5/20/2015

Air Traffic Control & Management

Air Traffic Control & Management

Roles of Air Traffic Management

Principles of Air Traffic Control
Hong Kong and Neighbouring Air Traffic Control Center
Air Traffic Control Technique
Difficulties and Challenges of HKATC
Qualities of ATC

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Roles of Air Traffic Management

Managed by CAD, HKSAR Government

Mission - Committed to a Safe, Efficient and Sustainable
Air Transport System
Safety Business
Director
General of Civil
Aviation
Norman Lo

Deputy
Direction
General of Civil
Aviation

Airport
Standards
Division

Flight Standards
and
Airworthiness
Division

Air Traffic
Engineering and
Standards
Division

Air Traffic
Management
Division

Administration
Division

Finance Division

Air Services
Division

Roles of Air Traffic Management

Air traffic control service

Flight information service
Alerting service

within the Hong Kong

Flight Information Region
(FIR)
total area of 276,000
square kilometers
extending over the South
China Sea

400
km
610
km

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Roles of Air Traffic Management

Flight Information
ATIS Automatic Terminal Information Service

Arrival hotline 3141 2820

Departure hotline 3141 2705
Continuous broadcast of aeronautical information such as:

Weather
Runway
Available approach
NOTAM
Any other information required by pilot such as windshear and
turbulence warning

Check before departure and landing

Roles of Air Traffic Management

Aviation Weather Information
METAR

Aviation routine weather report issued at hourly or half-hourly

intervals.
meteorological observation at an airport

METAR VHHH 040400Z 29006KT 9999 FEW025 33/26 Q1003

NOSIG=
For flight briefing/planning

TAF

Forecast, issued every 6hrs

Similar to METAR format
For flight briefing/planning

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Roles of Air Traffic Management

Air traffic control service- A service provided for the purpose
of:
a) preventing collisions:

between aircraft, and

on the manoeuvring area between aircraft and obstructions; and

b) expediting and maintaining an orderly flow of air traffic.

(DOC4444)
Division of Labour
Aerodrome Control (Tower)
Terminal Control
En-route Control (Area Control)

Roles of Air Traffic Management

Aerodrome Control (Tower)

Clearance Delivery Control (CDC)

Ground Movement Control (South/North) (GMC)
Air Movement Control (South/North) (AMC)
Zone Control
Flight Information
Tower Coordinator
Supervisor
Assistants

Airport Traffic (aviation/ground vehicle)

Helicopter (Shun Tak Macau/Peninsular/GFS)
Hong Kong Aviation Club, etc

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Roles of Air Traffic Management

HKAIP, CAD, HKSARG

Roles of Air Traffic Management

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Roles of Air Traffic Management

Roles of Air Traffic Management

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Roles of Air Traffic Management

ATZ Aerodrome Traffic Zone

CTR Control zone

Vertical limits

AIP, Hong Kong, AD 2.22 Flight Procedures

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Roles of Air Traffic Management

Terminal Control Positions

Approach
Departure
Terminal Radar Control (West/South/East)
Flow control
Coordinator (mainly with Tower)

Separate traffic
(Hong Kong/Shenzhen/Macau/GuangZhou/Zhuhai)
Sequencing
Delaying action

Roles of Air Traffic Management

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Roles of Air Traffic Management

En-route Control (Area) East/South/West

Procedural Control
Planner
- Derive aircraft position from non-radar sources such as position
report, pilot estimate
Radar Control
- Executor
- Derive aircraft position from radar source

Roles of Air Traffic Management

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Roles of Air Traffic Management

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Principle of Air Traffic Control

Safety HOW?

SEPARATION

Longitudinal

Vertical

Lateral

Time/Distance/Geographical reference

Vertical Distance

Distance/geographical reference

Actual theory is much more complicated !

Principle of Air Traffic Control

Separation applies to:
1. Departure Traffic (90s and therefore departing
sequence)
2. Arrival Traffic (2.5NM/3NM and wake turbulence)
3. All Terminal and Enroute control traffic
3NM
5NM
10NM
Boundary separation to adjacent FIR

In general, the faster the aircraft, the more separation

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Principle of Air Traffic Control

Lets explain what they are doing with radar!

Principle of Air Traffic Control

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Principle of Air Traffic Control

Recap: Height, Altitude, Flight Level (FL)

Conventional Vertical Separation

1000ft below FL290

2000ft above FL290

Reduced vertical separation minimum (RVSM)

Reduction of the standard vertical separation required

between aircraft flying between FL290 and FL410 inclusive,
from 2,000 feet to 1,000 feet
increases the number of aircraft that fly in a particular volume
of airspace
Above FL410, remain 2000ft

Principle of Air Traffic Control

Flight Level Assignment Scheme (FLAS) refer AIP

Waypoint
En 1.8

Direction

FL Available

Inbound

FL300, FL340, FL380

Outbound

FL290, FL330, FL370, FL410

ASOBA

Inbound

FL300, FL380

DOSUT

Inbound

FL310, FL320, FL350, FL360,

FL390, FL400

EPKAL

Outbound

FL310, FL320, FL350, FL360,

FL390, FL400

IKELA

Inbound

FL280, FL300, FL340, FL380,

FL400, FL430

Outbound

FL270, FL290, FL330, FL370,

FL390, FL410

Inbound

FL300, FL340, FL380, FL400

Outbound

FL290, FL330, FL370, FL410

NOMAN/ SABNO

KAPLI

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Principle of Air Traffic Control

Flight Level Assignment Scheme (FLAS) refer AIP

Waypoint
En 1.8

Direction

FL Available

ELATO

Inbound

FL300, FL320, FL340, FL380,

FL400

ENVAR

Outbound

FL290, FL310, FL330, FL350,

FL370, FL390, FL410

DOTMI

Inbound

S0660, S0720, S0780, FL280,

FL320, FL360, FL380

Outbound

S0690, S0750, S0810, FL290,

FL330, FL350, FL390

Inbound

S0630, S0810, S0890, S1010,

S1070, S1130, S1190, S1250

Outbound

S0600, S0660, S0720, S0780,

S0980, S1040, S1100, S1160,
S1220

SIKOU

Some levels have special requirement to meet.

Hong Kong and Neighbouring Air

Traffic Control Center
GUANGZHO
U FIR
400
km

ZHANGJIANG
FIR

TAIPEI
FIR

610
km

SANYA
FIR

MANILA
FIR

HO CHI
MINH FIR
SINGAPORE
FIR

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Air Traffic Control Technique

Turn (lateral separation)

Will they crash?

Distance A> B
B

Should be alright?
Not sure!!!
1. Speed
2. Wind direction
3. Aircraft Performance

Air Traffic Control Technique

Turn (lateral separation)

4NM!! Loss of Separation

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Air Traffic Control Technique

Turn (lateral separation)

CPA767, due traffic

turn right head 240

14NM>10NM, OK

Air Traffic Control Technique

Step (vertical separation)

FL350
ANZ38
FL340

FL330
FL330
CAL075

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Air Traffic Control Technique

Step (vertical separation)

CAL 075, Due cross traffic, maintain FL330, standby for higher,
traffic information: opposite way, maintaining 1000 ft above your assigned level
ANZ38, traffic information: opposite way traffic climbing 1000ft below you.
FL350
ANZ38

FL340

FL330
CAL075
FL330

Air Traffic Control Technique

Step (vertical separation)

CAL 075, clear of traffic, climb FL370

FL350
FL340

ANZ38

FL330
CAL075
FL330

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Air Traffic Control Technique

Speed Control (longitudinal separation)

Speed M0.78 -

Speed M0.78

30NM

Speed M0.78 +

30NM

Air Traffic Control Technique

Daily work:

Separation (safety)
Sequencing (orderly) refer to separate blank sheet
Short cut (expediting traffic)
Traffic information
Coordination

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Difficulties and Challenges of HKATC

Crowded/congested airspace

Difficulties and Challenges of HKATC

Many crossing traffic (overflight) vs HK

inbound/outbound
Multiple conflictions

Solution of one conflict can create another conflict

Summer weather (typhoon season weather deviation)

One country two system (metric vs imperial)

Waste of air space resources

workload

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Difficulties and Challenges of HKATC

Flight
Level

Westbound 180- 359T

CREW
ATC

FL
469
430

Select Fight Level

(FL) in feet
Feet
46900
43000

Cleared FL in
meter
Meter
14300
13100

401
381
361
341
321
301

40100
38100
36100
34100
32100
30100

276
256
236
217
197
177
157
138

000- 179T Eastbound

ATC
CREW

Flight Level

Cleared FL in
meter
Meter
13700

Select FL in feet
Feet
44900

FL
449

12200
11600
11000
10400
9800
9200

12500
11900
11300
10700
10100
9500
8900

41100
39100
37100
35100
33100
31100
29100

411
391
371
351
331
311
291

27600

8400

8100

26600

266

25600
23600
21700
19700
17700
15700
13800

7800
7200
6600
6000
5400
4800
4200

7500
6900
6300
5700
5100
4500
3900

24600
22600
20700
18700
16700
14800
12800

246
226
207
187
167
148
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Difficulties and Challenges of HKATC

Many mainland China traffic & China military flow control
(Xiamen, Shanghai)
Limited usable flight level (published FL vs practical FL)
(FL410 for Airbus 330 fully loaded long haul flight?)
Too many airports in Pearl River Delta Region
(Guangzhou/Shenzhen/Zhuhai/Macau/HKIA)

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Qualities of ATC

Aviation knowledge?
Science stream students? Pilot licence?
Analytical
Good communication skills
Only language - English
Situational Awareness
Numerical
Problem solving mindset
Calm
Multitasking
Good memory
Spatial orientation
Passion?

Qualities of ATC
Do you want to be an ATC?

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Bibliography

DOC4444, Procedures of Air Navigation Services, Air

Traffic Management, ICAO, 4th Edition, 2001
Aeronautical Information Publication, Civil Aviation
Department, http://www.hkatc.gov.hk/
Civil Aviation Department
(http://www.cad.gov.hk/english/cad_division.html#atmd)

END

Q&A

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