # 0
O n e ra d io fra m e T
S u b fra m e # 4
= 10 ms
All rights reserved
Page 40

Section 1 Physical Channel Structure and Functions
Section 2 Channel Mapping
All rights reserved
Page 41
Mapping Between Channels

Logical channels
Transport channels
Physical channels
BCH
P-CCPCH
FACH
S-CCPCH
PCCH
PCH
S-CCPCH
CCCH
RACH
PRACH
FACH
S-CCPCH
FACH
S-CCPCH
DCH
DPDCH
HS-DSCH
HS-PDSCH
BCCH
CTCH
DCCH, DTCH
RACH, FACH
All rights reserved
PRACH, S-CCPCH
Page 42

All rights reserved
Page 43

Section 1 Coding and Multiplexing Technology
Section 2 Spreading Technology
Section 3 Modulation Technology
All rights reserved
Page 44
CRC of TB
Error detection is provided on transport blocks through a Cyclic
Redundancy Check (CRC)
CRC size is informed by higher layer signal
08121624(optional)
If no TB are input, no CRC bits should be attached. If TB are
input with TB SIZE=0,CRC bits shall be also added ,but all
CRC are zero
All rights reserved
Page 45
TB Concatenation and Code Block Segmentation

All transport blocks in a TTI are serially concatenated .
The maximum size of the code blocks depends on whether
convolutional coding or turbo coding is used for the TrCH .
Convolutional code: if TBS SIZE>504,segmented to multiple code
block of the same size.
Turbo code:if TBS SIZE>5114, segmented to multiple code block
of the same size.
No coding:no segmentation
If codes cannot be segmented evenly, fill in 0 bits at the
beginning of the first code block.
If the code block length of Turbo code<40, fill in 0 bits at the
beginning to keep the code length constantly as 40
All rights reserved
Page 46
Channel coding
The following channel coding schemes can be applied to TrCHs:
Convolutional coding, coding rates 1/3 and 1/2 are defined
Turbo coding, The coding rate of Turbo coder is 1/3
No coding
Usage of coding
BCH, PCH and RACH1/2 Convolutional coding
DCH and FACH1/2 or 1/3 Convolutional coding ,1/3 Turbo
coding, no coding
All rights reserved
Page 47
Rate Matching
Rate matching means that bits on a transport channel are repeated or
punctured.
The number of bits on a transport channel can vary between different
transmission time intervals(TTI). In the downlink the transmission is
interrupted if the number of bits is lower than maximum. When the
number of bits between different transmission time intervals in uplink
is changed, bits are repeated or punctured to ensure that the total bit
rate after TrCH multiplexing is identical to the total channel bit rate of
the allocated dedicated physical channels.
All rights reserved
Page 48
Interleaving
Function: reduce the influence of fast fading.
Two kinds of interleaving: 1st interleaving and 2nd interleaving
The length of 1st interleaving is TTI of TrCH, 1st interleaving is
a inter-frame interleaving
The length of 2nd interleaving is a physical frame, 2nd
interleaving is a intra-frame interleaving.
All rights reserved
Page 49
Radio Frame Segmentation

When the transmission time interval (TTI) is longer than 10 ms, the
input bit sequence is segmented and mapped onto consecutive Fi
radio frames.
Following radio frame size equalisation in the UL the input bit
sequence length is guaranteed to be an integer multiple of Fi.
Following rate matching in the DL the input bit sequence length is
guaranteed to be an integer multiple of Fi.
Fi: Number of radio frames in the transmission time interval of TrCHi.
All rights reserved
Page 50
Multiplexing of TrCH
Every 10 ms, one radio frame from each TrCH is delivered to the
TrCH multiplexing. These radio frames are serially multiplexed into
a coded composite transport channel (CCTrCH)
The format of CCTrCH is indicated by TFCI
TrCH can have different TTI before multiplexing
2 types of CCTrCH:Common and dedicated
Common CCTrCH should be multiplexed by common TrCH;
Dedicated CCTrCH should be multiplexed by dedicated TrCH
There is only one CCTrCH in uplink and one or several CCTrCH in
downlink for one user
All rights reserved
Page 51
Insertion of Discontinuous Transmission (DTX)

Indication Bits
In the downlink, DTX is used to fill up the radio frame with bits.
DTX indication bits only indicate when the transmission should be
turned off, they are not transmitted.
1st insertion of DTX indication bits
This step of inserting DTX indication bits is used only if the
positions of the TrCHs in the radio frame are fixed
2nd insertion of DTX indication bits
The DTX indication bits inserted in this step shall be placed at
the end of the radio frame.
All rights reserved
Page 52
Physical Channel Segmentation and Mapping

When multiple physical channels are used, one CCTrCH radio frame
can be divided into multiple physical frames multicode transmission
Each physical channel of multicode transmission must have the
same SF
DPCCH and DPDCH of uplink physical channel is code multiplexed.
DPCCH and DPDCH of downlink physical channel is time
multiplexed
Uplink physical channel must be fully filled except when cpmpressed
mode is used
In downlink, the PhCHs do not need to be completely filled with bits
that are transmitted over the air. Values correspond to DTX
indicators, which are mapped to the DPCCH/DPDCH fields but are
not transmitted over the air.
All rights reserved
Page 53
Transport channel multiplexing structure for downlink
data
dataCRC dataCRC
CRCdata
CBL
CBL
d CRC
a t a
data
TrCH-i+1
102040 or 80ms
data
data
TrCH-i
0816 or 24bits
dataCRC
CRC
CBL
data
Size Z
CedBL Rate
CedBL
Coded
matched
data
data CedBL
512Ktail Conventional code

5120Ktail Turbo code
Channel Coding
or
Rate matched data
DTX
or
Data
Databefore
after 11stst interleaved
interleaving
Number of Rado frame
Radio frame
Radio frame
124 or 8
Radio frame
TrCH-1
TrCH-1TrCH-2
TrCH-2
DTX
CCTrCHTrCH-ITrCH-I
Ph-1
data1 TPC TFCI data2
Spreading
Scrambling
pilot
Ph-P
Ph-2
10ms
pilot
Spreading
Scrambling
All rights reserved
10ms

Spreading
Scrambling
Page 54
pilot
Example of Coding and Multiplexing

Parameters for
12.2kb/s AMR speech
The number of TrChs
Transport block size

CRC
81, 103, and 60 bits

12 bits (attached only to TrCh#1)
Coding
CC, coding rate = 1/3 for TrCh#1, 2 coding rate =

1/2 for TrCh#3
TTI
20 ms
Parameters for
3.4kb/s control channel
Transport block size
148 bits
Transport block set size
148 bits
CRC
Coding
16 bits
CC, coding rate = 1/3
TTI
40 ms
All rights reserved
Page 55

T ra n sp o rt b lo c k TrC h # 1
C R C atta ch m en t
TrC h # 2
81
TrC h # 3
103
60
CRC
Tail b it attac h m en t
81
12
103
Ta il
C o n v o lu tio n a l
c o d in g R = 1 /3 , 1 /2
93
Ta il
103
R a te m atch in g
303
333
1 st in terle av in g
3 0 3 + N RM 1
3 3 3 + N RM 2
R a d io fram e
se g m en tatio n
3 0 3 + N RM 1
#1a
#1b
N R F1
N R F1
60
Ta il
60
136
1 3 6 + N RM 3
3 3 3 + N RM 2
#2a
N RF2
1 3 6 + N RM3
#2b
N RF2
#3a
#3b
N R F3
N RF3
N R F 1 = (3 0 3 + N R M 1 )/2
N R F 2 = (3 3 3 + N R M 2 )/2
N R F 3 = (1 3 6 + N R M 3 )/2
To T rC h M u ltip le x in g
All rights reserved
Page 56
Example of Coding and Multiplexing(3.4kbps)

T ra n s p o rt b lo c k
148
C R C a tta c h m e n t
C R C
148
T rB k c o n c a tin a tio n
1 6 b its
B T rB k s ( B = 0 ,1 )
164*B
T a il b it a tta c h m e n t
T a il
164*B
C o n v o lu tio n a l
c o d in g R = 1 /3
8*B
516*B
R a te m a tc h in g
In s e rtio n o f
in d ic a tio n *
st
D T X
(5 1 6 + N
in te rle a v in g
R a d io fra m e
s e g m e n ta tio n
#1
[ (1 2 9 + N
R M
)* B + N
R M
)* B
(5 1 6 + N
R M
)* B + N
D I
(5 1 6 + N
R M
)* B + N
D I
#2
D I]
[ (1 2 9 + N
R M
)* B + N
#3
D I]
[ (1 2 9 + N
R M
#4
)* B + N
D I]
[ (1 2 9 + N
R M
)* B + N
D I]
T o T r C h M u ltip le x in g
* I n s e rtio n o f D T X in d ic a tio n is u s e d o n ly if th e p o s itio n o f th e T r C H s in th e ra d io fr a m e is f ix e d .
All rights reserved
Page 57

12.2kbpsdata
#1a
#2a
#1b
12.2kbpsdata
#2b
#1c
#2c
#1a
#2a
#1b
3.4kbpsdata
#2b
#1c
#2c
#1
#2
#3
#4
TrCH
multiplexing
#1a
#1b
#1c
#1
#2a
#2b
#2c
#2
#1a
#1b
#1c
#3
#2a
#2b
#2c
#4
2nd interleaving
Physical channel
mapping
30kspsDPCH
510
1 2
slot
510
15 1 2
CFN=4N
slot
510
15 1 2
CFN=4N+1
slot
510
15 1 2
CFN=4N+2
slot
15
CFN=4N+3
Pilot symbol
All rights reserved
Page 58
TPC

All rights reserved
Page 59
Uplink DPCCH/DPDCH Spreading

The DPCCH is always spread by code cc = Cch,256,0
When only 1 DPDCH exists,(Cd,1 = Cch,SF,k ) k=SF/4
The code used for scrambling of the uplink DPCCH/DPDCH may be of either long
or short type
D P D C H
D P D C H
d ,1
d ,3
c
D P D C H
d ,5
lo n g ,n
or S
s h o rt,n
I+ jQ
D P D C H
D P D C H
D P D C H
d ,2
d ,4
d ,6
Up to 6 DPDCH
for one user
j
c
D P C C H
All rights reserved
Page 60
Uplink PRACH Spreading

Message part is shown in the following figurethe value of
gain factors is the same with DPDCH/DPCCH
cd
PRACH message
data part
PRACH message
control part
cc
Sr-msg,n
I+jQ
All rights reserved
Page 61
Downlink Spreading
Downlink physical channel except SCH is first serial-to-parallel
converted , spread by the spreading code, and then scrambled by a
complex-valued scrambling code.
The beginning chip of the scrambling code is aligned with the frame
boundary of P-CCPCH.
Each channel have different gain factor
I
Data of
physical
channel
except
SCH
S dl,n
S
I+jQ
C ch,SF,m
All rights reserved
Page 62
Downlink Spreading
Different physical
hannel come from point S
G1
G2
P-SCH
GP
S-SCH
GS
All rights reserved
Page 63

All rights reserved
Page 64
Uplink Modulation
The chip rate is 3.84Mbps
In the uplink, the complex-valued chip sequence generated by the
spreading process is QPSK modulated
cos( t)
Complexvalued
sequence
after
spreading
Split
real &
imag
parts
Re{S}
Pulse
shaping
Im{S}
Pulse
shaping
-sin( t)
All rights reserved
Page 65
Downlink Modulation
The chip rate is 3.84Mbps
In the downlink, the complex-valued chip sequence generated by the
spreading process is QPSK modulated
cos( t)
Complexvalued
sequence
after
spreading
Split
real &
imag
parts
Re{S}
Pulse
shaping
Im{S}
Pulse
shaping
-sin( t)
All rights reserved
Page 66

All rights reserved
Page 67
Synchronization ProcedureCell Search

UE uses PSC to acquire slot
synchronization to a cell
Slot synchronization
UE uses SSC to find frame

synchronization and identify the
code group of the cell found in
the first step
Frame synchronization and

code-group identification
UE determines the primary

scrambling code through correlation
over the CPICH with all codes within
the identified group, and then detects
the P-CCPCH and reads BCH
information
Scrambling-code
identification
All rights reserved
Page 68
Synchronization Procedure Channel Timing Relationship

Primary
SCH
Secondary
SCH
Any CPICH
P -CCPCH, (SFN modulo 2) = 0
P -CCPCH, (SFN modulo 2) = 1
S-CCPCH,k
k:th S - CCPCH
PICH
PICH for k:th S
AICH access
slo ts
#0
#1
#2
#3
DPCH,n
#4
-CCPCH
#5
#6
#7
#8
#9
#10
n:th DPCH
10 ms
All rights reserved
Page 69
#11
#12
#13
#14
Random access procedure
START
Choose a RACH sub channel from

available ones
Get available signatures
Set Preamble Retrans Max
Set Preamble _Initial _ Power
No AI
Choose a access slot again
Send a preamble
Check the corresponding AI

Get positive AI
Choose a signature and

increase preamble transmit power
The counter of preamble retransmit
Subtract-1, Commanded preamble power
increased by Power Ramp Step
Get negative AI
Increase message part power by p

-m based on preamble power
Send the corresponding message part
Y
Counter> 0 & Preamble powermaximum allowed power<6 dB
N
Set physical status to be Nack
on AICH received
Set physical status to be RACH

message transmitted
Set physical status to be Nack

on AICH received
Report the physical status to MAC
END
All rights reserved
Page 70
Random Access ProcedureRACH

Physical random access procedure
1. Derive the available uplink access slots, in the next full access
slot set, for the set of available RACH sub-channels within the
given ASC. Randomly select one access slot among the ones
previously determined. If there is no access slot available in the
selected set, randomly select one uplink access slot corresponding
to the set of available RACH sub-channels within the given ASC
from the next access slot set. The random function shall be such
that each of the allowed selections is chosen with equal
probability
2. Randomly select a signature from the set of available signatures
within the given ASC.
3. Set the Preamble Retransmission Counter to Preamble_
Retrans_ Max
All rights reserved
Page 71

4. Set the parameter Commanded Preamble Power to
Preamble_Initial_Power
5. Transmit a preamble using the selected uplink access slot, signature, and
preamble transmission power.
6. If no positive or negative acquisition indicator (AI +1 nor 1)
corresponding to the selected signature is detected in the downlink access
slot corresponding to the selected uplink access slot:
T A: Select the next available access slot in the set of available RACH
sub-channels within the given ASC;
T B: select a signature;
T C: Increase the Commanded Preamble Power;
T D: Decrease the Preamble Retransmission Counter by one. If the
Preamble Retransmission Counter > 0 then repeat from step 6.
Otherwise exit the physical random access procedure.
All rights reserved
Page 72

7. If a negative acquisition indicator corresponding to the selected
signature is detected in the downlink access slot corresponding to
the selected uplink access slot, exit the physical random access
procedure Signature
8. If a positive acquisition indicator corresponding to the selected
signature is detected , Transmit the random access message three
or four uplink access slots after the uplink access slot of the last
transmitted preamble
9. exit the physical random access procedure
All rights reserved
Page 73
Transmit diversity Mode

Application of Tx diversity modes on downlink physical channel
Physical channel type
Open loop mode
Closed loop mode
TSTD
STTD
Mode 1
Mode 2
applied
applied
S-CCPCH
applied
DPCH
applied
applied
applied
PICH
applied
HS-PDSCH
applied
applied
HS-SCCH
applied
AICH
applied
P-CCPCH
SCH
All rights reserved
Page 74
Transmit Diversity-STTD
Space time block coding based transmit antenna diversity(STTD
4 consecutive bits b0, b1, b2, b3 using STTD coding
b0 b1 b2 b3
Antenna 1
b0 b1 b2 b3
Channel bits
-b 2 b 3 b 0 -b 1 Antenna 2
STTD encoded channel bits

for antenna 1 and antenna 2.
All rights reserved
Page 75
Transmit Diversity-TSTD
Time switching transmit diversity (TSTD) is used only on SCH channel.
Slot #0
Slot #1
Slot #14
Slot #2
ac p
(Tx OFF)
acp
ac p
i,0
(Tx OFF)
acsi,2
aci,14
s
Antenna 1
ac s
(Tx OFF)
acp
(Tx OFF)
(Tx OFF)
Antenna 2
(Tx OFF)
i,1
acs
(Tx OFF)
(Tx OFF)
All rights reserved
Page 76
Closed Loop Mode
All rights reserved
Page 77
Transmit DiversityClosed Loop Mode

Closed loop mode transmit diversity
Used in DPCH and PDSCH
Channel coding, interleaving and spreading are done as in nondiversity mode. The spread complex valued signal is fed to both TX
antenna branches, and weighted with antenna specific weight
factors w1 and w2.
The weight factors are determined by the UE, and signalled to the
UTRAN access point (=cell transceiver) using the D-bits of the FBI
field of uplink DPCCH.
The calculation of weight factor is the key point of closed loop Tx
diversity.there are two modes with different calculation methods of
weight factor
T 1mode 1 uses phase adjustmentthe dedicated pilot
symbols of two antennas are different(orthogonal)
T 2mode 2 uses phase/amplitude adjustment the dedicated
pilot symbols of two antennas are the same.
All rights reserved
Page 78
Thank You
www.huawei.com

02 OWA200003 WCDMA Radio Interface Physical Layer (With Comment) ISSUE 1

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

02 OWA200003 WCDMA Radio Interface Physical Layer (With Comment) ISSUE 1

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Internal

WCDMA Radio Interface

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

The physical layer offers data transport services

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Upon completion of this course, you will be

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Chapter 1 Physical Layer Overview

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

UTRAN Protocol Structure

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Radio Interface Protocol Structure

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Radio Interface Protocol Structure

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Radio Interface Protocol Structure

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Radio Interface Protocol Structure

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Primary Scrambling Code

A primary scrambling code and 15 secondary scrambling codes are

All rights reserved

Primary Scrambling Code Group

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Each group consists of 8

Chapter 1 Physical Layer Overview

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Chapter 2 Physical Layer Key Technology

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

WCDMA radio interface has three kinds of channels

All rights reserved

Common traffic channel

Broadcast control channel

Paging control channel

Dedicate control channel

Common control channel

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

-DCH is an uplink or downlink channel

Forward access channel

Random access channel

High-speed downlink shared channel

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Frequency, Code, Phase