5/20/2015

HKIA Operation and 3rd Runway

issues

Type of Airport
Role of Airport
Airport Management
Aeronautical and Non-aeronautical Revenue
HKIA challenges
Constrain on HKIA Runway capacity
3rd runway technical challenges

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Type of Airport
Aerodrome a defined area on land or water (including any
buildings, installations, and equipment) intended to be used either
wholly or in part for the arrival, departure and surface movement of
aircraft. (ICAO Definition Annex 14)
Airport a location where aircraft such as fixed wing aircraft,
helicopters and blimps take off and land. Aircraft may be stored or
maintained at an airport. An airport consists of at least one surface
such as a runway for a plane to take off and land, a helipad or water
for takeoffs and landings, and often includes buildings such as control
towers, hangars and terminal buildings.
Type:
International (CIQ: Customs, Immigration & Quarantine)
Domestic
General Aviation
Military

Role of Airport
Transport hub for
people and goods
Create jobs
Economy engine
Standard of living
Therefore, even
airport loses, we
still invest in
airport for the
overall benefit.

2008 (Actual)

2030
(estimate)

Economic
HK$ 78 billion
contribution
(Direct + indirect
+ induced)

HK$ 120 167

billion

% of GDP

4.6%

3.3% - 4.6%

Direct
employment

62,000

101,000-141,000

Indirect +
induced
employment

124,000

244,000
340,000

Source: Hong Kong International Airport (HKIA) (2011),

HKIA Master Plan 2030. Hong Kong: HKIA. p. 43

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Airport Management
Core Value
Safety passengers, employees and business partners
Security airport community
Efficiency
Environment
Quality
People

Airport Management
CEO
Corporate
Development

1. Training
2. Corporate
governance

Project

1. Engineering
2. 3rd Runway

Airport
Operations

1. Airfield
Business
2. Terminal
Business

Commercial

1. Airport
Property
2. Aviation
Logistics
3. Retail and
Advertising

Finance

1. Funding
2. Cost control
and budgeting
3. Debt

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Airport Management
Airport Operations
Airfield business
Maintain airfield infrastructure, including runway, taxiway, apron,
tunnels, airfield equipment, airbridge
Assignment of parking bay (parking bay allocation rule)
Marshalling service
Bird control
Apron ground traffic control
Baggage handling
Bus assignment and management
Airfield franchise management (Ground handling agent Fuel, water,
sewage, electricity, line maintenance, air conditioning)
Planning A380 parking, traffic impact (bus), rapid exit taxiway, etc

Airport Management

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Airport Management

Airport Management

http://www.safetypostershop.com/aviation-safetyposters/aircraft-marshalling-hand-signals/

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Airport Management
Airport Operations
Terminal Business
Check in counter allocation and management
Self check in system
Terminal facilities (lighting, signage, seats, resting area, toilets)
Trolley management
Ground transport (Bus, taxi, light goods vehicle)
Passenger facilitation:
CIQ and security arrangement
Terminal golf cart shuttle (WFS)

Airport Management
Commercial

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Airport Management
Commercial
Aviation logistics
Cargo terminal (HACTL, AAT & Cathay)
Marine cargo terminal
Airport Freight Forwarding Center
DHL Express
Airmail center
Fuel tank
Catering (Cathay, Lufthansa & Gate Gourmet)
Base Maintenance (CASL & HAECO)
Business Aviation Center

Franchise Management
Monitor operation & incident investigation
Maintain standards and safety
Audit

Airport Management
Commercial
Airport Properties
Golf course
Hotel

Land use planning

Commercial office?
Shopping mall?
Maintenance base?

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Airport Management
Commercial
Retail and Advertising
T1 and T2 shops
Down town price quaranteed
Food court and restaurant
Advertisement

Revenue
Fixed amount or % of revenue whichever
the higher or combination of both

Airport Management
CEO
Corporate
Development

1. Training
2. Corporate
governance

Expenditure

Project

1. Engineering
2. 3rd Runway

Expenditure

Airport
Operations

1. Airfield
Business
2. Terminal
Business

Revenue

Commercial

1. Airport
Property
2. Aviation
Logistics
3. Retail and
Advertising

Revenue

Finance

1. Funding
2. Cost control
and budgeting
3. Debt

Expenditure

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Aeronautical and Non-aeronautical Revenue

Aeronautical revenue: sources are those directly
associated with airport infrastructure related charges
such as aircraft landing, parking and passenger fees. It is
proportional with traffic volume. Usually higher traffic
volume, higher revenue.
Non-aeronautical revenue: sources indirectly associated
with airport infrastructure, such as rental, franchisee fee,
advertising, etc. It is not directly dependent on traffic
volume. Usually of higher profit margin.

Aeronautical and Non-aeronautical Revenue

Airport no longer only a transport hub
Turning into airport city
China, 134 out of 183 airports with deficit (2.9billion
RMB) (May 2013)
Too dependent on aeronautical revenue

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Aeronautical and Non-aeronautical Revenue

Disadvantage of reliance of Aeronautical
More nonrevenue:
aeronautical revenue
Less profit margin
Unstable source of income (affected by
seasonal)
Unattractive to passengers and airlines

More
airport
spending

Increasing non-aeronautical revenue

Singapore Changi Airport (AvsN) 50 : 50 (2012)
US airports (AvsN) 55.2 : 44.8 (2012)
Stable income for investment
Lower aeronautical charge to attract airliners

Lower
aeronautical
charge

More airline
higher
frequency

More
passengers

Aeronautical and Non-aeronautical Revenue

Air bridge
charge

Landing
charge

Parking
charge

Noise
surcharge

Passenger
charge
Aeronautical
Revenue

Lighting
charge

Security
charge
Baggage
Handling
Franchisee
charge

Terminal
check in
charge

Airside
service
franchisee
charge

10

5/20/2015

Aeronautical and Non-aeronautical Revenue

Airport Authority Ordinance (Chapter 483, The Laws of Hong
Kong)
Landing charge (MTOW Maximum Take-off Weight)
MTOW

Fixed Charge +

Rate per tonne

Up to 20 tonnes

HKD 2210.0

Nil

Over 20 tonnes

HKD 2210.0

HKD 63.0 over 20t.

B747 (MTOW) = 395t

HK$2210+63x(395-20)=HK$25,835

Parking charge per 15min

Terminal Frontal

HK$156

Remote Parking

HK$125

Cargo Apron

HK$99

Direct taxi-in/out

HK$99

Maintenance Parking

HK$80

Aeronautical and Non-aeronautical Revenue

Franchisee
fee

Land use
fee (golf
course)

Office
rental
Nonaeronautical
Revenue

Advertising

Retail shops
rental

11

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HKIA challenges
Limited capacity: parking, runway and
terminal facilities
Keen competition from PRD airports
Guangzhou: plan ultimately 5
runways+72 hrs visa free entry
China Southern Airline develop
Guangzhou Road
Shenzhen Airport 3 runway and 4
terminal in 2020

by A380

HKIA 2030 Master Plan

Close proximity of Macau/ Zhuhai airport

HKIA challenges
Threatening the role of Transfer hub
Competition from Seoul, Malaysia and Shanghai as transfer hub
Kangaroo route Singapore, Dubai

Approaching max capacity while increasing demand on air traffic

Runway capacity?

Passenger terminal capacity?

12

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Runway designator
-

Runway naming
a number between 01 and 36, which is generally one
tenth of the magnetic heading of the runway
HK Runway 073 or 253
07L/25R 07R/25L

Left / Center/ Right or even change the name to avoid

confusion

Runway summary
Airport

No. of
Runway

Name

Runway Heading

Hong Kong
(VHHH)

07L/25R & 07R/25L

073/253

Macau (VMMC)

16/34

163/343

Shenzhen
(ZGSZ)

15/33 & 16/34

155/335

Guangzhou
(ZGGG)

3*
(new
runway
open on 5
Feb 2015)

02L/20R, 02R/20L &

19/01

016/196

Zhuhai (ZGSD)

05/23

047/227

13

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Constrain on HKIA Runway capacity

Terrain
Limit airspace/airways
Affect departure and arrival turn
Affect missed approach
Lack of enough holding stack

Aircraft mix
70:30 Heavy vs Medium/small
Separation and wake turbulence separation problem

Constrain on HKIA Runway capacity

14

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Constrain on HKIA Runway capacity

Close proximity of PRD airports (GZ/SZ)
Invisible wall at BEKOL? (15,700ft)

=4800m

Possible Solution:
=>PRD Terminal
Constrain on HKIA Runway capacity

15

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Constrain on HKIA Runway capacity

Constrain on HKIA Runway capacity

16

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Constrain on HKIA Runway capacity

Constrain on HKIA Runway capacity

Close proximity of Macau/Zhuhai airport
Macau runway perpendicular to HK runway
Coordination required to avoid interference

One country two system

Different ATC procedures and standards
Coordination

17

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3rd Runway Technical Challenges

Background (by Consultant
report of HKIA)
Same direction 07/25 parallel
runway
North for Arrival, Middle for
Departure and South for Mixed
mode
New terminal linked by
Automated People Mover

3rd Runway Technical Challenges

Terrain
Restricted Area
over Tuen Mun
Castle Peak
(12,000ft)
SID and STAR

18

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3rd Runway Technical Challenges

STAR

3rd Runway Technical Challenges

STAR

19

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3rd Runway Technical Challenges

SID

3rd Runway Technical Challenges

Missed approach for 3rd runway?
No independent operation
Also the problem of extended final approach

20

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3rd Runway Technical Challenges

Shenzhen and Guangzhou departure and arrival cross in HK
Macau and Zhuhai airport
Airspace congestion
Runway interference
Efficiency ?
68 runway slots
102 runway slots?
Unless airspace redesign
Open PRD airspace
Centralized terminal air traffic control

Pros and Cons of 3rd Runway

Pros:
1. Contributing GDP
2. Increase employment
opportunities
3. Increase competitiveness of HK
4. Capture growing demand of air
travel
5. Changed air transport mode
leading early saturation of
airport
6. Relieve airport congestion and
improve services (airport
saturated)
7. Better slots and higher
frequency

Cons:
1. Pollution (air, noise)
2. Marine pollution due to
reclamation and endangering
white dolphin
3. Construction pollution
4. Huge cost (HKD$130200Billion)
5. Low efficiency
6. Airport not yet saturated
7. Air space congestion rather
than airport congestion
8. Not enough workforce

21

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Bibliography
Aeronautical Information Publication, Civil Aviation
Department, http://www.hkatc.gov.hk/

Hong Kong International Airport (HKIA) (2011),

HKIA Master Plan 2030.
HKIA Annual Report 2012/2013
HKIA 2030 Primary Traffic Forecast, Final report, 30
July 2010
Hong Kong International Airport Master Plan 2030 Technical Report

END

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