Worked Example 1 - Composite Beam - Normal Design

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WORKED EXAMPLE 1 - COMPOSITE BEAM
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CALCULATION SHEET
WORKED EXAMPLE 1 COMPOSITE BEAM NORMAL DESIGN

Consider a tapered composite beam used as a primary beam. These hand calculations are compared
to the results from FBEAM (see cf). Separate checks are made on the local resistances at the
openings. Comments are made at the end of this Worked Example.
Design Data: Double tapered beam
Span 15 m @ 6 m spacing
Secondary beams @ 3 m
Loading
3.5 kN/m2
1.0 kN/m2
0.5 kN/m2
2.2 kN/m2 (secondary beam wt = 39.9 kg/m)
50 kN @ 6 m from support
25 kN/m from 0 to 3 m from support
Imposed load
Partitions
Ceilings
Self weight
Add. imposed point load
Add. imposed UDL
P = 50 kN
25 kN/m
W
W
250 x 25
400
10 mm
web
250 x 25
800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
15000
Steel grade
S355
Steel strength
p y = 345 N/mm2 (t > 16 mm)
Concrete slab
130 mm LWC, fcu = 30 N/mm2
Deck profile
Ward FD60, thickness 1.2 mm, strength = 280N/mm 2
Reinforcing mesh A142, strength
= 460 N/mm 2
Factored load (from secondary beams)
W = ((1.6 4.5) + 1.4 (0.5 + 2.2)) 3 6 = 197.6 kN
End shear on primary beam
V
9
13 .5
= 2 197.6 + 50
+ 25 3
1 .6
15
15
= 395.3 + 156.0
= 551.3 kN
(cf 555 kN in FBEAM))
P:\BCB\Bcb896\PDF\Worked Example 1.doc

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Maximum moment (occurs at 2 nd secondary beam from LH support in diagram)

3.0
M = 551.3 6.0 25 3 1.6 6.0

197.6 3.0
2
= 3308 540 593

= 2175 kNm
(cf 2178 kNm)
Mid-span moment (for completeness)

M = 551.3 7.5 25 3 1.6 6 197.6 4.5 197.6 1.5 50 1.6 1.5
= 4135 720 889 296 120
= 2110 kNm
(cf 2115 kNm)
Interaction of M - V at 3 m from support
M = 551.3 3 25 3 1.6 1.5
= 1474 kNm
V = 551.3 25 3 1.6 197.6
= 233 kN
(cf 1476 kNm)

(cf 237 kN)
Shear resistance of web

400 mm depth:
600 mm depth:
800 mm depth:
VRd =
=
VRd =
=
VRd =
=
0.6 345 10 350 10 -3

724 kN
(cf 725 kN)
-3
0.6 345 10 550 10
1138 kN
(cf 1139 kN)
-3
0.6 345 10 750 10
1552 kN
(cf 1283 kN)) (See Comment No. 1)
Shear Connector Layout

300
18 @ 150
20 @ 150
3900
3000
5200
3000
7500
10 @ 150
1500
CL
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Bending resistance of composite section (600 mm depth, 3 m from LH support)

Be
70
130
600
(See Comment No.2)

Resistance of concrete:
Rc
= 0.45 30 70 1500 10 3
= 1417 kN
Resistance of section:
Rs
= (250 25 2 + 550 10) 345 10 3

= 6210 kN
Resistance of shear connectors: No of studs (from layout) = 18

Stud resistance = 72 kN
Rq = 18 72 = 1296 kN
Resistance of flange:
Rf
Resistance of web:
Rw
=
=
=
=
250 25 345 10 3
2156 kN
550 10 345 10 3
1897 kN
Check position of PNA:

PNA lies in web if: Rq + Rf < R w + Rf
or 1296 + 2156 < 1895 + 2156
(correct)
Difference = 601 kN
Depth of web in compression
yw = 601/(10 345 2 10 3)
= 87 mm
(See Comment No. 3)
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Rq
Moment resistance
Mc = Rq (95 + 25 + 87) 10 3
+ Rf 575 10 3
95
25
y
Rf
+
=
=
87 2 463 2
10 345 10 6
+
2
2
268 + 1240 + 383
1890 kNm (cf 1895 kNm in FBEAM)
Rf
Unity Factor =
1476
= 0.78
1890
(cf 0.78)
Degree of shear connection (check at 6 m from LH support)

No.
Rq
Be
RC
of shear connectors
= 38
= 38 72 = 2736 kN
= 3000 mm
= 0.45 70 3000 30 10 3 = 2835 kN
Degree of shear connection =
2736
2835
= 0.97
(cf 0.69)
Min. degree of shear connection

for asymmetric section
N
= 0.25 + 0.03L = 0.7 < 0.97
Nf
So adequate shear connection is provided.
(See Comment No. 4)
(to EC4)
(See Comment No. 5)
Bending resistance of composite section (800 mm depth, 6 m from LH support)

800 mm depth:
Be =
6000
= 3000 mm
2
Resistance of concrete:
Rc =
=
0.45 30 70 3000 10 3
2835 kN
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Resistance of flange:
Rf
Resistance of web:
Rw =
=
2156 kN
750 10 345 10 3
2587 kN
(See Comment No. 6)
Resistance of shear connectors: No. of studs (from connector layout)

Rq = 38 72 = 2736 kN
Rq < Rc at mid span
Check position of PNA:
PNA lies in web if:

Rq + Rf < R w + Rf
2736 + 2156 < 2587 + 2516
Not satisfied, so PNA is in flange
Moment resistance
Mc =
+
+
=
=
Applied moment
Unity Factor
Rq (95 + 12.5) 10 3
Rf 775 10 3
775
Rw
10 3
2
294 + 1671 + 1002
2967 kNm
M =
2175 kNm
2175/2967
= 0.73
38
(See Comment No. 7)
(cf 2973 kNm)
(cf 0.73)
Longitudinal shear resistance check (at position of greatest bending/shear unity factor)
Maximum Moment utilisation factor
Longitudinal shear force
Concrete shear resistance

=
(effective ht of deck = 69 mm) =
Unity Factor
= 0.78 (at 3m from LH support)

0 .78 72
2 0 .15
= 187 kN/m
0.8 0.8 (130 69) 300.5 10

213.8 kN/m
187/214 =
0.87
-3
(cf 0.86)
Calculate amount of transverse reinforcement

187 = 0.7 fy Ar + 0.03 0.8 30 (130 69) 10 -3
187 = 0.322 Ar + 45
Ar = 441 mm2 /m (inc. mesh)
= 441 142
= 299 mm2 /m
(ex.mesh)
(cf 302 mm2/m)
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Weld design
Build-up of force in web
Compression force in top flange
= 25 250 345 10 3
= 2156 kN
Force/unit length
= 2156/3000
= 0.72 kN/mm
Force from shear connectors
= 72/150
= 0.48 kN/mm
Total
(See Comment No. 8)
1.29 kN/mm
Total force is reduced because of utilisation factor in bending at the critical location
Force/length
= 0.78 0.72 + 0.48

= 1.04 kN/m
3
1.04 10
0 .7 250 2
= 3.0 mm per side
(use 5 mm FW per side)
Weld size
(cf 1.25 kN/mm)

(double sided FW)
Local check at change points
w
Fw
3.81
Web buckling (at 6 m and 9 m from LH support)

Fw = 250 25 345 10 3 sin 3.81o
= 143.3 kN
Compressive stress
(at half depth)
w =
143 .4 10 3
10 400 2
Slenderness of web
(See Comment No. 9)
= 18 N/mm2
0.85 d
0 .85 750
= 221
10 / 12
t / 12
p c (strut curve c)
= 36 N/mm2
Buckling resistance, pw
= 10 800 36 10 3
= 288 kN
143
Unity Factor
=
= 0.50
(cf 0.39)
288
(Software Utilisation Factor = 0.73, 0.73 0.50 = 0.37)

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Properties of steel section at mid span (neglecting openings at this stage)

py
250 x 25
345 N/mm 2 (t > 16 mm)
275
345
d/t = 75 > 80
Web in Class 2
125
b/t =
25
750 x 10
= 0.893
= 71
= 5, i.e. Class 1
250 x 25
Plastic bending resistance

Mp =
=
250 25 775 + 750 10 345 10 6
2156 kNm
Second moment of area

775 2 750 3
+
10
2
12
(1877 + 315) 10 6
2192 106 mm4
Ixx = 250 25
=
=
(cf 2229 10 6 mm4 )
250 3
25
12
65.1 10 6 mm4
2
Iyy
=
(cf 65.17 10 6mm4 )
= 250 2 25 + 250 10 = 20 10 3 mm2
ryy
65 .1 10 3
= 57.1 mm
20
(cf 57 mm)
Construction stage LTB check

Slenderness of beam between secondary beams (between 6 m and 9 m from LH support)
3000
57 .1
= 52.5

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D/T = 800/25 = 32
LT =
=
=
pb =
uv
0.9 0.98 52.5
46.3
311 N/mm 2
Buckling resistance moment

Mb = Mp
Pb
311
= 2156
py
345
= 1944 kNm
Applied moment during construction

M
(1.6 0.5 + 1.4 2.2) 6
= 655 kNm
15 2
8
(cf 656 kNm)
655
1944
= 0.34
(cf 0.39)
(See Comment No. 10)
(The difference is due to the more accurate treatment of LTB in the software)
Unity Factor =
Elastic properties of composite section (deflections)

Consider properties at mid-span
B e = 3750
D s =130
D = 800
Dp =60
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Icomp =
I xx +
A D + Ds + Dp
)2 (D s D p )3
+
4 (1 + e r )
where r c = A/(Ds Dp ) Be =
Icomp = 2192 106 +

+
12 e
Be
20 10 3
= 0.076
( 130 60 ) 3750
20 10 3 ( 800 + 130 + 60 ) 2
4 (1 + 15 0 .076 )
70 3
3750
12 15
= 2192 106 + 2287 106 + 7.2 106

= (2192 + 2287 + 7) 106
= 4486 106 mm4
(cf 4795 10 6 mm4 )
(The difference is due to the additional concrete between the ribs which is included in the software,
but is not included here)
Effective stiffness of tapered section
h1
h0
h1 2
I
h0
2 I + 1 I h 1 for uniform loading

Ieff
3
3 h
0
but h1 /h0 = 0.5 and so Ieff
= 0.75 I where I = inertia of deepest section
Deflections
Deflections due to self wt (consider as udl)
s
5
2 .2 6 15 4 10 9
384 205 2229 10 6 0 .75

= 25.4 mm
Deflection due to imposed udl (composite section)

i
5
4.5 6 15 4 10 9
384 205 4795 10 6 0.75

= 24.1 mm

(cf 24.6 mm)
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Deflection at mid -span due to imposed point load

3
3a
a
where a = 6 m and L = 15 m
L
L
PL3
48 EI
50 15 3 10 9
48 205 4795 0 .75 10 6
3
3 6
6
4
15
15
= 4.5 mm
Deflection at mid -span due to imposed partial udl
=
WL4
n2 [2 m3 6 m2 + m (4 + n2 ) n2 ]
24 aEI
where a = 3 m, n = 0.2 and m = 0.5

=
0.22 ]
25 3 15 4 10 12
0.2[2(0.5)3 6(0.5) 2 + 0.5 (4 + 0.2 2 )
24 3 10 3 205 4795 10 6 0.75
= 2.1 mm
Total imposed load deflection at mid -span at the composite stage (prior to allowing for partial shear
connection)
= 24.1 + 4.5 + 2.1
= 30.7 mm
Deflection due to imposed load (steel section)

s
= 30.7
4795
2229
66.0 mm
Additional deflection due to partial shear connection

add = 0.3 (1 0.69)(66.0 30.7)
= 3.3 mm
Total imposed load deflection
= 30.7 + 3.3
Deflection due to ceiling and services
Total deflection
0.5
24.1 =
4.5
= 25.4 + 34.0 + 2.7 = 62.1 mm
34.0 mm
(cf 30.6 mm)
2.7 mm
(cf 57.8 mm) (See Comment No.15)

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Elastic properties of composite section (vibrations)

e
= 10 for dynamic calculations
Icomp = 2192 106 +
20 10 3 ( 800 + 130 + 60 ) 2
70 3
+
3750
4 ( 1 + 10 0 .076 )
12 10
= 2192 106 + 2781 106 + 10.8 10 6

= (2192 + 2781 + 11) 10 6
= 4984 106 mm4
(cf 5254 10 6 mm4 )
Loading for natural frequency calculation

= wsw +wd + 0.1wi (excl. partitions)
= 2.2 + 0.5 + 0.35
= 3.05 kN/m2
Deflection due to udl over 6 m width
5 3.05 6 15 4 10 9
384 205 4984 10 6 0 .75
= 15.7 mm
(cf 13.8 mm)
(The factor of 0.75 is due to the influence of the tapered section, as previously)
Natural frequenc y f
= 18 /
= 4.5 Hz
(cf 4.8 Hz)
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Checks at Rectangular Opening at Mid-span

130
25
210
t = 10 mm
140
25
900
Applied moment at mid -span
2115 kNm
Web classification
d eff =
d eff =
dt
40 t
1
275
= 0.89
345
40 10 0.89
210 1
900
= 192 mm
but limit is 9t
= 9 10 0.89 = 80 mm
d eff > limit, so section is Class 3
Use elastic properties of Tees
Shear stress is low at mid -span
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400
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Properties of Top Tee

250
210
ye
10
ye
10 210 130 + 250 25 2 /2

250 25 + 210 10
351 .1 10 3
8.35 10 3
= 42.1 mm
Ixt
= 10 210 (130 42.1)2 + 250 25 (42.1 12.5)2 + 10 210 3/12

= 16.2 10 6 + 5.5 106 + 7.7 106
= 37.1 10 6 mm4
37.1 10 6
= 192.3 103 mm3
(235 42 .1)
Zxt =
Mt = 192.3 103 345 10 -6

= 66.3 kNm
At
= 25 250 + 10 210 = 8350 mm2
Properties of Bottom Tee

10
140
25
250
ye
10 140 95 + 250 25 2 2
250 25 + 140 10
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211 .1 10 3
= 27.6 mm
7.65 10 3
Ixb = 10 140 (95 27.6)2 + 250 25 (21.1 12.5)2 + 10 1003 /12

= 6.4 106 + 1.4 10 6 + 2.3 106
= 10.1 10 6 mm4
Zxb =
10.1 10 6
( 165 27 .6 )
73.3 10 3 mm3
Mb = 73.3 10 3 345 10 6
= 25.3 kNm
Ab = 10 140 + 25 250 = 7650 mm2
Composite bending resistance at opening
xc
R c or Rq
25
pna
py
210
400
140
25
Compressive resistance of slab

Rc
= 0.45 fcu (Ds Dp ) Be

= 0.45 30 (130 60)
15000
/ 10 3 = 3544 kN
4
Resistance of shear connectors

Rq = NPd =
48 72 =
3456 kN < R c
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yp

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xc
Rq
Rc
(Ds Dp )
3456
70 = 68.2 mm
3544
Resistance of web
Rw = (210 + 140) 10 345 10 -3
= 1208 kN
Since Rq + Rf > Rw + Rf, pna lies in top flange
Rf
= 250 25 345 10 3 = 2156 kN
yp is given by
Rq + 250 yp 345 10 -3 = 250 (25 yp ) 345 10 -3 Rw + Rf
(2y p 25) =
yp
1208 + 2156 3456

250 345 10 3
= 12.0 mm
(cf 12 mm)
Composite bending resistance at opening (taking moments about top of top flange)
Mc =
[3456 (130 68/2) 2 12 250 345 10 3 12/2 + 2156 25/2

+ 210 10 345 10 3 (25 + 210/2) + 140 10 345 10 3 (800 25 140/2)
+ 2156 (800 25/2)] 10 3
= 331.8 12.4 + 27.0 +94.2 + 340.5 + 1712.3

= 2493 kNm
UF =
2115
2493
= 0.85
(cf 2479 kNm)

(cf 0.85)
Reduced Vierendeel bending resistance of steel section

= 2 (Mb + Mt ) (1 UF2 )
= 2 (25.3 + 66.3) (1 0.852 )
= 50.8 kNm
(cf 43 kNm)
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CALCULATION SHEET
Vierendeel bending resistance due to composite action (7 studs over opening)

Mvc
Rq 1
a 1
Mvc
R a'
Total Vierendeel bending resistance

= 69.6 + 50.8 = 120.4 kNm
=
=
=
=
Rq 1a1
7 72 = 504 kN
130 68/2 + 42 = 138
69.6 kNm
(cf 86 kNm)
The difference is due to the more accurate interaction between bending and te nsion in the software.
Applied shear force at mid -span (due to asymmetric loads only)
1.15
6
= 25 3 1.6
+ 50 1.6
15
15
= 12 + 32 = 44 kN
cf 15% of max. shear as the minimum shear
= 0.15 551 = 82.6 kN > 44 kN
Min. shear controls.
Vierendeel bending moment
=
V = 82.6 0.9
Unity factor =
74 .3
119 .8
74.3 kNm
(cf 75.0 kNm)
0.62
(cf 0.87)
Check for vierendeel bending at construction stage

Moment at mid-span
15 2
8
(cf 656 kNm)
(1.6 0.5 + 1.4 2.2) 6
= 655 kNm

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CALCULATION SHEET
Consider bottom Tee acting in tension

M
la
= 800 42.1 27.6

= 730.3 mm
M
655
=
la
0.73
= 897 kN
Rb = tensile resistance of bottom Tee

= 7650 345 10 3
T
=
Rb
897
2639
= 2639 kN
= 0.33

=
=
2 (Mt + Mb ) (1 0.33 2 )
2 (66.3 + 25.3) 0.89
= 163.2 kNm
(cf 141 kNm)
The difference is due to the more accurate interaction between tension and bending in the software.
Assume minimum applied shear force = 25% of end shear at the construction stage
V
= 0.25 2 (0.5 1.6 + 2.2 1.4) 6 3

= 34.9 kN
Vierendeel bending moment

= 34.9 0.9 = 31.5 kNm
Unity Factor =
31 .5
163 .2
= 0.19
(cf 33 kNm)
(cf 0.24)
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CALCULATION SHEET
Web Post Buckling
Vt
= 3.5 d o
t
0.5 d o
Shear in top Tee =
210
82.6 = 50 kN
350
Compressive stress over 0.5d0
3.5 d o
t
From buckling curve (c)
pc
Slenderness of web
Shear resistance =
Unity Factor =
Vt
=
0 .5 d o t
c =
3.5 400
10
= 25 N/mm2
140
81 N/mm2
0.5d o t p c =
0.5 400 10 81 10 3
50
162
0.31
50 10 3
0 .5 400 10
= 162 kN
(cf 0.19)
The difference is due to the use of the actual shear rather than the minimum shear in the software.
Job No.
BCB 896
Job Title
FABSEC Q.A.
Subject
Client

Telephone: (01344) 623345
Fax: (01344) 622944
FABSEC
Sheet
19
123.5
Date
Jan 02
Checked by
MSB
Date
Feb 02
=
=
5.2
400 + 400
6
747 mm
h = 5.2/6x400+400
= 747 mm
450
123.5
25
Applied moment at normal stage at x

M
= 5.2 m
= 551.3 5.2 25 3 1.6 (5.2 1.5) 197.6 (5.2 3.0)

= 1988 kNm
(cf 1993 kN)
Applied shear force

V
= 551.3 25 3 1.6 197.6

= 233.7 kN
(cf 233 kN)
Web classification
d eff =
dt
40 t
1
= 225 mm
= 0.5d o
d eff
40 10 0 .89
= 123.5 1
225
= 0.89
2
<0
So web is Class 2. Use plastic properties of Tee

Shear stress =
233 .7 10 3
=
247 10
95 N/mm2
Properties of Top Tee
250yp
500yp
yp
= 10 123.5 + 250 (25 yp )

= 7485
= 15.0 mm
Rev
RML
Checks at circular opening at 5.2 m from support

h
25
Made by
CALCULATION SHEET
25
of
low shear
Job No.
BCB 896
Job Title
FABSEC Q.A.
Subject
Client

Telephone: (01344) 623345
Fax: (01344) 622944
FABSEC
Sheet
20
of
25
Rev
Made by
RML
Date
Jan 02
Checked by
MSB
Date
Feb 02
CALCULATION SHEET
2
2
10 123 .5 72 + 250 10 + 15 345 10 6
2
= 44.7 kNm
= 250 25 + 123.5 10
= 7485 mm2
Mt
At
Bottom Tee Same properties
Composite bending resistance at opening
Rq
R a ' = 110 mm
R b- Rq
a1
=
=
=
747 + 95 15
827 mm
95 + 15 = 110 mm
R a = 827 mm
Rb
Tensile resistance of bottom Tee

Rb
= 7485 345 10 3
= 2582 kN
Longitudinal shear resistance

Rq = NPd
From shear connection layout,
N
5200 300
= 32.7, say 33 No.
150
Rq = 33 72 = 2376 kN < Rb
Bending resistance
=
=
= Rb a (Rb Rq ) a1
2582 0.827 206 0.11
2113 kNm
Unity Factor = 1988/2113
= 0.94
(cf 0.93)
Job No.
BCB 896
Job Title
FABSEC Q.A.
Subject
Client

Telephone: (01344) 623345
Fax: (01344) 622944
FABSEC
Sheet
21
Date
Jan 02
Checked by
MSB
Date
Feb 02
2Mt (1 0.942 )+ 2Mb (1 0.94 2 )

2 44.7 0.12 + 2 44.7 0.12
21.5 kNm
Vierendeel bending resistance due to composite action

By inspection,
N = 2
Rq = 2 72 = 144 kN
Mvc = 144 (15 + 95) 10 3
= 15.8 kNm
(cf 38 kNm)
Applied Vierendeel moment

M
= Vo
= 233.7 0.5 0.45
= 52.6 kNm
Unity Factor =
52.6
37 .3
(cf 52 kNm)
= 1.41
(cf 1.38)
Construction Stage
= (1.6 0.5 + 1.4 2.2) 6 3 (5.2 2 2.2)
= 573 kNm
(cf 576 kNm)
Moment
Shear force = (1.6 0.5 + 1.4 2.2) 6 3

= 69.8 kN
T
T
=
Rb
M
=
l a l 1a
800
2582
573
0.11 )
(0.826
800 kN
= 0.31

= 2Mt (1 0.312 )+ 2Mb (1 0.31 2 )
= 2 2 44.7 0.90
= 161.6 kNm
(cf 159 kNm)
Rev
RML
= 21.5 + 15.8
= 37.3 kNm
25
Made by
CALCULATION SHEET
=
=
=
of
Job No.
BCB 896
Job Title
FABSEC Q.A.
Subject
Client

Telephone: (01344) 623345
Fax: (01344) 622944
FABSEC
Sheet
22
Date
Jan 02
Checked by
MSB
Date
Feb 02
(cf 16 kNm)
(cf 0.10)
Checks for Elongated Opening at 3.9 m from support

h
155
=
=
300
3.9
= 400 +400
6
660 mm
h = 3.9/6x400+400
= 660 mm
155
25
600
Applied moment at x = 3.9 m

M
= 551.3 3.9 197.6 0.9 25 3 1.6 2.4

= 2150 178 288
= 1684 kNm
(cf 1689 kNm)
Applied shear force

V
= 551.3 197.6 25 3 1.6

= 233.7 kN
(cf 235 kN)
Web classification
d eff =
40 t
dt 1
40 10 0 .89
155 1
450
= 94.8
Limiting
d eff
t
9t = 80
So web is Class 2. Use elastic section properties of Tee

Rev
RML
Vierendeel moment
25
25
Made by
CALCULATION SHEET
Vo = 69.8 0.5 0.45

= 15.7 kNm
15 .7
Unity Factor =
= 0.10
161 .6
of

Telephone: (01344) 623345
Fax: (01344) 622944
Job No.
BCB 896
Job Title
FABSEC Q.A.
Subject
Client
FABSEC
Sheet
23
of
RML
Date
Jan 02
Checked by
MSB
Date
Feb 02
250
25
155
10
ye
=
=
Ixf
10 155 102 .5 + 250 25 2 /2

250 25 + 10 155
237 .8
= 30.4 mm
7.8
= 10 155 (102.5 30.4) 2 + 250 25 (30.4 12.5)2 + 10 155 3 /12

= 8.1 106 + 2.0 10 6 +3.1 106
= 13.2 10 6 mm4
Zxf =
13.2 10 6
= 88.2 10 3 mm3
(180 30.4 )
Mt = 88.2 10 3 345 10 6
= 30.4 kNm
At
= 25 250 + 10 155 = 7800 mm2
Composite bending res istance at opening

Rq
R a ' = 128 mm
R q- R b
R a = 726 mm
Rb
=
=
1
a =
=
where
Rev
Made by
CALCULATION SHEET
Top Tee/
Bottom Tee
25
660 + 130 0.5x c 31

726 mm
130 0.5x c + 31 mm
128 mm
x c = 66 mm (see below)

Telephone: (01344) 623345
Fax: (01344) 622944
Job No.
BCB 896
Job Title
FABSEC Q.A.
Subject
Client
FABSEC
Sheet
24
of
25
Rev
Made by
RML
Date
Jan 02
Checked by
MSB
Date
Feb 02
CALCULATION SHEET
= 7800 345
Tensile resistance of bottom Tee

Rb = 2691 kN
Rc
0.45fcu Be (Ds Dp )
= 0.45 30 (3900/2) (130 60)
= 1842 kN
Longitudinal shear resistance

3900 300
= 24
150
= 72 24 = 1728 kN < R c
Rq = NPd
Rq
where N =
Depth of concrete in compression, x c

Bending resistance
Rq
0 .45 f cu B e
1728 10 3
0.45 30 3900 / 2
= Rb a (Rb Rq ) a1
= 2691 0.726 (2691 1728) 0.128

= 1954 123
= 1831 kNm
Unity Factor =
1684
1831
(cf 1905 kNm)

= 0.91
(cf 0.89)

=
=
=
2Mt (1 0.912 )+ 2Mb (1 0.91 2 )

2 2 30.4 0.21
25.3 kNm
(cf 27 kNm)
Vierendeel bending resistance due to composite action

Mvc = NPd a 1where N =
= 3 72 128 10 -3
450
= 3
150
= 27.6 kNm

= 25.3 + 27.6
= 52.9 kNm
Applied Vierendeel moment
= Vo
where = 600 150
= 450
(cf 51 kNm)
= 66 mm

Telephone: (01344) 623345
Fax: (01344) 622944
Job No.
BCB 896
Job Title
FABSEC Q.A.
Subject
Client
FABSEC
Sheet
Unity Factor
105
52.9
Jan 02
Checked by
MSB
Date
Feb 02
(cf 2.08)
Moment = (1.6 0.5 + 1.4 2.2) 6 3 (3.9 2 0.9)

= 482 kNm
(cf 503 kNm)
Shear force = (1.6 0.5 + 1.4 2.2) 6 3

V
= 69.8kN
(cf 74.0 kNm)

T
T/Rb =
(l
M
a
l 1a
806
2691
482
(726 128 ) 10 3
806 kN
= 0.30
Reduce Vierendeel bending resistance of steel section

=
2Mt (1 0.302 )+ 2Mb (1 0.30 2 )
2 2 30.4 0.91
110.6 kNm
(cf 113 kNm)
Vierendeel moment
=
Vo = 69.8 0.45
= 31.4 kNm
Unity Factor =
31.4
110 .6
= 0.28
Rev
Date
Construction Stage
25
RML
(cf 106 kNm)
= 1.98
of
Made by
CALCULATION SHEET
Mv = 233.7 0.45
= 105 kNm
25
(cf 33.2 kNm)

(cf 0.30)
Commentary on Worked Example 1

1.
At 800 mm depth, d/t = 75 > 63, so the shear resistance is based on a shear buckling
resistance in accordance with BS 5950-1:2000. Appendix H.
2.
Fbeam includes the concrete in the ribs of the decking which spans parallel to the beam,
which leads to a greater moment resistance.
3.
For simplicity, the hand calculation for Rw assumes no reduction due to web classification.
A check shows the web to be Class 3 at this cross-section, and Fbeam uses the effective
section of the web.
4.
The degree of shear connection in Fbeam is only 0.69 because the concrete in the ribs of the
decking is included (but not in the hand calculations).
5.
These simplified hand calculations show that the degree of shear connection is adequate,
but Fbeam requires one more shear connector.
6.
At 750 mm depth, d/t > 63, so the section resistance should be reduced for the effects of
shear buckling according to BS 5950-1: 2000 Annex H, but this is ignored for these hand
calculations.
7.
For simplicity, the plastic neutral axis is assumed to be in middle of the top flange.
8.
The increase in shear force is checked here over a 3 m length from the LH support, for
simplicity. Fbeam checks the increase between each successive pair of points at 1/50th of
the span along the beam.
9.
Fbeam reduces the applied force at the change point according to the Utilisation Factor (UF)
at that point.
10.
The software uses a more sophisticated m factor approach, as in BS 5950-1: 2000.
11.
This formula is obtained from publication SCI-P-078, Commentary on BS5950: Part 3:

Section 3.1 Composite beams, and neglects the concrete in the ribs.
12.
This formula is approximate, but Fbeam calculates the deflection by integrating the section
properties for the whole beam span.
13.
The value of the second moment of area, I, from the Fbeam output is used here.
14.
This formula uses the degree of shear connection from the Fbeam output at the position of
the maximum moment, which is not at mid-span.
15.
This difference in these values is due to the approximation of I in these hand calcs.
16.
The concrete in the ribs is neglected in calculating the composite stiffness.
17.
The additional loads are ignored in these hand calcs. Fbeam includes all loading in an
energy method for deflection calculations which divides the beam into 51 elements.
18.
The applied moment is the Fbeam output value.
19.
This force diagram is a simplification because it assumes that the forces are developed in the
concrete slab before forces are applied to the top Tee.

Worked Example 1 - Composite Beam - Normal Design

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