CHAPTER 1

BIOLOGY AND ITS MAJOR FIELDS

MCQs
1.

2.

The branch of biology that deals with the study of organisms inhabiting seas and
oceans is called
a)
Marine biology
b)
Environmental biology
c)
Fresh water biology
d)
None of these
Plasmodium was discovered by
a)
b)
c)
d)

Pasteur
Lavaran
Ross
Linnaeus

3.

Chemotherapy is the treatment of cancer with

4.

a)
Drugs
b)
Radiations
c)
Vaccines
d)
Both b & c
Ferns flourished during the Permian and ___________ era

5.

a)
Carboniferous
b)
Triassic
c)
Jurassic
d)
Silurian
Somatic cell is represented by

6.

a)
Egg cell
b)
Sperm
c)
Body cell
d)
Both a & b
All of the following diseases can be controlled by vaccines except:
a)
b)
c)
d)

7.

The first cloned mammal was a

a)
b)
c)
d)

8.

Measles
Mumps
Rabies
Cancer

Mouse
Goat
Sheep
Cow

Five-kingdom system of classification was proposed by

a)
b)
c)
d)

Whittaker
Linnaeus
Robert Brown
Edward Jenner

9.

Phyletic lineage means:

Evolutionary history of an organism
Arranging an organism in taxonomic category
Sequence of taxonomic categories
Study of fossils

10.

A statement that gives tentative explanation of observation is called:

a)

11.

Hypothesis

b)

Deduction

c)

Principle

d) Law

A large regional community determined by climate is called:

a)
Ecosphere
b. Biosphere c) Biome d) Ecosystem
Which organisms are being used as bio-pesticide?
a)
Viruses
b) Fungi
c) Bacteria d) Protozoa

12.
13.

Plants having foreign DNA incorporated into their calls are called:
a) Transgenic plants b) Eugenic plants c) Hybrids d) Genic plants

14.

Production of genetically identical copies of cells or organism by asexual

reproduction is called:
a) Genetic engineering b) Cloning

15.

c) Copying d) Biotechnology

The technique used to test whether certain nutrient is essential for plant or not is
termed as:
a) tissue-culture technique

16.

b) Hydroponics c) Culturing d) Nutrition

Vaccination was first discovered by:

a)
c)

Edward Jenner
Linnaeus

b)
d)

Louis Pasteur
Robert Koch

17.

Which types of observations have more accuracy?

18.

a) Qualitative b) Quantitative c) Tentative d) All are equal

Which of the following is not a viral disease?
a)

Cow pox b) Small pox

19.

Which of the following is not related to cloning?

a)
b)

Formation of embryo
Replacement of the nucleus of Zygote by another nucleus of the same
organism
The individual organisms have similar genetic make up.
Formation of identical twins

c)
d)
20

c) Mumps

d) Cholera

Which one is the highest level of organization?

a) Species
b) Population c) Community d) Genus

ANSWERS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.

a
b
a
b
c
c
c
a
a
a
c
c
a
b
b
a
a
b
a
c

SHORT QUESTIONS
CH # 1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.

Differentiate between marine biology and fresh water biology?

What is the difference between evolution and paleontology?
Give differences between prokarytotic and Eukaryotic cells?
How coordination occurs in animals?
What is biome? How biome of a region is determined?
How the age of the fossils is determined?
Define biodiversity?
What is a phyletic lineage?
Differentiate between deductive and inductive reasoning?
How transgenic plants are formed?
What is biological control? Give an example.
What is hydroponic culture technique? Is it practicable?
What is radiotherapy?
How the faulty genes are repaired?
Define a clone.
Briefly discuss the procedure of cloning?
Some algae and bacteria reduce the pollution. Name the process and give
examples.
18.
What are endangered species?
19.
Name various levels of biological organization.
20. What are the features that distinguish living organisms from non-living things?

CHAPTER 2
UNITY OF LIFE
MCQs
1.

The amount of carbohydrates in a mammalian cell is:

a)
b)
c)
d)

2%
3%
4%
5%

2.

All of the following are disaccharides except

3.

a)
Maltose
b)
Sucrose
c)
Galactose
d)
Lactose
Glycogen is the principal carbohydrate reserve in

4.

5.

6.

a)
Plants
b)
Bacteria
c)
Animals
d)
Both a & b
Insulin is made of 51 amino acids arranged in two polypeptide chains. One chain
contains 21 amino acids and the other contains:
a) 20 amino acids
b) 25 amino acids
c) 30 amino acids
d) 35 amnio acids
Lipids differ from carbohydrates in that they contain a much smaller proportion
of:
Hydrogen
Carbon
Oxygen
d)
Nitrogen
Phospholipids contain:
2 fatty acids
3 fatty acids
5 fatty acids
d)
4 fatty acids

7.

Cytosine and guanine are linked by:

2 hydrogen bonds
4 hydrogen bonds
6 hydrogen bonds
3 hydrogen bonds

8.

NAD is a:
Mononucleotide
Dinucleotide
Polynucleotide
d)
None of these

9.

Who first determined the sequence of amino acids in a protein molecule?

F. Sanger
W. S. Sutton
Beadle
Watson

10.

These are formed by a combination of proteins and carbohydrates:

Glycoproteins
Glycolipid
Lipoprotein
Nucleoproteins

11.

Glycolipids & glycoproteins are called:

a)
c)

12.

Prothetic molecules b)
compound molecule d)

The termSaccharides is derived from the word Sakcharon, meaning:

a) Sugar b)

13.

Greek b)

b)

b) glucose

3 Cornered ring
5 - cornered ring

Spanish

d) French

bacteria

c)

fungi

d)

Higher plants

c) galactose

d) Ribulose

(b)
(d)

4 cornered ring
6-cornered ring

Our blood contains normally _____ glucose.

b) 1.8 %

c) 0.8 %

d) 2.8 %

Formation of RNA from DNA is called:

a) Translation

19.

c)

Ribofuranose is a:

a) 0.08 %
18.

d) Soil

The most abundant hexose sugar in nature is:

a)
c)
17.

Latin

Viruses

a) Fructose
16.

c) amino acid

Tetroses occur in:

a)

15.

Salt

The word Sakcharon is derived from:

a)

14.

Conjugated molecules
Complex molecules

b) Trancription

c) Translocation

d) Transduction

Rubber is an example of:

a)

Proteins

b) Terpenoids

c)

Carbohydrates

Which one is a fibrous protein?

a) Enzyme b) Hormone c) Keratin d) Antibody

d) Steroids

ANSWERS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.

c
c
c
c
c
a
d
b
a
a
b
a
a
b
b
c
a
b
b
c

CH # 2
SHORT QUESTIONS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.

Differentiate between catabolism and anabolism.

Give some properties of monosaccharides.
Draw ring shaped structures of Ribose and glucose.
Differentiate between amylose and amylopectin starch.
How can you Differentiate starch from glycogen?
What is an ester?
What is the chemical composition of phospholipids?
What important roles do lipids play in living organisms?
Give some important functions of proteins.
Differentiate between fibrous and globular proteins.
Name the three types of RNAs.
What is the function of t RNA ?
Define conjugated molecules.
Differentiate between DNA and RNA
What do you know about sickle-cell haemoglobin?

CHAPTER 3
ENZYMES
MCQs
1.

The non-protein part needed by an enzyme for its normal functioning is called:
a)

2.

3.

Cofactor

b)

Co-enzyme

c)

Prosthetic group d) All

The catalytic activity of an enzyme is restricted to its:

a)
Binding site
b)
Active site
c)
Surface site
d)
None of them
The energy required for a chemical reaction to start is known as:
a)
b)
c)
d)

Enthalpy
Activation
Entropy
Starting

4.

A molecule of ATP is structurally most similar to a molecule of:

RNA nucleotide
Amino acid
DNA nucleotide
Fatty acid

5.

Lock and key model regarding the substrate and enzyme interaction was proposed
by:
a)
Emil Ficher
b)
Robert koch
c)
Koshland
d)
Robert Brown

6.

Which of the following does not affect enzyme activity?

7.

a) pH b) Temperature c) Oxygen d) Enzyme concentration

Extreme changes in pH break bonds in the enzyme, causing its:
a)
b)
c)
d)

8.

Saturation
Inhibition
Denaturation
Desaturation

What sort of medium is required by an enzyme for its activity?

Dry medium
Aqueous medium
Saturated
All

9.

Enyzmes are ____ in nature:

a) Protein b)

10.

Carbohydrates c) Lipids d) Vitamins

Without enzymes the reaction will proceed at very ____ speed.

a) Low b)

Moderate c) High d) Extremely high

11.

The kind and sequence of aminoin a protein forms its:

a)
b)
c)
d)

12.

Which one is an activator?

a)

13.
14.

Primary structure
Secondary structure
Tertiary structure
Quaternary structure

H+

b)

Cu+

The optimum pH for pepsin is:

a) 1.00
b) 2.00
c)

b) co-enzyme c) holoenzyme d) Activator

apoenzyme

b) Antibodies c) Anti-metabolites d) All

Fluid mosaic model b)

Key and lock model. d)

unit membrane model

Both a & b

Induced fit model was proposed by:

a) Koshland b) Fischer

20.

c) activator d) None of these

Emil Fisher (1890) proposed:

a)
c)

19.

b) co-enzyme c) activator d) Holoenzyme

Which is aa example of enzyme inhibitor?

a) Cyanide

18.

3.00

An enzyme with its co-enzyme or prosthetic group removed is designated as:

a) holoenzyme b)

17.

CO2

The Covalently-bonded, non-protein part of an enzyme is called:

a) Prosthetic group

16.

HCO3- d)

The detachable co-factor is known as:

a) Prosthetic group

15.

c)

c) Franklin d) Watson

If the amount of enzyme is increased by two folds, the reaction rate is:
a)
b)
c)
d)

Reduced to half
Doubled
kept constant
Undergoes no change

CHAPTER 3
ENZYMES
ANSWERS
1. d
2. b
3. b
4 c
5. a
6. c
7. c
8. b
9. a
10. a
11. a
12. b
13. b
14. c
15. a
16. b
17 d
18. a
19. a
20. b

SHORT QUESTIONS
Ch # 3
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

What is the composition of enzymes?

What is the damaging effect of pepsin?
Give some characteristics of enzymes?
What is lock and key model?
What is active site?
How enzyme concentration effects enzyme action?
Define optimum PH?
What are competitive inhibitors?
Define non- competitive inhibitors?
What is induced fit hypothesis?
What is activation energy?
What is meant by feed back inhibition?

CHAPTER 4
THE CELL
MCQs
1.

The resolving power of an electron microscope is how much greater than the
resolving power of a light microscope?
a)
b)
c)
d)

2.

One hundred times

One thousand times
One million times
Twenty times

Which of the following molecules show regular movement from nucleus to

cytoplasm?
DNA
Glycogen
RNA
Protein

3.

Which of the following cellular organelle are responsible for breaking complex
molecules like proteins and polysaccharides?
a)
b)
c)
d)

Lysosomes
Mitochondrion
R.E.R
Ribosomes

4.

Proteins which are to be used outside the cell are manufactured:

on free ribosomes
on R.E.R
in mitochondria
in plastids

5.

The cellular organelles that are involved in transformation of energy are called:
a)
b)
c)
d)

6.

chromoplasts and leucoplasts

mitochondria and leucoplasts
mitochondria and chloroplasts
chloroplasts and ribosomes

The main light absorbing pigment in land plants is:

Xanthophyll
Chlorophyll
Phycoblin
Plastocyanin

7.

Plant cells are connected by channels through their walls termed as:
a)
b)
c)
d)

Plasmodesmata
Sieve-tubes
desmosomes
Mesosomes

8.

In fluid mosaic model, the phospholipid bilayer:

is enclosed in single protein layer
is sandwitched between two protein layers
has proteins embedded in it
is absent

9.

Which of the following does not increase the rate of diffusion?

a)
b)
c)
d)

10.

Increasing temperature of the fluid

Decreasing size of the molecules
Increasing the size of the molecules
Decreasing concentration of the molecule

If animal cell is placed in pure water, what will happen to the cell?
Cell will shrink and die due to exosmosis
No change will be observed
Cell will swell and burst due to endosmosis
All the cells energy will be used to prevent the movement of water molecules into
the cell.

11.

Pressure exerted on a plant cell wall due to osmotic movement of water is termed
as:
a)
b)
c)
d)

12.

Which of the following substances does not enter the cells through membrane
proteins or by endocytosis?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

13.

Osmotic pressure
Hypertonic pressure
Turgor pressure
Hypotonic pressure

Amino acids
O2 (oxygen)
Glucose
Proteins

The process by which a unicellular organism, engulfs food particle by enclosing it

within a pseudopodium and then packaging it in a membrane bounded vacuole is
known as:
phagocytosis
pinocytosis
monocytosis
exocytosis

14.

Detoxification of harmful drugs is characteristic of:

a)
b)
c)
d)

S.E.R
R.E.R
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes

15.

Which type of cell would be probably the most appropriate in study of

chloroplast?
a)
b)
c)
d)

16.

Epidermal cells
Cortical cells
Photosynthetic cells
Parenchyma cells

One of the following is not double-membrane structure:

Chloroplast
Nucleus
Vacuole
Mitochondria

17.

Drosophila melanogaster is commonly called:

a)
b)
c)
d)

18.

Cadis fly
Fruit fly
House fly
Butter fly

These are involved in phagocytic activity:

Ribosomes
Mesosome
Lysosomes
Chromosomes

19.

Accumulation of lipids in the body cells causes:

a)
b)
c)
d)

20.

Glycogenosis type II
Tay sachs disease
Nervous disease
Glycogenosis type I

Which of the following is not related to chloroplast?

Granum
ATP
Photolysis of H2O
Protein synthesis

CHAPTER 4
THE CELL
ANSWERS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.

One thousand times

RNA
Lysosomes
On R.E.R
Mitochondria and chloroplast
Chlorophyll
Plasmodesmata
Has proteins embedded in it
Increasing the size of molecules
Cell will swell up and burst due to endosmosis
Turgor pressure
O2 (oxygen)
Phagocytosis
S.E.R
Photosynthatic cells
Vacuole
fruit fly
Lysosome
Tay Sachs disease
Protein synthesis

SHORT QUESTIONS
CH # 4
1.
Differentiate between primary and secondary cell wall?
2.
What is meant by endoplasmic Reticulam?
3.
Give functions of SER?
4.
Give functions of RER?
5.
Give functions of Golgi complex?
6.
Give a brief account of glycogenosis type II?
7.
What is the cause of Tay-sachs disease?
8.
Give functions of glyoxisomes?
9.
Give functions of microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate
filaments?
10.
In which parts of a plant are chromoplasts and leucoplasts found?
11.
Differentiate between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell?
12.
What is centrifugation?
13.
Give salient features of cell theory.
14.
Briefly describe the structure of nucleolus.
15.
What are the functions of vacuole?

CHAPTER 5
BIODIVERSITY
MCQs
1.

The branch of biology which deals with the classification of organisms is called:
a)
b)
c)
d)

2.

The basic principle of classification is:

a)
b)
c)
d)

3.

Linnaeus
Aristotle
Theophrastus
Pasteur

The cell wall of fungi is made of:

a)
b)
c)
d)

7.

Fabaceae
Rosaceae
Poaceae
Solanaceae

Who divided living organism into two kingdoms, kingdom plantae and kingdom
animalia?
a)
b)
c)
d)

6.

The true genetic relationships of organisms

Morphological features of organisms
Physiological features of organisms
Both b and c

Zea mays belongs to the family:

a)
b)
c)
d)

5.

Cytology
Homology
Analogy
Physiology

A natural system of classification is based on:

a)
b)
c)
d)

4.

Physiology
Taxonomy
Ecology
Genetics

Murein
Cellulose
Chitin
Hemicellulose

The five kingdom system of classification was modified by:

a)
b)
c)
d)

Robert Whittaker
Linnaeus
Margulis and Schwartz
Robert Koch

8.

TMV was first isolated by:

a)
b)
c)
d)

9.

HIV is ______________ in shape:

a)
b)
c)
d)

10.

Cubical
Elongated
Spherical
Irregular

Euglena lies in the kingdom:

a)
b)
c)
d)

11.

Robert koch
Stanley
Pasteur
Linnaeus

`Fungi
Monera
Plantae
Protista

The lowest taxonomic category is:

a) Species

12.

Biological name of corn is:

a)
b)
c)
d)

13.

b) Tribe c) kingdom d) Order

Solanum nigrum
Zea mays
Lathyrus odoratus
Cassia fistula

Corn, rice and wheat belong to family:

15.

a)
Poaceae
b)
Solanaceae
c)
Malvaceae
d)
Fabaceae
Binomial nomenclature was introduced by:
a)
Earnst Haeckel
b)
Robert Whittaker
c)
Carolus Linnaeous
d)
Louis Pasteur
Lycopersicum esculentum is the scientific name of:

16.

a)
Potato
b)
Tomato
c)
Tobacco
d)
Turnip
Influenza, hepatitis and small pox are related to:

14.

a)
b)
c)
d)

Bacteria
Viruses
Fungi
Protozoa

17.

The word virus means:

a)
b)
c)
d)

18.

Poisonous fluid
Disease
Death
Bad air

The filterable agent was first purified by:

a)
b)
c)
d)

Twort in 1915
Stomeley in 1835
Stanley in 1935
Stacey in 1939

19.

Which of the following are obligate parasites?

20.

Bacteria
Viruses
Protozoans
d)
Fungi
Virion is composed of.
a)
b)
c)
d)

Genome and capsid

Capsid and capsomere
Genome and nucleocapsid
None of these

ANSWERS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.

b
b
a
c
a
c
c
b
c
d
a
b
a
c
b
b
a
c
b
a

SHORT QUESTION
CH # 5
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Name five kingdoms of the present system of classification. Who proposed this
system?
What are viruses?
What do you know about prions?
What are retroviruses?
What is reverse transcriptase?
Write down the symptoms of hepatitis?
Differentiate between homologous and analogous structures?
How can a virus multiply in its host?
What are capsomeres? How many capsomeres are present in herpes virus and
adenovirus?
Give characteristics of viruses.

CHAPTER 6
KINGDOM PROKARYOTAE (Monera)
MCQs
1.

Microorganisms were discovered by:

2.

a)
Leeuwenhoek
b)
Lederberg
c)
Darwin
d)
Linnaeus
Cell wall in bacteria is made of:

3.

a)
Cellulose
b)
Chitin
c)
Murein
d)
Silica
When a group of flagella is present at one end, the bacteria are called:

4.

a)
Lophotrichous
b)
Amphitrichous
c)
Peritrichous
d)
Atrichous
These are round or spherical in shape:

5.

a)
Cocci
b)
Bacilli
c)
Spirilla
d)
Both b & c
Spirochete is:

6.

a)
Anaerobic
b)
Aerobic
c)
Facultative aerobe
d)
Obligate aerobe
It is the process of absorption of DNA into a cell:
a)
b)
c)
d)

Transdution
Transformation
Translocation
Transcription

7.

It is temporary immunity:

8.

a)
Active immunity
b)
Passive immunity
c)
Innate immunity
d)
None of these
Cyanobacteria contain reserve food in the form of:
a)
b)
c)
d)

Starch
Lipid
Glycogen
Proteins

9.

All are examples of cyanobacteria except:

a)
b)
c)
d)

10.

Purple sulphur bacteria are:

a)
b)
c)
d)

11.

Nostoc
Spirogyra
Anabaena
Rivularia

Photosynthetic
Chemosynthetic
Parasitic
Saprophytic

The two major categories of bacteria are:

a)
b)
c)
d)

Eubacteria and archaebacteria

Eubacteria and Cyanobacteria
Monotrichous becteria and atrichous bactria
Atrichous bacteria and eubacteria

12.

He developed vaccines for anthrax:

13.

a)
Robert Hooke
b)
Robert Koch
c)
Louis Pasteur
d)
Stanley
It is about 1.1 to 1.5 m wide and 2 5 long:
Epulopiscium fishelsoni
Escherichia coli
Streptococci
d)
Staphylobacilli

14.

When the division of bacterium is in three planes, it will

produce ____ arrangement:
a)
b)
c)
d)

15.

Sarcina
Tetrad
streptococccus
Diplobacillus

Escherichia coli is an example of:

cocci
spirilla
bacilli
d)
none of these

16.

The example of sprilla is:

a)
b)
c)
d)

Pseudomonas
Vibrio
Staphylococcus
Streptococcus

17.

Amphitrichous is a condition when:

Flagella surround the whole cell.
Tuft of flagella is present at each pole
Single flagellum is present on one side
d)
Flagella are absent

18.

It provides greater pathogenicity to bacteria:

a)
b)
c)
d)

19.

Slime
Capsule
Cell wall
Plasmid

Flagella are made of:

Proteins

20.

b) Carbohydrates

Bacterial cell wall lacks:

a)
b)
c)
d)

peptidoglycan
Techoic acid
Steroids like cholesterol
Proteins

c)

Lipids

d) Calcium

ANSWERS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.

a
c
a
a
a
b
b
c
b
a
a
c
b
a
c
b
b
a
a
c

SHORT QUESTION
CH # 6
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
photosynthesis?
12.
13.
14.
15.

Give two major categories of bacteria?

Give postulates of germ theory of disease?
Name the structures present in a bacterial cell?
What is the general shape of bacteria?
Differentiate between Spirillum and spirochete?
Give classes of bacteria on the basis of flagella?
What are pilli? Give their chemical composition?
What is the function of pilli?
Give chemical composition of bacterial cell wall?
What are cysts? How they differ from spores?
Differentiate bacterial photosynthesis from a plant
Give different phases of bacterial growth curve?
Give ecological importance of bacteria?
Give ecological importance of cyanobacteria?
Differentiate between transduction and transformation?

CHAPTER 7
THE KINGDOM PROTISTA
MCQs
1.

Trypanosoma belongs to the class:

a)
b)
c)
d)

2.

The locomotory organs in mastigophora are:

a)
b)
c)
d)

3.

Mastigophora
Sarcodina
Sporozoa
Ciliata

Flagella
Pseudopodia
Cilia
None of these

Asexual stage of plasmodium occurs in:

a)
b)
c)
d)

Man
Anopheles
Cats
Cows

4.

It is the largest of the four protozoan phyla:

5.

a)
Mastigophora
b)
Sporozoa
c)
Ciliata
d)
Flagellata
These are shelled protozoa:
a)
b)
c)
d)

Foraminifera
Sporozoa
Ciliata
Mastigophora

6.

The bodies of chytrids are:

7.

a)
Haploid
b)
Diploid
c)
Triploid
d)
Both b & c
Most of the oomycota live in:
a)
b)
c)
d)

8.

Water
Air
Soil
Other organisms

These have silica impregnated walls:

a)
b)
c)
d)

Oomycota
Slime molds
Diatoms
Flagellates

9.

These have two lateral flagella:

a)
b)
c)
d)

Euglenophyta
Chrysophyta
Pyrrophyta
Rhodophyta

10.

Phytophthora causes late blight of:

11.

a)
Tomatoes
b)
Citrus
c)
Potatoes
d)
Mango
Algae differ from plants in that the sex organs in algae are.
a) unicellular b)

12.

Multicellular c)

b)
d)

Brown algae
Diatoms

Chlamy domonas
Ulva

b)
d)

Volvox
Chlorella

Chitin b)

Lignin c)

Plasmodium

d)

Plasma

Cellulose
Silica

b)
d)

Calcium
Sodium

True molds b)
Slime molds d)

True fungi
Water molds

Ciliata
b)
Apicomplexa d)

Flagellate
Diatoms

The largest brown algae are called:

a)

20.

Red algae
Green algae

Plasimodium belongs to.

a)
c)

19.

Red algae

Myxomycota are also called:

a)
c)

18.

d)

Shells of actinopods are made of:

a)
c)

17.

Euglenoids

The feeding stage of a slime mold is called:

a)

16.

c)

Which of the following is called sea lettuce?

a)
c)

15.

Diatoms

Polysiphonia is a representative of:

a)
c)

14.

d) Sub-cellular

Algae with a two-halved shell belong to:

a) Brown algae b)

13.

Acellular

Diatoms

b)

Kelps

c)

Dinoflagellates

d) None of these

Chlorella belongs to:

a)

Rhodophyta

b)

Phaeophyta

c)

Chlorophyta

d) Diatoms

ANSWERS
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
16)
17)
18)
19)
20)

a
a
a
b
a
a
a
c
c
c
a
b
c
c
c
c
c
c
b
c

SHORT QUESTION
CH # 7
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Name various groups of protozoa.

What are apicomplexans? Give examples.
Give functions of contractile vacuole?
What are kelps?
What is Trichonympha?
Give main features of ciliates?
What are foraminiferans and actinopods?
Give characteristic of Dinoflagellates.
What are slime molds?
Give features of water molds?

CHAPTER 8
THE KINGDOM FUNGI
MCQs
1.

Study of fungi is called

2.

a)
Phycology
b)
Mycology
c)
Parasitology
d)
Fungology
They are important as bio-indicators of pollution:

3.

a)
Algae
b)
Fungi
c)
Lichens
d)
Bacteria
Mucor belongs to the phylum:

4.

a)
Ascomycota
b)
Basidiomycata
c)
Zygomycota
d)
Deuteromycota
These are flagellated spores:

5.

a)
Aplanospores
b)
Zoospores
c)
Conidia
d)
Chlamydospores
Ustilago tritici causes loose smut of:
a)
b)
c)
d)

Maize
Wheat
Rice
Citrus

6.

All the following are edible fungi except:

7.

a)
Morchella
b)
Rhizopus
c)
Agaricus
d)
Tuber
Dandruff is caused by:

8.

a)
Microsporum
b)
Polyporus
c)
Alternaria
d)
Aspergillus
Compact masses of hyphae forming pseudo-tissue are called:

9.

a)
Spermatia
b)
Sclerotia
c)
Oidia
d)
Conidia
Cup fungi are placed in:
a)
b)
c)

Zygomycota
Ascomycota
Basidiomycota

10.

d)
Deuteromycota
There are about_____________ species of fungi:
a)
b)
c)
d)

11.

Which of the following is a feature of fungi?

a)
c)

12.

B)

Ergot c)

Penicillin d) terramycin

Ustilago
Aspergillus

b)
d)

Penicillium
Rhizopus

Which of the following is important as bio-indiator of air pollution?

a)

15.

Lovastatin

Aflatoxin is produced by a species of:

a)
c)

14.

Autotrophs
b)
Ingestive heterotrophs
Absorptive heterotrophs
d)
None of these

Which one is used for lowering blood cholesrerol?

a)

13.

70000
80000
90000
10000

Fungi b)

Lichens

c)

Bacteria

Ustilago tritici is the cause of:

a)
c)

Loose smut of rice

b)
Loose smut of wheat d)

Black smut of wheat

Loose rust of rice

d)

Viruses

ANSWER
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)

b
c
c
b
b
a
a
b
b
c
c
a
c
a
c

SHORT QUESTIONS
CH # 8
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

Define nuclear mitosis?

What is hypha? Give its types?
Name various classes of fungi?
Differentiate between rust and smut?
What is ecological importance of fungi?
Give some uses of yeasts?
What is histoplasmosis?
What are lichens?
What are mycorrhizae?
How are conidia formed?
Differentiate between asci and basidia.
Name some human diseases caused by fungi.

CHAPTER 9
THE KINGDOM PLANTAE
MCQs
1.

The most primitive group of vascular plants is:

2.

a)
Psilopsida
b)
Lycopsida
c)
Pteropsida
d)
Sphenopsida
It is called peat moss:

3.

a)
Polytrichum
b)
Funaria
c)
Sphagnum
d)
Marchantia
The simplest bryophytes are:

4.

a)
Hornworts
b)
Liverworts
c)
Mosses
d)
None of these
The sex organs are partly sunken in the gametophytic tissue in:

5.

a)
Hepaticae
b)
Musci
c)
Anthocerotae
d)
Both a & b
Psilotum and Tmesipteris are the living members of:

6.

a)
Psilopsida
b)
Sphenopsida
c)
Pteropsida
d)
Lycopsida
Lycopsida are commonly called:

7.

a)
Club Mosses
b)
Peat Mosses
c)
Water Mosses
d)
Fern Mosses
The plants of this phylum are also called arthrophytes:

8.

a)
Lycopsida
b)
Sphenopsida
c)
Pteropsida
d)
Psilopsida
All of the following produce archegonia except:

9.

a)
Ferns
b)
Angiosperms
c)
Gymnosperms
d)
Bryophytes
Endosperm tissue in the seed is:
a)
b)
c)
d)

Haploid
Diploid
Triploid
Tetraploid

10.

Prunus belongs to the family:

11.

a)
Rosaceae
b)
Poaceae
c)
Solanaceae
d)
Fabaceae
Family solanaceae contains about _____________ genera:

12.

a)
70
b)
85
c)
90
d)
95
The botanical name of sheesham is:
a)
b)
c)
d)

Lathyrus odoratus
Dalbergia sisso
Arachis hypogea
Rosa indica

13.

The fruit of Tamarindus indica is rich in:

14.

a)
Acetic acid
b)
Tartaric acid
c)
Oxalic acid
d)
Butyric acid
Megaphylls are found in:
a)

15.

Four cells
six cells

b)
d)

Pinus

Five cells
seven cells

Embryo
Fruit

b)
d)

Endosperm
Both a & c

Pyrus b)

Malus c)

Prunus

d)

All

Bryophytes

b)

Algae c)

Angiosperms d)

Tomato belongs to the family:

a)
c)

20.

Lycopodium d)

Double fertilization is found only in:

a)

19.

c)

Which one is a member of family Rosaceae?

a)

18.

Rhynia

Fusion nucleus after fertilization develops into:

a)
c)

17.

b)

The female gametophyte in angiospesms contains:

a)
c)

16.

Psilotum

Rosaceae
Poaceae

b)
d)

Solanaceae
Mimosaceae

Which of the following is not a step in the evolution of leaf?

a)
c)

Planation
Webbing

b)
d)

Topping
Rupturing

Gymnosperms

ANSWERS
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
16)
17)
18)
19)
20)

a
c
b
c
a
a
b
b
c
a
c
b
b
d
d
b
d
c
b
d

SHORT QUESTIONS
CH # 9
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

What is phylogenetic system of classification?

Define alternation of generations?
Give features of liverworts?
What are anthocerotae?
Give main features of the most primitive group of tracheophytes?
What steps were involved in the evolution of megaphylls?
What are the main features of arthrophytes?
What were the main steps involved in the evolution of seed?
Define double fertilization?
Differentiate between monocots and dicots.
Give economic importance of family Poaceae.
How growth of sporophyte takes place in anthocerotae?

MCQs
CHAPTER 10
1.

Which of the following are not included in grade bilateria?

a)
b)
c)
d)

2.

The animals having bilateral symmetry in their larval stage but radial symmetry in
adult form are included in phylum:
a)
b)
c)
d)

3.

7.

8.

Coelom is formed due to splitting of mesoderm

Mouth arises from blast pore or its anterior margin
Cleavage of zygote is spiral and determinate
Mesoderm is derived from wall of the developing gut

Inner lining of the body wall of sponges is made up of:

a)
b)
c)
d)

6.

It develops from the blastocoel of the embryo

It is not lined with coelomic epithelium
It has no relation with reproductive and excretory organs
All of the above

Which of the following is characteristic feature of series deuterostomia?

a)
b)
c)
d)

5.

Aschelminthes
Echinodermata
Mollusca
Platyhelminthes

Pseudocoelom is not homologous to true coelom because:

a)
b)
c)
d)

4.

Coelenterata
Annelida
Nematoda
Mollusca

Choanocytes
Nematocytes
Pinacocytes
Cnidocytes

Which one is an example of fresh water sponge?

a)
Euplectella
b)
Leucosolenia
c)
Sycon
d)
Spongilla
Jelly-like layer between ectoderm and endoderm of the body wall of coelenterates
is called:
a)
Parenchyma
b)
Mesenchyma
c)
Mesoglea
d)
Mesoderm
Nutritive zooids of the coelenterate colony are called:
a)
b)
c)

Dactylozooids
Gastrozooids
Gonozoids

d)
9.

Which of the following belongs to phylum cnidaria?

a)
b)
c)
d)

10.

65%
75%
85%
50%

Which of the following respires by book lungs?

a)
b)
c)
d)

16.

Polychaeta
Hirudinea
Bivalvia
Oligochaeta

Arthropoda constitutes about_____________ of the animal kingdom:

a)
b)
c)
d)

15.

Liver fluke
Tape worm
Hook worm
Pin worm

Which of the following is not a class of phylum annelida?

a)
b)
c)
d)

14.

One nerve cord

Two nerve cords
Three nerve cords
Four nerve cords

The common name of Fasciola hepatica is:

a)
b)
c)
d)

13.

Adhesive organs like hooks and suckers

Resistant cuticle
Simplified digestive system
All of the above

Nerve ring surrounding the pharynx of the nematodes gives rise to:
a)
b)
c)
d)

12.

Jelly fish
Sea anemone
Physalia
All of the above

Which of the following is an adaptation for parasitic mode of life in

platyhelminthes?
a)
b)
c)
d)

11.

None of the above

Insects
Crustaceans
Arachnids
Myriapods

Sleeping sickness is caused by:

a)
b)
c)
d)

Plasmodium
Entamoeba
Trypanosoma
Water Flea

17.

A respiratory pigment of blue colour in cephalopods is:

a)
b)
c)
d)

18.

Madreporites are the sieve-like plates through which water enters the water
vascular system of:
a)
b)
c)
d)

19.

Molluscs
Arthropods
Echinoderms
Coelentrates

Which of the following characteristics is not similar between echinoderms and

chordates?
a)
b)
c)
d)

20.

Hemoglobin
Haemocyanin
Melanin
Phycocyanin

Water vascular system

Formation of anus from the blastopore
Biochemical pecularities
Radial cleavage during the development of embryos

Liver oil of _____________ contains vitamin A and vitamin D:

a)
b)
c)
d)

Trout
Perch
Shark
Dog fish

ANSWERS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.

Coelentrata
Echinodermata
All of the above
Mesodeerm is derived from wall of the developing gut
Choanocytes
Spongilla
Mesoglea
Gastrozooid
All of the above
All of the above
Four nerve cords
Liver fluke
Bivalvia
75%
Arachnids
trypansoma
Haemocyanin
Echinoderms
Water vascular system
Shark

SHORT QUESTIONS
CH # 10
Differentiate between parazoa & metazoa?
What is the Difference between radial & bilateral symmetry?
Define spiral & determinate cleavage?
Differentiate between diploblastic and triploblastic organization?
What are acoelomates, pseudocoelomates and coelomates?
What are zooids? Name various zooids found in phylum cnidaria?
What are coral reefs?
Write a few lines on liver fluke?
Name the classes of phylum annelida ?
What are the distinguishing features of phylum arthropoda?
What is metamorphosis?
What is mantle?
What is radula?
Discuss water vascular system in echinodermata.
Give features of Archaeopteryx?
Name the three classes of Pisces?
Give affinities of echinodermates with hemichordates.
What are placental mammals?

CHAPTER 12
MCQs
1.

Lack of chlorophyll in plants causes:

a)
b)
c)
d)

2.

Release of nitrates by saprophytic bacteria helps in:

a)
b)
c)
d)

3.

Phospholipids
Hormones
Sugar
Digestive enzymes

Energy is stored in liver and muscles in the form of:

a)
b)
c)
d)

7.

Cynobacteria
Brown algae
Green algae
Dinoflagellates

The traps of carnivorous plants contain:

a)
b)
c)
d)

6.

Blue light
Apoplast
Soil H2O
Sodium

Organisms which fix nitrogen in aquatic habitats are:

a)
b)
c)
d)

5.

Oxygen cycle
Nitrogen cycle
Carbon cycle
None of them

Mineral uptake by a terrestrial plant is limited by insufficient:

a)
b)
c)
d)

4.

Etiolation
Symbiosis
Chlorosis
All of the above

Fat
Cholesterol
Glycogen
Amino acids

Which of the following vegetarian meals will supply all essential amino acid in
about the correct proportions for synthesizing human proteins?
a)
b)
c)
d)

Corn and rice

Peas and beans
Beans and rice
Beans and spinach

8.

It is a detritivore:
a)

9.

b) Earthworm c) Frog

d)

Millipede

Digestion that takes place within the digestive tract is:

a)
b)
c)
d)

10.

Snail

Intracellular digestion
Intercellular digestion
Extracellular digestion
Both a & b

Salivary amylase in saliva brings about digestion of:

Carbohydrates
Proteins
Vitamins and minerals
Fats

11.

Intestinal gas is the product of:

a)
b)
c)
d)

12.

Intestinal bacteria
Undigested meat
Vitamin fermentation
Irritated intestinal cells

The reddish brown colour of the normal faeces is due to:

Sloughed off cells from the digestive tract
Dead bacteria
Undigested plant material
Hemoglobin

13.

Insufficient quality or quantity of bile secretion is the cause of:

a)
b)
c)
d)

14.

Anorexia
Dyspepsia
Piles
Ulcer

Which one is considered to be the common cause of food poisoning?

Salmonella
Salmonella and campylobacter
Escherichia coli
All of the above

15.

The cause of botulism is:

a)
Salmonella
b)
Clostridium
c)
Campylobacter
d)
None of the above

16.

In human jejunum and ileum, dipeptides are converted to amino acids by the
action of:
Erepsin
Trypsin

17.

18.

Amino-peptidase
Enterokinase
Many people become ill from consuming milk or milk products because they
lack:
a)
Renin
b)
Lactase
c)
Hydrochloric acid
d)
Intestinal bacteria
It prevents the food from entering the nasal cavities:
Epiglottis
Tongue
Soft palate
Salivary gland

19.

Hydra shows:
a)
b)
c)
d)

20.

Fluid feeding
Filter feeding
Scraping
Tentacular feeding

Intracellular digestion takes place with the help of:

Ribosomes
Lysosomes
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondria

CHAPTER 12
NUTRITION
1. Chlorosis
2. Nitrogen cycle
3. Soil water
4. Cynobacteria
5. Digestive enzymes
6. Glycogen
7. Beans and rice
8. Hydrolysis
9. Extracellular digestion
10. Carbohydrates
11. Intestinal bacteria
12. Hemoglobin from degraded red blood cell
13. Dyspepsia
14. Salmonella and campylobacter bacteria
15. Clostridium
16. Erepsin
17. Lactase
18. Soft Palate
19. Tentacular feeding
20. Lysosomes

SHORT QUESTION
CH # 12
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.

Differentiate between nutrients and nutrition?

What is saprophytic nutrition?
What are autotrophic organisms?
Define filter feeders. Give example.
What are fluid feeders?
What is scraping type of feeding?
What is a nematocyst?
Define hepatic caeca?
Name the different sites of digestion in man?
What is the function of ptyalin?
What do you mean by peristalsis?
What are hunger pangs?
What is mucus? Give its function in stomach.
What is pepsinogen?
What is the function of rectum?

CHAPTER 13
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
MCQs
1.

An advantage of gas exchange in aquatic habitats, as compared with terrestrial

habitats is that it is easier to keep the gas-exchange surface:
a)
b)
c)
d)

2.

Ventilated
Wet
Free of injury
Saturated with oxygen

A grasshopper ventilates its gas-exchange surface

Moving its ribcage
Beating of millions of cilia
Moving its diaphragm
Rhythmic body movements

3.

Rate of breathing in mammals is controlled by:

a)
b)
c)
d)

Hypothalamus
Medulla oblongata
Cerebellum
Thalamus

4.

The breathing centre in the brain responds to changes in:

Glucose concentration in mitochondria
Oxygen concentration of blood
CO2 concentration of the blood
Acetyle-CoA in the mitochondria

5.

The most abundant protein in the world is:

a)
b)
c)
d)

Myosin
Hemoglobin
Rubisco
Keratin

6.

How many times is water more viscous than air?

25 times
50 times
30 times
60 times

7.

When ribulose biphosphate reacts with oxygen, it gives rise to:

a)
b)
c)
d)

Glycolate
Serine
Glycine
Alanine

8.

The most efficient respiratory system is found in:

Bird
Man
Lizards
Frog

9.

The normal breathing rate in an adult human is:

a)
b)
c)
d)

10.

12 14 times/min
30 35 times/min
15 20 times/min
72 times/min

Which characteristic is not related to respiratory system?

Pleura
Diaphragm
Pericardium
Moist surface area

11.

When 98% of the molecules of haemoglobin are saturated with oxygen, each 100
ml of human blood possesses:
a)
b)
c)
d)

12.

15.6 ml of oxygen
18.6 ml of oxygen
19.6 ml of oxygen
21.6 ml of oxygen

What will not happen during inspiration in man?

Ribs are elevated
Intercoastal muscles contract
Diaphragm remains dome shaped
Forward movements of ribs

13.

When human blood leaves the capillary bed of the tissue, most of the CO2 is in the
form of:
a)
b)
c)
d)

14.

Carboxylic acid
HCO3
CO3
Carbolic acid

Asthma is associated with severe paroxysm of difficult:

Sneezing
Breathing
Digestion
Passage of blood flow

15.

Fully distended human lungs can hold air upto about:

a)
b)
c)

4.5 liters
3.5 liters
4 liters

d)
16.

5 liters

The irritant substances of smoke cause smokers cough which bursts some of the
weakened:
Alveoli
Bronchioles
Air sacs
All of the above

17.

What changes occur in a mammal when it dives and its diving reflex is activated?
a)
b)
c)
d)

18.

How much CO2 is present in the exhaled air?

a)

19.

Rate of heart beat slows down to one tenth of normal rate

Breathing stops
Consumption of oxygen and energy is reduced
All of the above

1 % b) 2 %

c) 3 %

d) 4 %

About 20 % of CO2 in the blood is carried as:

a) Bicarbonate b) Carbonate c) Carboxyhemoglobin d) Free CO2

20.

How much air is taken in and expelled out of human lungs during exercise?
a) 1.5 L b) 2.5 L

c) 3.5 L

d) 4.5 L

CHAPTER 13
GASEOUS EXCHANGE

1. Wet
2. Rhythmic body movements
3. Medulla oblongata
4. CO2 concentration of the blood
5. Ribulose
6. 50 times
7. Glycolate
8. Birds
9. 15 20 times / min
Pericardium
19.6 ml of oxygen
Diaphragm becomes dome-shaped
Bicarbonates
Breathing
5 liters
Alveoli
17.
All of the above
18.
4%
19.
3.5 L
20.
Carboxyhemoglobin

SHORT QUESTION
CH # 13
How energy is released by cellular respiration?
What is photorespiration?
How respiration occurs in cockroach?
Define cutaneous respiration?
What are air sacs? What is their function in birds?
Define vocal cords. Give their function.
What is pleura?
Write about the bronchiole?
What are the symptoms of asthma?
What is emphysema?
What is myoglobin?
What is pneumonectomy?
What is metastasis?
What is bradycardia?
15.
Differentiate between tidal volume and vital capacity of lungs.
16.
Define parabronchi.
17.
How gaseous exchange occurs in hydra?
18.
What features are shown by a respiratory surface?
19.
Write down the main reactions involved in photo-respiration.
20.
How respiration occurs in cockroach?

CHAPTER 14
MCQs

1.

Both leukocytes and erythrocytes are formed in:

Bone marrow
Arterial walls
Lymph nodes
Thymus

2.

An erythrocyte lives for approximately:

a)
b)
c)
d)

3.

One weak
One month
Three weeks
Three months

A mature mammalian RBC is unusual in that it has:

Cell wall
No nucleus
Plastids
No continuous plasma membrane

4.

The chief regulators of mammalian blood composition are:

a)
b)
c)
d)

5.

Heart and arteries

Liver and kidneys
Thyroid and parathyroid glands
Heart and liver

A heart murmur indicates a defective:

Sinoatrial node
Atrioventricular node
Heart valve
Ventricle

6.

In a normal person at rest the cardiac out put or amount of blood pumped / min by
the left ventricle is approximately:
a)
2 liters
b)
liters (half liter)
c)
5 liters
d)
3 liters

7.

Hypotension or chronic low blood pressure may develop from:

Too much emotional stress
A high fat diet
Not enough blood protein due to low protein diet
Not enough glucose level in blood

8.

Which of the following processes causes substances to move across membranes

without expenditure of cellular energy?

9.

(a)
Diffusion
(b)
Endocytosis
(c)
Active transport
(d)
Facilitated diffusion
Guttation is the loss of water, under the influence of high root pressure from the
tips of the leaves through:
a)
b)
c)
d)

10.

Which of the following is not true for guard cells?

a)
b)
c)
d)

11.

5.7
7.5
7.4
2

The basophils of human blood produce a chemical that participates in allergy

reactions and is termed as:
a)
b)
c)
d)

16.

Coronary circulation
Systemic circulation
Pulmonary circulation
Renal circulation

Normal pH of human blood is:

a)
b)
c)
d)

15.

It is single circuit heart

It has sinus venosus
It has conus arteriosus
It has truncus arteriosus

Blood circulation related to lungs is known as:

a)
b)
c)
d)

14.

Influx of potassium ions hypothesis

Pressure flow hypothesis
Starch sugar hypothesis
Both a & c

What is not true for fish heart?

a)
b)
c)
d)

13.

They contain chloroplast

They are present in the epidermis of leaf
They are connected by plasmodesmata with other epidermal cells
They are kidney shaped

The opening and closing of stomata can be explained by:

a)
b)
c)
d)

12.

Stomata
Lenticles
Hydathodes
Cuticle

Heparin
Alanin
Histamine
Pyramidine

Genetic haemoglobin abnormality which causes enlargement of spleen is:

a)
b)
c)
d)

Oedema
Myopia
Thalassemia
Leucaemia

17.

Cardiac muscles can be distinguished from other muscles because they:

a)
b)
c)
d)

18.

Which of the following characteristic is true for mammals?

a)
b)
c)
d)

19.

They have right aortic arch

They have left aortic arch
Possess nucleated RBC
Possess systemic arches

Electrical impulses in human heart arise from:

a)
b)
c)
d)

20.

Possess only actin

Have intercalated discs
Lack regular arrangement of sarcomeres
Possess tubulin protein

Sinoatrial node
Atrioventricular node
Inter node
Lymph node

Which of the following function is not performed by lymphatic system?

a)
b)
c)
d)

It helps to defend the body against foreign invaders

It returns interstitial fluid back into the blood.
Discharge blood into interstitial fluid
Lymph nodes filter the lymph

CHAPTER 14
TRANSPORT
1Bone marrow
2Three months
3No nucleus
4Liver and kidney
5.Heart valve
6. litres
7. Not enough blood protein due to low protein diet
8. Diffusion
9. Hydathodes
10. They are connected by plasmodesmata with other epidermal cells
11. Starch sugar and influx of potassium ions hypothesis
12. It has truncus arteriosus
13. Pulmonary circulation
14. 7.4
15. Histamine
16. Thalassemia
17. Have intercalated discs
18. They have left aortic arch
19. Sinoatrial node
20. Discharge blood into interstitial fluid

SHORT QUESTION
CH # 14
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.

Differentiate between active transport and passive transport.

What is plasmolysis and deplasmolysis?
What is symplast and apoplast?
What is pressure potential?
What is meant by ascent of sap?
What is bleeding in plants?
What do you known about guttation?
What is the stomatal transpiration?
What is cuticular transpiration?
Give composition of blood plasma.
What is the importance of transpiration for plants?
How transportation occurs in Hydra?
What is systemic circulation?
What are the different types of WBCs?
What are different types of leucaemia?
Define oedema. How is extracellular oedema caused?
What is a cardiac cycle?
Give three differences between arteries and veins.
Differentiate between thrombus and embolus.
What is cerebral infarction?
What do you mean by humoral immune response?
How the flow of lymph is maintained in the body?
Define myocardial infarction.
What is atherosclerosis?
Differentiate between antigen and antibody.