Status of South Asian Chiroptera 2002

Status of South Asian Chiroptera
Conservation Assessment and Management Plan

(C.A.M.P.) Workshop Report, 2002
Editors
Sanjay Molur, G. Marimuthu, C. Srinivasulu, Sharoukh Mistry, Anthony M. Hutson,
Paul J.J. Bates, Sally Walker, K. Padma Priya and A.R. Binu Priya
Authors
Participants of the C.A.M.P. Workshop
Conservation Breeding Specialist Group, South Asia
Workshop hosted by
Department of Animal Behaviour and Physiology, School of Biological Sciences
Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 21-25 January 2002
Published by:
Zoo Outreach Organisation and Conservation Breeding Specialist Group South Asia in collaboration
with Wildlife Information & Liaison Development Society
Copyright:
Zoo Outreach Organisation 2002
This publication can be reproduced for educational and non-commercial purposes without prior permission (in writing)
from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged.
Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior permission (in writing)
of the copyright holder.
ISBN:
81-88722-01-4 (CD-Rom)
Citation:
S. Molur, G. Marimuthu, C. Srinivasulu, S. Mistry, A.M. Hutson, P.J.J. Bates, S. Walker, K. Padma Priya
and A.R. Binu Priya (Editors) (2002). Status of South Asian Chiroptera: Conservation Assessment and
Management Plan (C.A.M.P.) Workshop Report, 2002. Zoo Outreach Organisation, CBSG South Asia
and WILD, Coimbatore, India, CD-Rom.
Cover design, layout and produced by: Zoo Outreach Organisation

CD designed, produced and printed by: Sunbeam Systems, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
The international boundaries of India reproduced in this book are neither purported to be correct nor authentic by the
Survey of India directives.
The contents of this book do not reflect the views of Zoo Outreach Organisation or any of the participating organizations.
This CD-Rom has been made possible with the contributions of the following organizations: Chester Zoological Gardens /
North of England Zoological Society, Bat Conservation International, Columbus Zoo Conservation Fund and Metro
Toronto Zoo.
Report No. 21. (2002). Zoo Outreach Organisation / Conservation Breeding Specialist Group, South Asia,
PB 1683, 29/1 Bharathi Colony, Peelamedu, Coimbatore 641004, Tamil Nadu, India
Ph. 91 422 2561087, 2561743; Fax: 91 422 2563269
Email: zooreach@vsnl.com / herpinvert@vsnl.com; Website: www.zooreach.org
Cover photo:
Rousettus leschenaulti by Sanjay Molur

Conservation Assessment and Management Plan (C.A.M.P.) Workshop Report, 2002
CONTENTS
Authors / Participants
ii - iv
Participating institutions
Sponsors
vi
Acknowledgement
vii - viii
Executive Summary
1-8
Report
9 - 50
Taxon Data Sheets
51 - 252
Maps
253 - 274
Appendices
275 - 302
References
303 - 316
Index
317 - 320
South Asian Chiroptera C.A.M.P. Report, 2002
AUTHORS / PARTICIPANTS
Mr. Md. Azad Ali
C/o. Md. Keramat Ali
Srimantapur, P.O. Indrapur
Guwahati 781 032, Assam
Tel: 91-361-2451155 (R)
Dr. Paul J.J. Bates
Harrison Zoological Museum
Bowerwood House,
St. Botolphs Road, Seven Oaks,
Kent TN13 3AQ, U.K.
Tel: 44-1732-453814,
Fax: 44-1732-742446
hzm@btinternet.com
Mr. J.C. Daniel
Bombay Natural History Society
Hornbill House,
S.B. Singh Road
Mumbai 400 023, Maharashtra
Tel: 91-22-282181
Mr. P.M.C.B. Digana
No.12/1, Bellanwila Road,
Divulpitira Divapitiya,
Boralesgamuwa, Sri Lanka
Tel: 94-077-308704
Fax: 94-1-694754
Mr. D.P. Swami Doss
Dept of Zoology,
St. Johns College,
Palayamkottai 627 002, T.N.
Tel: 91-462-2333331
Dr. V. Elangovan
Department of Animal Behaviour
& Physiology,
School of Biological Sciences,
Madurai Kamaraj University,
Madurai 625 021, Tamil Nadu
elango70@yahoo.com
Mr. A.C. Girish
No.109, Ravindranagar
Hassan 573 201, Karnataka
Tel: 91-8172-67796
ii
Dr. N. Gopukumar
& Physiology,
Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu
gopukumar99@hotmail.com
Dr. Anthony Hutson
IUCN SSC Chiroptera Specialist
Group, Winkfield, Station Road,
Plumpton Green
East Sussex BN7 3BU, U.K.
Tel: 44-1273-890341
Fax: 44-1273-890859
hutsont@pavilion.co.uk
Mr. J. King Immanuel
Department of Zoology
St. Johns College
Palayamkottai 627 002, T.N.
Tel: 91-4633-261586
Dr. Dilip S. Joshi
Zoology Department
Ahmednagar College
Ahmednagar 414 001, M.S.
Tel: 91-241-2321212
Fax: 91-241-2322415
dsjoshi@pn3.vsnl.net.in
Dr. Sripathi Kandula
& Physiology,
Tel: 91-452-2458479 (O), 2458279
sribat@rediffmail.com
Mr. A. John Koilraj
& Physiology,
Mr. Ghanshyam H. Koli

Zoology Department, Ahmednagar
College, Ahmednagar 414 001
Tel: 91-241-2321212
bob_koli@yahoo.com
Dr. A. Madhavan
Kailath Tharavadu
Paralam, Thrissur 680 575
Tel: 91-487-2278411
Dr. G. Marimuthu
& Physiology,
Tel: 91-452-2459116
Fax: 91-452-2459139
mari@pronet.net.in
Dr. Shahroukh Mistry
Biology Department, Grinnell
College, Grinnell IA 50112, USA
Tel: 1-641-2694542
Fax: 1-641-2694285
mistrys@grinnell.edu
Dr. Manoj Muni
B-3/501, Lok Milan, Chandivali
Farm Road, Chandivali
Mumbai 400 072, Maharashtra
Tel: 91-22-28523520
muni_eia@hotmail.com
Dr. P. Thiruchenthil Nathan
& Physiology,
parthasarathynathan@rediffmail.com
Dr. Kulam Nathar

H.K.R.H. College
Uthamapalayam 625 533, Theni
natthar@rediffmail.com
Mr. Augustine Noble
P.M.T. College,
Melaneelithanallur
Tirunelveli 627 953, T.N.
Dr. P. Padmanabhan
Kerala Forest Research Institute
Peechi, Trichur 680 653, Kerala
Tel: 91-487-2282037
Fax: 91-487-2282249
libkfri@md2.vsnl.met.in
Ms. P.J. Eswari Pandaranayaka
& Physiology,
eswaripj@yahoo.com
Dr. M.S. Pradhan
Zoological Survey of India
WRS, Rawet Road, Sector No.29
Vidyanagari, PCNTDA Post
Pune 411 044
Tel: 020-7655213
Fax: 020-7652564
zsipune@mah.nic.in
Ms. E. Yuvana Satiya Priya
& Physiology,
Tel: 91-452-2459116
yuvana76@yahoo.com
Mr. H. Raghuram
& Physiology,
Tel: 91-452-2459116
Mr. S. Pravin Raj Solomon
& Physiology,
Tel: 91-452-2458264 (R)
Mr. R. Rajasekar
& Physiology,
Tel: 91-452-2459116
Mr. K. Seedikkoya
M.E.S. Manpad College
Malappuram Dist. 676 542
kskkotta@yahoo.in
Mr. Kalu Ram Senacha
Dept Zoology, J.N.V. University
Jodhpur 342 005, Rajasthan
Ph 91-291-2720839 (O), 2745678
senacha@yahoo.com
Dr. V.S. Korad
Fergusson College
Pune 411 004, Maharashtra
Tel: 91-20-5467709
koradvishakha@yahoo.com
Dr. Tej Kumar Shrestha
Central Department of Zoology
Tribhuvan University
G.P.O. Box 6133
Kathmandu, Nepal
Tel: 977-1-279748
drtks@ccsl.com.np
Dr. E.A.A. Shukkur

Department of Zoology (Div.
Wildlife Biology)
Farook College, Calicut
University, Calicut 673 632.
Tel: 91-493-2720548, 2720848
Mr. N. Singaravelan
& Physiology,
sings@rediffmail.com
Dr. Y.P. Sinha
Gangetic Plains Regional Station
Road No.11 D, Rajendra Nagar
Patna 800016, Bihar
Tel: 91-612-2670686 (O), 2350332
Dr. K.S. Sreepada
Department of Applied Zoology
Mangalore University
Mangalagangotri 574 199,
Tel: 91-824-448391; 742373 (R)
Fax: 91-824-742367
sripad_k@yahoo.com
Dr. C. Srinivasulu
Wildlife Biology Section
Univeristy College of Science
Osmania University
Hyderabad 500 007
Tel: 91-40-27682218 (O);
27797223 (R)
masawa@hd2.dot.net.in
Mr. Khin Maung Swe
University of Yangon
Room No.24, Building 355
West Yankin, Yangon, Myanmar
Tel/Fax: 95-1-501599
SST@mptmail.net.mm
iii
Mrs. Adora Thabah

Solar View Cottage
Upper Mawprem
Shillong 793 002, Meghalaya
Tel: 91-364-2241667
apatyler@hotmail.com;
A.Thabah@bristol.ac.uk
Dr. Juliet Vanitharani
Goshen, 45, Bharathi Nagar
Tirunelveli 627 007, T.N.
Tel: 91-462-2531261
juliet@sancharnet.in;
jvanitharani@hotmail.com
Dr. D. Kranti Yardi

Plot 6, Shailesh Society
Nav Sahyadri Post
Pune 411 052
Tel: 91-20-5444821
ykranti@hotmail.com
Dr. Wipula Bandara Yapa
University of Colombo
Colombo 03
Sri Lanka
Tel/ Fax: 94-1-694754
geethika@nsf.ac.lk
Participants from Zoo Outreach Organization ZOO and

Wildlife Information Liaison Development WILD
29/1, Bharathi Colony, Peelamedu, Coimbatore 641 004, Tamil Nadu
Tel: 91-422-2561087; Fax: 91-422-2563269; Email: zooreach@vsnl.com / herpinvert@vsnl.com
Official Facilitators
Official Recorders
Workshop Assistants
Ms. Sally Walker

Organizer, CBSG South Asia
Convenor & Administrative Chair
CCINSA and CSG, SA
zooreach@vsnl.com
Dr. B.A. Daniel

Entomologist
icinsa@vsnl.net
Mr. B. Ravichandran
Office Associate
zoo_office@vsnl.net
Ms. A.R. Binu Priya

Research Associate
zoo_office@vsnl.net
Ms. J. Sheela
Office Supervisor
zoo_office@vsnl.net
Mr. Sanjay Molur

Organizer, Red List Advisor,
CBSG South Asia
herpinvert@vsnl.com
Mrs. Latha G. Ravikumar

Senior Manager / Financial Officer
zoo_office@vsnl.net
Ms. K. Padma Priya
Research Associate
zoo_office@vsnl.net
Ms. Hanneke de Boer
Volunteer, Netherlands
hy_deboer@hotmail.com
iv
Participating Institutions
Ahmednagar College
Ahmednagar
Maharashtra, India
B.N. College
Department of Zoology,
Dhubri
Assam, India
Bombay Natural History Society
Mumbai
Maharashtra, India
Chiroptera Specialist Group
SSC IUCN
Cambridge, United Kingdom
Farook College
Division of Wildlife Biology
Kozhikode
Kerala, India
Fergusson College
Pune
Maharashtra, India
Grinnell College
Department of Biology
Grinnell, United States of America
H.K.R.H. College
Theni
Tamil Nadu, India
Seven Oaks
Kent, England
J.N.V. University
Department of Zoology,
Jodhpur
Rajasthan, India
Kerala Forest Research Institute

Thrissur
Kerala, India
Tribhuvan University
Central Department of Zoology
Kathmandu, Nepal
M.E.S. Manpad College

Malappuram
Kerala, India
University of Bristol
Bristol
United Kingdom
Madurai Kamaraj University

& Physiology
School of Biological Sciences
Madurai
Tamil Nadu, India
University of Colombo
Colombo, Sri Lanka
University of Yangon
Myanmar
Mangalore University
Department of Applied Zoology
Mysore
Karnataka, India
Wildlife Information & Liaison

Development Society
Coimbatore
Tamil Nadu, India
Osmania University
Wildlife Biology Section
University College of Science
Hyderabad
Andhra Pradesh, India
Zoo Outreach Organization

Coimbatore
Tamil Nadu, India
P.M.T. College
Tirunelveli
Tamil Nadu, India
Sarah Tucker College for
Women
Tirunelveli,
Tamil Nadu, India

Gangetic Plains Regional Station,
Patna
Bihar, India
Western Regional Station
Pune
Maharashtra, India
St. Johns College

Palayamkottai
Tamil Nadu, India
Conservation Assessment and Management Plan Workshop (C.A.M.P.)
South Asian Chiroptera
Sponsors
Chester Zoological Gardens / North of England Zoological Society
Bat Conservation International (BCI)
Columbus Zoo Conservation Fund
Metro-Toronto Zoo
Host
Department of Animal Behaviour and Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University
Organisers
Conservation Breeding Specialist Group, South Asia (CBSG, SA)
Chiroptera Conservation and Information Network of South Asia (CCINSA)
Zoo Outreach Organisation (ZOO)
Collaborators
IUCN SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group (IUCN SSC CBSG)
IUCN SSC Chiroptera Specialist Group (CSG)
IUCN SSC Regional Biodiversity Programme, Asia
Wildlife Information & Liaison Development Society (WILD)
vi
Acknowledgements
A Conservation Assessment and Management Plan Workshop is in many ways a phenomenon. With the
collaboration and cooperation of a great number of people, it could not come about in the first instant and could
never be completed successfully. The three stages of a C.A.M.P. planning, implementation and follow-up are
all exercises in chaotic activity and grueling work. The people who help it happen, planners, participants as
well as those who put together the Report deserve special credit, which is the purpose of this page.
Preparation: preparation for a C.A.M.P. primarily involves putting together two important lists: 1) a list of
potential participants and 2) a list of target species. Assembling a list of participants for just any workshop may
not be so difficult but for a C.A.M.P. one wants people who have genuine information field biologists,
taxonomists, foresters who have studied the target taxa. There are few readymade lists of these people so
hunting them down demands painstaking work. The list of taxa also is not straightforward in India and South
Asia this requires collecting species lists from many sources and verifying each species and subspecies with
published references. It also requires tracking down all synonyms and common names and recent taxonomic
modifications. Preparation also requires collecting all published sources of field surveys, sightings and
identifications for reference in the workshop. It takes months. For this we should thank first our Chiroptera
Conservation and Information Network members who sent articles and reprints for our use. Also many thanks
to P.O. Nameer for his painstaking research list of Chiroptera and Paul Bates for his excellent book, Bats of
the Indian Subcontinent. Finally but most, we must thank our Research Associate K. Padma Priya who
coordinated all lists of people and animals, briefing material, sources, invitations, schedules and travel; as well
as Latha G. Ravi Kumar, A.R. Binu Priya, J. Sheela, B.A. Daniel, A. Jyoti Maler, B. Ravichandran, S.
Saroja, Geetha Kannan, S. Sudha, K. Krishnaveni, Sonali Lahiri, Arul Jegadeesh, Hanneke de Boer,
Senthilkumar and Manju Siliwal who assisted with various stages of the C.A.M.P. There were many, many
late nights and frayed nerves, with some learning a new computer programme so they could input data directly
during the C.A.M.P. and others designing and printing bat masks so we could break the tension with a bit of
fun.
Implementation: When the C.A.M.P. begins, no matter how much you tell the participants to be prepared for
hard work, nobody can quite believe what this actually entails. Filling out 8-page Taxon Data Sheets with
information that you might have come across in the field years ago, arguing with other participants, facilitators,
learning the brain-boggling IUCN Red List Criteria takes its toll. The first night that you work till 9 or 10 p.m.
is kind of fun something different for a workshop but by the 3rd and 4th days (and nights) of filling in the
ubiquitous sheets, participants are wondering what kind of monsters invented the C.A.M.P. Workshop. By the
last day when everyone thinks they cant part with another piece of information, suddenly its over there is a
list of species which have been carefully assessed and categorized using IUCNs Red List Criteria and
Categories and more information on any one than has ever been compiled before. This information will go into
a Report that can be used to save species. This makes it all worthwhile. The participants are not the only ones
to suffer. C.A.M.P. recorders, which come from CBSG, South Asia, also sit up late at night with strained eyes
and aching backs to record information in a computerized database. This makes it possible for participants to
take home a draft report right from the workshop. For this we must thank Latha G. Ravi Kumar, A.R. Binu
Priya, K. Padma Priya, Hanneke de Boer and B.A. Daniel for their hours of recording as well as B.
Ravichandran and J. Sheela for duplicating the report in such a short time.
Even then, it is not over. Participants take home the Taxon Data Sheets and make corrections and supply
missing information and send it back. It is another long, difficult task to incorporate the information, rectify the
Taxon Data Sheets and organize the material for writing the Report. It takes many hours of many days over
many weeks of checking and rechecking data. A.R. Binu Priya and K. Padma Priya probably dream nightly
about bat taxon data sheets and we thank them as well as the many office staff who assembled the actual book.
vii
Our host G. Marimuthu of the School of Animal Behaviour and Physiology, Madurai Kamaraj University, and
his team deserve much credit for hosting the workshop and putting up with the many unusual requests required
to keep more than 40 bat biologists happy enough to stick around for a full five days.
We should also thank our guests from far away, Tony Hutson, Co-chair, IUCN SSC Chiroptera Specialist
Group, Paul Bates and Dr. Sharoukh Mistry, Indian field biologist from USA, for coming all the way to
contribute to the workshop. Many participants endured travel hardships (such as the team from Ahmednagar
who drove 1000 kilometers in a jeep to attend the workshop) and all gave one full week out of their lives to
make the workshop work.
Now the Report is out, all of us must utilize it to the maximum to ensure the survival of all species of
Chiroptera of South Asia.
Sally Walker and Sanjay Molur, Facilitators and Organizers
Conservation Assessment and Management Plan Workshop for South Asian Chiroptera
viii
Executive Summary
Conservation Assessment and Management Plan (C.A.M.P.)

Workshop for Chiroptera of South Asia
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Introduction
A Conservation Assessment and Management Plan (C.A.M.P.) Workshop for South Asian Chiroptera
assessed a total of 120 of the 123 species of bats occurring in South Asia according to the 2001 IUCN Red List
Criteria and made conservation, research and management recommendations on the basis of the assessments.
The five-day workshop was conducted from 21-25 January 2002 at the Department of Animal Behaviour and
Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai. A total of 43 bat experts
including currently active field biologists from 25 scientific institutions from Nepal, Sri Lanka, India, Myanmar,
U.K. and U.S.A. participated in the workshop.
The workshop was facilitated and coordinated by the IUCN SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Groups
regional network for South Asia (CBSG, South Asia). The IUCN/SSC Chiroptera Specialist Group was
represented by its Co-Chair. Other organizers and collaborators were the Chiroptera Conservation and
Information Network of South Asia (CCINSA), Department of Animal Behaviour & Physiology, Madurai
Kamaraj University, Zoo Outreach Organisation (ZOO), and Wildlife Information & Liaison Development
Society (WILD). The workshop was sponsored by Chester Zoo/North of England Zoological Society, Bat
Conservation International, Columbus Zoo Conservation Fund and Metro-Toronto Zoo.
The workshop was also a five-year review of an earlier C.A.M.P. for Mammals of India conducted in 1997 at
the Centre for Ecological Sciences, Bangalore, under the auspices of the Biodiversity Conservation
Prioritisation Project (BCPP) for India. The current exercise extended its mandate to the political unit of South
Asia. The review aimed to rectify the 50% data deficienct species that characterized the 1997 assessments of
Indian bats by increasing the number of chiroptera specialists participating. For this a network of chiroptera
field biologists was formed and provided with information and a series of tasks, which helped in bringing
together biologists and data for the workshop.
The C.A.M.P. Process
The Conservation Assessment and Management Plan (C.A.M.P.) Process was developed by the IUCN SSC
Conservation Breeding Specialist Group (CBSG) initially to assist zoos to prioritise species for conservation
breeding but now as a tool of IUCN for assessing species for the Red List of Threatened Animals and as a
means of assisting the regional and national biodiversity planning process. A C.A.M.P. workshop brings
together a broad spectrum of experts and stakeholders (e.g., wildlife managers, biologists, representatives of the
academic community or private sector, researchers, government officials and captive managers) who contribute
data from field studies which is used by the workshop to evaluate the current status of species, populations and
habitats and make recommendations for specific conservation-oriented research, management and public
education. C.A.M.P.s are run according to a philosophy of sharing information, resolving conflict, putting
conservation of species first and achieving consensus to forward conservation action.
A C.A.M.P. Workshop is intensive and interactive which facilitates objective and systematic discussion of
research and management actions needed for species conservation, both in situ and ex situ. Information and
recommendations are compiled for each species on a Taxon Data Sheet, which also provides documentation of
the reasoning behind recommendations of the criteria used for deriving a status. All assessments were ratified
by participants in plenary sessions with much discussion ultimately leading to consensus within the workshop.
The results of the initial C.A.M.P. workshops are reviewed by workshop participants in varying iterations and
as a Report to experts and other users of the information in the greater conservation community.
After assessments have been completed, participants form special issue working groups to highlight problem
areas which have been identified during the workshop for further discussion, and formulate recommendations.
Some participants make personal commitments to carry out these recommendations.
The 2001 IUCN Red List Criteria (Version 3.1)
The C.A.M.P. workshop process employs the IUCN Red List Criteria as a tool in assessing species status in a
group of taxa. The structure of the categories includes extinct, threatened, non-threatened, data deficient and
not evaluated divisions. In the last decade IUCN has improved the method of assessment of species by
incorporating numerical values attached to the different criteria for threat categories. The 2001version of the
Red List threatened categories are derived through a set of 5 criteria (population reduction, restricted
distribution, continuing decline and fluctuation; restricted population and probability of extinction) based on
which the threatened category is assigned. The term threatened according to the 2001 IUCN categories
means Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable.
The Workshop
The Order Chiroptera contains 1,001 species of bats, which are the only volant mammals. Bats are subcategorized as Megachiroptera (fruit bats) and Microchiroptera (insectivorous bats), on the basis of their
specialization in feeding habits and morphological adaptations. Chiroptera is the second largest mammal group.
Bats are not popular mammals. They are viewed with fear and revulsion for such habits as poaching ripe fruits
from orchards and defecating on public pathways. Conflict with fruit farmers provoked the Indian government
to list fruit bats as vermin in 1972 in the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, which persists even today.
In other South Asian countries bats are given no protection, or are listed negatively, e.g. being specifically
exempted from protective legislation! A strong motivation for organizing and conducting the C.A.M.P.
workshop was to collect information for use in generating support for basic legal protection of these biotically
useful animals. The role of bats in regeneration of forests, dispersing seeds and pollen and in consumption of
harmful insects has been well documented in scientific papers from around the world. Unfortunately, such
ecological studies are sparse in South Asia and the lack of this information was noted at the workshop.
South Asian Chiroptera number 123 species with about 139 valid subspecies designated within. The C.A.M.P.
assessment was conducted only at the species level. Chiroptera species constitute about one third of the
mammalian diversity of the (political) region.
The final assessment figures are given numerically in the Table below :
Status of Chiroptera of South Asia C.A.M.P. 2002

Category
Endemic to
Not
South Asia
endemic
Critically Endangered CR
1
1
Endangered EN
4
5
Vulnerable VU
4
16
Near Threatened NT
2
30
Least Concern LC
4
45
Data Deficient DD
2
6
Not Evaluated NE
0
3
17
106
Total
number
2
9
20
32
49
8
3
123
Seventeen species of bats are endemic to South Asia. Only 8 of the 123 species of South Asian Chiroptera
assessed in the C.A.M.P. workshop have been categorized as Data Deficient, a high contrast to 52 out of 102
Indian species, which were assessed at the 1997 Mammal C.A.M.P. workshop.
Threats to bats include human interference leading to habitat loss, loss of habitat quality, deforestation, direct
human interference both in forest areas and in human settlements where bats have colonized. Although 40% of
Chiroptera were assessed and categorized as Least Concern there is yet reason for vigilance even for these
species. The assessment was conducted at the species level only, which did not include at least 139 subspecies,
some of them highly restricted to small areas such as Andaman & Nicobar Islands and Sri Lanka. These
subspecies and even individual populations of species may be under tremendous pressure leading to loss of
biodiversity and resulting ecological impact.
Recommendations
Research recommendations confirmed that bats are one of the least studied mammalian groups in the region.
Information for many species is based only on museum or literature references, with no recent population or
distributional information. Therefore, chiroptera surveys make up the primary research recommendation for
nearly all bats (120 species). Ecological studies were also very strongly recommended for better understanding
of the status and economic value of species as well as to provide justification for upgrading bats in national
legislation. Other research recommendations include life history studies, limiting factor research, taxonomic
studies, genetic studies, and population and habitat viability analysis.
Management recommendations focused on the need for periodic monitoring to follow surveys, the lack of
which has hindered the understanding of population structure and dynamics of bats of the region. Other
recommendations included habitat management and public awareness. Habitat management is crucial from not
only conserving roost areas such as caves, trees, old buildings, temples and wells, but also in conserving its
sources of food, be it fruits or insects. Education should form a part of management as man is the only genuine
threat to bats.
Field surveys, monitoring and conservation priorities were discussed by the Working Group. The group
recommended surveys in unknown or unsurveyed localities, surveys of all the 8 Data Deficient species and
resurveys in some areas where bats seemed to have disappeared. Modern scientific field techniques for field
studies should be utilized with conservation as the first priority of the studies. Training was recommended for
this as well as for identification of bat species so that monitoring is effective. In regard to monitoring, bats
should be included in association with routine wildlife monitoring as well as in Environmental Impact
Assessment (including effect of pesticides). Threatened species should be prioritised so that their population
trends can be ascertained. Study and documentation of pollination and seed dispersal by bats in different
ecosystems, would help improve the image of bats. For captive management, two Indian endemic bats were
recommended for captive breeding programmes, Hipposideros durgadasi (Khajuria, 1970) and Latidens
salimalii Thonglongya, 1972. Forty species were recommended for captive management for education and
public awareness.
Legislation and policy issues included a priority recommendation as the removal of Megachiroptera or fruit bats
from Schedule V (Vermin) of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 with legislation to extend to other
species of Chiroptera. Over time, legislation and forest management plans and guidelines should include
control measures for disturbance, selling, bartering whole or parts of bats, protection of key roosting sites and
important habitats of bats, particularly of threatened and endemic species. Migratory bat species should be
identified and appropriate international agreement drafted.
Bat taxonomy was discussed by working group members with particular focus on rectifying the ever growing
lacunae in qualified bat taxonomists, coordinating access to collections in the region, capacity building and
development of taxonomic keys for easier identification.
A temple bats working group recommended simple but effective methods to promote the need for protecting
bats in Bats in temples and tourism sites. The group recommended that when the need for disturbing bats in
tourism sites arises, the cave authority and tourism authority should investigate and arrange alternate habitat for
bats.
Education working group members discussed a strategy for tackling the negative attitudes towards bats which
consisted of a variety of educational activities, items and projects aimed at audiences of different ages and in
different strata of society.
During a session devoted to personal commitments there were many pledges to conduct educational and
awareness activities for all levels of people, to start bat clubs, and to conduct a variety of research projects.
Some of the projects included to study Nepal and Myanmar cave bats, pollination and seed dispersal in a forest
ecosystem; to coordinate the import of bat detectors; develop a model for a bat box appropriate for South Asian
environment. Other commitments included working against illegal trade of bats, adopting of orphaned bats,
mapping of bats in South Asia, working for upgradation of legislation, making available the Bombay Natural
History Society collections for study and preparation of bat education materials for use by all participants and
zoos.
List of South Asian Chiroptera assessed in the

Conservation Assessment and Management Plan Workshop, Madurai, 2002
Scientific name and status
Areilulus circumdatus (Temminck, 1840) - LC
Asellia tridens (Geoffroy, E., 1813) - NE
Barbastella leucomelas (Cretzschmar, 1830/31) - NT
Coelops frithii Blyth, 1848 - NT
Cynopterus brachyotis (Muller, 1838) - LC
Cynopterus sphinx (Vahl, 1797) - LC
Eonycteris spelaea (Dobson, 1871) - LC
Eptesicus bottae (Peters, 1869) - DD
Eptesicus gobiensis Bobrinskii, 1926 - DD
Eptesicus nasutus (Dobson, 1877) - DD
Eptesicus pachyotis (Dobson, 1871) - DD
Eptesicus serotinus (Schreber, 1774) - NT
Eptesicus tatei Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951 - DD
Harpiocephalus harpia (Temminck, 1840) - NT
Harpiocephalus mordax Thomas, 1923 - DD
Hesperoptenus tickelli (Blyth, 1851) - LC
Hipposideros armiger (Hodgson, 1835) - LC
Hipposideros ater Templeton, 1848 - LC
Hipposideros cineraceus Blyth, 1853 - NT
Hipposideros diadema (E. Geoffroy, 1813) - VU -- D2
Hipposideros durgadasi (Khajuria, 1970) - EN -- D
Hipposideros fulvus Gray, 1838 - LC
Hipposideros galeritus Cantor, 1846 - NT
Hipposideros hypophyllus Kock & Bhat, 1994 - EN -- B1ab(ii,iii)
+ 2ab(ii,iii)
Hipposideros lankadiva Kelaart, 1850 - LC
Hipposideros larvatus (Horsfield, 1823) - NT
Hipposideros pomona Andersen, 1918 - LC
Hipposideros speoris (Schneider, 1800) - LC
Ia io Thomas, 1902 - EN -- B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)
Kerivoula hardwickii (Horsfield, 1824) - LC
Kerivoula papillosa Temminck, 1840 - NT

Kerivoula picta (Pallas, 1767) - LC
Latidens salimalii Thonglongya, 1972 - EN -- B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)
Macroglossus sobrinus (K. Andersen, 1911) - NT
Megaderma lyra E. Geoffroy, 1810 - LC
Megaderma spasma (Linnaeus, 1758) - LC
Megaerops niphanae Yenbutra & Felten, 1983 - NT
Miniopterus pusillus Dobson, 1876 - VU -- B2ab(iii,iv)
Miniopterus schreibersii (Kuhl, 1819) - LC
Murina aurata (Milne-Edwards, 1872) - NT
Murina cyclotis Dobson, 1872 - LC
Murina grisea Peters, 1872 - CR -- B1ab(iii)
Murina huttonii (Peters, 1872) - LC
Murina leucogaster (Milne-Edwards, 1872) - NT
Murina tubinaris (Scully, 1881) - NT
Myotis annectans (Dobson, 1871) - VU -- D2
Myotis blythii (Tomes, 1857) - VU -- D1
Myotis csorbai Topal, 1997 - DD
Myotis daubentonii (Kuhl, 1819) - EN -- B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)
Myotis formosus (Hodgson, 1835) - LC
Myotis hasseltii (Temminck, 1840) - NT
Myotis horsfieldii (Temminck, 1840) - LC
Myotis longipes (Dobson, 1873) - NT
Myotis montivagus (Dobson, 1874) - VU -- B2ab(iii)
Myotis muricola (Gray, 1846) - LC
Myotis mystacinus (Kuhl, 1819) - VU -- D1
Myotis sicarius Thomas, 1915 - VU -- B2ab(iii)
Myotis siligorensis (Horsfield, 1855) - NT
Nyctalus leisleri (Kuhl, 1819) - EN -- D
Nyctalus montanus (Barrett-Hamilton, 1906) - NT
Nyctalus noctula (Schreber, 1774) - LC
Otomops wroughtoni (Thomas, 1913) - CR -- B2ab(iii)

Otonycteris hemprichii Peters, 1859 - NT
Philetor brachypterus (Temminck, 1840) - VU -B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)
Pipistrellus abramus (Temminck, 1840) - DD
Pipistrellus affinis (Dobson, 1871) - NT
Pipistrellus cadornae Thomas, 1916 - NT
Pipistrellus ceylonicus (Kelaart, 1852) - LC
Pipistrellus coromandra (Gray, 1838) - LC
Pipistrellus dormeri (Dobson, 1875) - LC
Pipistrellus javanicus (Gray, 1838) - LC
Pipistrellus kuhlii (Kuhl, 1819) - LC
Pipistrellus paterculus Thomas, 1915 - LC
Pipistrellus pipistrellus (Schreber, 1774) - LC
Pipistrellus savii (Bonaparte, 1837) - VU -- B1ab(iii)
Pipistrellus tenuis (Temminck, 1840) - LC
Plecotus auritus (Linnaeus, 1758) - NT
Plecotus austriacus (Fischer, 1829) - NT
Pteropus faunulus Miller, 1902 - EN -- B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)
Pteropus giganteus Brunnich, 1782 - LC
Pteropus hypomelanus Temminck, 1853 - EN -- B1ab(iii) +
2ab(iii)
Pteropus melanotus Blyth, 1863 - VU -- B1ab(iii), 2ab(iii)
Pteropus vampyrus Linnaeus, 1758 - EN -- B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)
Rhinolophus affinis Horsfield, 1823 - LC
Rhinolophus beddomei Andersen, 1905 - NT
Rhinolophus blasii Peters, 1866 - NT
Rhinolophus cognatus Andersen, 1906 - VU -- D2
Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (Schreber, 1774) - VU -- B2ab(iii)
Rhinolophus hipposideros (Bechstein, 1800) - VU -B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)
Rhinolophus lepidus Blyth, 1844 - LC
Rhinolophus luctus Temminck, 1835 - NT
Rhinolophus macrotis Blyth, 1844 - NT

Rhinolophus mitratus Blyth, 1844 - VU -- D2
Rhinolophus pearsonii Horsfield, 1851 - LC
Rhinolophus pusillus Temminck, 1834 - LC
Rhinolophus rouxii Temminck, 1835 - NT
Rhinolophus sinicus (Andersen, 1905) - LC
Rhinolophus subbadius Blyth, 1844 - VU -- B2ab(iii)
Rhinolophus trifoliatus Temminck, 1834 - VU -- B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)
Rhinolophus yunanensis Dobson, 1872 - VU -- B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)
Rhinopoma hardwickii Gray, 1831 - LC
Rhinopoma microphyllum (Brnnich, 1782) - LC
Rhinopoma muscatellum Thomas, 1903 - NT
Rousettus aegyptiacus (E. Geoffroy, 1810) - VU -- B1ab(iii)
Rousettus leschenaulti (Desmarest, 1820) - LC
Scotoecus pallidus (Dobson, 1876) - NT
Scotomanes ornatus (Blyth, 1851) - LC
Scotophilus heathii Horsfield, 1831 - LC
Scotophilus kuhlii Leach, 1821 - LC
Sphaerias blanfordi (Thomas, 1891) - NT
Tadarida aegyptiaca (E. Geoffroy, 1818) - LC
Tadarida plicata (Buchannan, 1800) - LC
Tadarida teniotis (Rafinesque, 1814) - NE
Taphozous longimanus Hardwicke, 1825 - LC
Taphozous melanopogon Temminck, 1841 - LC
Taphozous nudiventris Cretzschmer, 1830-31 - LC
Taphozous perforatus E. Geoffroy, 1818 - LC
Taphozous saccolaimus Temminck, 1838 - LC
Taphozous theobaldi Dobson, 1872 - VU -- A2a
Triaenops persicus Dobson, 1871 - VU -- D2
Tylonycteris pachypus (Temminck, 1840) - NT
Tylonycteris robustula Thomas, 1915 - NE
Vespertilio murinus Linnaeus, 1758 - NT
Report
Conservation Assessment and Management Plan (C.A.M.P.) Workshop for

Chiroptera of South Asia
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Table 1. Status of South Asian bats

(Regional assessments for non-endemics and global assessments for South Asian endemics)

No.
Scientific name
English name
Family
Endemic to South Asia

1
Eptesicus tatei Ellerman & Morrison-Scott, 1951
Sombre Bat
Vespertilionidae
2
Hipposideros durgadasi (Khajuria, 1970)
Khajuria's Leaf-nosed Bat
Hipposideridae
3
Hipposideros hypophyllus Kock & Bhat, 1994
Kolar Leaf-nosed Bat
Hipposideridae
4
Hipposideros lankadiva Kelaart, 1850
Kelaart's Leaf-nosed Bat
Hipposideridae
5
Hipposideros speoris (Schneider, 1800)
Schneider's Leaf-nosed Bat
Hipposideridae
6
Latidens salimalii Thonglongya, 1972
Salim Ali's Fruit Bat
Pteropodidae
7
Murina grisea Peters, 1872
Peter's Tube-nosed Bat
Vespertilionidae
8
Myotis csorbai Topal, 1997
Csorbas Mouse-eared Bat
Vespertilionidae
9
Myotis sicarius Thomas, 1915
Mandelli's Mouse-eared Bat
Vespertilionidae
10
Pipistrellus dormeri (Dobson, 1875)
Dormer's Bat
Vespertilionidae
11
Pteropus faunulus Miller, 1902
Nicobar Flying Fox
Pteropodidae
12
Rhinolophus beddomei Andersen, 1905
Lesser Woolly Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophidae
13
Rhinolophus cognatus Andersen, 1906
Andaman Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophidae
14
Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (Schreber, 1774)
Greater Horseshoe bat
Rhinolophidae
15
Rhinolophus mitratus Blyth, 1844
Mitred Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophidae
16
Scotoecus pallidus (Dobson, 1876)
Desert Yellow bat
Vespertilionidae
17
Taphozous perforatus E. Geoffroy, 1818
Egyptian Tomb Bat
Emballonuridae
Non-endemic to South Asia
18
Areilulus circumdatus (Temminck, 1840)
Black-gilded Pipistrelle
Vespertilionidae
19
Asellia tridens (E. Geoffroy, 1813)
Status 2002
Criteria with its expansion
Data Deficient
Endangered
D (Very small population)
Endangered
Least Concern
B1ab(ii,iii) + 2ab(ii,iii)
(Restricted extent & area and continuing decline in
area & quality of habitat)
-
Least Concern
Endangered
B1ab(iii) + 2ab(iii)
quality of habitat)
B1ab(iii)
(Restricted extent and continuing decline in quality
of habitat)
-
Critically Endangered
Data Deficient
Vulnerable
Least Concern
Endangered
Near Threatened
Vulnerable
B2ab(iii)
(Restricted area and continuing decline in quality of
habitat)
-
quality of habitat)
-
Near Threatened
D2
(Very small population in restricted area and
locations)
B2ab(iii)
habitat)
D2
locations)
-
Least Concern
Least Concern
Not Evaluated
Vulnerable
Vulnerable
21
No.
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
22
Scientific name
English name
Family
Trident Bat
Hipposideridae
Barbastella leucomelas (Cretzschmar, 1830/31)
Eastern Barbastelle
Vespertilionidae
Coelops frithii Blyth, 1848
Tail-less Leaf-nosed Bat
Hipposideridae
Cynopterus brachyotis (Muller, 1838)
Lesser Dog-faced Fruit Bat
Pteropodidae
Cynopterus sphinx (Vahl, 1797)
Short-nosed (Indian) Fruit Bat
Pteropodidae
Eonycteris spelaea (Dobson, 1871)
Dawn (Cave fruit) bat
Pteropodidae
Eptesicus bottae (Peters, 1869)
Botta's Serotine
Vespertilionidae
Eptesicus gobiensis Bobrinskii, 1926
Bobrinskii's serotine
Vespertilionidae
Eptesicus nasutus (Dobson, 1877)
Sind Serotine Bat
Vespertilionidae
Eptesicus pachyotis (Dobson, 1871)
Thick-eared Bat
Vespertilionidae
Eptesicus serotinus (Schreber, 1774)
Serotine Thick-eared Bat
Vespertilionidae
Harpiocephalus harpia (Temminck, 1840)
Hairy-winged Bat
Vespertilionidae
Harpiocephalus mordax Thomas, 1923
Hairy-winged Bat
Vespertilionidae
Hesperoptenus tickelli (Blyth, 1851)
Tickell's Bat
Vespertilionidae
Hipposideros armiger (Hodgson, 1835)
Great Himalayan Leaf-nosed Bat
Hipposideridae
Hipposideros ater Templeton, 1848
Dusky Leaf-nosed Bat
Hipposideridae
Hipposideros cineraceus Blyth, 1853
Least Leaf-nosed Bat
Hipposideridae
Hipposideros diadema (E. Geoffroy, 1813)
Diadem Leaf-nosed Bat
Hipposideridae
Hipposideros fulvus Gray, 1838
Fulvous Leaf-nosed Bat
Hipposideridae
Hipposideros galeritus Cantor, 1846
Cantor's Leaf-nosed Bat
Hipposideridae
Hipposideros larvatus (Horsfield, 1823)
Horsfield's Leaf-nosed Bat
Hipposideridae
Hipposideros pomona Andersen, 1918
Status 2002
Near Threatened
Near Threatened
Least Concern
Least Concern
Least Concern
Data Deficient
Data Deficient
Data Deficient
Data Deficient
Near Threatened
Near Threatened
Data Deficient
Least Concern
Least Concern
Least Concern
Near Threatened
Vulnerable
Least Concern
D2
locations)
-
Near Threatened
Near Threatened
Least Concern
No.
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
Scientific name
English name
Family
Andersen's Leaf-nosed Bat
Hipposideridae
Ia io Thomas, 1902
Great Evening Bat
Vespertilionidae
Kerivoula hardwickii (Horsfield, 1824)
Hardwicke's Forest Bat
Vespertilionidae
Kerivoula papillosa Temminck, 1840
Papillose bat
Vespertilionidae
Kerivoula picta (Pallas, 1767)
Painted Bat
Vespertilionidae
Macroglossus sobrinus (K. Andersen, 1911)
Hill Long-tongued Fruit Bat
Pteropodidae
Megaderma lyra E. Geoffroy, 1810
Greater false vampire bat
Megadermatidae
Megaderma spasma (Linnaeus, 1758)
Lesser false vampire bat
Megadermatidae
Megaerops niphanae Yenbutra & Felten, 1983
Ratanaworabhan's Fruit Bat
Pteropodidae
Miniopterus pusillus Dobson, 1876
Nicobar Long-fingered Bat
Vespertilionidae
Miniopterus schreibersii (Kuhl, 1819)
Schreiber's Long-fingered Bat
Vespertilionidae
Murina aurata (Milne-Edwards, 1872)
Little Tube-nosed Bat,
Vespertilionidae
Murina cyclotis Dobson, 1872
Round-eared Tube-nosed Bat
Vespertilionidae
Murina huttonii (Peters, 1872)
Hutton's Tube-nosed Bat
Vespertilionidae
Murina leucogaster (Milne-Edwards, 1872)
Greater Tube-nosed Bat
Vespertilionidae
Murina tubinaris (Scully, 1881)
Scully's Tube-nosed Bat
Vespertilionidae
Myotis annectans (Dobson, 1871)
Intermediate Bat
Vespertilionidae
Myotis blythii (Tomes, 1857)
Lesser Mouse-eared Bat
Vespertilionidae
Myotis daubentonii (Kuhl, 1819)
Water Bat
Vespertilionidae
Myotis formosus (Hodgson, 1835)
Hodgson's Bat
Vespertilionidae
Myotis hasseltii (Temminck, 1840)
Lesser Large-tooth Bat
Vespertilionidae
Myotis horsfieldii (Temminck, 1840)
Status 2002
Endangered
Least Concern
quality of habitat)
-
Near Threatened
Least Concern
Near Threatened
Least Concern
Least Concern
Near Threatened
Vulnerable
Least Concern
B2ab(iii,iv)
habitat & locations)
-
Near Threatened
Least Concern
Least Concern
Near Threatened
Near Threatened
Vulnerable
D2
locations)
D1 (Very small population)
Vulnerable
Endangered
Least Concern
B1ab(iii) + 2ab(iii) (Restricted extent & area and

continuing decline in quality of habitat);
-
Near Threatened
Least Concern
23
No.
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
24
Scientific name
English name
Family
Horsfield's Bat
Vespertilionidae
Myotis longipes (Dobson, 1873)
Kashmir Cave Bat
Vespertilionidae
Myotis montivagus (Dobson, 1874)
Burmese Whiskered Bat
Vespertilionidae
Myotis muricola (Gray, 1846)
Nepalese Whiskered Bat
Vespertilionidae
Myotis mystacinus (Kuhl, 1819)
Whiskered Bat
Vespertilionidae
Myotis siligorensis (Horsfield, 1855)
Himalayan Whiskered Bat
Vespertilionidae
Nyctalus leisleri (Kuhl, 1819)
Leisler's Bat
Vespertilionidae
Nyctalus montanus (Barrett-Hamilton, 1906)
Mountain Noctule
Vespertilionidae
Nyctalus noctula (Schreber, 1774)
Noctule
Vespertilionidae
Otomops wroughtoni (Thomas, 1913)
Wroughton's Free-tailed Bat
Molossidae
Otonycteris hemprichii Peters, 1859
Hemiprichs Long-eared Bat
Vespertilionidae
Philetor brachypterus (Temminck, 1840)
Rohu's Bat
Vespertilionidae
Pipistrellus abramus (Temminck, 1840)
Japanese Pipistrelle
Vespertilionidae
Pipistrellus affinis (Dobson, 1871)
Chocolate Pipistrelle
Vespertilionidae
Pipistrellus cadornae Thomas, 1916
Cadornae's Pipistrelle
Vespertilionidae
Pipistrellus ceylonicus (Kelaart, 1852)
Kelaart's Pipistrelle
Vespertilionidae
Pipistrellus coromandra (Gray, 1838)
Coromandel Pipistrelle
Vespertilionidae
Pipistrellus javanicus (Gray, 1838)
Javan Pipistrelle
Vespertilionidae
Pipistrellus kuhlii (Kuhl, 1819)
Kuhl's Pipistrelle
Vespertilionidae
Pipistrellus paterculus Thomas, 1915
Mount Popa Pipistrelle
Vespertilionidae
Pipistrellus pipistrellus (Schreber, 1774)
Common Pipistrelle
Vespertilionidae
Pipistrellus savii (Bonaparte, 1837)
Status 2002
Near Threatened
Vulnerable
Least Concern
B2ab(iii) (Restricted area and continuing decline in

quality of habitat); D2 (Very small population in
restricted area and locations)
-
Vulnerable
Near Threatened
Endangered
Near Threatened
Least Concern
B2ab(iii)
habitat)
-
Near Threatened
Vulnerable
Data Deficient
quality of habitat)
-
Near Threatened
Near Threatened
Least Concern
Least Concern
Least Concern
Least Concern
Least Concern
Least Concern
Vulnerable
B1ab (iii)
No.
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
Scientific name
English name
Family
Savi's Pipistrelle
Vespertilionidae
Pipistrellus tenuis (Temminck, 1840)
Indian Pygmy Bat
Vespertilionidae
Plecotus auritus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Brown long-eared Bat
Vespertilionidae
Plecotus austriacus (Fischer, 1829)
Common Long-eared Bat
Vespertilionidae
Pteropus giganteus Brunnich, 1782
Indian Flying Fox
Pteropodidae
Pteropus hypomelanus Temminck, 1853
Island Flying Fox
Pteropodidae
Pteropus melanotus Blyth, 1863
Blyth's Flying Fox
Pteropodidae
Pteropus vampyrus Linnaeus, 1758
Large Flying Fox
Pteropodidae
Rhinolophus affinis Horsfield, 1823
Intermediate Horse-shoe Bat
Rhinolophidae
Rhinolophus blasii Peters, 1866
Blasius' Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophidae
Rhinolophus hipposideros (Bechstein, 1800)
Lesser Horseshoe bat
Rhinolophidae
Rhinolophus lepidus Blyth, 1844
Blyth's Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophidae
Rhinolophus luctus Temminck, 1835
Woolly Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophidae
Rhinolophus macrotis Blyth, 1844
Big-eared Horse-shoe Bat
Rhinolophidae
Rhinolophus pearsonii Horsfield, 1851
Pearson's Horse-shoe Bat
Rhinolophidae
Rhinolophus pusillus Temminck, 1834
Least Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophidae
Rhinolophus rouxii Temminck, 1835
Rufous Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophidae
Rhinolophus sinicus (Andersen, 1905)
Andersens Rufous Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophidae
Rhinolophus subbadius Blyth, 1844
Chestnut Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophidae
Rhinolophus trifoliatus Temminck, 1834
Trefoil Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophidae
Rhinolophus yunanensis Dobson, 1872
Asian Horseshoe Bat
Rhinolophidae
Rhinopoma hardwickii Gray, 1831
Status 2002
Least Concern
(Restricted extent and continuing decline in quality

of habitat)
-
Near Threatened
Near Threatened
Least Concern
Endangered
Least Concern
quality of habitat)
quality of habitat)
quality of habitat)
-
Near Threatened
Vulnerable
Least Concern
quality of habitat)
-
Near Threatened
Near Threatened
Least Concern
Least Concern
Near Threatened
Least Concern
Vulnerable
B2ab(iii)
habitat)
B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)
quality of habitat)
B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)
quality of habitat)
-
Vulnerable
Endangered
Vulnerable
Vulnerable
Least Concern
25
No.
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
Scientific name
English name
Family
Lesser Mouse-tailed Bat
Rhinopomatidae
Rhinopoma microphyllum (Brnnich, 1782)
Greater Mouse-tailed Bat
Rhinopomatidae
Rhinopoma muscatellum Thomas, 1903
Small mouse-tailed Bat
Rhinopomatidae
Rousettus aegyptiacus (E. Geoffroy, 1810)
Egyptian Fruit Bat
Pteropodidae
Rousettus leschenaulti (Desmarest, 1820)
Fulvous Fruit Bat
Pteropodidae
Scotomanes ornatus (Blyth, 1851)
Harlequin Bat
Vespertilionidae
Scotophilus heathii Horsfield, 1831
Asiatic Greater Yellow House Bat
Vespertilionidae
Scotophilus kuhlii Leach, 1821
Asiatic Lesser Yellow House Bat
Vespertilionidae
Sphaerias blanfordi (Thomas, 1891)
Blanford's Fruit Bat
Pteropodidae
Tadarida aegyptiaca (E. Geoffroy, 1818)
Egyptian Free-tailed Bat
Molossidae
Tadarida plicata (Buchannan, 1800)
Wrinkle-lipped Free-tailed Bat
Molossidae
Tadarida teniotis (Rafinesque, 1814)
European Free-tailed Bat
Molossidae
Taphozous longimanus Hardwicke, 1825
Long-winged Tomb Bat
Emballonuridae
Taphozous melanopogon Temminck, 1841
Black-bearded Tomb Bat
Emballonuridae
Taphozous nudiventris Cretzschmer, 1830-31
Naked-rumped Tomb Bat
Emballonuridae
Taphozous saccolaimus Temminck, 1838
Pouch-bearing Bat
Emballonuridae
Taphozous theobaldi Dobson, 1872
Theobald's Bat
Emballonuridae
Triaenops persicus Dobson, 1871
Persian Trident Bat
Hipposideridae
Tylonycteris pachypus (Temminck, 1840)
Bamboo Bat
Vespertilionidae
Tylonycteris robustula Thomas, 1915
Greater Flat-headed Bat
Vespertilionidae
Vespertilio murinus Linnaeus, 1758
Particoloured Bat
Vespertilionidae
Status 2002
Least Concern
Near Threatened
Vulnerable
Least Concern
B1ab(iii) (Restricted extent and continuing decline in

quality of habitat));
-
Least Concern
Least Concern
Least Concern
Near Threatened
Least Concern
Least Concern
Not Evaluated
Least Concern
Least Concern
Least Concern
Least Concern
Vulnerable
A2a
(Observed population reduction in the last 10 years)
Vulnerable
D2 (Very small population in restricted area and

locations)
Near Threatened
Not Evaluated
Near Threatened
26
Figure 2. Status of South Asian bats

NE CR

EN
2%
2%
DD

7%
7%

VU

16%

LC

40%

NT

26%

*

6 *

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120
Megachiroptera
Microchiroptera
100
80
60
40
20
al
di
ve
s
N
ep
al
Pa
ki
st
an
Sr
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an
ka
di
a
In
ng
la
de
sh
Bh
ut
an
Ba

Number of Chiropteran species
Figure 3. Distribution of Chiroptera in countries of South Asia
South Asian Countries
27
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
Non-endemics of South Asia

Asellia tridens (Geoffroy, E., 1813)
Harpiocephalus mordax Temminck, 1840
Hipposideros armiger Hodgson, 1835
Ia io Thomas, 1902
Megaderma spasma Linnaeus, 1758
Miniopterus schreibersi (Kuhl, 1819)
LC
NE
NT
NT
LC
LC
LC
DD
DD
DD
DD
NT
NT
DD
LC
LC
LC
NT
VU
LC
NT
NT
LC
EN
LC
NT
LC
NT
LC
LC
NT
VU
LC
NT
LC
LC
NT
NT
DD
NT
LC
LC
LC
-
DD
DD
DD
LC
-
28
DD
EN
EN
LC
LC
EN
CR
EN
LC
EN
NT
VU
VU
VU
NT
LC
LC
NT
NT
LC
LC
LC
DD
NT
NT
DD
LC
LC
LC
NT
VU
LC
NT
NT
LC
EN
LC
NT
LC
NT
LC
LC
NT
VU
LC
Sri Lanka
DD
-
Pakistan
LC
LC
-
Nepal
Bhutan
DD
EN
EN
LC
LC
EN
CR
DD
VU
LC
EN
NT
VU
VU
VU
NT
LC
Maldives
Bangladesh
Endemics of South Asia

Eptesicus tatei Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951
Hipposideros durgadasi Khajuria, 1970
Rhinolophus ferrumequinum Schreber, 1774
Taphozous perforatus E. Goeffroy, 1818
India
South Asia
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
No
Scientific name
Table 2. Checklist of bats of South Asia with status in individual countries derived at the workshop.
DD
VU
-
NT
NT
LC
LC
LC
NT
-
NT
NT
LC
DD
NT
DD
LC
NT
LC
NT
CR
LC
LC
CR
LC
NE
DD
DD
DD
DD
DD
DD
DD
LC
DD
LC
-
LC
LC
NT
LC
LC
VU
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
No
Scientific name
South Asia
Bangladesh
Bhutan
India
Maldives
Nepal
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
Murina aurata Milne-Edwards, 1872

Murina leucogaster Milne-Edwards, 1872
Myotis horsfeldii (Temminck, 1840)
Otonycteris hemprichi Peters, 1859
Pipistrellus affinis Dobson, 1871
Plecotus auritus Linnaeus, 1758
Pteropus giganteus Brunnich, 1782
Pteropus vampyrus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Rhinopoma microphyllum (Brunnich, 1782)
NT
LC
LC
NT
NT
VU
VU
EN
LC
NT
LC
NT
VU
LC
VU
NT
EN
NT
LC
CR
NT
VU
DD
NT
NT
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
VU
LC
NT
NT
LC
EN
VU
EN
LC
NT
VU
LC
NT
NT
LC
LC
NT
LC
VU
VU
VU
LC
LC
NT
VU
LC
LC
LC
LC
EN
LC
EN
LC
NT
NT
VU
LC
LC
-
LC
NT
-
NT
LC
LC
NT
NT
VU
VU
EN
LC
NT
LC
NT
VU
LC
VU
NT
EN
NT
LC
CR
NT
EN
DD
NT
NT
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
VU
LC
NT
NT
LC
EN
VU
EN
LC
VU
LC
NT
NT
LC
LC
NT
LC
VU
VU
VU
LC
LC
NT
-
LC
CR
-
NT
DD
VU
VU
NT
NT
LC
VU
NT
NT
LC
VU
?
LC
LC
LC
NT
NT
LC
LC
NT
NT
NT
LC
LC
NT
LC
EN
-
DD
NT
DD
LC
VU
EN
LC
NT
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
NT
NT
LC
NT
VU
NT
NT
LC
LC
NT
VU
LC
VU
DD
NT
LC
LC
LC
LC
DD
NT
-
29
Scientific name
South Asia
Bangladesh
Bhutan
India
Maldives
Nepal
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
No
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
114.
115.
116.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.

Tadarida plicata (Buchanan, 1800)
Taphozous nudiventris Cretzschmer, 1830
Tylonycteris pachypus Temminck, 1840
Total
LC
LC
LC
LC
NT
LC
LC
NE
LC
LC
LC
LC
VU
VU
NT
NE
NT
123
LC
NT
NT
LC
NT
LC
LC
LC
NT
34
NT
NT
9
LC
LC
LC
LC
NT
LC
LC
NE
LC
LC
LC
LC
VU
NT
NE
114
NT
NT
LC
NT
NT
DD
50
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
VU
NT
45
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
32
-
6 *

*

6 *

45 A?
3

?
=

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4

6 *

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Table 3. Comparative assessment of bats occurring in South Asia with global assessment(s)

No
Scientific name
Status assessed in
South Asia Bat CAMP
(This Report, 2002)
2000 Red List of

Threatened
Species (HiltonTaylor, 2000)
Microchiroptera
Action Plan
(Hutson et al.,
2001)

1.
Eptesicus tatei
2.
Hipposideros durgadasi
3.
Hipposideros hypophyllus
4.
Hipposideros lankadiva
5.
Hipposideros speoris
6.
Latidens salimalii
DD
EN (D)
EN (B1ab(ii,iii)+2ab(ii,iii))
LC
LC
EN (B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii))
DD
VU (B1+2c, D2)
VU (B1+2c, D2)
DD
VU (B1+2c, D2)
VU (B1+2c, D2)
LRlc
LRlc
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Murina grisea
Myotis csorbai
Myotis sicarius
Pipistrellus dormeri
Pteropus faunulus
CR (B1ab(iii))
DD
VU (B2ab(iii))
LC
EN (B1+2c)
DD
VU (A2c, D2)
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
Rhinolophus beddomei
Rhinolophus cognatus
Rhinolophus ferrumequinum
Rhinolophus mitratus
Scotoecus pallidus
Taphozous perforatus
NT
VU (D2)
VU (B2ab(iii))
VU (D2)
NT
LC
LRnt
VU (A2c, D2)
LRnt
DD

18.
Areilulus circumdatus
19.
Asellia tridens
20.
Barbastella leucomelas
21.
Coelops frithii
22.
Cynopterus brachyotis
23.
Cynopterus sphinx
24.
Eonycteris spelaea
25.
Eptesicus bottae
26.
Eptesicus gobiensis
27.
Eptesicus nasutus
28.
Eptesicus pachyotis
29.
Eptesicus serotinus
30.
Harpiocephalus harpia
31.
Harpiocephalus mordax
32.
Hesperoptenus tickelli
33.
Hipposideros armiger
LC
NE
NT
NT
LC
LC
LC
DD
DD
DD
DD
NT
NT
DD
LC
LC
CR (B1+2c, D)
Old World Fruit

Bats Action Plan
(Mickleburgh et
al., 1992)
Rare: Limited
distribution
EN (B1+2c)
DD
VU (A2c, D2)
LRlc
VU (B1+2c)
No data: Limited
distribution
LRnt
LRnt
LRnt
DD
LRlc
LRlc
LRlc
LRlc
LRlc
LRlc
Not threatened
Not threatened
Not threatened
VU (A2c)
LRnt
LRnt
LRlc
LRlc
VU (A2c)
LRnt
LRlc
LRlc
LRlc
LRlc
31
No
Scientific name
Status assessed in
South Asia Bat CAMP
(This Report, 2002)
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
Hipposideros ater
Hipposideros cineraceus
Hipposideros diadema
Hipposideros fulvus
Hipposideros galeritus
Hipposideros larvatus
Hipposideros pomona
Ia io
Kerivoula hardwickii
Kerivoula papillosa
Kerivoula picta
Macroglossus sobrinus
Megaderma lyra
Megaderma spasma
Megaerops niphanae
Miniopterus pusillus
Miniopterus schreibersi
Murina aurata
Murina cyclotis
Murina huttonii
Murina leucogaster
Murina tubinaris
Myotis annectans
Myotis blythii
Myotis daubentonii
Myotis formosus
Myotis hasseltii
Myotis horsfeldii
Myotis longipes
Myotis montivagus
Myotis muricola
Myotis mystacinus
Myotis siligorensis
Nyctalus leisleri
Nyctalus montanus
Nyctalus noctula
Otomops wroughtoni
Otonycteris hemprichi
Philetor brachypterus
Pipistrellus abramus
Pipistrellus affinis
Pipistrellus cadornae
Pipistrellus ceylonicus
Pipistrellus coromandra
Pipistrellus javanicus
Pipistrellus kuhlii
Pipistrellus paterculus
Pipistrellus pipistrellus
Pipistrellus savii
Pipistrellus tenuis
Plecotus auritus
Plecotus austriacus
Pteropus giganteus
Pteropus hypomelanus
Pteropus melanotus
Pteropus vampyrus
Rhinolophus affinis
Rhinolophus blasii
Rhinolophus hipposideros
Rhinolophus lepidus
LC
NT
VU (D2)
LC
NT
NT
LC
LC
NT
LC
NT
LC
LC
NT
VU (B2ab(iii,iv))
LC
NT
LC
LC
NT
NT
VU (D2)
VU (D1)
EN (B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii); D)
LC
NT
LC
NT
VU (B2ab(iii); D2)
LC
VU (D1)
NT
EN (D)
NT
LC
CR (B1ab(iii))
NT
VU (B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii))
DD
NT
NT
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
VU (B1ab(iii))
LC
NT
NT
LC
LC
NT
LC
32
2000 Red List of

Threatened
LRnt
LRnt
LRnt
LRnt
LRnt
VU (B1+2c, D2)
LRnt
LRnt
LRnt
CR (B1+2c)
LRnt
LRnt
Microchiroptera
Action Plan
(Hutson et al.,
2001)
LRlc
LRlc
LRlc
LRlc
LRlc
LRlc
LRlc
LRnt
LRlc
LRlc
LRlc
LRlc
LRlc
LRlc
LRnt
LRnt
LRlc
LRnt
LRlc
LRlc
LRnt
LRlc
LRlc
LRlc
LRlc
LRlc
VU (B1+2c, D2)
LRnt
LRlc
LRlc
LRlc
LRnt
LRnt
LRlc
CR (B1+2c)
LRlc
LRlc
LRlc
LRlc
LRnt
LRlc
LRlc
LRlc
LRlc
LRnt
LRlc
LRlc
LRlc
LRlc
LRlc
Old World Fruit

Bats Action Plan
(Mickleburgh et
al., 1992)
Not threatened
No data
Not threatened
No data
Not threatened
Not threatened
LRnt
VU (A2c)
LRlc
LRnt
VU (A2c)
LRlc
No
Scientific name
Status assessed in
South Asia Bat CAMP
(This Report, 2002)
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
114.
115.
116.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
Rhinolophus luctus
Rhinolophus macrotis
Rhinolophus pearsonii
Rhinolophus pusillus
Rhinolophus rouxii
Rhinolophus sinicus
Rhinolophus subbadius
Rhinolophus trifoliatus
Rhinolophus yunanensis
Rhinopoma hardwickii
Rhinopoma microphyllum
Rhinopoma muscatellum
Rousettus aegyptiacus
Rousettus leschenaulti
Scotomanes ornatus
Scotophilus heathii
Scotophilus kuhlii
Sphaerias blanfordi
Tadarida aegyptiaca
Tadarida plicata
Tadarida teniotis
Taphozous longimanus
Taphozous melanopogon
Taphozous nudiventris
Taphozous saccolaimus
Taphozous theobaldi
Triaenops persicus
Tylonycteris pachypus
Tylonycteris robustula
Vespertilio murinus
NT
NT
LC
LC
NT
LC
VU (B2ab(iii))
LC
LC
NT
VU (B1ab(iii); D1)
LC
LC
LC
LC
NT
LC
LC
NE
LC
LC
LC
LC
VU (A2a)
VU (D2)
NT
NE
NT
2000 Red List of

Threatened
DD
LRnt
Microchiroptera
Action Plan
(Hutson et al.,
2001)
LRlc
LRlc
LRlc
LRlc
LRlc
LRlc
DD
LRlc
LRnt
LRlc
LRlc
LRlc
Old World Fruit

Bats Action Plan
(Mickleburgh et
al., 1992)
Not Threatened
Not Threatened
LRnt
LRnt
LRlc
LRlc
LRlc
LRlc
LRlc
LRlc
LRlc
LRlc
LRlc
LRlc
LRlc
LRlc
LRlc
No data

Endemic species
6

6 *

Otomops wroughtoni
0# + @
1

,

7 ,

0# > --16
$
" 0>

1

4

'

2

6 *

*

0 Hipposideros durgadasi1

4

,

,

*

!

4

6 *

/

6 *
6

/

6 *

4
A*>A
4

6 *

/
"

6 *

33

0H

-1

6 *

@
'

Figure 4. Status of endemic and non-endemic South Asian chiroptera
Number of species

50
Endemic taxa

45
Non-endemic taxa
40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

CR
EN
VU
NT
LC
DD
NE

IUCN status

?

,
@

0/ 10
1
#

*

6 *

0* H ,1

*N-4

,

45 A

/
4

/

@/
Otomops
wroughtoni45 A

01

4 ,

4 O. wroughtoni

,

4

,

,

,

4

0 "
"
1 </

34
A

* 45 A

,

,
!

,

4
0
,1

;

:

H

$ "

!

!

;

6
/

A

@

@ ;

,

/

/

0Taphozous theobaldi1

*

4

4

/

0H
-1

6

0:1

H

,

,

0 1
6

/

,

6

A :

/: 6

Data quality
*

;

,"

/

"

;

@
F
;

35
Figure 5. Quality of data of the assessed South Asian chiroptera

Museum
9%
Informal
sighting
1%
Literature
39%
Field study
32%
Census/
monitoring
1%
Indirect
information
18%
Data Deficient species

% -&
6 *

*"9,
!
: :

0'1

F- -4

88)" *"9
" *"9

0

/ 1 H
088)1

, /

45 A?3

"

4

O

*
,

45 A?
3

: :

4 45 A?3

*

*"9

!

@

$

Table 4. List of Data Deficient species
Scientific name
Eptesicus tatei Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951 *
Myotis csorbai Topal, 1997 *
* Endemic to South Asia
36
Threats
Figure 6. Threats impacting South Asian chiroptera.

Tourism

4%
Exploitation

5%
Damming
Hunting for

Accidental Chemical
Others
Habitat loss
3%
spraying
food
mortality
34%
20%
3%
5%
8%

Develop
Pollution
mental
8%

activities

8%

Mining
Alien
11%

invasive

8%

Quarrying

11%

Hunting for

Hunting
medicine
20%

3%
Habitat

Renovation
disturbance
3%

12%
Human

Deforestation
interference
9%

25%

H

$
@

:

;

L

H

*$ 2

4

F.

3

6

8

@

6 *
0F1

37
Table 5. Species of Chiroptera hunted in South Asia (other threats are also included).

No
1.
Scientific name
2.
3.

4.
5.

6.
7.
8.
Hipposideros lankadiva Kelaart, 1850 *

Hipposideros speoris (Schneider, 1800) *
9.
Latidens salimalii Thonglongya, 1972 *
10.
11. Nyctalus montanus (Barrett-Hamilton, 1906)

12. Pipistrellus ceylonicus (Kelaart, 1852)
13. Pteropus faunulus Miller, 1902 *
14. Pteropus giganteus Brunnich, 1782
15. Pteropus hypomelanus Temminck, 1853
16. Pteropus melanotus Blyth, 1863
17. Pteropus vampyrus Linnaeus, 1758
18. Rousettus leschenaulti (Desmarest, 1820)
19. Taphozous melanopogon Temminck, 1841
* Endemic to South Asia
Threats
Habitat loss, development, dams, deforestation, exploitation, hunting, hunting
for medicine
Exploitation, hunting for medicine in Assam, habitat destruction
Habitat loss, deforestation, exploitation, hunting, hunting for medicine, human
interference
Habitat loss, hunting for food
Exploitation, hunting for medicine in Sri Lanka, human interference, habitat
loss
Habitat loss, deforestation, hunting, human interference
Habitat loss, development, exploitation, hunting for food, human interference
Habitat loss, stone quarrying, chemical spraying, renovation of temples,
hunting
Habitat loss, agriculture, farming, horticulture, extraction, harvesting nonwoody vegetation, exploitation, hunting for medicine and food, trade,
Exploitation, illegal trade for food, human interference, renovation of old
temples, quarrying, human habitation, habitat disturbance
Hunting for medicine, habitat loss, deforestation, quarrying and mining
Exploitation, hunting, hunting for medicine
Habitat loss, possibly hunted
Exploitation, hunting, habitat loss
Habitat loss, persecution
Habitat loss, possibly hunted
Habitat loss, persecution, possibly hunted
Exploitation, hunting, tourism
Hunting, human interference

*
6 *

3

&8,

0*
/4441

*>A
46

3,2

4
,

Recommendations
?

* $

*"9 ,
,

4

3,

0-
16

6 *

9

/

/

"

/
,

6

,
Otomops wroughtonii Latidens salimalii

,

4

Otomops wroughtonii

0# > -1
" 0>
38

1

/

, 6

4

2

,

@ /

/

Figure 7. Research recommendations for South Asian bats
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
th
er
s
O
VA
PH
en
et
ic
y
G
Li
fe
Ta
xo
no
m
hi
st
or
y
fa
ct
or
ng
Li
m
iti
Ec
ol
og
y
0
Su
rv
ey
Number of species

"

Research recommendations
g
es
er
va
tio
R
n
ei
nt
ro
du
ct
Sp
io
ec
n
ie
s
re
co
ve
y
in
ee
d
pr
e
tiv
om
e
ap
G
en
Pu
bl
ic
aw
br
ar
en
ab
es
ita
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
M
on
ito
rin
g
Number of species
Figure 8. Management recommendations for South Asian bats

Management recommendations
39
@

3,

C

, ,
,

O. wroughtoniiL. salimalii@

4

,
4

H

2

,
6 *

,

6 *

9

,

Bats in protected areas
@;
,

,
'8

)
6 *

4

( "

6 *

Table 6. South Asian Chiroptera in Protected Areas
No.
Scientific name
Status,
2002
Presence in Protected Areas according to information supplied in

workshop

1.
Eptesicus tatei
2.
3.
Hipposideros hypophyllus
4.
Hipposideros lankadiva
DD
EN
EN
LC
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Hipposideros speoris
Latidens salimalii
Murina grisea
Myotis csorbai
Myotis sicarius
Pipistrellus dormeri
Pteropus faunulus
Rhinolophus beddomei
LC
EN
CR
DD
VU
LC
EN
NT
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
Rhinolophus cognatus
Rhinolophus ferrumequinum
Rhinolophus mitratus
Scotoecus pallidus
Taphozous perforatus
VU
VU
VU
NT
LC
---India: Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam TR, Andhra Pradesh; Kanha NP, Madhya

Pradesh
India: Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam TR, Andhra Pradesh
India: Kalakkad-Mundanthurai TR, Tamil Nadu; Periyar TR, Kerala
--Nepal: Annapurna Conservation area
India: Satpura NP
-India: Chinnar WLS, Kerala; Nagarjunasagar-Srisailam TR, Gundla
Brahmeshwaram WLS, Andhra Pradesh
India: Narcondam Island WLS
-----
LC
NE
NT
NT
LC
--Nepal: Annapurna Conservation Area, Makala Barun NP and Rara NP

-India: Nagarahole NP, Karnataka; Kalakkad-Mundanthurai TR, Tamil Nadu

18. Areilulus circumdatus
19. Asellia tridens
20. Barbastella leucomelas
21. Coelops frithii
22. Cynopterus brachyotis
40
No.
Scientific name
Status,
2002
23.
Cynopterus sphinx
LC
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
Eonycteris spelaea
Eptesicus bottae
Eptesicus gobiensis
Eptesicus nasutus
Eptesicus pachyotis
Eptesicus serotinus
Harpiocephalus mordax
Hipposideros armiger
Hipposideros ater
Hipposideros cineraceus
Hipposideros diadema
Hipposideros fulvus
LC
DD
DD
DD
DD
NT
NT
DD
LC
LC
LC
NT
VU
LC
NT
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
Hipposideros pomona
Ia io
Kerivoula hardwickii
Kerivoula papillosa
Kerivoula picta
NT
LC
EN
LC
NT
LC
45.
46.
Macroglossus sobrinus
Megaderma lyra
NT
LC
47.
Megaderma spasma
LC
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
Megaerops niphanae
Miniopterus pusillus
Miniopterus schreibersi
Murina aurata
Murina cyclotis
Murina huttonii
Murina leucogaster
Murina tubinaris
Myotis annectans
Myotis blythii
Myotis daubentonii
Myotis formosus
Myotis hasseltii
Myotis horsfeldii
Myotis longipes
Myotis montivagus
Myotis muricola
Myotis mystacinus
Myotis siligorensis
Nyctalus leisleri
Nyctalus montanus
Nyctalus noctula
Otomops wroughtoni
Otonycteris hemprichi
Philetor brachypterus
Pipistrellus affinis
Pipistrellus cadornae
Pipistrellus ceylonicus
Pipistrellus coromandra
NT
VU
LC
NT
LC
LC
NT
NT
VU
VU
EN
LC
NT
LC
NT
VU
LC
VU
NT
EN
NT
LC
CR
NT
VU
DD
NT
NT
LC
LC

workshop
Sri Lanka: Hakgalla NP
India: Point Calimere WLS, Tamil Nadu; Coringa WLS, Kawal WLS,
Nagarjunasagar-Srisailam TR, Andhra Pradesh; Kanha NP, Madhya Pradesh;
Indravati NP, Chhattisgarh
India: Kalakkad-Mundanthurai TR, Tamil Nadu
----Nepal: Makalu Barun NP
-------India: Bhimashankar WLS, Maharashtra.
India: Melghat TR, Maharashtra; Borivili NP, Maharashtra; Kanha NP, Madhya
Pradesh
India: Orang NP, Assam
--India: Siju WLS, Meghalaya
India: Sunderbans NP, West Bengal
India: Borivili NP, Maharashtra; Kawal WLS, Andhra Pradesh; Orang NP, Assam
Nepal: Chitwan NP
India: Namdapha WLS, Arunachal Pradesh
India: Tadoba-Andhari TR, Radhanagari WLS, Maharastra; Kawal WLS, Andhra
Pradesh; Orang NP, Assam; Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam TR, Andhra Pradesh
India: Tadoba TR, Melghat TR, Pench NP, Maharasthra; Sunderbans NP, West
Bengal
India: Namdapha WLS, Arunachal Pradesh
India: Kalakkad-Mundanthurai TR, Tamil Nadu
India: Siju WLS, Meghalaya
-Nepal: Royal Chitwan NP
--------India: Silent Valley NP, Kerala; Kanha NP, Madhya Pradesh
India: Balpakram NP, Mizoram
-Pakistan: Murree NP (?); Nepal: Langtung NP
-----India: Siju WLS, Meghalaya
------India: Kanha NP, Madhya Pradesh
41
No.
Scientific name
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
Pipistrellus kuhlii
Pipistrellus paterculus
Pipistrellus pipistrellus
Pipistrellus savii
Pipistrellus tenuis
Plecotus auritus
Plecotus austriacus
Pteropus giganteus
Status,
2002
LC
LC
LC
LC
VU
LC
NT
NT
LC
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
Pteropus hypomelanus
Pteropus melanotus
Pteropus vampyrus
Rhinolophus affinis
Rhinolophus blasii
Rhinolophus hipposideros
Rhinolophus lepidus
EN
VU
EN
LC
NT
VU
LC
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
Rhinolophus luctus
Rhinolophus macrotis
Rhinolophus pearsonii
Rhinolophus pusillus
Rhinolophus rouxii
NT
NT
LC
LC
NT
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
Rhinolophus sinicus
Rhinolophus subbadius
Rhinolophus trifoliatus
Rhinolophus yunanensis
Rhinopoma hardwickii
Rhinopoma microphyllum
Rhinopoma muscatellum
Rousettus aegyptiacus
Rousettus leschenaulti
LC
VU
VU
VU
LC
LC
NT
VU
LC
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
114.
115.
116.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
Scotomanes ornatus
Scotophilus heathii
Scotophilus kuhlii
Sphaerias blanfordi
Tadarida aegyptiaca
Tadarida plicata
Tadarida teniotis
Taphozous longimanus
Taphozous melanopogon
Taphozous nudiventris
Taphozous saccolaimus
Taphozous theobaldi
Triaenops persicus
Tylonycteris pachypus
Tylonycteris robustula
Vespertilio murinus
LC
LC
LC
NT
LC
LC
NE
LC
LC
LC
LC
VU
VU
NT
NE
NT

workshop
India: Kanha NP, Madhya Pradesh
----India: Satpura NP, Madhya Pradesh
Nepal: Makalu Barun NP, Rara NP
-India: Point Calimere WLS, Tamil Nadu; Palamau TR, Hazaribagh WLS,
Jharkhand; Kawal WLS, Andhra Pradesh; Molem NP, Goa; Kanha NP, Madhya
Pradesh; Chulka, Malaban WLS, Orissa; Indravati NP, Chhattisgarh
India: Barren Island WLS, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
-----India: Ranthambore NP, Rajasthan; Karnala Bird Sanctuary, Maharashtra;
Satpura NP, Madhya Pradesh
India: Satpora NP, Madhya Pradesh
--India: Phamong Lho WLS, Sikkim
India: Dandeli WLS, Karnataka; Karnala WLS, Maharashtra; Kanha NP, Madhya
Pradesh; Indravati NP, Chhattisgarh
----India: Kanha NP, Madhya Pradesh
---India: Namdapha Biosphere Reserve, Arunachal Pradesh; Nagarhole WLS,
Karnataka; Sambalpur WLS, Orissa; Kanha NP, Madhya Pradesh; Indravati NP,
Chhattisgarh
--India: Satpura NP
India: Phambong Lho WLS, Sikkim; Namdapha NP, Assam
---India: Hazaribagh WLS, Jharkhand; Kanha NP, Madhya Pradesh
India: Kanha NP, Satpura NP, Madhya Pradesh
India: Kanha NP, Madhya Pradesh
India: Campbell Bay NP, Andaman & Nicbar Island; Kanha NP, Madhya Pradesh
India: Silent Valley NP, Kerala; Bhimshankar WLS, Maharashtra
-----

Bats in captivity

!
46 *

,

!

,

DE!

" ;

@

42

@

,

D E4 4
!

,

D E

/

/

!,
!
6 *

4 6 *

*"9

Hipposideros durgadasi07$
8)1Latidens salimali 8)-
4

6!
4
#

,:,K /

88)8%

Table 7. Bats in South Asian zoos

Name of the Zoo
Pteropus giganteus
Kamala Nehru Zoological Park, Ahmedabad
Nehru Zoological Park, Hyderabad
Sanjay Gandhi Biological Park, Patna
Total
Rousettes leschenaultii
Dhaka Zoo
0
12
0
12
0
7
0
7
3
0
5
8
3
19
5
27

@

,

4 6 *
!

!
4!

/

6 *

4D
E

?
@
0Pteropus rodricensis1

?

4

8)')

/

0 1J#

9
@
: "

%

8)(88%

?

6!

3@

=

@
56*,

#

@

!

3@

!

@

$

#

43
46 *

!

,
44
-' 4A6*

Economic value of insectivorous bats
P

$
;
$

6 *

,

4

,
,;

?

Tadarida brasiliensis "/

(&
6

,
)F,

?

,
Myotis lucifugus

0 -

1

Myotis
, ;

;

6

6 *

,

H

$

"
6
08%(B88'1
Megaderma lyra

+
?

!

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&'

@

D 3/
E

*
6

,

!

,
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Economic value of fruit bats

"

"

6 *
4

"

@

, =6088-1 #

4
4

::4
=6

C
06C1 #3091* 8)-*

44
6

4

4

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088)1

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6+6
@

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4

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4

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1 0

1

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,

%.

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4 2

4

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45

+

6 *

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6

0
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08%%1

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,

6 *
6 2 *
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Legislation

4

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+

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Pteropus Acerodon

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46 2 *
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6 2 *

9

/$

6 *

4

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46
@
,

9

*"9,

"

%
"

4
A6

3,"0F1

A6 *

6
3,

Rousettus leschenaulti seminudus
9,
/
/

/

9,
9$/Pteropus giganteus
0"
, et al.,88-1

44

6C 4
#

09
1* 8)-

6

,

*

$,
6C

6
6C

=6088-1

,

"

2

#

09
1*

64

6C

6

#

4

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#

09
1* 8)-

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#

#

4

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4
, , &

D,
E

Special issue working groups
* *"9,

,

,
4 6 *

*"9
6
4
#,
=

B-3

B&
/B' BF2

*

,

/

*
/C

Field surveys, monitoring and conservation priorities
,
J
:
"$"
* =

*99*?
9
,

,

%: :

9

;

47

"

/: 6
,

2
4 * 0

14

4

,

,

! 4A6* 6=6 *
A

4A6* 6=

$

Legislation and policy issues ,,
*"H *!*
A
=,6
9

A 76
,,*
A??$,H,
*:
*

"

6C0C
1 4
#

09
1* 8)-

/

4

,

7

6 *

"

"

6
#
*
0
1

Bat taxonomy
,
IG96
"69 6

:"
7766#
G799
6$"6#,9

I=

,

/

/

,

;

/

* /
,

6 *
B R
/

/

H
"

,

/
I /

/

6

! /

/

0
1
$
/

Temples, tourism and bats
,
="
$7
6 2**6,,*"7A J
C

2G6 9
:

J

$

6

Ajantha-Ellora caves, tourism and bats. ::

J
*$

*

/

2
B

/

:

(

4

Education. 7
G
0

1H,017?66#,*?

9

,

48

,

$

Personal commitments
*

, K

< 6=6 *
*"9

,

,
4
*"9

*

C. sphinx

"

/
Rousettus leschenaultiiB

B/

A RhinolophusB

B /

,

B
/
4A6* ,
B
B

6 *
B

B,

AH6

Conclusion
4
* " 90 *"91#,6 *

"
J--'&

-&

-45 A?3

2 -B
2 8BC-BA &-B3 '8B: :

L%BA
2 &

* 6 *

*"90--1

88)

,

,

6 *

*
: :

/

/
6 *

/Pteropus giganteus

4

DE

;

4
,

4

,

6 *

-&

/

+;

/

$

4

!

*
et al.0-1

0--1;
* ,5

49
#
&-

@
88+ 56

,

F

4

6

;

;

3

,

$

, 45 A?3

@

,

$

45 A?3

L

50
Taxon Data Sheets

Pipistrellus (Arielulus) circumdatus

Pipistrellus circumdatus

Vespertilio circumdatus

! "

# $ % &'(
Distribution
)* $ + , #

-$ %
+ % ,$
#

./ 0 1- 2 & 3

% 0 1- 2 & 3

4 5-*- 5 &( ! (

6* - *

7 - 4 - 0 -8 0 * 9
Threats
$ $ / # :

Population
) ;

,- 9 - # :

- # :
LEAST CONCERN in South Asia
Red List 2001 Status derived in the workshop

Ver. 3.1:
LEAST CONCERN

National Status:
+ 4
# # $

Uncertainty
% * 9 $ - 0 0 * (

Other status
< 4 0 $
& # .9-
, $ %
)* 4: <
+. #
Known presence in Protected Areas
#

Recommendations
< $ - 9 (

, 6* (

9 * $ 3- : (

Comments
$ Pipistrellus
Arielulus) circumdatus $ * -
Arielulus circumdatus. 1 : 0 0- ( #
0 9 * - = $ $* ( <
0 0 - $ $ $* $ (
Sources
> 6 ??@8 6- et al( &8 'A '@
(

Compilers
%(( ) $ B(C( +- ( C- "(( C )( # (( #$
%( #* B( C D <( <D$ C( (C( $ $ .(%(%(
$-- 7(( : E( F

Reviewers
< 0 $
Recent Field Studies

%( % )-$ G 9 B-* % + ( ??? * - 9
( , + ( ??&( - 9

Distribution in South Asia from literature and recent field studies

Distribution in South
Lat
Long
Notes/Sources
Asia
INDIA

Assam

)-:$ G 9
&;H ?H A - - :
0
# $
%= % ???
Asia
Meghalaya
$
Sikkim
6 )$
NEPAL
#-
Lat
Long

&AH '

?H A'

Notes/Sources

> 6 ??@

, 0
( , ??&

&@H '' @H @ > 6 ??@
53
Asellia tridens (Geoffroy, E., 1813)

Rhinolophus tridens )00 .( '
Phyllorhina tridens 9 ( murraiana %

6* ) -

6* %

# $ 9 $ 0 0 00
NOT EVALUATED

NOT EVALUATED
Ver. 3.1:

Other status
, $ %
)* 4: <
+. #
#

Recommendations
< $

,

Comments
Distribution
)* E %0 % * +

-$ %

%0$

./ 0 1- # :

% 0 1- # :

4 5-*- # :

6* - # :
Sources
% 8 > 6 ??@8 )00 .( '

Compilers

Reviewers
Threats
$ $ / # :

Population
) # :

,- 9 - # :

- # :
7 -

#

Distribution in South Asia and Myanmar from literature and recent
field studies
Asia
AFGHANISTAN
7
C$

PAKISTAN
Baluchistan
D-
#-$
Sind
C $
$
54
Lat.
Long.

'&H
'H ';
#

&;H A;
&?H ''

&H A

;'H &@
;AH @

Notes/Sources

> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@

;H ;
;;H &

;@H &

> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@

0 murriana
> 6 ??@
&H A ;@H A; > 6 ??@

Vespertilio leucomelas =$ '5'
Barbastella blandfordi $ ?@
Plecotus darjelingensis 6 6 0 AA

. *

! "

6* -

6* 6 0 0 - 0 (

# $ 9 - 9 $: * ( (
Distribution
)* %0$ + + #

-$ %
+ 6 $ $ B- > C$ ,$ G
$ E
#
#E! # $ %

%0$

./ 0 1- 2 & 3

% 0 1- 2 & 3

4 5-*- % / & 5 :( #
0 (

6* - 7 I J $ A -
0 ( 7 3- - 0 ( 6* -
* 0 0 #( $ $ $
0 $ *- $* - * $ (

7 - ! - - 8 0
Threats
$ $ / 6* $* $
0-- ( $ 0- $ - 0 $ /
- 9 * $9 * $ (

#

7 - ! -8 0 (

Population
) # :

,- 9 - # :

- # :

NEAR THREATENED in South Asia

Ver. 3.1:
NEAR THREATENED
%$-$ : *- $* $ - - $9

$ - $ 0-- ( $ 0
$ (
National Status:
+ # $
# # $
7 70
Uncertainty
% * 9 0 - $
- 0 0 * (

Other status
< 4 0 $
& # .9-
, $ %
)* 4: <
+. #
# %- 9 % ,- - # <
#

Recommendations
< $ - 9

, ,

9 * $ 3- : (

Comments
6 * : ( $ $ $ * 9 A 9 - ,--
9 < # #( 4 -*-
* 0 0 0- E #(

Sources
> 6 ??@8 =$ &;'8 6- et al( &8
$ $ ??@8 E > < ??'

Compilers
( , ,( ,- C(<( $ (C( $ $ C(( (
9--

Reviewers
< 0 $

(C( $ $ E # ??@??? , 0 #(
( , ??& - 9(
55
Distribution in South Asia and Afghanistan based on literature and recent field studies
Distribution in
South Asia
AFGHANISTAN
C- D
C$
E= $
INDIA
Himachal Pradesh

Jammu & Kashmir
%$
$ :$
$
F 7:
Meghalaya
C$ 6
$-
Sikkim
6 )$

'H
'AH &A

'H @

'&H A
'&H A;
''H '
'AH A@

&AH '
&AH '

@H
@H &;

@@H ?

@H
@AH @
@H A
@?H &

?H A'
?&H &

4$-
,-
Uttar Pradesh
C
Uttaranchal
,-
West Bengal
7 D
&@H ;

&?H AA

'H &;

&@H &
H ';

@?H A

@H

H &
56
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources

> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@

> 6 ??@

> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@

> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@

, 0
( , ??&
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@

> 6 ??@

> 6 ??@

( 0 B. leucomelas
D
Distribution in
South Asia
Lat.
Long.
> 6 ??@

> 6 ??@
#6
#6
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@

6 0
70
$ $ ???
6 0
70
$ $ ???
6 0
70
$ $ ???
* > 6 ??&

'AH A
';H @

'H '

@H &
@H

@@H &&

> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@

> 6 ??@
6
C
# *
&;H A& ?H

&@H H &A
&@H H &A

NEPAL
%-
9
&@H H &

,- -
#
< # &?H ' &H A
# ; A

PAKISTAN
Northern Areas
)
#
NWFP
7- )
Notes/Sources

Lejhin Patanak Chamchika8 . $

40

! 6

6* : $ - ; 9 -(

6* !

# $ 6: 9( G '@(
Distribution
)* $ $ + + , , :
"

-$ %
$
+ ,$ E

,
# $

./ 0 1- 2 & 3 (

% 0 1- 2 & 3 (

4 5-*- 5 ( ! (

6* - 7 I &J - 0 (
7 3- - 0 (
7 - 4 - --8 0 (

Threats
$ $ / 70 ( $ 0- $ - 0 $
/ : - 9 * $ (
7 - ! -8 0 (
Population
) # :

,- 9 - # :

- # :

Ver. 3.1:
NEAR THREATENED
%$-$ : *- $* $ - - $9

$ - $ 0-- ( + # $ -
0 0- 0 0 $* (

National Status
$ # $
+ # $

Uncertainty
% * 9 $ - 0 0 * (

Other status
< 4 0 $
& # .9-
, $ %
)* 4: <
+. #

#

Recommendations
< $ - 9 0 $ 6"%

, , -* :

9 * $ 3- : (

Comments
$ 0 - $- $* /
F((
$(
Sources
$ 8 > 6 ??@8 6- et al( &8 C$ &8
E > < ??'

Compilers
(B(B( ((,(( 7 ( C- )( # .(%(%( $-- <(
<D$ %( $*$ E( F

Reviewers
< 0 $


#

Distribution in South Asia and Myanmar based on literature and field study
Distribution in
South Asia
BANGLADESH
- *
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources

&H A ?H > 6
C$ &
INDIA

Meghalaya

$ -D
&AH ; ?H & > 6
West Bengal

7 D
&@H & H & > 6
MYANMAR (NORTHERN)

6
&;H '; ?@H A' > 6
??@
??@
??@
??@
57

Pachysoma brachyotis , '
Cynopterus marginatus 9 ( ceylonicus ) @

4 70 ! -

!

6* % * (

6* G * 0 (

# $ 0 ( G &(
Distribution
)* 4 + , $ -
-: - + D

-$ %
+ %$ $ $ ) C ,$ $ #
#-
4 9 G9 9

./ 0 1- 2 & 3 (

% 0 1- 2 & 3 (

4 5-*- ,( , * 0 (

6* - 7 3- 0 $* - 0 0
(

7 - ) 0 -8 * 9(
Threats
$ $ / 6* * 0 ( $ :
- 9 * *- $9 (

7 - ! -8 0 (
Population
) ; (

,- 9 - 2 ( ,- 9 - *(

- # :


Ver. 3.1:
LEAST CONCERN

National Status:
+ 4
4 4

Uncertainty
% * 9 $ - 0 0 * (

Other status
< 4 0 $
& # .9-
1 E ! - %
)* # $
+. #

Known presence in Protected Areas:
+ # $ # C,-$- < 9
4 6 #

Recommendations
< $ - 9

, ,
Comments
+0 $ 0 + ( $ $ 4(
$ *$9 - 9
0- - ( $-$ 0- $ 0 -$ . %
- 0- $ 0 $ + -*
((
#$(
Sources
> 6 ??@8 , *- $ et al( ??&8 , '8 E >
< ??'
Compilers
7((( 7 %(( ) $ #( )-- B(C( +- 7(( B$ (
C- %(B( C D "(( C )( , -$- (( #$ C( #$
%( #* ( *$ <( <D$ C( .(%( %(
$-- #( 9 ((<( 7(( : E( F C(
7( F

Reviewers
< 0 $

B( $ 7(( : %( $ C( +- %$ - 6 C C$ ??@& $* 0
0 *$9 - - (
F(( $ # B- ??(

58

Asia
INDIA
Andhra Pradesh
K
Goa
,
-
Karnataka
# $
B !

K" D
Maharashtra
C$
,$*$:
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources

AH &

@H A

> 6 ??@

9 0 ( +0
0 C. b ceylonensis(
./ 0 0
*- E )$
$ * -* $
, ( ,(( $
- 9 ?? ??@
(
0 )
% :
?@'8 C
7 ?;8
$ 8 E 8 %8
#-8 %
$
?; 9
$ *
-*0- 9 $ * 0
$ - 9
> 6 ??@

! E 0 - (
,(( $ - 9 ??
??@ (
+0 0 C. b
ceylonensis( ./ 0
0 *- E )$
$ * -* $
, (

+0 0 C. b
ceylonensis( ./ 0
0 *- E )$
$ * -* $
, ( ,(( $
- 9 ?? ??@
(
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@

+0 0 C. b
ceylonensis( ./ 0
0 *- E )$
$ * -* $
, ( ,(( $
????@
+0 0 C. b

H A
H &
H

H A
@H A;

@;H
@H
@H A

@'H &A
@'H &
Asia
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
Nagaland
, 7 $
Tamil Nadu
%$

$ -
- 6
?H A
ceylonensis( ./ 0

0 *- E )$
$ * -* $
, ( ,(( $
- 9 ?? ??@
(

$ ??

(( #$ B( C( +-
7(( : 7 ??@
&
@@H &; > 6 ??@
C$
C
,-$-
< 9
C
,-
SRI LANKA
Central Province
6
C-*-:
,$-:
,-
--
?H AA

;H AA
@H
@H ;
@H '&
@H
@H @

H
H A
H
H &
H '
G -
Uva Province
7

@H @

;H A@
;H A
H

H ?
H ?
6- 0

$* 0
(( #$ B(C( +-
7(( : 7 ??@
&
6- 0
$* 0 ( ((
#$ B(C( +-
7(( : 7 ??@&
> 6 ??@
(( #$ B( C( +-
7(( : 7 ??@
&
6- 0
$* 0 (
(( #$ B(C( +-
7(( : 7 ??@
&
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@

> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
0 ceylonensis
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@

> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
59

Vespertilio sphinx "$ @?@
Cynopterus angulatus , ?
Cynopterus brachysoma 7* @
Cynopterus marginatus
9 ( Pachysoma scherzeri L* ;?
Cynopterus marginatus 9 ( andamensis 7* @'
Cynopterus marginatus 9 ( ellioti ) @
Cynopterus sphinx gangeticus % ?
Pachysoma brevicaudatum '@
Pteropus marginatus )00 .(
Pteropus pusillus )00 .( '
Vespertilio fibulatus "$ @?@

Bucha-nak Kola Badur8 . $ $
+ ! -

!

6* % * (

6* % -- $ 0 *- (

# $ ( G &(
Distribution
)* $ $- + , # 4

-$ %
$
$-
+ % > # * + %$ $ % -$ $
% $ $$ $ ) )-D B- > C$ C
C ,$ $ ,$ $ ,$ # 1
<D$ #- - G $ G $ E
#

4 9 # $ 9 # $ E
9 * -: 9 -$ 9 E 9

,
# $

./ 0 1- 2 & 3 (

% 0 1- 2 & 3 (

4 5-*- ,( # 0 (

6* - - ( 6 $ 9 (

Ver.3.1:
LEAST CONCERN

National Status:
$ 4
$- 7 70
+ 4
# 4
7 70
4 4

Uncertainty
% * 9 $ - 0 0 * (

Other status
< 4 0 $
& # .9-
1 E ! - %
)* # $
+. #

+ E 0 - #-8 E 0
- C: E 0 - # D-
< 9 %$ $8 C$ # ,$ $8
+ 9 # $$ $(
Recommendations
< $ - 9

, ,
Comments
1 0 $ *- * -$ % ( < $ * 0-
$ - * *
9 ( / $ 3- -* 0
0 - $ ( $
*- 0 :$ $ $ ** - (

Sources
> 6 ??@8 6 $ > $ &8 C$ &8
, *- $ et al., ??&8 "$ @?@8 E > < ??'
Compilers
%( % (B(B( ((,(( 7 ( C- )( # <( <D$
.(%(%( $-- %( $*$ E( F
Reviewers
< 0 $
7 - ! - 8 * 9(

Threats
$ $ / 6* 9 0
/ $- $- 0 (

7 - ! -8 0 (
Population
) ;

,- 9 - 2

- $ -
$ 0-- (

7 - ! -8 0 (
60

6( <$- , 9 - 1$- ,- # + &&(
"( .9 )( , -$- #( )-- ,- B & & % 0 *$9 - (
7(( B$ et al. 4 -$ ,$ $ , & ! -(
(( #$ -9 & <
B( C( +- C( F( ( 6( <$- #( 9 #( )-- )( , -$- (( #$ > "( .9 ,- ??;???
) - (
(( 7 - & B-9 (
(( #$ -9 ??;& * - -- (
( 9-- > ( 9-- 6 * ??@ : $ 00 0 $
(
( 9-- $ -$- %$ $ ??A : - 0 *5$ 9 %$ $(
B( " $ > ( B *$ ,-- %* <D &(
F(( C > C(7( F - ??& . - 0- - 9 0 * - (
,(%( % - )-:$ ??@ ! 0 *$9 - 0 C. sphinx.
%(C( $ 9 $ > %(( ) $ C - $ C ???&
Distribution in South Asia and Myanmar from literature and recent field studies

Distribution in South Lat.
Long. Notes/Sources
Asia
BANGLADESH

7$
&'H & ?H && C$ &8
> 6 ??@
B -
&AH ; ?&H > 6 ??@
B$
&H ' ?H > 6 ??@
* 7
&H ? ?H > 6 ??@
9 !
&'H A' ?H @ > 6 ??@
- *

C$ &
-$ E

C$ &
# $ 7
BHUTAN

$-$
&;H A& ?H ' C. brachyotis
angulatus $ ?@?
> 6 ??@
INDIA

Andaman & Nicobar Islands

# * # * ?H & ?&H ; 0 scherzeri
+
> 6 ??@
) # *
@H ?'H A brachyotis scherzeri
# * +
% ?&
> 6 ??@
,$
H A ?&H A brachyotis 6
% +
?;@
> 6 ??@
,*
H A ?&H & > 6 ??@
% +
% H ?&H > 6 ??@
+
Andhra Pradesh

> 6 ??@

> 6 ??@
E 0
AH@ @;H&; 9-- (
-
-$
H ' @H A > 6 ??@
6 *

9-- (
C: E 0
?H& @?H 9-- (
-
C- -
'H A @?H > 6 ??@
# $

6* - 0 0

9-- (

6* - 0 0

9-- (
" $$
@H & 'H & > 6 ??@
Arunachal Pradesh

$--
&;H && ?'H A& > 6 ??@
,
&@H '? ?;H A > 6 ??@
#$
&@H '? ?;H ' C. angulatus $
?A

Asia
Long.
Notes/Sources
> 6 ??@

&;H ' ?'H A@ > 6 ??@

, $
7 $
%( % ??@
Bihar

&'H A AH &' > 6 ??@
$ C$
&@H ; H &? > 6 ??@
7 *$
&;H AH A > 6 ??@
)
&H AH > 6 ??@
6= *
&H AH &' > 6 ??@
C $
&AH '' @H ' > 6 ??@
4-
&&H &? AH A > 6 ??@
,-
&H A@ ;H > 6 ??@

&AH '@ AH & > 6 ??@
-
&AH @ @H & > 6 ??@
<$
&H 'H A? > 6 ??@
-
&AH A& AH @ > 6 ??@

&H @ @H A > 6 ??@

&H AH > 6 ??@
$*$-
&'H ' AH A > 6 ??@
Chhattisgarh

6 $ > $ &
+ 9 #

6 $ > $ &
Goa

,
AH A @'H A? > 6 ??@
"
AH ' @H A > 6 ??@
Gujarat

%
&&H ' @'H > 6 ??@
7
&H ' @&H A > 6 ??@
9
&H & @'H > 6 ??@
-
&H @&H A > 6 ??@
"

> 6 ??@
B- > C$

B$DD C
'&H AA @AH A > 6 ??@
Karnataka

&H A @@H 'A > 6 ??@
-
AH A @H '; > 6 ??@
$
&H @&H 1 $
6- 0 0
%(C( $ 9 $ > %(( ) $(
7$ :
AH ' @AH 0 ellioti
6
AH & @;H &A > 6 ??@
6:
H ? @H &@ * M C. brachyotis
> 6 ??@
C -
&H @&H 1 $
6- 0 0
%(C( $ 9 $ > %(( ) $(
,
&H A @H A > 6 ??@
Assam
)$
-
61
Asia
,

Kerala
%=$-
$
C

Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
&H
&H &A

@;H '@
@;H

9 -
"-
Madhya Pradesh
%* -
$
B*-
H

&'H ?

&'H
@;H A@

'H &

@?H A?
C$ #

,

&H ' @;H &
1 $
$$-
G
Maharashtra

*
$
4 0
&AH &
&'H

?H
H A;
?H A

#
-
&H @'H A&

H ' @'H A
> 6 ??@

> 6 ??@

> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
%( #* ( C- %(
$ &
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@

> 6 ??@
6 $ > $ &
> 6 ??@
6 $ > $ &
6 $ > $ &
> 6 ??@
6 $ > $ &
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
6 $ > $ &

> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
E $ 0 :
$- (
# $
7(( B$ (
> 6 ??@
! $ 7
%$ *-
!
9 0 *-
"(( C > C(7( F &
> 6 ??@

> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@

6-
%( $*$ &
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@

> 6 ??@

> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@

@H '
H A

@&H A
@&H A
@?H &

Meghalaya
$
$ -D
7
. C$ $

&AH ;
&AH '
&AH &

?H &
?H &
?H AA
C$
, $
,: -
<
**

-
G
E
Nagaland
# 6
Orissa
$:

$
7$
)D
C$
CD$
C -
,- *$D
$-*
-
*-
- $
Rajasthan
&AH &
&@H @

&AH ?

&AH '&

&;H

&H

?H A@
&H A&
H
&H A&
&H '

&&H

?H '
?AH

?H &&

?H

?H '

AH '?

'H
;H
&H
;H
H

H

62
Asia
:
B$:
-
Tamil Nadu
*
-
Lat.
Long.
-* 9
7$ -
C-

&H @H @
H @&H &
C

C=$
,-
H ; @;H &

?H AA @H @
,
9 -
,--
H
@@H &
1$-

AH @H
--
--9
" -

H @@H A;
- - 6
-9

H @&H &
-9
&'H '& @H & > 6 ??@

&AH &

H &

@AH &

@;H A?

3-* -*- H @?H A

G ,
"$
Tripura
%*$
%
Notes/Sources
?H A
?H

&'H
&'H A
@@H &
@@H ?

?H &A
?H &'
> 6 ??@

> 6 ??@
!
6- 0 -
0
#( )-- (( #$ 6(
<$- .(F((
9 )( , -$-
.9 ??A&
#( 9
> 6 ??@
$
<- 9 * 0
$- 0 0(
(( #$ B(C( +- #(
)-- 7(( : 7
B( $ ??A&
> 6 ??@
4 $*
$
<- 9 * 0
$- 0 0
(( #$ B(C( +- #(
)-- 7(( : 7
B( $ ??A&
> 6 ??@

-
6( <$- .(F((
9 )( , -$-
.9 &

B( " $ ( & :

-
6( <$- .(F((
9 )( , -$-
.9 &
%$ 7 -$8 >
6 ??@
4 $*
#( 9
#( )-- (( #$ 6(
<$- .(F((
9 )( , -$-
.9 ??A&
#( 9
$
<- 9 * 0
$- 0 0
(( #$ B(C( +-
)-- #( 7(( :
7 B( $ ??A&
> 6 ??@
!
6- 0 -
0
#( )-- (( #$ 6(
<$- .(F((
9 )( , -$-
.9 ??A&
0 sphinx
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@

> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@

Asia
%*
&'H AA
%
&'H
$
&H &
$
&'H '
)
&'H A
) D
&'H &A
C$-
&'H A
-
&'H A
Uttar Pradesh

%

&AH &
$

7$ 7-
'H ?
4-:
&;H A
, =-
&@H
#
&?H &&
-
'H
$ *$
&H '@
$ $
&?H 'A
West Bengal

-
&'H
$
&'H
*$-
&'H
C
&&H 'A
7 D
&&H 'A
6
&&H 'A
6-
&&H A&
B -
&&H A&
,$

, -

,- $ *
&H
#
&H
# $ &

- -
&'H &
-$ &
&&H &&
E 7 D-
&AH '
MYANMAR (NORTHERN)
%$

C
C
,
,-
Long.
?H A
?H '
?&H &
?H
?H A
?H &@
?H A
?H 'A

'H

@H '
H A
@?H ''
@;H &;
@H
@?H
H &

@H A
@H A
@H A
H &
H &
H &
H &
H &

H ?
H ?

;H &
H &A
H

Notes/Sources
> 6 ??@

> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@

> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
0 gangeticus
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@

> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@

-
6- - *
C(,( : &

9
6- - *
C(,( : &
&'H & ?H &? > 6 ??@
&'H & ?H &? > 6 ??@

4 9
6- - *
C(,( : &
&H A; ?AH ; > 6 ??@
Asia
--
-
F
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
&&H ' ?@H && > 6 ??@

&'H & ?H &? > 6 ??@

-
6- - *
C(,( : &
NEPAL

*
&@H 'A AH 'A > 6 ??@
$
&H ' H @ > 6 ??@
$
&H H '@ > 6 ??@
$*-

> 6 ??@
-
&@H '' @H ; > 6 ??@
E

> 6 ??@
PAKISTAN

C $
&H A ;@H & > 6 ??@
,
&H A? ;@H ' > 6 ??@
SRI LANKA

North Central Province

%- $-
H & H &A > 6 ??@
# $

> 6 ??@
:
H &@ H '@ > 6 ??@
North Western Province

C 1
H & H > 6 ??@
C-
';H @ ;H A > 6 ??@
Central Province

%*:

> 6 ??@
.$
@H H @ > 6 ??@
,
@H & H '@ > 6 ??@
,-
@H '& H & > 6 ??@

@H '& H '? > 6 ??@

@H A@ H ; > 6 ??@
G -
@H @ H > 6 ??@
Western Province

-$ $
;H '? H ' > 6 ??@
*
;H AA @?H A& > 6 ??@
7$ :
;H A& @?H A& > 6 ??@
,-
;H '& H A > 6 ??@
Sabaragamuwa Province

;H H &; > 6 ??@

;H H &; > 6 ??@
Southern Province

6*
&H ' @AH > 6 ??@
,
;H A H ; > 6 ??@
63

Macroglossus spelaeus 7* @

7:
9 ! -

!

6* 9 : 5 (

6* , -- $ 0 9 0 (

# $ 9( G (

Distribution
)* + - ( $ $ E( , -
B9 -* + $

-$ %
+ % > # * %$ $ % C
, - ,$ # #- G $(

,
# $ F

./ 0 1- 2 & 3 (

% 0 1- 2 & 3 (

4 5-*- ,( !

6* - 6*- - 0 $- 0 (
7 - ! - * 9(
Threats
$ $ / 6* ( +0- 0 $ $ -
: - 9 * $ (
7 - ! -8 0 (

Ver. 3.1:
LEAST CONCERN

??@ (%(,((
" ( &('
"- *

National Status:
+ 4
7&
Uncertainty
% * 9 $ - 0 0 * (

Other status
< 4 0 $
& # .9-
1 E ! - %
)* # $
+. #

+ C,-$- < 9 #-

Recommendations
< $ - 9

, ,
Comments
, $ 9 - , (
Sources
7* @8 > 6 ??@8 $ > 9 ??8
, *- $ et al( ??&8 E > < ??'
Compilers
( , ,( ,- F(( $ C(( ( 9-- C(,( :
Reviewers
< 0 $
Population
) ; (

,- 9 - 2 ( )* - - * 2 (

- 7 $ -:(

7 - ! -8 0 (

C(,( : , ???& 9 (
( 7 et al C,< + ??? - 9
F(( $ D- 9 ) $ + ???A 0 $ +
( C- ,- C + ?? - 9

64
Distribution in
Lat.
South Asia
INDIA

$ - % H
+
Andhra Pradesh

" $$
@H &
7
Assam

C$ $

Karnataka

,-
H &;
#
Manipur
B *
Meghalaya
$ -D
4
D- 9
G
Nagaland
Long.
Notes/Sources

?&H A > 6 ??@

'H & > 6 ??@

@H &?

> 6 ??@

-* 9
$ > 9 ?@&'
C(( ??
> 6 ??@
H & @H '' -* 9
$ > 9 ?@&'
C(( ??
> 6 ??@

> 6 ??@

&AH ; ?H & > 6 ??@

> 6 ??@
&AH '& @AH @ > 6 ??@

> 6 ??@

Distribution in
South Asia
L-$*
Sikkim
6 )$
Lat.

Long.
Notes/Sources
> 6 ??@

, 0
70
( , ??&
> 6 ??@
Tamil Nadu

C,<+ -=$

-* 9
7((( 7 B(C( +- ((
#$ ???
Uttaranchal

#
&?H && @;H &; > 6 ??@
$ $
&?H 'A H & > 6 ??@
MYANMAR (NORTHERN)

Yangon

%$

9 *-
: ???&
C

9 *- (
: ???&
,

9 *-
: ???&
,-
;H ' ?@H '? 0 spelea
> 6 ??@

65

: Vesperus botae ;?

Eptesicus ognevi * ?

N

! "

6* < *- * 9 (

6* 1 - 9 (

# $ - 9 ( G '(
Distribution
)* - . F , %0$

-$ %
# $

%0$

./ 0 1- A 3 (

% 0 1- A 3 (

4 5-*- ' 5 '( --(

6* - # :(

7 - 4 - 8 0 (
Threats
$ $ / # :
Population
) # :

,- 9 - # :

- # :

Ver. 3.1:
DATA DEFICIENT

National Status:
7 70

Uncertainty
% * 0 $ - 0 0 * (

Other status
< 4 0 $
& # .9-
, $ %
)* 4: <
+. #
#

Recommendations
< $ - 9 0 $ - (

, , $* -* :

9 * $ 3- : (
Comments
# 0 $* 3- ( # : 0 ( 1
* 0 ( E
.
$ (
Sources
;?8 E > < ??'8 > 6 ??@(

Compilers
%(( ) $ #( )-- B(C( +- ( C- "(( C ((
#$ %( #* B(C( <D <( <D$ C( .(%(%(
$-- 7(( : E( F
Reviewers
< 0 $

#
Distribution in South Asia and Afghanistan based on literature

Distribution in South Asia
AFGHANISTAN
! =*
KC*-
PAKISTAN
Northern areas
$ $
66
Lat.

'@H A

'AH &
Long.

@H

@H A&
DATA DEFICIENT in South Asia
Notes/Sources

> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@

> 6 ??@

Eptesticus nilssonii * ?&;
Eptesticus nilssonii centralasiaticus * ?&;
Eptesticus nilssonii gobiensis * ?&;
Eptesticus nilssonii kashgaricus * ?&;

* N

! "

6* % * 9 $* (

6* 7 0 0 G<(

# $ < 9 ( '&'&A(
Distribution
)* %0$ # * $ , <-
$ % - (

-$ %
#
# $

%0$

./ 0 1- A 3 ( +0 * -

% 0 1-A 3 ( +0 * -

4 5-*- & 5 :( ! (

6* - # :

DATA DEFICIENT
Ver. 3.1:

National Status:
# 7 70
7 70

Uncertainty
% * - 0 $ - 0 0
* (

Other status
< 4 0 $
& # .9-
, $ %
)* 4: <
+. #

#
Recommendations
< $ - 9

, ,
Comments
E. nilsonii 0 $ * E. gobiensis( #
- $ $ 6 ??@( E
$ (

Sources
> 6 ??@8 * ?&;8 $ * ?'
Compilers
%(( ) $ #( )-- B(C( +- ( C- B( C D "((
C (( #$ %( #* <( <D$ C( .(%(%(
$-- 7(( : E( F
7 - 4 - 8 0 (

Threats
$ # :
Reviewers
< 0 $
Population
) # :

,- 9 - # :

- # :

#
Distribution in South Asia and Afghanistan from literature

Asia
AFGHANISTAN
C*-
NEPAL
# /
PAKISTAN
Northern areas
)
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources

'H ' ;?H % nilssonii kashgaricus
! ?@
> 6 ??@

> 6 ??@

'AH A @H & * (
> 6 ??@
67

Vesperugo (Vesperos) nasutus 7* @@

! "

6* E 0 - *- 9(

6* 9 * (
Distribution
)* % * + 3 + %0

-$ %
-$

%0$

./ 0 1- A 3 ( +0 * -

% 0 1- A 3 ( +0 * -

4 5-*- 5 :( --(

6* - # :

Ver. 3.1:
DATA DEFICIENT
National Status:
7 70
Uncertainty
% * - 0 $ - 0 0
* (

Other status
< 4 0 $
& "- * %&
, $ %
)* "- * %&
+. #

#
Recommendations
< $ - 9 0 $ 0 $ - (

, , $* -* :
Comments
# - 9 *(
7 - 4 - 8 0 (

Sources
> 6 ??@8 7* @@8 E > < ??'

Compilers
%(( ) $ #( )-- B(C( +- ( C- "(( C %(
#* (( #$ B(C( <D <( <D$ C( .(%(
%($-- 7(( : E( F
Threats
$ # :
Population
) # :

,- 9 - # :

- # :
Reviewers
< 0 $

#

AFGHANISTAN
B*
4$
PAKISTAN
Baluchistan
C$
<D*
D- 0 <=$ > $
9 -$
Sind
<$
68
Lat.

'H '

&H '

Long.

@H

;AH &;

Notes/Sources

> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@

> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@

( 0 nasutus
0
?(
> 6 ??@

Vesperugo pachyotis 7* @

Motakanwala Chamchika8 . $ $

! "

6* # :

6* # :
Distribution
)* $ + , $ *

-$ %
$ # $ $ -
+ ,$

./ 0 1- I A 3 ( +0 * -

% 0 1- # :

4 5-*- # :

6* - # :

DATA DEFICIENT
Ver. 3.1:
National Status:
$ 7 70
+ 7 70

Uncertainty
% * - $ - 0 0 * (

Other status
< 4 0 $
& 4: < $
, $ %
)* 4: <
+. #

#
Recommendations
< $ - 9 / $ 6"%

, , -* :

9 * $ 3- : (
Comments
!- $ / $ - 0 $ * (
# 0 - = $ *- (
7 - 4 - 8 0

Threats
$ $ / # :
Sources
> 6 ??@8 7* @8 C$ &8 E > <
??'
Population
) # :

,- 9 - # :

- # :
Compilers
(B(B( ((,(( 7 ( C- )( # <( <D$ .(%(%(
$-- %( $*$ E( F
Reviewers
< 0 $

#
Distribution in South Asia from literature and field sighting

BANGLADESH
# $ $ -
$
INDIA
Meghalaya
C$ 6
Lat.

&AH '
Long.

?H A'
Notes/Sources

C$ &

0
pachyotis(
70
> 6 ??@
69

: Vespertilio serotinus $ * @@

Eptesicus serotinus pashtonus ) ?@
Scotophilus pachyomus A@
Vespertilio turcomanus .9

$

! "

6* -* 9 -(

6* 9 9 (

# $ $: 9 ( ;&&''(
Distribution
)* E .- $ -$ ( % <- 6 $
$ $ C : ( . #( %0
, 8 $ -*$ %0 + # *
%0$
6 (

-$ %
+ % B- > C$ # <D$ G $
#
#E!

%0$

, C: 0 (

./ 0 1- 2 & 3 (

% 0 1- 2 & 3 ( . * A
0 0 A ( - $ / (

4 5-*- 5 :( ! (

6* - 7 2J A - 0

3- *- $$ $- 0
$* ( 7 3- (
7 - 4 - 0 -8 * 9 0 8 0 (
- 0 * / : # : $
- $ $ 0 (

Threats
$ $ / ./ % $*
- ( $ : - 9 * *- $9
(

Ver. 3.1:
NEAR THREATENED

%$-$ : *- $* $ - - $9
$ - $ 0-- ( $ 9
- $ *- # $ (

National Status:
+ # $
# # $
7 70

Uncertainty
% * 9 - $ - 0
0 * (

Other status
< 4 0 $
& # .9-
, $ %
)* 4: <
+. #

# ,-- - #

Recommendations
< $ - 9

, , $*

Comments
EE! + 9 0 B- C$ $
* - C$ (

Sources
7*D $- +0 $8 > 6 ??@8
$ $ ??@8 EE! O + ??@
Compilers
( , ,( ,- C(<( $ (C( $ $ C(( (
9--

Reviewers
< 0 $
7 - ! -8 * 9 0 (

Population
) # :

,- 9 - # :

- # :

(C( $ $ ,- - # ??@?? , 0 #
7( $- 7$-$ )-$ B ???& 6* - -
70
Distribution in South Asia and Afghanistan from literature and recent field studies

Distribution in
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
Distribution in
South Asia
South Asia
AFGHANISTAN

Nagaland
! =*
'@H A @H > 6 ??@
-*
B*
'H &; @H &A 0 pashtonus
Rajasthan
> 6 ??@
0 /
C-
';H @ ;H A > 6 ??@
$

> 6 ??@
Uttar Pradesh
INDIA

,-
Assam

NEPAL
7
&;H A ?H ' > 6 ??@
,- -
#
4 -
&@H & ?AH $$ $-
6- 0
7( $- ???&
-
Jammu & Kashmir

PAKISTAN
%$
'&H A @H > 6 ??@
NWFP
$ :$
'&H A; @AH @ > 6 ??@
C
$
'H @AH &A > 6 ??@
$
''H @AH > 6 ??@
Lat.
Long.

&AH '@

?H '&

&@H ''

'H &;
Notes/Sources

> 6 ??@

0 pachyomus
> 6 ??@

> 6 ??@

,- 0$ 0
70
(C( $ $ ??@???
@H ; > 6 ??@

@&H ' > 6 ??@
71
Eptesicus tatei Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951

Ver.3.1:
DATA DEFICIENT

??@ (%(,((
" ( &('
7 70

Uncertainty
% * 9 $ - 0 0 * (
Nycticieius atratus $ ;'

*

! "

6* + 9 -

6* E 0

Distribution
)* . -$ %
+

-$ % . +
E 7 D

./ 0 1- # :(

% 0 1- # :(

4 5-*- 5 :

6* - # :(

7 - 4 - --8 0
Other status
< 4 0 $
& 7 70
, $ %
)* 7 70
+. #

#

Recommendations
< $ - 9 / $8 0 $ 6"%

, , $* -* :

Comments
!- $ / $ :$$ -
( +0 - 9 : $ 7 D $- * -
:$$ $ * / ( % 0 $
- ( 0 ( 1 - 0 0 (

Sources
. > , ?A8 E > < ??'8 >
6 ??@8 % : et al., ??&

Compilers
(B(B( ((,(( 7 ( C- )( # <( <D$ .(%(%(
$-- %( $*$ E( F
Threats
$ $ / # :
Population
) # :

,- 9 - # :

- # :
Reviewers
< 0 $

#
Distribution in South Asia from literature

INDIA
West Bengal
7 D
72
Lat.
Long.
DATA DEFICIENT
Notes/Sources

&@H & H & > 6 ??@

: Vespertilio harpia
Harpiocephalus harpia madrassius $ ?&'
Harpiocephalus rufus ) &
Lasiurus pearsoni 6 0 A
Noctulinia lasyurus 6 @

6 :

! "

6*

6* !$ : 9 9 : $ (

# $ G ;(

Distribution
)* + : " + -$ ,-
+ B9 4 -(

-$ %
$-
+ % C ,$ , = #- G
$ E

./ 0 1- 2 & 3 ( +0 * -

% 0 1- 2& 3 ( +0 * -

4 5-*- ,( ! (

6* - I J $ - 0 (
7 3- - 0 (
7 - 4 - 8 0 * 9(
Threats
$ $ / 6* 0

7 - ! -8 0 (
Population
) ;

,- 9 - 2 ( IJ $ -* 0 -
9 - $ 0-- - $* (

- :

7 - 4 - 8 0

Ver. 3.1:
NEAR THREATENED

70 $ $9 0- $ ( <- 0 $
- - $- 0 (
0- - 9 ( # - 0 $
$ 0 0 C ,(

National Status:
$- 7 70
+ # $

Uncertainty
% * 9 - $ - 0
0 * (

Other status
< 4 0 $
& # .9-
, $ %
)*
+. #

#

Recommendations
< $ - 98 0 $ $(

, , $* -* :
Comments
Harpiocephalus mordax * 0 H.
harpia 00 P * > 6 ??&Q(
,$ Harpiocephala mordax
$ ?&'( 0
$* 0 $ * ( , et al., ??;( ,
0 , = ( # $ ( 7 ?;
9 : $ - 0 $ 0 * - - Harpiocephalus
* 6 ??& $ 0 $
+ H. mordax $ ?&'( $- Harpiocepahlus
0 $ * * C ??'
0 $ - 0 : $ ( 6:9 *
$ > 6
??@ Harpiocephalus 0
-(
Sources
8 E > < ??'8 > 6 ??@8 $
???(
Compilers
%(( ) $ B(C( +- ( C- "(( C )( # (( #$
%( #* B(C( <D <( <D$ C( (C( $ $ .(%(%(
$-- 7(( : E( F
Reviewers
< 0 $

#

73
Distribution in South Asia from literature and recent field sightings

Distribution in
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
Distribution in
South Asia
South Asia
BHUTAN

$- 7-
&;H A ?H &A #6
Sikkim
INDIA

< 9
$5< <
Assam

Tamil Nadu
< -
&;H A ?H ? > 6 ??@

-
Kerala

West Bengal
$-
H ; @;H & > 6 ??@
7 D
,*
H @;H A > 6 ??@
)$-
# /

# : 0 9 *(
- 9 - * C!<+ $
6
$ 0 $ $ C
(
C-
*$ ( ?????
"
Meghalaya

$ -D
&AH ; ?H & > 6 ??@

,:$
&AH &A ?&H ' > 6 ??@
Mizoram

74
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
&'H ' ?'H > 6 ??@

&@H ' H ' > 6 ??@

H

&@H &

@@H '

H &
&@H &
&;H A&
&;H A'
&;H A
&;H '
H &
?H
H &
H &
H A
&@H H &

> 6 ??@

0 lasyura > pearsoni
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
#6
#6
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@

6 :

! "

6*

6* !

# $ # :

Distribution
)* + : " ,- + B9 4
- (

-$ %
+

./ 0 1- # :

4 5-*- # :

6* - 70

7 - +0 (
Threats
$ $ / 70 ( $ : -
: * 9 * $ (
7 - + 0 8 0 (
Population
) # :

,- 9 - # :

- # :

Ver. 3.1:
DATA DEFICIENT

??@ (%(,((
" ( &('
# .9-
National Status:
+ 7 70

Uncertainty
% * 9 $ - 0 0 * (

Other status
< 4 0 $
& 4: < $
, $ %
)*
+. #

#

Recommendations
< $ / - - 9

, 6*

Comments
# ( % 9 - - Harpiocephalus harpia
- :$ $ 0 :$ $ ( 0
/ *- 0 $ $* $ (
Sources
> 6 ??@ $ ?&'
Compilers
,(%( % (B(B( F(( $ C(,( : %( $*$
Reviewers
< 0 $

#
75

: Nycticejus tickelli $ A
Nycticejus isabellinus C A

% Chunga baduli8 . $ N

! "

6* 0 8 $ $ 0 (

6* : 0 : =(

# $ 4 0 8 - (
Distribution
)* + 4 # $- , $ $
-$: $

-$ %
$-
+ % > # * + % $ ) C
C ,$ $ ,$ $ 1 <D$ E

#
4 9 # $ 9 # $ E
9 # $ 9 * -: 9 -$
9 G9 9 E 9

,
# $

./ 0 1- 2 & 3 ( +0 * -

% 0 1- 2 & 3 ( +0 * -

4 5-*- ,( ! (

6* - I J $* $ ( I J
$ / - 0 $ $
$- $* :( $ 3- - :
$- $* $ $ - (

7 - 4 - + 0 8 0 (
Threats
$ $ / 6* 0 / $-
$- 0 $- 0

G:

Ver. 3.1:
LEAST CONCERN

National Status:
$- 7 70
+ 4
# 7 70
4 # $

Uncertainty
% * 9 0 $ - 0 0
* (

Other status
, $ %
)* 4: <
+. #

#
Recommendations
< $ - 9 0 $ 0 $ 6"%

, , $* -* :
Comments
F(( $ ?; 0 $ $ Hesperoptenus
tickelii 0 $ * B$ $
tickelli % (
+N : $ $ 0 $
0 ( - * $9 * - + (
6:9 : * 7 ( F N 0 0 $
4 $ $ - * # $ (
< 0 - 9 - * ( $ $
$ $ 0 #( - -* *
: *- (

Sources
$ A8 7*D $- G-* $ +0 $8
$ ?8 $ $ ??@8 E > < ??'

Compilers
%(( ) $ B(C( +- ( C- "(( C )( # (( #$
%( #* B(C( <D <( <D$ C( (C( $ $ .(%(%(
$-- 7(( : E( F

Reviewers
< 0 $
7 - ! -8 0 (

Population
) G:

,- 9 - 2 ( ,- 9 - $9 * IJ
: * IJ $ / - $* (

- 2 (
7 - 4 - 8 0 8 ?AJ 0 (

E( F ((,(( 7 4 ??;??? - 9 - (
7( $- % ???& - $* *$9 - (
76
Dirstribution in South Asia and Myanmar from literature and recent field studies
Lat.
Asia
BHUTAN

$- 7-
&;H A
INDIA

7 - -$ %
% +
4 + ,
&H &
%
E $ %
H '
+
Assam

%

Long.

?H &A

Notes/Sources

#6

#6
?&H A #6 8

6 ??@
?&H ' 6 ??@

Bihar
$ *

&&H ' AH A
Goa
,
Karnataka
%
7$ :
6-

AH &

AH &;
AH '
H &

AH ? @H
H @AH
F-
Madhya Pradesh
B$-
Maharashtra
$$
*
H A?

&H ;

?H &
H A;

H ' @'H A
Orissa
C -
C
Rajasthan

?H &
&H A

@H A

@H '
@AH
@H ;
@H ;

H &

@&H A
@&H A

&H ;
AH &

6- 0
0
7( $- ???&

( 0 tickelli
F(( $ ?;
6 ??@

6 ??@

6 ??@
6 ??@
6 ??@8
#6
6 ??@
6 ??@8
#6
6 ??@

6 ??@

6 ??@
#6 8
6 ??@
#6 8
6 ??@

6 ??@
6 ??@

Asia
#- *
West Bengal
$ *
6
MYANMAR (NORTHERN)
,-
NEPAL
77$-
SRI LANKA
Anuradhapura Province
%
Central Province
C
C-*-:

Northern Province
$ -
%
%- $-
Lat.
Long.

&;H A
&;H A&

;H '

&H ?

;H &A

@H @
@H
@H A
@H A@

H

@H A
H &

?H &
?H

?@H '?

&H @

H

H
H A
H
H ;

H

H @
H &A

E
,
Southern Province

@H '@

;H

;H &A

H A

@?H A&

H

Uva Province
*

Western Province
7$ :
C-
;H &;

@H ?
;H A

;H A&
;H 'A
H &

H
H ?

@?H A&
@?H A?
Notes/Sources
6 ??@

6 ??@
6 ??@

6 ??@

6 ??@

#6

6 ??@
6 ??@
6 ??@
6 ??@

6 ??@

6 ??@
6 ??@8
#6

6 ??@

6 ??@

6 ??@8
#6
6 ??@

6 ??@
6 ??@

6 ??@
6 ??@
77
Hipposideros armiger (Hodgson, 1835)

Rhinolophus armiger 6 'A

) 6 40

! 6

6* , 0 (

# $ 9 40 0 $-( &A(
Distribution
)* + # ,

-$ %
+ % , - ,$ G $ E
#

,
# $

./ 0 1- 2 & 3 (

% 0 1- 2 & 3 (

4 5-*- ' 5 :( , * 0 (

6* - 7 3- - $*
- *
9 0

7 - ! - 0 8 * 9 0 (
Threats
$ $ / 6* 0
- *
9( $ 0- $ - : - 9 *
$9 * $ (

LEAST CONCERN
Ver. 3.1:

National Status:
+ 4
# 4

Uncertainty
% * 9 0 $ - 0 0
* (

Other status
< 4 0 $
& # .9-
, $ %
)* 4: <
+. #

+ ,$ E 0 - E
Recommendations
< $ - 9

, ,
Sources
> 6 ??@8 6 'A
Compilers
( , C(<( $ (C( $ $ F(( $ ( (
9-- (
Reviewers
< 0 $
7 - ! - 0 8 * 9 0 (

Population
) ;

,- 9 - 2 (- IJ $
( IJ $ 0-- (

7 - ! - 0 8 0 (

C(,( : , &&
( , ??&
(B( B( ,-- ??'
%( $*$ ,$ &
78

Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
Lat.
Asia
Asia
INDIA

-
Assam

# *
&@H
<D
&;H ' ?&H > 6 ??@
$
&@H
Manipur

&@H

* 0
MYANMAR (NORTHERN)
, ?'
$ 6
&'H
F( ( $ ???
)
&&H '
Meghalaya

6 -
&;H &
$ -D
&AH ; ?H & > 6 ??@
C--
&AH &&
7-
&AH '& ?H > 6 ??@
C

) $
&AH '& ?H A & 9
70
%( $*$ &
, !
&&H '
B $
&AH &; ?'H & 9
,

70
%( $*$ &
C$ $

& 9
--
&&H '
70
$

%( $*$ &
C$
&AH ' ?&H > 6 ??@
NEPAL

4
&AH ?H A > 6 ??@
$
&H
$-
&AH ' ?&H & > 6 ??@

&@H A
$
&AH ' ?H A' > 6 ??@
-=
&@H &
Sikkim

7 C$

6 )$

, 0
)

( , ??&
)9
&@H '
<
&@H @ H A > 6 ??@
6$ *

Uttar Pradesh

C$- "
&@H &
:
&?H A @?H ; > 6 ??@
-

C
&?H '; @?H > 6 ??@
$

,-
'H &; @H 9 0
#-
&@H ''
> 6 ??@
*$
&@H
West Bengal

D
&H ?
)

> 6 ??@
)$
&;H A? H @ > 6 ??@
4$-
&@H & H ? > 6 ??@
,$ E 0

> 6 ??@
Long.
Notes/Sources
H &A
H &
H &

?H A
?@H &
?AH A&
?AH ?

> 6 ??@

> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@

> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
9
,
: &
> 6 ??@
9
,
: &
> 6 ??@
9
: &

> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
?@H &;

?@H &&

H '@
H &?
AH '

AH &

AH &

@H @
AH A
'H &
79

Hipposideros amboiensis @
Hipposideros atratus C A
Hipposideros nicobarulae , ?&

$ Dwiwarna pathra nas wawalu8 . $
- 40 7- 40 8

! 6

6* (

6* <- 9 $- : * (

# $ ?(
Distribution
)* 4 + E( , $ -$ $ +
#: )- %-

-$ %
+ % > # * + C C ,$ $
,$ $ ,$ 1 #-
4 . 9 , 9 # $ 9
# $ E 9 * -: 9 E 9

./ 0 1- 2 & 3 (

./ 0 1- 2 & 3 (

4 5-*- ,( --(

6* - ** * $ * - $- $*
* *- (

7 - ! - 0 8 * 9 0 (

Ver. 3.1:
LEAST CONCERN

National Status:
+ 4
4 4

Uncertainty
% * 9 0 $ - 0 0
* (

Other status
< 4 0 $
& # .9-
, $ %
)* 4: <
+. #

#
Recommendations
< $ $

, ,
Sources
> 6 ??@8 8 E > < ??'8

Compilers
%(( ) $ B(C( +- ( C- "(( C )( # (( #$
%( #* B(C( <D <( <D$ C( .(%(%( $-- 7((
: E( F
Reviewers
< 0 $
Threats
$ $ / 6- 0 $- - *
7 - ! -8 0 (
Population
) ;

,- 9 - 2

- - *(
7 - + 0 8 0 (

E( F > ((,(( 7 -- %- - C- - <$- 4 ??;& - 9(
7(( : 7 B(C( +- (( #$ B( $ $ 9 C $- #- ???
( C- )( , -$- ,- ???(
( C- G <-* +- #- ??&(
B( " $ -$- %* 8 C- --$- C :8 $ - 7 < 8 E $
-9 B- & :
%( ,$9 C ?A??&
80

Distribution in
Lat.
South Asia
INDIA

Andaman & Nicobar islands
4 # * +
@H
# * +
#- # * @H A?
+
*
@H
# * +
+
H
# * +
# *
?H &
# * +
Karnataka

7$ :
AH '
6-$
'H ?
4 --
K$ $
AH
'H
Kerala
. -
$ -

H

9 -
Madhya Pradesh
)-: $
Maharashtra
, $:
#
Meghalaya
$ -D
H

&'H ?

?H

&AH ;
Orissa
C
Tamil Nadu
$ $9

?H A&

H
-*-
+-
?H

C $-
H
C- --$-
C- -*
,

'H A
Long.
Notes/Sources

?'H 0 nicobarulae
> 6 ??@
?'H && > 6 ??@
Distribution in
South Asia
,-
Lat.
?H AA

H
-$-
$
&H ;
?'H A > 6 ??@

?'H & > 6 ??@
?&H ; > 6 ??@

@AH > 6 ??@
@H @ cineraceus $ >
B* ??
> 6 ??@
@;H A > 6 ??@
@H &' ( ??'(
> 6 ??@ 0 H.
cineraceus * $ > B* ??
- - + H.
ater $ *- 0 H.
cineraceus $ (

@;H ; > 6 ??@

6: $ : 0 :
* 9(
6- 0 (
%( ,$9 ?A??&
> 6 ??@
@;H A@ > 6 ??@

@?H A > 6 ??@

> 6 ??@
@@H & > 6 ??@

?H & -*0- C- - ?;
> 6 ??@

;H & > 6 ??@

@H & -- *-
6- 0
7(( : 7 B(C( +-
(( #$ B( $ ???
@@H ? > 6 ??@

G- *-
C( $ G
<-* ??&
@@H & 7(( : 7 B(C( +-
(( #$ B( $ ???
-- *-
6- 0

C : B(
" $ & :

> 6 ??@
H > 6 ??@
-9 B-
SRI LANKA
Eastern Province

H '
" $
Matara Province
<$-
@H A


%- $-
H &
C-9
@H A
C
@H @
,$-: @H ;

@H A
<
@H '
C-
';H @
--
-
;H '
Western Province
%
;H &?
*
;H AA
7$ :
C-
,-
#*
;H A&
;H 'A
;H '&
@H '
Long.
Notes/Sources
@H @ -- *-

-9
$ C( , -$- )
???
@@H & -- *-
6- 0
7(( : 7 B(C( +-
(( #$ B( $ ???8
7 < $ -
B( " $ &
:

%* $- %* B(
" $ & :
@H '; cineraceus ,#6
> 6 ??@

E $ B( " $ &
:

H ' fulvus E -$
?A
> 6 ??@
H '& > 6 ??@

*$ -
-- *- 9
F > 7 ??;&

H &A fulvus E -$
?A
*$ -
-- *- 9
F > 7 ??;&(
> 6 ??@
H '& > 6 ??@
H > 6 ??@
H > 6 ??@
H > 6 ??@
H > 6 ??@

;H A *$ -
-- *- 9
F > 7 ??;&

*$ -
-- *- 9
F > 7 ??;&

H '' > 6 ??@

H ' > 6 ??@
@?H A& 0 ater
> 6 ??@
@?H A& > 6 ??@
@?H A? > 6 ??@
H A > 6 ??@
@?H A > 6 ??@
81

Phyllorhina micropus @&

4 40

! 6

6* + 9 -

6* , 0 (

# $ $:( ;&@@(

Distribution
)* " D 8 ** $
$ + # ,

-$ %
+ % -$ $ % ,$ $ ,$
G $ E
#
-D*

,
# $

./ 0 1- 2 & 3 ( +0 * -

% 0 1- 2 & 3 ( . * ;
0 0 -(

4 5-*- ; 5 :( --(

6* - 7 - $* ( $
3- - $* (

7 - 4 - 8 +0 (
Threats
$ $ / 6- 0 5 -
7 - ! -8 0 (
Population
) # :

,- 9 - # :

- # :

Ver. 3.1:
NEAR THREATENED

%$-$ 0 * *- $ 6 $
R $* $ 0 - - 0 $-
9 ( 7- - 0 $* $
- (

National Status:
+ # $
# # $
7 70

Uncertainty
% * 9 0 $ - 0 0
* (

Other status
< 4 0 $
& # .9-
, $ %
)* 4: <
+. #

#
Recommendations
< $ - 9

, ,
Comments
,( ,- & -$ + * #6
( $ $9 * D Hipposideros ater *
> 6
??@(

Sources
$ A'8 $ > B* ??8 6 $ > $ &8 et
al., ??'8 E > < ??'

Compilers
( , ,( ,- C(<( $ (B( $ $ C(( (
9--

Reviewers
< 0 $

#
82
Distribution in
Lat.
South Asia
INDIA

Arunachal Pradesh

&H
Assam

)$
&;H '
, $
&@H @
Madhya Pradesh

B*-

Meghalaya

$ -D
&AH ;
$-
&AH '
Uttaranchal

7$ 7-
'H ?
,-
# *
'H &;
&@H
Long.

?;H &

?'H A@
?AH

?H &
?&H &

@H '
Notes/Sources

> 6 ??@

> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@

6 $ > $ &

#6
> 6 ??@

amboinensis -
@
> 6 ??@
@H > 6 ??@
H &A #6
Distribution in
South Asia
Lat.

West Bengal

&@H
MYANMAR (NORTHERN)
)
&&H '
, -
&&H
,
&&H AA
# " &@H &

NEPAL

C$- " &@H &
PAKISTAN

Punjab

7 C$ '&H ';
Long.

H '

?@H &
?AH A
?;H &?
?@H A

AH &

@&H A@
Notes/Sources

> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@

> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@

> 6 ??@

( 0 cineraceus
> 6 ??@
83

Rhinolophus diadema .( )00 '
Phyllorhina nicobarensis 7* @

7 40

! 6

6* + 9 -(

6* 9 $ (

# $ #- 9 9 $: 9(

Distribution
)* + - " $ -$ $ ,
+ #: )- % $( +( %-
$

-$ %
+ % > # * +

./ 0 1- I 3 ( +0 * - (

% 0 1- I 3 (

4 5-*-

6* - # :
7 - 4 - 8 0 (
Threats
$ $ / * $ - 0 $* $-
0 0(

7 - + 0 8 0 (
Population
) # :

,- 9 - # :

- # :

Ver. 3.1:
VULNERABLE

D2

%$-$ $ - : $ /
$ : *- $ - = ( 1 : 0
$ # * (

??@ (%(,((
" ( &('
# .9-

National Status:
+ "- * 7&

Uncertainty
% * 0 - $ - 0 0
* (

Other status
< 4 0 $
& # .9-
, $ %
)* 4: <
+. #

#
Recommendations
< $ - 9 / $8 0 $
- (

, 6*

9 * $ 3- : (
Comments
$ -*
M nicobarensis - 3- $ # * +( +
$ = * 9 = 9 H. ater - (
$ - :0 -*
0 0- $ $ * 9 - (

Sources
> 6 ??@8 7* @8 )00 '8 E > <
??'

Compilers
(B(B( %(( ) $ B(C( +- ( C- "(( C 7(
C (( #$ %( #* B(C( <D <( <D$ C(
.(%( %( $-- 7( ( : E( F
Reviewers
< 0 $

#


Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
Asia
INDIA


- # * +
H @ ?'H '@ > 6 ??@
84
VULNERABLE in South Asia
Hipposideros durgadasi (Khajuria, 1970)

Hipposideros cineraceus durgadasi C$D- ?@

C$D- N 40

! 6

6* + 9 -
* - (

6* 9 - 0 (

# $ 9: &(
Distribution
)* . +

-$ %
+ ,$ $

./ 0 1- A 3 (

% 0 1- A 3 ( %- 0 -
$ 0 - $ A 3 (

4 5-*- & 5 ( -- $
*(

6* - 6* $ :(

7 - 4 - 8 0 -8 0 (
Threats
$ $ / 6* ** $

7 - ! - 0 8 0 (
Population
) A@

,- 9 - I &

- # :
7 - 4 - 8
ENDANGERED

Ver. 3.1:
ENDANGERED
: 0 : $ ** $ 0

- $- $* $ $ $ 0 . $
* $ $ - 0 "- *
7&
$ 9 (

??@ (%(,((
" ( &(' "- * S& 7&

Uncertainty
% * 9 0 $ - 0
0 * (

Other status
< 4 0 $
& "- * S& 7&
, $ %
)* "- * S& 7&
+. #

#

Recommendations
< $ - 9 $ / $ 0 $
* 6"%

, 6* -* :
9 * 5 - 9 9 0 9
-

9 * $ 3- : (
Comments
$ : $ / *- ( + :-
$ $ $ *- $ - :(
0- $ / 9- 3- ( 9- -
* C$D- ?@ ? ?& 0 C <$$ B*-
$ 0 H. durgadasi( - -* *
C$D- N ( "- * : $ 9 -
0 $* (
> ) * ??;(
0 9 * $ 0 : A 3 ( + -
* $ 3 ( 9 $ - 0 $ : (
Sources
> 6 ??@8 > ) * ??;8 C$D- ?@8
E > < ??'
Compilers
( , ,( ,- (C( $ $ C(( ( 9--
Reviewers
< 0 $

#

Distribution in South Asia Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
INDIA

Madhya Pradesh

C
&'H &; @?H A& ( 0 durgadasi
C$D- ?@ &

> 6 ??@
< $$
&'H @?H A? > 6 ??@
85

Hipposideros murinus ) '

Phyllorhina aurita A?
Phyllorhina atra ! = @
Rhinolophus fulgens Elliot, 1839
Hipposideros fulvus pallidus % ?

!-9- 40

! 6

6*
/ 9 -

6* -* 9 : - 0 $- $ -*(

# $ 95 : (
Distribution
)* " -$ 4 %0$ +

-$ %
+ $ )-D C C ,$ $ ,$ $
1 -D* <D$ #- G $ % >
# * +
#
-$ -D*
4 , # $ E 9 * -: 9
-$ 9

%0$

./ 0 1- 2 & 3 (

% 0 1- 2 & 3 (

4 5-*- , 5 :( -- / 0
# * + - (

6* - # $ $* (

7 - ! - - --8 * 9 (
Threats
$ $ / 6- 0 5 -
3- 0- 0 9 %D . 9(
$ - 3- 9 * :$ $ 9
9 *( $ 0- $ - : - 9 *
$9 * $ (

Ver. 3.1:
LEAST CONCERN

National Status:
+ 4
# 4
4
4 4

Uncertainty
% * 9 $ - 0 0 * (

Other status
< 4 0 $
& # .9-
, $ %
)* 4: <
+. #

+ $ $ E 0 - ,$ $ (

Recommendations
< $ - 9 $

, , -* :

Comments
$ - * -- / 0 # * +(
7 * 3- $- (
Sources
> 6 ??@8 ) '8 6 $ > $ &8 E >
< ??'

Compilers
(B(B( (,((( 7 "( .9 %( 6- 7(( B$ )(6(
C %( ,$9 )( , -$- C( #$ 6( <$- .(
( $ ,(( $ F(( B( " $ C(7(
F

Reviewers
< 0 $
7 - ! - 0 8 * 9 0

Population
) ;

,- 9 - 2

- - *(

7 - ! - 0 8 0 (

B( " $ > ( B * 9 0 < $ &&& - 9 0 * 0 -9
(<( <$ ,- ???; *$9 -
%( ,$9 $ C ??' - 9
6(<( $ ( 9 C ??
7( B$ %- * 9 . 9 %D$ 9 $ $ 9 ,$ $ &
86
Lat.
Asia
AFGHANISTAN

B*
'H &;
INDIA

# * +

@H &A

Bihar
$ *
7 *$
)
) $
6= * ,-
Gujarat
$-D
$

AH A
AH A
AH
;H &
AH &'

;?H A
@&H A

&&H '
&;H
&H
&H
&H

&'H &
&&H &A
Long.
B-$
&H ' @H &
C$
-
<D

Karnataka

7$ :
)
6-$
6:
$ $
" D
Kerala
. --
Madhya Pradesh
)-: $
6$*
B*-
&H @
&H &
&&H
&'H ;
&H
&H

H '
AH '
AH &;
'H ?
H ?
'H
AH &

H

&'H ?

&'H
@H '&
@&H &?
@H A;
@H @
@H
@H '?

@?H ;
@AH
@AH &
@H @
@H &@
@H &'
@;H &

@;H ;

@?H A

@?H A?
$
$-
Maharashtra
%D$ 9
%- * 9
&AH
&&H '

?H A&
@;H &
@H

@AH &&

$D
$ $ 9
?H @&H A
H & @'H '

$
.$
. 9
49
,$*$:
, $:
,-*
#-
#
#
$
<
&H &?
H A

H A
@H A;

H A;
&H
?H
&H
@H A;
@H
@@H &
@&H A

@'H &@
@'H &

@&H A
@?H &
@@H &
@'H A&
@'H ?
@'H &
Notes/Sources

> 6 ??@

, * 0 * H. fulvus
P6 ?;@Q
> 6 ??@

> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@

> 6 ??@
# H. bicolor
?;&*
> 6 ??@
( 0 6( pallidus
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@

> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@

> 6 ??@

> 6 ??@
6 $ > $ &
> 6 ??@
6 $ > $ &
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@

7(( B$ &
7 9 0
0 9 0 -
7(( B$ &
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
6- 0
- $ *- 0
-
7( ( B$ &
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
7( B$ &
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
# H. bicolor
Asia
Lat.
Long.
$ -
" $ 4
Orissa
$-*:
7$-
6
G
Punjab
6
@H '
H A;

&H '
?H A
&H &
&H ;

&?H
@'H 'A
@&H A

AH A
AH ;
'H '
H '&

@AH A
Rajasthan
%D
$ -
-
7- -
B -
B$
B$:
B$-
Tamil Nadu
C C- C-

&;H &?
&@H
&AH &
&'H A'
&;H A'
&H 'A
&H '&
&;H

?H A&

@H
@@H &
@AH &
@'H
@AH A
@;H &
@;H &
@'H

@H ?
Uttar Pradesh

"
&AH &
NEPAL

C$- "
&@H &
PAKISTAN

Baluchistan

6$*
&;H
D-
&;H A;
Punjab

$
''H
<:
''H ';
Sind

)$
&H
)$
&AH ;
$-D:
&H ';
--
&@H &
$
&H A
SRI LANKA

C-
';H @

'H

AH &

;'H AA
;H ;

@'H
@'H '

;@H ';
;@H
;H A
;H A&
;@H A;

;H A
<-

E9-
Southern Province
%- $-
;H &A H

H & H &A
6*
,
;H @ H @

Notes/Sources
?;&*
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@

> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@

E 0 H. cineraceus
3 ?;
> 6 ??@

> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@

# H. bicolor G
?
> 6 ??@

> 6 ??@

> 6 ??@

> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@

> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@

> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@

9 -* 8 # $
-* $
:
F > 7 ??;

9 -* 8 # $
-* $
:
F > 7 ??;
> 6 ??@

9 -* 8 # $
-* $
:
F > 7 ??;
> 6 ??@
F > 7 ??;
87

Phyllorhina brachyota 7* @

Cantora Patanak Chamchika8 . $ N
40

! 6

6* + 9 - 9 $ * (

6* 9 9 0 *- (

# $ *- 0 ( G (

Ver. 3.1:
NEAR THREATENED

$ *- 0: = 0 $ $
$-$ * # $ -$ % :$
"- * 4 - (

National Status
$ # $
+ # $
4 "- *

Distribution
)* $ + 4 -$ % B9 (

-$ %
$
+ $ )-D C ,$ $ ,$ $
4 9 # $: 9 <- 9
* -: 9 -$ 9 G9 9 E
9

./ 0 1- 2 & 3 (

% 0 1- 2 & 3 (

4 5-*- 2& 5 :( ! (

6* - # $ $* (

7 - ! - 4 - 8 * 9 0 (
Threats
$ $ / ./ $- 0 4
$- 0 $*

7 - ! -8 0 (
Population
) ;

,- 9 - I

- # :(
7 - ! -8 * 9(

Uncertainty
% * 9 $ - 0 0 * (

Other status
< 4 0 $
& # .9-
, $ %
)* 4: <
+. #

+ ,$ < 9 9 # ,$ $ 8 C$
# ,$ $

Recommendations
< $ - 9 0 $ *

, , -* :

Comments
< $ 4 "- * - -
0 0: 9 -( % 0 1- * $
$ S - 4( :
+ 4( - -* * $ -*
*- = 0 $ + 4( $
$ ( 4 * A -(
Sources
> 6 ??@8 ;8 7* @8 6 $ >
$ &8 C$ &8 $ ???8 E > < ??'

Compilers
(,((( 7 "( .9 %( 6- 7(( B$ )(6( C %(
,$9 )( , -$- C( #$ .( ( $ ,((
$ F(( 6( <$- " $ C(7( F

Reviewers
< 0 $

E( F > ((,(( 7 )-: -$ $ % C- E$- 4*- C -
* C 4 ??; . * 0 4 *(
,(( $ ,$ < 9 ??&?; - 9
88

Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
Asia
BANGLADESH

E *-

C$ &
INDIA

Bihar

&H AH 6 ??@
Gujarat

7
&H ' @&H A 6 ??@
-
&H & @&H &? 6 ??@
Madhya Pradesh

):
&'H ? @?H A& 6 ??@
B*-

6 $ > $ &
C$ #

6 $ > $ &
Karnataka

AH A @AH A 6 ??@
6:
&H AA ?AH 6 ??@
Maharashtra

%D
&H ' @AH 6 ??@
9
H A @'H ' 6 ??@
$
&H &? @@H & 6 ??@
.
&H @AH A 6 ??@
C$
?H ' @&H A? 6 ??@
,-*
H A; @&H A 6 ??@
SRI LANKA

Central Province

Lat.
Asia
)-:
@H '&
Northwestern Province
C 1
H &
C-
';H @
4*-
;H AA

;H '?
C -
@H
C

H

H
;H A

H
H &
H &&

<-
Southern Province
*
Uva Province

E$-
Western Province
%
-$ $
C-

;H

;H A
;H A

;H &?
;H '?
;H 'A

H &

H ?
H A

H '
H '
@?H A?
Long.
Notes/Sources
6 ??@

6 ??@
6 ??@

6 ??@
6 ??@
6 ??@
0 9
- 0 0
6- 0
F > 7 &
0 9
- 0 0
6- 0
F > 7 &

6 ??@

6 ??@
6 ??@

6 ??@
6 ??@
6 ??@
89

ENDANGERED
C 40

! 6

6* + 9 - 9:

6* 7 E(

# $ -* 9:

Ver. 3.1:
ENDANGERED B1ab(ii,iii) + 2ab(ii,iii)

$ $ *- 0- :
- $ 0 $* - 0 (

# .9-
??@ (%(,((
" ( &('

Distribution
)* . +

-$ %
+ C

./ 0 1- A 3 (

% 0 1- A 3 ( . * 0 0
- 0 $ - 9 , C (

4 5-*- & 5 :( ! (

6* - 7 2&J $ ; -
0 9 ( 7 3- 0 $ $*
- P$ et al., ??'Q 0 (

7 - +0 $ 8 * 9 0 (
Threats
$ $ / 6* / $*
0 ( + $ 0 0 9 *
0 $- - ( $ 0- 0 $ $ - :
- 9 * $9 (
7 - +0 0 $ 8 0 (
Population
) 'A

,- 9 - # :

- # :
7 - + 0 8 0
Uncertainty
% * 9 0 $ - 0 0
* (

Other status
< 4 0 $
& "- * S& 7&
, $ %
)* "- * S&8 7&
+. #

#
Recommendations
< $ - 9 - $ / $ 0
$ $

, 6* -* :
Comments
< * $ 3- - 0:-
- *- - - $
- 9 9( $ 0- C C + (
$ $ * 9 $ 0 $
( + 0 $ 9 - * 0 ( C: 0
: 6-$ $ $ C ( -
/ 0 $ - -:
( C *
- & - 0 ,
#6 4( 9-- $ *
9 C 0 3- $ 0 $* *
0 * 9 ( C , * &A $ -
0 $ ** - *: $ : *
- $ .11 * &A $ ( $ /
* * : $ *- $
$ 8 $ 0- + * * C > $
??( E > <

??& H. hylophyllus H. hypophyllus
0- $
K( $ - * 0
- $ -* 0 9 -(
Sources
> 6 ??@8 C > $ ??8 et al., ??'8
E > < ??'

Compilers
,(%( % B(C( +- "(( C ( , (( #$ %( #* ,(
9 F(( $ ( 9--

Reviewers
< 0 $

et al., $ $ + ??' 0 9- $ - Hipposideros - Cytobios( @A ( ?A@
Distributionin South Asia from recent field sighting

INDIA
Karnataka
6-$
90
Lat.

'H ?
Long.
Notes/Sources

@H @ 9
et al( ??'
??@(

$ $
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
'H @H &' -* 9(
/ : $ $ $
0 Hipposideros.
, et al(
??' ??@(

Hipposideros indus % ?

Hipposideros indus mixtus % ?
Hipposideros indus unitus % ?
Hipposideros schistaceus % ?

Guhabashi Patanak Chamchika8 $
Kelaarta Pathra-nas Wavula8 . $ C N 40 4
40 (

! 6

6* - 9 -

6* 9 - (

# $ 9 0 # 0
* 0 ( G (
Distribution
)* $ + 4

-$ %
$ - *
+ %$ $ C ,$ $ ,$ $
,$ 1 <D$ E
4 - 9 9 . 9
* -: 9 -$ 9 E 9

./ 0 1- 2 & 3 (

% 0 1- 2 & 3 (

4 5-*- , 5 ( ! (

6* - 6* - *( 7 3- -
0
7 - ! -8 * 98 ?AJ 0 (
Threats
$ $ / 6* 0 $- $-
0 ( $ 0- 0 $ $ - : -
9 * $ (

7 - ! -8 * 9 0 (
Population
) A@

,- 9 - 2 ( ,- 9 - $ 0--
* I&J(

- IJ $ A ( IJ
$ 0-- (
7 - ! -8 * 9 0
LEAST CONCERN

Ver. 3.1:
LEAST CONCERN

National Status:
$ 4
+ 4
4 4

Uncertainty
% * 9 0 $ - 0 0
* (

Other status
< 4 0 $
& # .9-
, $ %
)* 4: <
+. #

+ # D- < 9 %$ $8 C$
# ,$ $

Recommendations
< $ - 9 $ $- 0 $ 0 $
(

, , -* :

Comments
Hipposideros schistaceus *
-$ P > 6 ??@ E(E(%( $ ?Q( H.l.
indus 9 -* + ( + $ 4
- ( + : 0- with H. speoris, Rhinolophus rouxii, H.
fulvus, H. galeritus, Miniopterus schreibersii, Rousettus leishenaulti
4 PF > 7 Q H. armiger, Miniopterus schreibersii,
Rousettus leishenaulti, Myotis blythii, Rhinolophus pearsonii, Ia io +
P$*$Q( + ,- 0 9 - 0 $ ?@
: * Rousettes leschenaulti ?? PQ( Eonycteris,
Megaderma lyra, Taphozous melanopogon PE( F ((,(( 7
%( $*$Q( + ?@ $ : - 0 H. lankadiva
: 0- * * Rousettes ( + 4 'A *
: - 0 9 - PF > 7 Q( + ,$ $
*- ; 9 - P*$Q( $ -
0 ; *$ 4 ,$ + 0 &
- - 9 - 9 9 ( $
$- / 9 * 4 ,$(
6:9 ( E $ 0 4
-$ + ( E $ 0 4 # $
+ (

Sources
% ?8 > 6 ??@8 $ 9 ??8
$ ?8 6 $ > $ &8 C$ &8 $ ?8
> ?8 E > < ??'
Compilers
(B(B( ((,(( 7 ( C- )( # <( <D$ .(%(%(
$-- %( $*$ E( F
Reviewers
< 0 $
91

,( ,- ,$ $ ??& ,$ $ ??'8
F(( $ ,$ ????8
(( C- * # ??;
E( F > ((,(( 7 * -: C E9-F 6 -$$ > < E9- - ??A&
. *- 0 *(
%( $*$ $ > $* .( C$ $ C$- B $ &&& . -(
(B(B( ,- ??&(
6(<( $ ( 9 > C(( C$ 7$ C C + ? ??' ??@( < 0 * C- 0
9 C + : $ (

Distribution in South Asia based on literature and recent field studies
Asia
BANGLADESH
- *
INDIA
Andhra Pradesh
C-
Karnataka
)
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources

AH A

H &

@H

@H &
C$
C
'H ? @H
,-
:
" D
H &; @H &?

AH &A @H &&
AH & @;H &
F-
H A? @H ;
Madhya Pradesh
$ $$
$
)
6$*
,
C$ #
,-

&'H

&&H &&
$-
Maharashtra
$ - #-
&&H ' @H

?H AA @?H &
$:
@H @'H '
Meghalaya
$ ) $

&AH '& @AH @
C$- B $
<$
$ > $* .
C$ $

C$ &

> 6 ??@

( 0 indus
> 6 ??@
6- 0
??'
0 mixtus
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
( 0 schistaceus
> 6 ??@
6- 0
$ > 9 ?'

> 6 ??@
6 $ > $ &
> 6 ??@
6 $ > $ &
6 $ > $ &
6 $ > $ &
( 0 unitus
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@

1 -- -
> 6 ??@
1
,D ,- ??'
> 6 ??@

9
%( $*$ &&&
9
%( $*$ &&&
> 6 ??@
9(
6- - *( 6-
0 (
+ , & 0- '
* #9* &
* : 0-
7* & $ :
92

@?H A?

@AH &
Asia
D- 9
Orissa
C$
Rajasthan
$ *$
West Bengal
7 D
C$-
SRI LANKA
Badulla Province
E9-
Lat.
Long.
*(
%( $*$ &&&
&AH '& @AH @ 9
%( $*$ &&&
> 6 ??@

&H & AH A > 6 ??@

&;H ? @'H > 6 ??@
&@H &
&;H '

H &
H A

Central Province
)$
C

@H @ H
C-*-:
C -
4*-
,
Eastern Province
+
6 -$$
@H
@H
;H AA
@H &

@H ;
@H A@
H A
H &&
H
H @

H '

H ;
<
@H &
H &'

@H A@

H A
E9-
;H &A H
Southern Province
F

;H && H '
Western Province
*

;H AA @?H A&
Notes/Sources
> 6 ??@

> 6 ??@

9
F > 7 ??A???

> 6 ??@
0 lankadiva
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@

> 6 ??@

9
F > 7 ??A???
9 PF > 7 ??A
???Q(

,
6- 0 0
F > 7 ??A???
9
F > 7 ??A???

9
F > 7 ??A???

9
F > 7 ??A???

Rhinolophus larvatus 6 0 &'

Hipposideros larvatus grandis % ?';
Phyllorhina leptophylla 7* @

Majhari Patanak Chamchika8 . $ 6 0 N
40

! 6

6* 9 / : $ $

6* 7 = 0

# $ 9 *- ( ;(
Distribution
)* $ + $ " , $ ,
+ 4 * (

-$ %
$
+ % -$ $ % ,$

,
# $

./ 0 1- 2 & 3 (

% 0 1- 2 & 3 (

4 5-*- , 5 :( --(

6* - # :
7 - ! -8 * 9
Threats
$ $ / # $ (
7 - ! -8 0 (
Population
) ;

,- 9 - # :

- # :
7 - ! - 0 --8 * 9
0 (

Ver. 3.1:
NEAR THREATENED

+ $ + & 0 I 9 - $
$9 * * 9 $ A ( %$-$ 9 * $ $9
* * 9 9 *- -$ % : $ 0:
-* # $ (

National Status:
$ # $
+ # $

Uncertainty
% * 0 9 - $
- 0 0 * (

Other status
< 4 0 $
& # .9-
, $ %
)* 4: <
+. #

+ 1 #
%(

Recommendations
< $ - 9 / $ 0 $

, , $* -* :

9 * $ 3- : 0 / /(

Comments
+ , $ 9 * : $ 8
: $ $ 0 -$ % ( 6*
3- - 0 $ -0- 0
, 0 -0- ,
0 $ 9( I J $ ( I
J $* $ / -
, ( ,- 9 - + , 2 (
7 , IJ - 9 - $ ( IJ
$ 0-- (
Sources
% ?';8 > 6 ??@8 7* @8 6 0 &&8
C$ &

Compilers
(B(B( ((,(( 7 ( C- )( # <( <D$ .(%(%(
$-- %( $*$ E( F

Reviewers
< 0 $

%( % 1 # % + ?? ) 0 -(
%( $*$ . C$ 6 + & .$ (
C(,( : C , C$ ???& 9 - 9(
93
Distribution in South Asia and Myanmar based on literature and recent field sightings

Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
Asia
Asia
BANGLADESH

MYANMAR
(NORTHERN)
#$ $ - &H A' ?H A C$ &8
$
> 6 ??@
%
-$ $

C$ &
-
$

INDIA

6 -
Arunachal Pradesh

6
7 9

$ 9 ??
C$
Assam

)
&;H ?H ' > 6 ??@
C
C -
&;H &A ?H ' $ 9 ??
1 #

) (
%= % ??
<D
&;H ' ?&H > 6 ??@
C-,-
Meghalaya

, !
$ -D
&AH ; ?H & > 6 ??@
, -
. C$ 6
&AH & ?H AA 9( - (
,
6- - *(
%( $*$ &
$ 9 ??
4
&AH ?H A $ 9 ??
,-
> 6 ??@

#$
&AH ' ?H A' > 6 ??@
--
-
&AH '& ?H $ 9 ??
F
> 6 ??@
94
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
0 grandis
> 6 ??@
-
C(,( : & , $% (
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
9 $ -*
C(,( : &(
4 9(
* $-
- *
C(,( : ???
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
4 9
0
6- - *
: ???
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
&;H & ?AH A&

&;H ?AH A

&;H ';
&&H '
&&H

?AH AA
?@H &;
?AH A

&H A;
&H @
&&H '
&&H A
?AH ;
?H A'
?@H &&
?H ;

Hipposideros gentilis % ?

% N 40

! 6

6* + 9 - : $ $ Hipposideros (

6* 9 -* $* (

# $ 9 9 0 *- ( G &(
Distribution
)* + # $ , $ 4 ,
$

-$ %
$
+ % > # * + %$ $ % -$ $
% C C ,$ # #-
E
#

,
# $

./ 0 1- 2 & 3 (

% 0 1- 2 & 3 (

4 5-*- & 5 ,( --(

6* - 6- 0 #( 7 3- -
$- 0 #(
7 - ! -8 * 9(
Threats
$ $ / 6* 9 / $- 0
0 $- 0 (

7 - ! - 0 8 * 9 0 (
Population
) ;

,- 9 - I &A( ,- 9 - $9 $
$ 0-- (

- # :(

7 - + 0 8 0


Ver. 3.1:
LEAST CONCERN

National Status:
$ 7 70
+ 4
# # $

Uncertainty
% * 9 0 $ - 0 0
* (

Other status
< 4 0 $
& # .9-
, $ %
)* 4: <
+. #

#

Recommendations
< $ - 9 / $ * (

, ,
Comments
9 $ 0 $ :
$ $- * = : $ H. hypophyllus( $ &
( 0 -$ + :
0 as H. pomona, $:9 $ $ 0 $
$ >
C ?? H. hypophyllus( $ *9 $ - 0 $
pomona
( * , ( + -
- $ ( .11 * *- -$ %
, ( - ,
0 - - *
0 0 , $ $ - (

Sources
% ?8 > 6 ??@8 E > < ??'(
Compilers
(B(B( (,((( 7 "( .9 %( 6- 7(( B$ 6(
C %( ,$9 )( , -$- C( #$ .( ,((
$ F(( 6( <$- B( " $ C(7( F
Reviewers
< 0 $

% : % -$ $ % ,$ ??& - 9
C(,( : (B(B(
??? $ <$ C$
& - 9
95
Distribution in South Asia and Myanmar from literature and recent field sightings

Distribution in
Lat.
Long.
South Asia
BANGLADESH

$
&H A' ?H A
INDIA

+
H
Andhra Pradesh

,$
;H &?
Arunachal Pradesh

7

6-

&H ?;H &
Assam

$
&AH ?'H
)$
)-:$
, $
#=
<D
Karnataka
6
&;H '
&;H
&@H @
&;H A
&;H '

&H '
?'H A@
?H A
?AH
?H &
?&H

@AH
Kerala
$ -

H '& @;H
"
Meghalaya
$ -D
7-
4
,: -
Nagaland
,$-
Sikkim
<
H '&

&AH ;
&AH '&
&AH

&;H &

&@H @
@;H

?H &
?H
?H A

?H '

H A
Tamil Nadu
,$9
West Bengal
6

H '?

&;H A&

@H ?

?H
Notes/Sources
Distribution in
South Asia

6 ??@
4D

?'H &
&@H

# *
@?H &A
6 ??@

# *
&@H
6 ??@
$
&@H
6 ??@

&@H
6 ??@

bicolor fulvus K + C- -

&@H
?&;
NEPAL

6 ??@
,$ )-$

6 ??@
$
&H
6 ??@
6 ??@
6 ??@
MYANMAR (NORTHERN)
6 ??@

0 pomona
)
&&H '
6 ??@
6 -
&;H &

6
&H AA
0 $ : $ H.
C$

ater
%( ,$9 ??'
,
&H A@
6 ??@
, -
&&H

,:
&&H A
6 ??@
,-
&H A;
6 ??@
#- 1

6 ??@
F$ C: 4
6 ??@
C:

&H @
6 ??@
-
@H

<$

fulvus E -$
$
?H &
?;*
6 ??@

6 ??@

# fulvus E -$
96
Lat.
Long.
H &
H &A
H &
H '
H &

'H A

?@H &
?AH A&
?AH

?;H
?AH A
?AH &
?AH ;

?H A'
?;H '

?AH

Notes/Sources
?@
6 ??@
0-9- % : (
??&
6 ??@
# fulvus E -$
?;*
6 ??@
6 ??@
6 ??@
fulvus E -$
?@*
6 ??@
6 ??@

6 ??@
G * $ 0 $
-
(C( $ $

C(,( : (B(B( ???
&
6 ??@
6 ??@
6 ??@
C$ ,- : ???
&
6 ??@
6 ??@
6 ??@
6 ??@
9 9
" * 0
C(,( : , $ &
6 ??@
6 ??@
C(,( : ???&
0 gentiles
6 ??@
6 ??@

Vespertilio speoris $
Hipposideros apiculatus ) '
Hipposideros aureus C A&
Hipposideros blythi C A&
Hipposideros penicillatus ) '
Hipposideros speoris pulchellus % ?
Hipposideros templetonii C A
Rhinolophus dukhunensis '
Rhinolophus marsupialis 7 &

, $ Paboli8 . $ $ N 40

! 6

6* + 9 - -
/ (

6* 7 0 9 * *- (

# $ 9 0 -- *- - :
$- $ 9 $
-- $-
,$ $ ( % : $ $- ( G 'A(
Distribution
)* + 4

-$ %
+ %$ $ )-D C C ,$ $ 1
#- G $
4 9 . 9 # $ E 9
# $ 9 # $ 9 * -: 9
-$ 9 -$ 9 , G9 9 E 9

./ 0 1- 2 & 3 (

% 0 1- 2 & 3 (

4 5-*- ,( ! (

6* - # $ $* (
7 - -5 0 - - 8 * 9(
Threats
$ $ / 6* 3- $
9 0 -$ + ( + $- 0 50
9 #-( $ 0- 0 $ $ -
: - 9 * $9 (

7 - ! -8 * 9(
Population
) ;

,- 9 - 2 ( ,- 9 - $9 $
*- * J $ 0-- (

- 2 ( - * ( IJ
$ / - $* (
LEAST CONCERN

Ver. 3.1:
LEAST CONCERN

E *- 9 *(
National Status
+ 4
4 4

Uncertainty
% * 9 $ - 0 0 * (

Other status
< 4 0 $
& # .9-
, $ %
)* 4: <
+. #

+ # D- < 9
%$ $(

Recommendations
< $ - 9 - $ 0 $
$* -

,

9 * $ 3- : (
Comments
Hipposideros pulchellus % $ *
Hipposideros speoris speoris
$ ( + 9
00 * $ - * -
* ( # 9
3- ( # $* D $ ( + 9
#- H. speoris $- 0 0( - 0-
* /$ * :$ P > 6(<( $Q(
-- *- / 0 - 7$ 7-
6 @ ( < - * 00 $
0 -$ + ( 4 - .11 2& %11
/( ( % / @; ( # $*
D $ 4( ./ 9 0 - * :
/ 9 9 *( $ $ -* 0
0 - * PE - FQ( % 9 $ *9
- $ $ ; 9 - $ *9 - ( 4
- $ & @; (

Sources
% ?8 > 6 ??@8 $ > 9 ??8
7 &8 ) '8 6- et al( &8 B#6 8
C A A& A'8 $ 8 > <9 $
&8 '8 E > < ??'

Compilers
%(( ) $ )( , -$- ,( ,- 6( <$- C(<( $ (C(
$ $ C(( B( " $

Reviewers
< 0 $
7 - + 0 8 0 8 0 (

B( " $ -9 ?? - 9 0 *
B( $ -9 ???@8
,( ,- %- * ??&8
)( , -$- 9 ,- ?@@??@8
F(( $ )-D ?@;
,( ,- ,-* - P???'Q < P&Q
( <( <$ 9 ,- ??; *$9 - 9 *:: & 0 6 *
97
C(( > 6(<( $ C!7

C- ! 7 C ???'
( 9-- :$ 0 %$ $ ??A : 7- 0 $ 9 %$ $(
"(( C C(7( F - ??& . - 0- - 9 0 - (
E( F > ((,(( 7 4 ??A??( . 7 *- (

Distribution in
South Asia
INDIA
Andhra Pradesh
$ D-
$
-$
.$ !
C- -
,$
,$9
# 6
#
$
6
<D
$-$
Gujarat

<D$
Karnataka

-
)
)
)
6
6
6-$
6:
C
CD
4 --
,-
,
#
98
Lat.

Long.

Notes/Sources
Distribution in
South Asia
Lat.
Long.

#6
H ' @H A > 6 ??@

;H 'A @?H @ > 6 ??@
'H A @?H #6
> 6 ??@
;H &? @?H &A > 6 ??@
H '? @H ? #6

7 7 -- / 0
- 0 - -
- 0 : - 4 0
$* 8 $* 0 8
9 / 0 -
-
( 9-- ??A
H &@ H > 6 ??@

> 6 ??@
'H A @?H > 6 ??@

#6

> 6 ??@

&&H ? @'H > 6 ??@
&&H ? @'H A > 6 ??@

AH A @AH A > 6 ??@
&H A @@H 'A <( C $
> 6 ??@
AH A @H '; 9
- $- +0
,( ,- ????'
> 6 ??@
AH &; @AH & #6
> 6 ??@
H & @H & 4 0 $*
- -*
C(( > 6(<( $ ??
??'
#6
> 6 ??@
H ' @H & 6- + 0
- A
C(( > 6(<( $ ??
??'
AH & @;H &A > 6 ??@

#6
'H ? @H @ > 6 ??@
H ? @H &@ > 6 ??@
'H ? @H #6
> 6 ??@

-
C(( > 6(<( $ ??
??'
AH @;H A > 6 ??@
H &; @H &? 6- + 0
- A
C(( > 6(<( $ ??
??'
&H @;H '@ > 6 ??@
H & @H '' 6- + 0

<

;H @AH @
@H @'H &
&H &A @;H
9-
&H ; @@H

$ $
" D
'H @H &'

AH & @;H &
Kerala
% *

H A @@H ''
C
C=$

H A @AH A
9
?H @@H
9 -
Maharashtra
% *
%
9
$
$ -$
K
H

H '
@H '
?H
?H A
H '
.$
H A @&H A
.
)$C$
6 $ -$

C$
,- *
&H @AH A

#

$

?H

H '

@@H &

@'H A

$
E
&H @;H
@;H A@

@&H AA
@'H &;
@&H A@
@?H &
@'H A
?H ' @&H A?

Notes/Sources
- A
C(( > 6(<( $ ??
??'
> 6 ??@
#6
#6
> 6 ??@
#6
> 6 ??@
6*
- A
C(( > 6(<( $ ??
??'
> 6 ??@
( 0 pulchellus
#6
> 6 ??@

#6
> 6 ??@
%( #* &
G -
- * 9 - $*

%( ,$9
> 6 ??@

#-
> 6 ??@

> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
6*
K
- -* &A
C(7( F &
9
- 6- + 0
#6
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
6- 0
6- 0
C > F
> 6 ??@
6- 0
- $
7(( B$
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
< $- : $ :
-
( $9 *
&' 9 -
$- 0
- -* &
7(( B$ %-- &
6- 0
- $
7(( B$
> 6 ??@
Distribution in
South Asia
Orissa
$-*$:
,$
Tamil Nadu
$ 9
7$ -
+$ 9
C9 C$
$
C --
Lat.
Long.

&H '
?H

H

AH A
H ?

@H &

> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@

E PIAQ 6-
PA;Q
6- + 0
- AA
B( " $ ??
&H @H @ #6

%* $-
6- + 0
B( " $ ??

> 6 ??@
C C- C-
C- -*
?H A& @H ?

,
,-
'H A H
?H AA @H @
,- -
H
@@H &
,-$9
#
H @@H '

#)1 H @@H &

,

Notes/Sources
?H AA @H &

<D #

$ D-
H ' @H

$ - -$-
$
&H ; @H ';
-9
$
G -
H @&H &

H A @H ;

" -

6- + 0
B( " $ ??
> 6 ??@
#6 8 >
6 ??@
> 6 ??@
9
6- # 6-
+ 0
)( , -$- ?@@'
( <( <$ ??'
> 6 ??@

6- + 0
B( " $ ??
%* $-
6- + 0
B( " $ ??
> 6 ??@
%*
6- + 0
B( " $ ??
> 6 ??@
9
3- 9
: - * $ - *
" 6- (
B( " $ ??
'A 0
%* $-
B( " $ ??
> 6 ??@
%* $-
6- + 0
B( " $ ??
# %*$-

6- + 0
B( " $ ??
> 6 ??@8
#6
( $ > (( #$ &
> 6 ??@

6- + 0
B( " $ ??

Distribution in
South Asia
Uttaranchal
7$ 7-
SRI LANKA
Central Province
)-:
C
,
# 9

Eastern Province

" $
Lat.
Long.

'H ?

@H '&
@H @
@H &
@H &
@H A

H '
@H A

@H '

H
H
H '@
H @
H

H '
H '&
Northern Province
,
H A
Northern Central Province
%- $-
H &

@?H A

H &A
C E:
H H '
-:
@H A; H &
:
H &@ H '@

C 1
H &
C- -
@H &
--


;H '?

@H A@
C

<-

Southern Province
)
;H
6*
;H @

H
H &'

H &
H A

H '
H @
E
;H & H
Uva Province
-
,
E 6-
Western Province
*
C-

;H AA
;H 'A

@?H A&
@?H A?
,-
6
Unknown provinces
--
<
-
;H '&

H A

Notes/Sources
6- + 0
B( " $ ??

> 6 ??@

> 6 ??@
F > 7 ??A???
F > 7 ??A???
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@

> 6 ??@
#6
> 6 ??@

> 6 ??@

F > 7 ??A???
> 6 ??@
F > 7 ??A???
> 6 ??@
F > 7 ??A???
> 6 ??@
F > 7 ??A???
#6
> 6 ??@

> 6 ??@
F > 7 ??A???
F > 7 ??A???

> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
F > 7 ??A???
F > 7 ??A???

F > 7 ??A???
F > 7 ??A???
> 6 ??@
#6
#6
> 6 ??@

F > 7 ??A???
F > 7 ??A???
> 6 ??@

F > 7 ??A???
F > 7 ??A???
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@
> 6 ??@

#6
#6
#6
99
Ia io Thomas, 1902
ENDANGERED in South Asia
Ia longimana ?;&

Parascotomanes beaulieui - ?&

) .9

! "

6* + 9 -(

6* #- 9 -* 0 (

# $ 4 9( ;@(

Distribution
)* + # $ $ 4 " (

-$ %
+ ,$
#

./ 0 1- A 3 (

% 0 1- A 3 (

4 5-*- ' 5 &( ! (

6* - 7 3- - $ (
7 - + 0 8 0
Threats
$ $ / 6* 0 $- 0 (
$ - - (
Population
) # :

,- 9 - I &A( 2J - 9 - $
& ( 2J $ / A (

- 2J - 9 - $ & (
2J $ / A

ENDANGERED

Ver. 3.1:

1 $ -$ % 9 0 -
*- : $ $ -$ % - $
$ (

National Status:
+ .
*
S&*

# .
*
S&*

Uncertainty
% * 9 - $ - 0 0
* (

Other status
< 4 0 $
& 4: < $
, $ %
)* 4: < $
+. #

#

Recommendations
< $ - 9 - 0 $

, ,

9 * $ 3- : (

Comments
0 $ - Ia(
Sources
> 6 ??@8 - ?&8 6- et al( &8 , *- $ et
al( ??&8 ?;&8 $ ?&8 ?@
Compilers
(B(B( ((,(( 7 ( C- # <( <D$ %(
$*$ .(%(%( $-- F(( $ E( F
7 - ! -8 * 9(
Reviewers
< 0 $

F(( $ ,$ ??&(
%( $*$ . C$ 6 ,$ + & .$ -


INDIA
Meghalaya
$ -D
. C$ 6
NEPAL

100
Lat.

&AH ;
&AH &
Long.

?H &
?H AA
Notes/Sources

> 6 ??@
4 9
9 0
6* -
%( $*$ &

&@H A H &? > 6 ??@

Synonyms: Vespertilio hardwickii Horsfield, 1824
Kerivoula crypta Wroughton & Ryley, 1913
Kerivoula depressa Miller, 1906
Kerivoula fusca Dobson, 1871
Kerivoula malpasi Phillips, 1932

Ver. 3.1:
LEAST CONCERN
Widespread distribution and common habitat type suggests that this little
known bat is in reality probably quite common.
Common name: Hardwicke's Forest Bat

National Status
India: Least Concern
Pakistan: Data Deficient
Sri Lanka: Least Concern
Family: Vespertilionidae
Habit: Solitary
Habitat: Found in warm valleys, caves, forest, buildings.
Uncertainty
Assessed based on inference and on the consensus of field biologists.
Niche: Roof; up to 2060m.

Distribution
Global: Sri Lanka, India, Myanmar, Thailand, China to Malaysia,
Indonesia, Philippines
Other status
Red List of Threatened Species (2000): Not Evaluated
Microchiroptera Action Plan (Global): Lower Risk least concern
CITES: Not listed
South Asia:
India: Assam, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Meghalaya, Mizoram,
Nagaland, West Bengal
Pakistan: Punjab
Sri Lanka: Central Province

India: Siju Wildlife Sanctuary (Meghalaya)
Myanmar (Northern)
Management: Monitoring
Extent of Occurrence: > 20,001 sq km.
Comments
Apparent rarity may well reflect the difficulty in collecting specimens rather
than actual situation in nature. The species lives in polluted agricultural
areas. In Sri Lanka it lives in secondary disturbed habitat. The
assessment was based on full range of plausible values and evidence
assuming that habitat change has a negative impact on the species.
Area of Occupancy: > 2,001 sq km.

Locations/subpopulations: > 20 / at least 4. Fragmented.
Recommendations
Research: Survey, life history, basic ecology, toxicological studies
Habitat status: Stable in area. Adapts to secondary or disturbed habitat.

Threats
Threats to the taxon: Pollution, pesticides(?). The influence of the threats
on the population is not well understood.
Population
Generation time: 4-6 years
Sources
Bates & Harrison 1997; Dobson, 1871; Horsfield, 1821-24; Hutson et al.,
2001; Miller, 1906; Phillips, 1932; Wroughton & Ryley. 1913
Compilers
P.J.J. Bates, P.M.C.B. Digana, V. Elangovan, A. Hutson, D.S. Joshi, G.H.
Koli, A. Madhavan, G. Marimuthu, K. Nathar, E. Pandaranayaka, P.
Patiath, M.S. Pradhan, Y.S. Priya, H. Raghuram, J. Vanitharani, K. Yardi
Mature individuals: > 10,000

Population trend: Not known.
Reviewers
Rest of the participants
Data source: Literature; inferred.

Paul Bates in Pallama, Sri Lanka, 1994, survey
P. Sinha, India, 1999, survey
101
Asia
INDIA
Assam
Rajapara
Jammu & Kashmir
Patni Top
Karnataka
Kardibetta
Meghalaya
Garo Hills
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
26 30
92 00
Bates & Harrison, 1997
32 55
75 07
14 08
75 20
25 32
90 15
Konshnong
Siju Wildlife Sanctuary
25 30
25 32
92 01
75 47
Shangpung
Mizoram
Sangao
Nagaland
25 30
92 02
Caves
Y.P. Sinha, 1999
Caves
Y.P. Sinha, 1999
23 30
93 00
102
Lat.
Asia
Chekrima
25 35
Pakubama
West Bengal
Gopaldhara
26 59
Pashok
27 04
Tong Song
27 04
MYANMAR (NORTHERN)
Nam Tamai Valley
27 42
Sumka Uma
25 57
PAKISTAN
Punjab
"on the Indus"
SRI LANKA
Central Province
Kumbalgamuwa
07 08
Pallama
07 32
Pundaluoya
07 01
Long.
Notes/Sources
94 30
-

88 17
88 24
88 24

97 54
97 49

80 50
80 39

Paddy fields and forests P.J.J.
Bates, 1994
80 43
Synonyms: Kerivoula lenis Thomas, 1916
Common names: Bengali: Jhalarjukta Rongila Chamchika; English:

Papillose Bat
Ver. 3.1:
NEAR THREATENED
Restricted to the Sunderbans of India and Bangladesh, this species is

subject to severe habitat threats.
Habit: Lives in pairs.
National Status
Bangladesh: Near Threatened
India: Near Threatened
Habitat: Semi-evergreen forest, Sal forest.

Niche: Internode of dead bamboo. 308-1077m.
Uncertainty
Assessed based on evidence and on the consensus of field biologists.
Distribution
Global: From India to Vietnam, Malaysia and Indonesia.
South Asia:
Bangladesh: Sunderbans
India: West Bengal
Other status
CITES: Not listed
India: Sunderbans NP (West Bengal)
Extent of Occurrence: < 20,000
Recommendations
Research: Survey, ecology
Area of Occupancy: Not known

Locations/subpopulations: Not known
Habitat status: Loss of habitat and change in quality due to deforestation,
human interference
Captive breeding: Techniques not known at all.
Threats
Threats to the taxon: Loss of habitat, human interference, deforestation
Comments
Widespread but very little known species throughout its entire range.
Population
Generation time: Not known
Sources
Bates & Harrison 1997; Hutson et al., 2001; Khan, 2001; Temminck,
1835, 1837, 1840, 1841; Thomas, 1916a;
Mature individuals: Not known

Compilers
P.J.J. Bates, P.C.M.B. Digana, S. Kandula, G. Nair, R. Rajashekar, E.A.A.
Shukkur, A. Thabah, W. Yapa
Population trend: Not known
Reviewers

None
Distribution in South Asia based on field sighting and literature

Lat.
Asia
BANGLADESH
Sunderbans
INDIA
West Bengal
Kolkata
22 35
Long.
Notes/Sources
Khan, 2001
88 21 type locality of lenis

103
Synonyms: Vespertilio kerivoula Cuvier, F., 1832

Vespertilio pictus Pallas, 1767
Vespertilio pictus rubellus Kerr, 1792
Common names: Bengali: Komolabadami Chamchika; English: Painted

Bat
National Status:
Bangladesh: Least Concern
Bhutan: Least Concern
Nepal: Least Concern
Ver. 3.1:
Habit: Solitary or in pairs, insectivores.
Habitat: Plantations, desert, deciduous, broadleaf tropical forest.
Niche: Tall grass, flowers, sugar cane, birds nests, rolled up dry plantain
leaves, among dry leaves. Up to 1200m.
Distribution
Global: Bnagladesh, Sri Lanka, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Vietnam,
Malaysia, China, Malaysia, Indonesia, Molocca Islands.
South Asia:
Bangladesh
India: Assam, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Orissa, Rajasthan, Sikkim,
Tamil Nadu, West Bengal
Nepal
Sri Lanka: Central Province, Anuradhapura, Eastern Province, Southern
Province, Western Province
LEAST CONCERN
Uncertainty
Other status
CITES: Not listed
India: Borivili National Park (Maharashtra), Kawal Wildlife Sanctuary
(Andhra Pradesh), Orang National Park (Assam)
Nepal: Chitwan National Park
Recommendations
Research: Survey studies, life history, limiting factor research, basic
ecological and alternate habitat studies required.
Management: Habitat management, monitoring, public awareness
Comments
Dr. Madhavan has collected 67 specimens till date. Studies required for
threats affecting the species. At least 2 bats per banana plantation
[Madhavan]. It is considered rare because it is difficult to catch in mist
nets [Muni]. Mist net is not an appropriate technique for trapping the
species. Harp net technique can be used as in Australia [Hutson].
Banana traders in Sri Lanka come across this species often [Yapa].
Species is very adaptable to change in habitat. In wild, animals live for 56 years. Life span of microchiropterans in wild is 30 years but most of the
individuals die at around 5-6 years due to predation [Hutson & Mistry].
Most individuals die before reaching senility. Paddy cultivation is replaced
by banana plantations in Tamil Nadu, whereas in Kerala banana
plantations are converted into housing areas. Threats only speculated.
Locations/subpopulations: Many. Fragmented.

Habitat status: No change
Data source: Indirect information; inferred, suspected.
Threats
Threats to the taxon: Change in plantation crops.
Population
Generation time: 4-6 years assuming average age of maturity 1-2 years.
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Cuvier, 1832; Hutson et al., 2001; Kerr, 1792;
Khan, 2001; Pallas, 1767

Data source: Indirect information; inferred; range of opinion
Compilers
P.M.C.B. Digana, V. Elangovan, A. Hutson, D.S. Joshi, G.H. Koli, A.
Madhavan, G. Marimuthu, K. Nathar, H. Raghuram, E. Pandaranayaka, P.
Patiath, M.S. Pradhan, Y.S. Priya, J. Vanitharani, W. Yapa, K.D. Yardi
Reviewers

A. Madhavan, Paralam, Oorakam, Mannuthy, Trichur, India, 1993.
E.A. Jayson, 1994, K.K. Ramachandran & P. Padmanabhan, 1996, Peechi, Kannaram, Trichur, India.
Sreepada, Bansara Plateau, Sagar, Shimoga, Karnataka, India, 1996.
C. Srinivasulu throughout Andhra Pradesh, 1995 onwards.
104
Distribution in South Asia based on literature and recent field sightings

Asia
BANGLADESH
All forests
Dacca
INDIA
Andhra Pradesh
Kawal Wildlife
Sanctuary
Assam
Lakhimpur
Jalpaiguri
Goa
Karnataka
Sagar
Dharwar
Sivasamudrum
Malabar coast
Kerala
Paralam
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
23 42
90 22
Khan, 2001
19 12
79 00
C. Srinivasulu, 1995 onwards
27 20
26 30
-
95 00
88 50
-

16 37
76 45
15 30
12 16
10 00
75 04
77 08
76 15
Banana plantation
K.S. Sreepada, 1996
10 3
76 04
10 32
76 14
Banana plantations. Predators

A. Madhavan, Dec 1993 till
date
Inside dry plantain leaves
Habitat loss, human
interference
A. Madhavan, 1993
Habitat loss, human
interference
A. Madhavan, 1993
Habitat loss, human
interference
Jason, E.A., and
Ramachandran, K.K., 1994
Habitat loss, human
interference
P. Padmanabhan, 1996.
Banana plantations, forests
Oorakam
Mannuthy
Peechi
Kannara
Thrissur
Maharashtra
Dahanu
Asia
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
Ghatmatha
Mumbai
Rajasthan
Alwar
17 43
18 56
73 42
72 51
M. Muni, 1991-1996
27 32
76 35
Jeypore
Sikkim
No exact locality
Tamil Nadu
Madras
High Wavy Mountains
West Bengal
Darjeeling
Kolkata
NEPAL
Pokhra town
18 48
82 41
Baya nests on prosopis

Sharma, 1992
13 05
09 50
80 18
77 26

27 02
22 35
88 20
88 21

28 14
83 58
Deciduous forests
T.K. Shreshta, 2000
06 39
06 48
07 15
06 58
80 42
80 41
80 40
80 36

08 22
08 34
81 00
81 13

08 20
80 25
Banana plantations
Yapa & Digana 1997-2000
06 01
80 13
06 55
06 35
07 08
79 52
79 59
80 04

SRI LANKA
Central Province
Balangoda
Bogawantalawa
Peradeniya
Rozelle
Eastern Province
Kantalai
Trincomalee
Anuradhapura
Southern Province
Galle
Western Province
Colombo
Kalutara
Veyangoda
105
ENDANGERED
Common name: Salim Ali's Fruit Bat
Family: Pteropodidae
Ver. 3.1:
Habit: Frugivorous, colonial, cave dwelling
1997 C.A.M.P. (Ver. 2.3): Endangered
Habitat: Evergreen broadleaf forest, broad-leaved montane forest,

interspersed with coffee / cardamom plantations, cave-dwelling.
Uncertainty
Niche: Caves, tree holes. 800 -1100m.
Other status
Red List of Threatened Species (2000): Critically Endangered B1+2c; D
Old World Fruit Bats Action Plan: Rare: Limited distribution
CITES: Not listed
Distribution
Global: Endemic to South Asia (India).
South Asia:
India: Kerala, Tamil Nadu
ENDANGERED
B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)
B1+2a, C2a

India: Kalakkad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve (Tamil Nadu); Periyar Tiger
Reserve (Kerala)
Extent of Occurrence: 101-5,000 sq km.

Recommendations
Research: Survey, genetic research, life history, ecological studies.
Area of Occupancy: 501-2,000 sq km.

Locations/subpopulations: 2 / not known. Contiguous.
Habitat status: <10% decrease in area in the last 5-10 years due to
plantation activities and forest fragmentation. Decrease in quality due to
plantation activities.
Management: Habitat management, monitoring, public awareness,

captive breeding, species recovery, reintroduction, preservation of live
genome.
Captive breeding: Initiate ex situ program within 3 years. Some
techniques known for similar taxon.
Data source: Field study, literature; observed; 95% confidence.

Threats
Threats to the taxon: Habitat loss, agriculture, farming, horticulture,
extraction, harvesting non-woody vegetation, exploitation, hunting for
medicine and food in High Wavy Mountains, trade, illegal traditional
medicine in High Wavy Mountains for oil to cure asthma, human
interference. The influence on the population is well understood, not
reversible and has not ceased to be a threat.
Trade: Local trade for meat, medicine.
Population
Mature individuals: < 2,500
Population trend: Population likely to decline in the future due to human
interference, habitat loss, scientific collections.
Data source: Field study; observed.
Comments
This is a charismatic species with an international profile it is a high
priority for further research, conservation efforts and public awareness.
The species is found in association with Pteropus giganteus on orchard
trees (A.K. Chakravarthy). Distribution restricted to Highwavy &
Agastyamalai, Tamil Nadu. As no information on subpopulation exists
presently, and the locations from where they have been reported being
close, these two locations belong to the same population. If this is true,
the locations are contiguous. Bats are captured to serve as food &
medicine for local people. However, threats need to be verified.
Male:female ratio is 1:2 at High Wavy Mountain Caves [Koilraj]. P.T.
Nathan esstimated about 50 individuals from a cave in Periyar Tiger
Reserve. Manoi Muni had noticed many bats (about 80-100) fluttering
around in 1993. Koilraj tagged 43 individuals from a cave in High Wavy
Mountains and estimates that population to be about 80-100. Given the
questionable information used in this evaluation,S. Mistry is uncertain of
the final status. A.K. Chakravarthy and Riki Krishnan identified L. salimalii
from Uppinangadi, Mangalore from coastal Karnataka. If the identification
is correct the status might change accordingly. Karnataka population of
the species needs to be verified.
Sources
Bates & Harrison 1997; Bates et al., 1994; Easa et al., 2000; Ghosh et al.,
1999; Krishnan & Chakravarthy, 1998; Mickleburgh et al., 1992;
Simmons, (in prep.); Thonglongya, 1972
Compilers:
S. Mistry, M. Muni, K.R. Senacha, T.K. Shrestha, K.S. Sreepada, C.
Srinivasulu
Reviewers

Agoramoorthy et al. 1996-2000. High Wavy Mountains
Manoj Muni & Nikky Thomas. 1993. High Wavy Mountains
Koil Raj, KMTR, 1999.
Padmanabhan, Periyar Tiger Reserve, 1996
106

Asia
INDIA
Karnataka
Uppinangadi,
Mangalore?
Kerala
Periyar Tiger Reserve
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
12 24
74 51 A.K. Chakravarthy, 1998
Tamil Nadu
Kalakkad-Mundanthurai
Tiger Reserve
Kardana Coffee Estate
09 50
Megamalai, High Wavy

Mountain
Tropical evergreen forest and

teak plantation.
Recorded by P. Padmanabhan,
1996. KFRI, 2000 survey of
small mammals
Human interference
John Koilraj, 1999
Ghosh et al., 1999
77 27 In the High Wavy Mountains
(type locality)
Evergreen broadleaved forest
Plantation activities
recorded by G. Agoramoorty,
1996-2001
Bats collected for asthma
treatment, Bates & Harrison,
1997
Recorded by M. Muni, 1993.
107
Synonyms: Macroglossus minimus sobrinus K. Andersen, 1911
Common name: Hill Long-tongued Fruit Bat
Ver. 3.1:
Low-density bat. Bamboo harvest in the northeast and illegal

encroachment and felling could threaten the habitat os the species.
NEAR THREATENED
Habit: Nectarivore, frugivore.

1997 C.A.M.P. (Ver. 2.3): Data Deficient
Habitat: Evergreen, montane and lowland forest, swamps, mangrove.
Uncertainty
Niche: Palm trees; branches. Up to 2000m.

Distribution
Global: India, Myanmar, Thailand to Sumatra, Nias island, Kraktatoa
Island, Java and the Islands of Sipora, Sibnerut and Mentawei
South Asia:
India: Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Mizoram
Other status
Old World Fruit Bats Action Plan (Global): Not threatened
CITES: Not listed
India: Namdapha Wildlife Sanctuary (Arunachal Pradesh)
Myanmar (Northern)
Recommendations
Research: Survey, life history, ecology.
Management: Habitat management, monitoring.
Habitat status: Habitat loss due to harvest, deforestation and human

interference.
Threats
Threats to the taxon: Habitat loss, harvest of bamboo for commercial
purposes
Comments
Very common in forests of Southeast Asia, so may be more abundant
than we think [Paul Bates]. Last described in 1995 by Das in Meghalaya.
Population numbers may be < 10,000 because of its distribution and
habitat status. This species tends to be in low density. Although limited
number of localities, at least one falls within a protected area. ZSI,
Kolkata has recorded the species recently. No change in habitat in
Myanmar (K.M. Swe).
Population
Sources
Andersen, 1911; Bates & Harrison 1997; Mickleburgh et al., 1992
Mature individuals: < 10,000. Low density species.
Compilers
P.J.J. Bates, P.C.M.B. Digana, S. Kandula, G. Nair, E.A.A. Shukkur, A.
Thabah, R. Rajashekar, W. Yapa
Data source: Literature; inferred
Reviewers
Data source: Indirect information; estimated

Sinha, Chintuipui District, Mizoram, India, 1993, ZSI survey.
Lat.
Asia
INDIA
Arunachal Pradesh
Miao
Namdapha
27 39
Meghalaya
Umkiang
Mizoram
Chirtuipui District
108
Long.
96 30
-
Notes/Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997.

Das, 1995 in Bates & Harrison,
1997.
Bamboo forests. No threats
Sinha, 1993
Lat.
Asia
Sangao
23 3
Sikkim
No exact locality
Tripura
No exact locality
West Bengal
Darjeeling
27 02
MYANMAR (NORTHERN)
Taho
19 30
Biapo
-
Long.
Notes/Sources
93 00
88 20
97 12
-


Synonyms: Eucheira lyra caurina Anderson & Wroughton, 1907
Megaderma schistacea Hodgson, 1847
Megaderma spectrum Wagner, 1844
Vespertilio (Megaderma) carnatica Elliot, 1839
Common names: Bengali: Daini Badur; Sinhalese: Indianu Borule
Wavula; Tamil: Muyalkadu vaval; English: Greater False Vampire Bat,
Indian False Vampire
Family: Megadermatidae
Habit: Colonial

Ver. 3.1:
LEAST CONCERN
National Status:
Pakistan: Least Concern
Uncertainty
Habitat: Widely distributed, many biotypes

Niche: Old building, caves, temples, tunnels, attics, stone mines, cow
sheds, grain godowns - up to 923m.
Distribution
Global: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, China, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka and
Malaysia.
South Asia:
Bangladesh
India: Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh,
Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala,
Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Orissa, Rajasthan, Tamil
Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal
Nepal
Pakistan: Baluchistan, Punjab, Sind
Sri Lanka: Northern Province, Central Province, Western Province,
Southern Province
Afghanistan
Myanmar (Northern)
Extent of Occurrence: > 20,000 sq km. Observed and inferred from field
studies and literature.
Area of Occupancy: > 2,000 sq km. Observed and inferred from field
studies and literature.
Locations/subpopulations: Many. Contiguous.
Habitat status: Increase in area due to human habitation: bats live in old,
unused houses. Decrease in quality due to quarrying.
Data source: Literature, field study; observed, inferred; 95% confidence.
Threats
Threats to the taxon: Exploitation, illegal trade for food, human
interference, renovation of old temples, quarrying, human habitation,
habitat disturbance. The influence on the population well understood, not
reversible and have not ceased to be a threat.
Other status
CITES: Not listed
India: Tadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve, Radhanagari Wildlife Sanctuary,
Maharastra; Orang National Park, Assam; Kawal Wildlife Sanctuary,
Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve, Andhra Pradesh; Kanha National
Park, Madhya Pradesh; Indravati National Park, Chhattisgarh
Recommendations
Research: Survey
Management: Monitoring, public awareness
Captive breeding: Techniques known for this taxon or similar taxon.
Captive stocks exist at Munich and Hannover, Germany.
Comments
The species is known to migrate between populations and locations.
Known to be a shy species, prone to human disturbance, so monitoring of
the population is suggested. The group believes that the numbers will not
dwindle, but the population will just move into more inaccesible/safe
places (from humans). Wide spread and many localities in whole of India
and Sri Lanka. Northern and central Indian populations could have
decreased. In Bihar, the population is increasing. Sri Lanka population
has been stable for the last 15 years. In 1960, there were 500-700
individuals seen at Mandu and Jodhpur Fort. Gaur (1982) did not find the
bats in the area. Senacha also did not find the bats in the reported
locality in 2001. Ishwar Prakash observed a population of 700 in 1970s,
but in 1990s the entire population has disappeared.
Sources
Andersen & Wroughton. 1907; Elliot, 1839; Geoffroy, 1810; Harshey &
Chandra, 2001; Hodgson, 1847a; Hutson et al., 2001; Khan, 2001;
Wagner, 1844
Trade: Illegal trade for food
Compilers
A.C. Girish, J.K. Immanuel, S. Kandula, V.S. Korad, C.D. Koya, G. Nair,
P.T. Nathan, A. Nobel, J.K. Raj, R. Rajashekar, K. Seedikkoya, T.K.
Shrestha, E.A.A. Shukkur, D.P. Swamidoss, W. Yapa
Population
Reviewers

Population trend: Population stable.
Data source: Literature, field study; census, observed, inferred.
109

Azad Ali, Assam, India, 2001
Srinivasulu C. Andhra Pradesh, India, 1995 onwards
J. Vanitharani, wing morphology, Idachivillai, VOC distr., Tamil Nadu, India, 1991-1998
J. Vanitharani & J. Selwyn, Tirunelveli district, TN, India, 2000-onwards. survey
J. Vanitharani & J. Selwyn, VOC district, TN, India S. Kandula, Madurai, TN, 1993-2000, Population studies
Y.P. Sinha, Bihar , India, 2000, survey.
Y.P. Sinha, Arunchal Pradesh, India, 1994, survey.
Y.P. Sinha, Chessa, Nagaland, India, 1996-1997, survey.
M.S. Pradhan, Rathnagari WLS, Kolhapur, Tadoba Tiger Reserve & Chandrapur, Maharashtra, India, 1991-1996. Survey Sri Lanka,
V. Yapa & P.C.M. B. Digana, 1996-99, survey
A. Thabah, Maghalaya, India, 2001, Survey
Distribution in South Asia, Afghanistan and Myanmar based on literature and recent field sightings
Lat.
Asia
AFGHANISTAN
near Jalalabad
BANGLADESH
Throughout
Sylhet
24 53
Long.
Notes/Sources
91 51
Khan, 2001
13 50
14 30
15 36
19 12
17 42
79 15
78 50
79 07
79 00
83 24

Sreenivasulu C., 1995 onwards
27 20
92 30
26 37
90 30
26 10
91 20

A. Ali, 2001
A. Ali, 2001
24 46
25 14
23 47
24 10
26 28
26 21
23 56
25 47
25 54
22 25
22 31
25 49
84 23
86 59
86 32
86 20
84 26
86 05
86 07
87 28
86 36
87 24
85 50
85 25
Sinha, 1972-1980
Harshey & Chandra, 2001
22 34
24 13
24 14
21 40
21 30
21 16
24 12
21 10
73 01
72 50
72 13
73 02
73 00
73 22
72 29
72 54
Sinha, 1972-1980
32 04
76 16
INDIA
Andhra Pradesh
Balapalli
Cuddapah
Cumbum
Diguvametta
Hyderabad city
Kawal, Adilabad
Nallamalas
Visakapattanam
Arunachal Pradesh
Banderdeva
Assam
Angarakhta
B.N. College, Dhubri
Orang National Park
Polahari
Bihar
No exact locality
Aurangabad
Bhagalpur
Dhanbad
Giridih
Gopalganj
Madhubani
Nimighat
Purnea
Saharsa
Salbani
Sangajata
Vaishali
Chhattisgarh
Indravati National Park
Gujarat
No exact locality
Anand
Danta
Deesa
Garudeshwar
Kim
Mandvi
Palanpur
Surat
Himachal Pradesh
Kangra
Jammu & Kashmir
110
Asia
Rambon
Karnataka
Belgaum
Devikop
Hangal
Honawar
Honkan
Jog
Kadkal
Kardibetta Forest
Kasakola
Kolar
Pattadkal
Puttur
Sagar
Lat.
Long.
33 15
75 18
15 54
15 12
14 49
14 19
14 30
14 12
14 08
12 12
23 09
16 00
12 45
16 37
74 36
75 05
75 14
74 27
75 10
74 41
75 20
76 37
78 10
75 47
75 11
76 45
Seringapatnam
Shimoga
Sirsi
Terakanambi
Vijayanagar
Kerala
Azhur
Trichur
Trivandrum
Madhya Pradesh
Asirgarh
Balaghat
12 25
13 56
14 40
15 20
76 41
75 31
74 51
76 28

Sreepada, 1993
Sreepada, 1993; Bates &
Harrison, 1997
Sreepada, 1993
10 32
08 41
76 14
76 57

21 31
21 48
76 22
80 16
Bhind
Chachora Fort
Damoh
Dhain
Guwarghat
Gwalior
Hoshangabad
Jabalpur
26 33
23 50
22 29
23 09
26 12
22 44
23 10
78 47
79 30
78 14
79 58
78 09
77 45
79 59
Kanha National Park

Malwa
Mandla
Mundra
Narsingarh
Sagar
Sheopore
Sohagpur
Maharashtra
Ajanta
Aurangabad
Bhandra
Borivili
23 44
23 50
24 00
23 50
25 41
22 43
76 01
78 44
79 29
78 44
76 42
78 14

20 30
19 52
21 09
19 14
75 48
75 22
79 42
72 57

Notes/Sources
Asia
Bulapur
Chinchpali
Devikop
Ellora
Ghodasgaum
Kanheri
Khed
Nagpur
Nasik
Powai Lake
Pune
Ratnagiri
Vijyadurg
Meghalaya
Kherapera
Orissa
Angul
Balugaon
Barbara
Chilka Lake
Cuttack
Konark
Mohana
Tikarpara
Rajasthan
No exact locality
Ajmer
Banswara
Bundi
Dungarpur
Jhalawar
Jhunjhunu
Jodhpur
Kota
Mandu & Jodhpur Fort
Sawai Madhopur
Sirohi
Tonk
Udaipur
Tamil Nadu
Coimbatore
Idachivillai
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
19 58
19 57
15 12
20 04
20 48
19 13
17 44
21 10
20 00
18 31
17 00
16 34
79 22
79 22
75 05
75 15
75 45
72 59
73 25
79 12
73 52
73 51
73 20
73 22

25 28
90 13
20 48
19 49
19 55
20 26
19 52
19 30
20 32
85 04
85 16
85 30
85 56
86 12
84 38
84 56

26 29
23 32
25 28
23 53
24 32
28 05
26 18
25 11
22 22
26 00
24 53
25 52
27 40
74 40
74 28
75 42
73 48
76 12
75 30
73 08
75 58
75 24
76 28
72 58
75 50
75 32
Sinha, 1972-1980
Senacha K.R.
11 02
-
76 59
-
Keela Kuyil Kudi

Madras
Madurai
Palni
Pannian Malai
Salem
Seelaiyampatti
Tirthamalai
Tirunelveli
09 52
13 05
09 55
10 18
09 55
11 38
12 06
08 44
78 09
80 18
78 07
77 31
78 02
78 08
78 36
72 42
Vannathiparai
VOC district
Uttar Pradesh
Agra
Gazipur
Khamaria
Lucknow
Nishangara
Ranibagh
09 44
-
77 19
-

J. Vanitharani, wing morphology,
1991-1998
J. Vanitharani & J. Selwyn,
survey, 2000-onwards; Bates &
Harrison, 1997
J. Vanitharani, 1997
27 09
27 40
26 50
29 22
78 00
79 32
80 54
79 26

Lat.
Asia
West Bengal
Bankura
23 14
Barddhaman
23 15
Birbhum
23 54
Kolkata
22 35
Darjeeling
27 02
Haora
Hugli
22 52
Jalpaiguri
26 30
Koch Bihar
26 17
Maldah
Medinipur
22 25
Murshidabad
24 11
Nadia
30 22
North 24-Parganas
Puruliya
23 20
South 24-Parganas
22 22
West Dinajpur
25 38
NEPAL
Barabisse
27 35
Hazaria
26 51
Kathmandu
27 42
PAKISTAN
Baluchistan
no exact locality
Punjab
Lahore
31 34
Lehtrar
33 42
Sialkot
32 30
Sind
Karachi
24 51
Sukkur
27 42
SRI LANKA
Northern Province
Mannar
08 58
Central Province
Peradeniya
07 15
Western Province
No exact locality
Anasigala
06 29
Colombo
06 55
Kalutara
06 35
Maharagama
06 52
Matugama
06 32
Southern Province
Udugama
06 13
Mapalagama
06 15
Nagoda
06 11
MYANMAR (NORTHERN)
Kin
22 45
Paumgaum
Pyaunggaung
22 38
Taron Valley
27 38
Toungoo
Yin
22 45
Long.
Notes/Sources
87 05
87 52
87 32
88 21
88 20
88 21
88 50
89 40
87 24
88 19
76 12
86 24
88 25
88 44

85 35
85 20
85 12

74 22
73 26
74 32

67 02
68 52

79 54
80 40
80 03
79 52
79 59
79 56
80 05
Yapa & Digana, 1996-99

80 20
80 16
80 17

94 45
97 22
98 12
94 46

111
Megaderma spasma (Linnaeus, 1758)
Synonyms: Vespertilio spasma Linnaeus, 1758

Megaderma spasma ceylonense Andersen, 1918
Megaderma horsfieldi Blyth, 1863
Common names: Bengali: Chhoto Daini Badur; Sinhalese: Sri Lanka Boru
Le Wavula; English: Lesser False Vampire Bat, Sri Lankan False Vampire
Bat
National Status:
Ver. 3.1:
LEAST CONCERN
Family: Megadermatidae
Uncertainty
Habit: Colonial, carnivorous.
Niche: Caves, disused wells, temples, verandahs, native houses, hollow

trees, mines. Up to 1500m.
Other status
CITES: Not listed
Distribution
Global: India, Bnagladesh, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, south-east Asia to Java,
Philippines and Molucca Islands, Andaman & Nicobar Islands.

India: Tadoba Tiger Reserve, Melghat Tiger Reserve, Pench National
Park (Maharasthra); Sundarbans National Park (West Bengal)
South Asia:
Bangladesh: Sunderbans
India: Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Assam, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala,
Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Mizoram, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu
Sri Lanka: Central Province, Eastern Province, Northern Province,
Southern Province, Western Province
Recommendations
Research: Survey, life history, ecological studies
Habitat: Humid and forested biomes, rural and suburban areas.
Myanmar (Northern)

Comments
Highly adaptable species, threats can be minimized by public awareness
programs. Fragmented since it occurs in southern India as well as in
Andaman Islands. Stable populations in Sri Lanka.

Sources
Andersen, 1918; Bates & Harrison, 1997; Blyth, 1863; Hutson et al., 2001;
Khan, 2001; Linnaeus, 1758; Mandal & Nandi, 1989; Wilson & Reeder,
1993

Data source: Field study, literature; inferred, observed;
Compilers
A.C. Girish, J.K. Immanuel, S. Kandula, V.S. Korad, G. Nair, P.T. Nathan,
A. Nobel, J.K. Raj, R. Rajashekar, K. Seedikkoya, T.K. Shrestha, E.A.A.
Shukkur, D.P. Swamidoss, W. Yapa
Threats
Threats to the taxon: Habitat loss. Adapts to changing habitat.
Reviewers
Habitat status: No decrease in area of the habitat. Decrease in quality

due to human habitation.
Data source: Field study, census; observed; 95% confidence

Population
Mature individuals: > 10,000. No decline in the past and their decline in
the future are not known.
Population trend: Population stable. <10% decline predicted in the next 10
years due to habitat loss.
Data source: Field study, literature; observed, inferred
112

A. Madhavan, Paralam, Trichur district, India [1986-1993].
M.S. Pradhan, Melghat Tiger Res, Amaravathi, Maharashtra, India [1990-1996], survey
M.S. Pradhan, Pench NP, Nagpur, India, 1990-1996, survey
M.S. Pradhan, Tadoba Tiger Reserve Chandrapur, Maharashtra, India, 1990-1996, survey
A. Thabah, Meghalaya, India, 2001, echolocation
Swe K.M., Myanmar, 1999, survey
Mistry, S. & Parab, Talawady, India, 2001, population ecology
Distribution in
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
South Asia
BANGLADESH
Sunderbans
Khan, 2001
INDIA
Andaman Island
12 00 92 45 Reviewed from H.V. Andrews &
Bandana A. (C.A.M.P. Briefing
book) Hill, 1967
Wrightmyo
11 43 92 43 Bates & Harrison, 1997
Assam
Kulsi
25 50 91 20 Bates & Harrison, 1997
Rajapara
26 30 92 00 Bates & Harrison, 1997
Srimantapur,
26 10 91 45 informal study
Guwahati
A. Ali, 1998
Goa
Valpoi
15 30 74 05 Bates & Harrison, 1997
Karnataka
Coorg
Sreepada, K.S. 1995
Gersoppa
14 12 74 42 Bates & Harrison, 1997
Haleri
12 31 75 40 Bates & Harrison, 1997
Honkan
14 30 75 10 Bates & Harrison, 1997
Hulekal
14 42 74 46 Bates & Harrison, 1997
No exact locality
Bhat & Srinivasan, 1967-71
Sagar
16 37 76 45 Loss of habitat
Sreepada, K.S. 1993
Sirsi
14 40 74 51 Bates & Harrison, 1997
Talewadi
15 25 74 22 Mistry & Parab, 2001
Kerala
Cochin
09 56 76 15 Bates & Harrison, 1997
Palghat
8 44
77 42 Bates & Harrison, 1997
Paralam
10 03 76 04 M. s. horsfieldii. Well and top of
coconut tree
Hunting for medicine
A. Madhavan
Trichur
10 32 76 14 Bates & Harrison, 1997
Trivandrum
08 41 76 57 Bates & Harrison, 1997
Maharashtra
Borivili
19 14 72 57 Bates & Harrison, 1997
Chanda
19 58 79 21 Bates & Harrison, 1997
Kanheri
19 13 72 59 Bates & Harrison, 1997
Khandala
18 45 73 25 Bates & Harrison, 1997
Melaghat Tiger
M.S. Pradhan 1990-96
Reserve
Pench National Park M.S. Pradhan 1990-96
Rajapur
16 38 73 32 Bates & Harrison, 1997
Thana
19 14 73 02 Bates & Harrison, 1997
Tadoba Tiger
M.S. Pradhan 1990-96
Reserve, Chandrapur
Meghalaya
Distribution in
Lat.
South Asia
Meghalaya
Mizoram
Paikla
23 30
West Bengal
Chunabhatti
26 30
Gosaba
22 10
Sunderbans
Tamil Nadu
Chettiri Range
near Cumbum
High Wavy
09 50
Mountains
Vannathipari
09 44
MYANMAR (NORTHERN)
Mon state
-
Kin
Kyouk Myoung
Prome
Yin
SRI LANKA
No exact locality
Central Province
Kumbalgamuwa
Eastern Province
Mankeni
Panichi Kankeni
Trincomalee
Western Province
Anasigalla
Godigamua
Gonapola
Kalutara
Pilikutthuwa
Southern Province
Mapalagama
Nagoda
Samarakella
Udugama
Yala
Long.
Notes/Sources
A. Thabah, 2001
93 00
88 50
88 49

Mandal & Nandi, 1989
77 26

77 19
Caves
Hunting
K.M. Swe, 1999
22 45
22 36
18 50
22 45
94 45
95 55
95 14
94 46
Habitat loss & hunting for food

Bandara & Yapa, 1996-1999
Phillips, 1980
07 08
80 50
08 00
08 34
81 28
81 13

06 29
07 16
06 45
06 35
07 06
80 03
79 59
80 01
79 59
80 00

06 15
06 11
06 13
06 22
80 16
80 17
80 20
81 30

113
Common name: Ratanaworabhan's Fruit Bat
Ver. 3.1:
Habit: Frugivorous
It is NT because of limited number of known localities and projected loss

of habitat and fragmentation.
Habitat: Forested areas
NEAR THREATENED
Niche: 100-2100m.
National Status
Distribution
Global: India, Thailand, Vietnam
South Asia:
India: Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, West Bengal
Uncertainty
Assessed based on evidence, precaution and on the consensus of field
biologists.
Other status
Old World Fruit Bats Action Plan (Global): No data.
CITES: Not listed
India: Namdapha Wildlife Sanctuary (Arunachal Pradesh)
Habitat status: Habitat loss due to fragmentation

Data source: Literature; estimated, inferred.
Recommendations
Research: Survey
Threats
Threats to the taxon: Not known
Population

Comments
In Southeast Asia this species is common in forest habitats. It is not
known whether the species is common in northeastern India. The
situation in South Asia deserves further study. Not known if the locations
or subpopulations are contiguous or fragmented.

Sources
Mandal et al., 1993; Mickleburgh et al., 1992; Yenbutra & Felten, 1983
Compilers
Reviewers

Y.P. Sinha, Dimapur, Kohima, Mokokchung, Nagaland, India, 1997-98, ZSI Survey.

Lat.
Asia
INDIA
Arunachal Pradesh
Banderdeva
27 20
Namdapha
27 39
Manipur
Tamonglong
Uchathol
Mizoram
Aizwal & Lunglei
Nagaland
114
Long.
92 30
96 30
Notes/Sources

Deciduous and subtropical
mixed forest. The area is
Protected (Biosphere Reserve).
Mandal et al., 1993

Mandal et al., 1993
Mandal et al., 1993
Lat.
Asia
Dimapur
-
Kohima
25 42
94 15
Mokokchung
26 20
94 30
West Bengal
Pashok
27 04
88 24
Long.
Notes/Sources
Bamboo forest
Habitat loss, fragmentation
Sinha, Y.P., 1997-98.
Bamboo forest
Sinha, Y.P., 1997-98.
Bamboo forest
Sinha, Y.P., 1997-98.
Coniferous forest? Deforestation
Common name: Nicobar Long-fingered Bat
Ver. 3.1:
Habit: Cave dweller, insectivorous, lives in colonies of up to 700

individuals.
Vulnerable due to restricted area with threats to habitat as known in

Nepal.
Habitat: Limestone caves, rock clefts, culverts, crevices of trees.

Niche: Up to 1200m.
National Status
India: Vulnerable
Nepal: Critically Endangered
Distribution
Global: India, Nepal, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Loyalty Island and New
Caledonia.
Uncertainty
Assessed based on evidence, inference and precaution and on the
consensus of field biologists.
South Asia:
India: Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu
Nepal
Other status
CITES: Not listed
VULNERABLE
B2ab(iii,iv)
B2ab(iii,iv)
B2ab(iii)
Myanmar (Northern)
India: Kalakkad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve (Tamil Nadu).

Recommendations
Research: Survey, basic ecology
Locations/subpopulations: 6 / 5. Fragmented. Decline in number of

locations. Nepal population has disappeared.
Habitat status: Habitat in Nepal totally destroyed. Status in India not
known.
Data source: Field study, informal sighting; observed, inferred.
Threats
Threats to the taxon: Human interference, ecological imbalance, habitat
loss in Nepal, disturbance of roosts by man, habitat destruction in Nepal.
Comments
Difficult to calculate extent of occurrence with certainity since the localities
are so fragmented. In Australia similar taxa is known to have a small
home range of <300 sq. km for each location. The known localities are
fragmented and far apart. In Pokhara, Nepal earlier studies have reported
the species however presently there is a decline because of habitat
destruction (Shreshtha). Several hundred individuals observed in two
sites in Myanmar but situation elsewhere unknown. Habitat is stable in
Myanmar.
Data source: Field study; observed, inferred.

Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Dobson, 1876; Hutson et al., 2001
Population
Generation time: 4-6 years.
Compilers
P.J.J. Bates, P.M.C.B. Digana, V. Elangovan, A. Hutson, D.S. Joshi, G.H.
Koli, A. Madhavan, G. Marimuthu, K. Nathar, H. Raghuram, E.
Pandaranayaka, P. Patiath, M.S. Pradhan, Y.S. Priya, J. Vanitharani, K.D.
Yardi

Data source: Field study; inferred.
Reviewers

P.T. Nathan and J. Balasingh in Kalakkad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, 1999-2000
Lat.
Asia
INDIA
Katchal Island
07 58
Karnataka
Hubli
15 20
Tamil Nadu
Kalakkad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve
Madras
13 05
MYANMAR (NORTHERN)
Long.
Notes/Sources
93 20
75 12
Evergreen forest
P.T. Nathan and J. Balasingh,
1999-2000
80 18
Lat.
Asia
Hpa-an
-
Long.
-
Mawlamyine
28 14
83 58
Notes/Sources
Large limestone caves in paddy
fields
Bates, P.J.J., 1999
Large limestone caves in paddy
fields
Collection for food
P.J.J. Bates, 1999
NEPAL
Pokhra
Locality queried by Corbet &

Hill, 1992
115
Miniopterus schreibersii (Kuhl, 1819)
Synonyms: Vespertilio scheibersii Kuhl, 1819

Vespertilio fuliginosa Hodgson, 1835
Ver. 3.1:
Common names: Sinhalese: Schreibersge dik-angeli wawula;
English: Schreiber's Long-fingered Bat
LEAST CONCERN
National Status
Habit: Large colonies.

Uncertainty
Assessed based on evidence, inferrence and on the consensus of field
biologists.
Habitat: Hilly and forested country-side.

Niche: Caves, caverns and crevices in rocks. Up to 338-1230m.
Distribution
Global: Southern Europe and Morocco through the Caucasus and Iran to
Japan, the Indian subcontinent and east to Australia; also sub-Saharan
Africa.
South Asia:
India: Arunachal Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu,
Uttaranchal, West Bengal
Nepal
Sri Lanka: Central Province, North Western Province, Sabaragamuwa
Province, Uva Province, Western Province
Other status
Red List of Threatened Species (2000): Lower Risk near threatened
Microchiroptera Action Plan (Global): Lower Risk near threatened
CITES: Not listed
India: Siju Wildlife Sanctuary (Meghalaya).
Recommendations
Research: Survey
Comments
Afghanistan
Myanmar (Northern)
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Hutson et al., 2001; Hodgson, 1835; Kuhl, 1819,
Sinha, 1994

Compilers
Locations/subpopulations: Many.
Habitat status: Change in quality.
Reviewers
Data source: Indirect information; inferred.

Threats
Threats to the taxon: Human interference
Population
Data source: Indirect information; inferred

Wipula & Bandara in Wavulpane cave & Koslanda Cave, 1996-1999
Sinha, Y.P. in Kolkata, 1990-93 & Pune, 1994
116
Asia
AFGHANISTAN
near Kandahar
Jalalabad
Dilaram
Qala Bist
Qalat
INDIA
Arunachal Pradesh
73km ESE Miao
Maharashtra
Mahableshwar
Panchgani
Pune
Robbers Cave
Satara
Meghalaya
Siju Cave
Sikkim
?Sonari
Tamil Nadu
St. Thome Island
Uttar Pradesh
Mussorie
Ramnagar
West Bengal
Kolkata
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
34 26
32 11
31 28
32 05
70 25
62 27
64 21
66 53

17 56
17 56
18 31
-
73 42
73 49
73 51
-
17 43
74 05

Sinha, 1994
Caves
P.J.J. Bates & M. Muni, 1992
25 32
75 47
Caves
Sinham 1994;
P.J.J. Bates & M. Muni, 1992;
13 05
80 18
30 26
29 23
78 04
79 07

22 35
88 21
Sinha, Y.P., 1990-93

MYANMAR (NORTHERN)
Mingun
22 00
95 58
Lat.
Asia
Tragine
Nam Tisang Valley
Mount Popa
20 56
Adung Valley
28 10
NEPAL
Kathmandu Valley
27 42
Kakani
27 56
Bimalnagar
27 45
Syangja
28 49
SRI LANKA
Central Province
Elkaduwa
07 17
Galaha
07 12
Gammuduwa
07 32
Kandy
07 17
Kumbalgamuwa
07 08
Mulhalkelle
07 06
Rattota
07 31
Kurenegala
07 28
Madola
06 41
Wavulpane cave
06 25
Uva Province
Koslanda Cave
Passara Hills
Wellawaya
Western Province
Dehiwala
Long.
Notes/Sources
95 16
97 40

85 12
85 11
84 29
83 42

80 42
80 40
80 41
80 40
80 50
80 52
80 41

80 23
79 52
80 40

Caves
Wipula & Bandara, 1996-1999
06 45
81 00
06 58
06 44
81 09
81 07
Caves
Wipula & Bandara, 1996-1999
06 52
79 52
117
Murina aurata (Milne-Edwards, 1872)
Synonyms: Murinus aurata Milne-Edwards, 1872
Common names: Little Tube-nosed Bat, Tibetan Tube-nosed Bat
Ver. 3.1:
Although no evident threats, because of restricted distribution in the

region and likelihood of habitat loss in the future, the species is assessed
as Near Threatened.
Habit: Insectivorous
Habitat: Subtropical forest
Niche: Near steep mountain slopes with thick forest; 2000-4154 m.
Distribution
Global: India, Nepal to eastern Tibet, China, Myanmar and northern
Thailand.
NEAR THREATENED
National Status
Nepal: Near Threatened
Uncertainty
Assessed based on evidence, inference and precaution.
Other status
CITES: Not listed
South Asia:
India: Sikkim, Meghalaya
Nepal

None
Myanmar
Area of Occupancy: 501-2,000 sq km. Estimated based upon foraging
radius from 6 locations.
Recommendations
Research: Survey

Comments
The specimen was collected last from Shivpuri in Nepal, where threats are
minimal to the species. Md. Azad Ali reports a specimen of Murina aurata
aurata from ZSI, Northeast region Museum. Identification is questionable
as Y.P. Sinha feels that the specimen was immature M. huttoni huttoni.
Mistry and Senacha are of the opinion that the species be assessed as
Data Deficient since there is no evidence of habitat decrease or threat
other than general habitat decline.
Habitat status: Not known

Data source: Literature; Inferred
Threats
Population
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Corbet & Hill, 1991; Hutson et al., 2001; MilneEdwards, 1872
Compilers
Srinivasulu
Reviewers

None
Distribution in South Asia based on literature

Asia
INDIA
Sikkim
Sedonchen
Meghalaya
Mawphlang
NEPAL
Makut
Mount Sheopuri
118
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
27 15
88 48
25 25
92 13
28 50
27 45
83 25
85 45

Synonyms: Murina cyclotis Dobson, 1872

Murina eileenae Phillips, 1932

Ver. 3.1:
LEAST CONCERN
Common name: Round-eared Tube-nosed Bat
Habit: Occurs in small colony, insectivorous, low flier
National Status
Habitat: Occurs in cardamom and coconut plantations, rocky caves in

forest.
Uncertainty
Niche: 769-1452m.
Other status
CITES: Not listed
Distribution
Global: Sri Lanka and India to China, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia and
Philippines.
South Asia:
India: Andhra Pradesh, Meghalaya, Sikkim, West Bengal
Nepal
Sri Lanka: Central Province, North Western Province

Nepal: Royal Chitwan National Park.
Recommendations
Myanmar (Northern)
Comments
Species occurs in small colonies of 2-5 individuals and few locations.

Locations/subpopulations: 12 / at least 3. Fragmented. All individuals not
in one population and one subpopulation does not hold > 90% of the total
population.
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Dobson, 1872; Hutson et al., 2001; Phillips, 1932
Compilers
P.J.J. Bates, P.M.C.B.Digana, V. Elangovan, A. Hutson, D.S. Joshi, G.H.
Koli, A. Madhavan, G. Marimuthu, K. Nathar, E. Pandaranayaka, P.
Patiath, M.S. Pradhan, Y.S. Priya, H. Raghuram, J. Vanitharani, K. Yardi
Data source: Literature, indirect information; inferred

Threats
Reviewers
Population

Yapa & Digana, Kurunegala, North Western Province, Sri Lanka, 1997, Survey
119
Asia
INDIA
Andhra Pradesh
Visakhapatnam
Meghalaya
Konshnong
Cherrapunji
Mawphlang
Mawryngkueng
Risa colony
Sikkim
No exact locality
West Bengal
Darjeeling
Gopaldhara
Tong Song
Singla
120
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
17 42
83 24
25 30
25 16
25 25
-
92 01
91 42
92 13
-

27 02
88 20
26 59
27 04
27 02
88 17
88 24
88 19
Type locality of M. cyclotis

Lat.
Asia
Pashok
27 04
Teesta Valley
26 30
MYANMAR (NORTHERN)
Chin hills
23 40
Nam Tamai Valley
27 42
Sumka Uma
25 57
NEPAL
Royal Chitwan National 27 37
Park
SRI LANKA
Central Province
Medamahanuwera
07 16
Mousakande
07 32
Kurenegala
36 47
Long.
Notes/Sources
88 24
88 50

94 15
97 54
97 49

84 11
80 48
80 42

68 51
Coconut plantation Yapa &

Digana, 1997
CRITICALLY ENDANGERED
Common names: Peter's Tube-nosed Bat
Ver. 3.1:
Habit: Not known.

Habitat: Montane forests, foothills of Himalayas.
Known only from type locality, which currently does not have the original
habitat due to developmental activities. Assessment based on habitat
characteristics and not on population characteristics.
Niche: About 1692m.
1997 C.A.M.P. (Ver. 2.3): Vulnerable
Distribution
Global: Endemic to South Asia (India).
Uncertainty
Assessed based on inference, precaution and on the consensus of field
biologists.
South Asia:
India: Uttar Pradesh
B1ab(iii)
D2
Other status
Red List of Threatened Species (2000): Endangered B1+2c
Microchiroptera Action Plan (Global): Endangered B1+2c
CITES: Not listed
Extent of Occurrence: < 100 sq km.

Area of Occupancy: May be < 100 sq km.
Locations/subpopulations: 1 / not known.

None
Habitat status: Extensive loss of habitat due to human interference,

housing and tourism.
Recommendations
Research: Survey, PHVA
Threats
Threats to the taxon: Loss of habitat, human interference, tourism
Comments
Appears to be a distinct species with good taxonomic characters.
However, its restricted range suggests that other populations probably
exist elsewhere in the western Himalayan foothills. It is a top priority
species for research in South Asia. Occurs only in one area as per
literature, no reports since last 100 years. No new information available.
Population
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Hutson et al., 2001; Peters, 1872
Compilers
Reviewers

None

Lat. Long.
Notes/Sources
Asia
INDIA
Uttar Pradesh
Jeripanee, Mussorie,
30 03 79 17 Holotype
Kumaon
121
Synonyms: Harpyiocephalus huttonii Peters, 1872
Common name: Hutton's Tube-nosed Bat
Ver. 3.1:
National Status:
Nepal: Data Deficient
Habit: Nocturnal, insectivore.
LEAST CONCERN
Habitat: Montane forests, banana plantations, tropical broadleaf forest.

Niche: Tree bark, leaf base of banana. 2154-2462m.
Distribution
Global: India, Nepal, Pakistan, Tibet, Myanmar, China, Vietnam, Thailand
South Asia:
India: Assam, Darjeeling, Jammu & Kashmir, Meghalaya, Uttaranchal,
West Bengal
Nepal
Pakistan
Uncertainty
Other status
CITES: Not listed
None
Myanmar (Northern)
Recommendations
Research: Survey
Area of Occupancy: > 2,000 sq km. Estimated on the basis of 10 km

radius of foraging radius and 16 locations.
Comments
Bates et al., 2000 did not collect any specimen of this species during their
recent studies in Myanmar.

Habitat status: Habitat loss, human interference, change in quality of
habitat.
Threats
Threats to the taxon: Habitat loss, human interference
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Bates et al., 2000; Hutson et al., 2001; Peters,
1872; Sinha, 1999
Compilers
Reviewers
Population
Recent field sightings

None
Distribution in
South Asia
INDIA
Arunachal Pradesh
Dening
Assam
Ripu
Jammu & Kashmir
Srinagar
Meghalaya
Shangpong
Shillong
Uttaranchal
Dehra Dun
122
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
28 00
96 17
BNHS collections
02 45
90 09
34 08
74 50
25 30
25 34
92 02
91 53
BNHS collections
Risa colony
Tropical broadleaf forests (1.4.3)
Sinha, Y.P. 15.07.1989
30 19
78 03
Type locality of M. huttoni

Distribution in
Lat.
South Asia
Kha
30 04
West Bengal
Darjeeling
27 02
Pashok
27 04
Sangser
27 04
Teesta Valley
26 30
Tong Song
27 04
MYANMAR (NORTHERN)
Chin Hills
23 40
Sumka Uma
25 57
NEPAL
Kathmandu
27 42
PAKISTAN
Gilgit
35 54
Miranjani
34 06
Long.
Notes/Sources
79 55
88 20
88 24
88 30
88 50
88 24

BNHS collections
94 15
97 49
BNHS collections
85 12
74 20
73 25

Murina leucogaster (Milne-Edwards, 1872)

Synonyms: Murinus leucogaster Milne-Edwards, 1872
Murinus rubex Thomas, 1916

Ver. 3.1:
NEAR THREATENED
Common names: Greater Tube-nosed Bat

This qualifies for Endangered category, but because of populations
existing in neighbouring countries, the chances of recolonisation, if habitat
is conducive, is possible to reduce the category to NT.
Habit: Low flying insectivore, solitary or groups up to six.
National Status
Nepal: Vulnerable
Habitat: Grasslands, plantation, mixed woodland.
B2ab(iii)
Niche: Roosts in vegetation or caves; up to 2000m.

Distribution
Global: India, Nepal, Tibet, China, Mongolia, Siberia, Korea, Japan,
Thailand.
Uncertainty
Assessed based on evidence, inference and on the consensus of field
biologists.
Other status
CITES: Not listed
South Asia:
India: West Bengal
Nepal

None
Area of Occupancy: < 500 sq km.

Recommendations
Research: Survey
Habitat status: Change in quality of habitat due to human interference
Data source: Literature, inferred.
Comments
Very few records and no recent information.
Threats
Threats to the taxon: Human interference, conversion of grasslands
Population
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Hutson et al., 2001; Milne-Edwards, 1872;
Thomas, 1916a
Compilers
Patiath, M.S. Pradhan, Y.S. Priya, J. Vanitharani, K.D. Yardi

Data source: Indirect information; inferred, suspected.
Reviewers

None

INDIA
West Bengal
Pashok
27 04
Long.
Notes/Sources
88 24
Sangser
27 04
88 30
Type locality of rubex

NEPAL
Kathmandu Valley
27 42
85 12
123
Synonym: Harpiocephalus tubinaris Scully, 1881
Common name: Scully's Tube-nosed Bat
Ver. 3.1:
Possible threats to the population in future due to loss of habitat, habitat

alteration and war.
NEAR THREATENED
National Status
Pakistan: Near Threatened
Habitat: Mountain slopes, hills

Niche: Roosts in trees.
Distribution
Global: India, Pakistan, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam
Uncertainty
Assessed based on evidence, inference, precaution and on the
South Asia:
India: Arunachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Meghalaya, Mizoram,
Sikkim, West Bengal
Pakistan
Other status
CITES: Not listed
Myanmar (Northern)

None

Recommendations
Research: Survey
Habitat status: Loss of habitat and change in quality of habitat due to

human interference.
Comments
Data source: Literature, indirect information; inferred, suspected.
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Hutson et al., 2001; Scully, 1881
Compilers
S. Mistry, C. Srinivasulu, K.S. Sreepada, T.K. Shrestha, M. Muni, K.R.
Senacha
Threats
Threats to the taxon: Habitat loss, habitat alteration
Population
Reviewers
Mature individuals: Not known.

Population trend: <5% decline predicted in the future due to habitat
destruction and altertion.

None
Distribution in South Asia and Myanmar based on literature

INDIA
Arunachal Pradesh
Dening
Lohit Valley
Jammu & Kashmir
Kashmir Valley (Possibly)
Meghalaya
Mawphlang
Shangpung
Mizoram
Sangao
Sikkim
Chungtung
124
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
28 00
28 18
96 17
97 00

25 25
25 30
92 13
92 02

23 30
93 00
27 38
88 35

West Bengal
Darjeeling
Gopaldhara
MYANMAR (NORTHERN)
Chin Hills
Nam Tamai Valley
PAKISTAN
Gilgit
Nathia Gali
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
27 02
26 59
88 20
88 17

23 40
27 42
94 15
97 54

35 54
74 20
34 04
73 24
Type locality of M.
tubinaris

Synonyms: Pipistrellus annectans Dobson, 1871
Myotis primula Thomas, 1920,

Ver. 3.1:
VULNERABLE
D2
Common names: Hairy-faced Bat, Intermediate Bat

Habitat is not known, but the bat has been sighted in four localities. There
is general change in quality of habitat, which could affect the species.
Assessed because eof few localities it is recorded from in the region
Habit: Insectivorous.

Habitat: Not known
Uncertainty
biologists.
Niche: Up to 1100m.
Distribution
Global: India to Thailand.
Other status
CITES: Not listed
South Asia:
India: Nagaland, West Bengal
Extent of Occurrence: 5,001-20,000 sq km.

None
Area of Occupancy: > 2000 sq km.

Locations/subpopulations: 4 / 2. Fragmented.
Recommendations
Habitat status: Change in quality of habitat.
Data source: Literature; inferred, estimated, suspected.
Threats
Threats to the taxon: Human interference
Comments
Unsure whether the distribution is contiguous. All four locations are
historical and no recent information is available. The species annectans
was originally included in Pipistrellus (Topal, 1970).
Population
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Dobson, 1871; Hutson et al., 2001; Thomas,
1920; Topal, 1970.

Compilers
P.J.J. Bates, W. Yapa, P.C.M.B. Digana, S. Kandula, G. Nair, E.A.A.
Shukkur, R. Rajashekar, A. Thabah
Reviewers

None

Asia
INDIA
Nagaland
Samoogooting
Lat.
Long.
25 45
93 45
Takubama
West Bengal
Pashok
25 37
94 32
27 04
88 24
Teesta Valley
26 30
88 50
Notes/Sources
type locality of annectans

type locality of primula
125
Synonyms: Vespertilio blythii Tomes, 1857

?Myotis africanus Dobson, 1875
Vespertilio murinoides Dobson, 1837
Common name: Lesser Mouse-eared Bat
Restricted number of mature individuals in fragmented locations in the

region.
Ver. 3.1:
VULNERABLE
D1
Habit: Colonial / clusters, insectivorous.
Habitat: Scrub forest and low foothills with low rainfall, tropical semi
evergreen forests.
National Status
India: Vulnerable
Nepal: Vulnerable
Niche: Caves, buildings (unused), trees, crevices. 170-1754m.
Uncertainty
Distribution
Global: India, Pakistan, Nepal, Afghanistan, Mediterranean zone of
Europe and north-west Africa to the Crimea, Asia Minor, Israel, Arabia,
China, Mongolia.
Other status
CITES: Not listed
South Asia:
India: Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Rajasthan
Nepal
Pakistan

None
Recommendations
Research: Survey
Afghanistan
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Dobson, 1873; Dobson, 1875; Hutson et al.,
2001; Tomes, 1857

Locations/subpopulations: About 10 / not known. Fragmented.
Habitat status: < 10% decrease in area likely in the next 5 years due to
deforestation. Decrease in quality due to deforestation.
Data source: Field study, literature; observed, suspected.
Compilers
Srinivasulu
Reviewers
Threats
Threats to the taxon: Habitat loss, deforestation in the future. The
influence on the population is well understood, not reversible and has not
ceased to be a threat.
Data source: Field study; observed, inferred, suspected.
Population
Mature individuals: < 800. Based on 40 individuals per colony in 20
locations. <10% decline in the number of mature individuals likely in the
future.
Population trend: Actual numbers 800. Population stable at present.
<10% decline likely in the next 5 years.
Data source: Field study; observed, inferred, suspected.

A. Thabah in East Khasi hills, Meghalaya, 2001, echolocation studies on bats
126
Distribution in South Asia and Afghanistan based on literature and recent field sightings
Asia
AFGHANISTAN
Baschgar Valley
Ghazni
Firindjal
near Kabul
near Maimana
near Qalat
near Beltchiragh
INDIA
Jammu & Kashmir
Achabari
Shar
Himachal Pradesh
Chamba
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
35 10
33 33
35 00
-
70 58
68 28
68 29
-

33 41
33 44
75 14
75 11

32 33
76 10
Asia
Dalhousie
Simla
Meghalaya
East Khasi hills
Rajasthan
Nasirabad
NEPAL
Tumlingter
PAKISTAN
Karakar Pass
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
32 32
31 07
76 01
77 09

25 20
91 55
Semievergreen forest
Deforestation
A. Thabah, 2001
26 16
74 42
type locality of blythii

27 33
87 16
34 26
72 13
127
DATA DEFICIENT
Common name: Csorbas Mouse-eared Bat
Ver. 3.1:
Habit: Not known
Uncertainty
DATA DEFICIENT
Habitat: Not known

Other status
Red List of Threatened Species (2000): Data Deficient
Microchiroptera Action Plan (Global): Data Deficient
CITES: Not listed
Niche: Cave. 1300m.

Distribution
Global: Endemic to South Asia (Nepal)

None
South Asia:
Nepal (Central)
Extent of Occurrence: Not known
Recommendations
Research: Survey
Locations/subpopulations: 1.
Sources
Hutson et al., 2001; Simmons et al., in prep.

Compilers

Threats
Reviewers
Population

None

NEPAL
Nepal (Central), no exact
28 14
location
128
Long.
83 58
Notes/Sources
Syanjia district, 4 km
extent, located at 30 km
south of Pokhara town.
Subtropical forest
(Shrestha, referring to
locality given in original
description)
Deforestation, mining,
pollutants
Synonyms: Vespertilio daubentonii Kuhl, 1819

Vespertilio laniger Peters, 1871

Ver. 3.1:
ENDANGERED
B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii); D
Common names: Daubenton's Bat, Water Bat

1997 C.A.M.P. (Ver. 2.3):
Not Evaluated
Uncertainty
Habitat: Deciduous and mixed forests.
Niche: Caves, lakes, ponds, streams, hollow trees, buildings crevices.
Other status
CITES: Not listed
Distribution
Global: India, Tibet; from Ireland and Scandinavia through Europe and
Russia to Japan, Korea and China.

None
South Asia:
India: Meghalaya, Maharashtra
Recommendations
Research: Survey, life history, ecological studies.
Management: Habitat management, monitoring
Area of Occupancy: 11-500 sq km.
Comments
Only 8 individuals seen from Pune area. No other information. Population
numbers and threats not known. Based on studies in Europe of average
40 individuals per roost. Colony sizes in Europe range between 20-150
individuals with an average of 40.
Habitat status: Decrease in quality due to deforestation

Data source: Field study; observed, suspected, estimated.
Threats
Threats to the taxon: habitat loss and habitat destruction may be a threat
in the future [Korad].
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Hutson et al., 2001; Kuhl, 1819
Compilers

Population
Reviewers
Mature individuals: < 250

Data source: field study; literature

Korad & Yardi, Karvey's Vanitashram, Hingane, Pune, India, 1999-2001, Ecological study and faunistic survey of bats in Pune Corporation limits - a
minor UGC project.

Asia
INDIA
Meghalaya
Mamosmai
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
25 16
91 42
Named laniger in Topal

(1974)
Maharashtra
Karvey's Vanitashram
Low-roofed old buildings,

behind wooden boxes
Habitat destruction
Korad & Yardi, 1998-2001
129
Synonyms: Vespertilio formosa Hodgson, 1835

Kerivoula pallida Blyth, 1863
Vespertilio auratus Dobson, 1871
Vespertilio dobsoni Anderson, 1881
Ver. 3.1:
Common names: Bengali: Hodgsoner Chamchika; English: Hodgson's Bat

Habit: Tree-living, forest.
LEAST CONCERN
National Status
Uncertainty
Niche: Trees and bushes; 1231-2900m.

Distribution
Global: India, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Nepal, Tibet to China, Taiwan,
Korea, Japan, Philippines and Indonesia.
Other status
CITES: Not listed
South Asia:
Bangladesh: Northeastern
India: Assam, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Maharashtra,
Meghalaya, Punjab, Sikkim, Uttaranchal, West Bengal
Nepal

None
Afghanistan
Comments
Widespread distribution but rare and little known species. If future studies
show the density of population to be very low the status may well have to
be revised.
Recommendations
Research: Survey, taxonomic research
Locations/subpopulations: At least 19 / some.

Sources
Anderson, 1881; Bates & Harrison, 1997; Blyth, 1863; Dobson, 1871d;
Hodgson, 1835; Hutson et al., 2001; Khan, 2001; Trouessart, 1897-1905;
Habitat status: Change in quality of habitat

Data source: Literature, indirect information; Inferred, estimated.
Threats
Threats to the taxon: Habitat loss (human induced), deforestation
Compilers
Population
Reviewers
Mature individuals: > 10,000. <10% decline likely in number of mature

individuals in the next 10 years.
Population trend: Decline predicted in the future.

None
130

Asia
AFGHANISTAN
Kalat-us-Seraj
BANGLADESH
Northeastern (Sylhet)
INDIA
Assam
Goalpara
Bihar
Chaibassa
Siripur
Purmea
Himachal Pradesh
Dharamsala
Jammu & Kashmir
no exact location
Maharashtra
Nagpur
Meghalaya
Lat.
Long.
34 40
70 18
Notes/Sources
26 10
90 38
22 31
25 46
25 47
85 50
84 44
87 28

32 14
76 24
Asia
Cherrapunji
Mowphlang
Punjab
Hoshiapur
Sikkim
No exact location
Uttaranchal
near Mussoorie
Dehra Dun
Katarmal
West Bengal
Darjeeling
Kolkata
NEPAL
Kathmandu Valley
21 10
79 12
Ghorepani

Khan, 2001
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
25 16
25 31
91 42
91 31

31 30
75 59
30 19
29 36
78 03
79 40

27 02
22 35
88 20
88 21

27 42
85 12
28 22
83 35
Type locality of M. formosus

131
Synonyms: Vespertilio hasseltii Temminck, 1840
Common names: Sinhalese: Van Hassltge Dumburce Wavula; English:

Lesser Large-tooth Bat, The Brown Bat, Van Hasselt's Bat;
Ver. 3.1:
NEAR THREATENED
National Status
Sri Lanka: Vulnerable
B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)
Habitat: Dry zones

Niche: Cracks in tree trunks or bamboos and possibly in holes in walls in
ruined buildings; sea level and lowland.
Uncertainty
Distribution
Global: India, Sri Lanka, South east Asia
Other status
CITES: Not listed
South Asia:
India: West Bengal
Sri Lanka: Eastern Province, Northern Province, North Central Province,
Southern Province

None
Extent of Occurrence: > 20,000 sq km. <10% decline predicted in the next
10 years.
Recommendations
Research: Survey, life history, limiting factor research, ecological research
Management: Habitat management; Monitoring public awareness
Area of Occupancy: > 2,001 sq km. Inferred based on literature.

Habitat status: <10% decrease in area due to human habitation. Decrease
in quality.
Data source: Literature, indirect information; inferred, estimated;
Threats
Threats to the taxon: Habitat loss, development, human settlement
Population
Comments
The species was recorded in 6 different countries [Bates & Harrison],
however, in the recent past (last 5 years), despite surveys, no records
from Myanmar and Sri Lanka. But, considering the possiblity that it is a
common bat, the EOO could be > 20,000 km. Being a lowland species,
possiblities of habitat destruction is very high, though not known due to
human settlements. No sightings in the last 3 years in two separate
regions (Myanmar & Sri lanka) indicates a possible reduction of numbers
in population size. Immediate survey is essential in other regions. public
awareness in the sense that people who find a bat can take it to the
researcher to identify it. Sri Lankan population is a suspect, the quality
and quantity of habitat have drastically declined. Southern Myanmar
population is unknown [Swe], Northern Myanmar holds a sustainable
population [Bates]. Since there is definitive information in Sri Lanka and
Myanmar, we suspect a decrease in population. In those areas in
Indonesia where there is no human habitation, population may be stable
Mature individuals: Unknown

Population trend: <10% decline in the population due to habitat loss in the
last 10 years. <10% decline likely in the next 10 years.
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Hutson et al., 2001; Philips, 1980
Compilers
A.C. Girish, Immanuel, J.K., S. Kandula, V.S. Korad, C.D. Koya, G. Nair,
Reviewers

Khin Mie Mie, 2001, North Rakhine state, Myanmar, field study.
Yapa & Digana, 1996-1999, Sri Lanka, ecological survey.
Lat.
Asia
INDIA
West Bengal
Kolkata
22 35
MYANMAR
North Rakhine state
SRI LANKA
Eastern Province
Kokoputchi
-
132
Long.
88 21
Notes/Sources

Khin Mie Mie, 2001
Asia
Valaichenai
Northern Province
Kappachchi
Anuradhapura
Southern Province
Yala
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
07 54
81 32
08 38
80 18
08 20
80 25
06 22
81 30
Myotis horsfieldii (Temminck, 1840)
Synonyms: Vespertilio horsfieldii Temminck, 1840

Leuconoe peshwa Thomas, 1915
Myotis dryas Andersen, 1907
Common names: Horsfield's Bat, Lesser large-tooth Bat
Uncertainty
Ver. 3.1:
LEAST CONCERN
Habit: Mostly occurs in wooded areas, near water bodies.

Other status
CITES: Not listed
Habitat: Caves.
Niche: Up to 1200m.
Distribution
Global: India, Hong Kong, Southeast Asia

India: Silent Valley National Park, Kerala; Kanha National Park, Madhya
Pradesh
South Asia:
India: Andaman & Nicobar islands, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya
Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu
Recommendations
Research: Survey
Comments
Locations/subpopulations: >10 / not known. Fragmented.
Sources
Andersen, 1907; Bates & Harrison, 1997; Harshey & Chandra, 2001;
Hutson et al., 2001; Thomas, 1915
Habitat status: Human interference, loss of habitat, change in quality.

Data source: Indirect information, literature; Inferred.
Threats
Threats to the taxon: Human interference. The influence on the population
well understood, not reversible and have not ceased to be a threat.
Compilers
Reviewers
Population
Data source: Indirect information; Inferred

Das in Silent Valley, 1986; Hill, Madhya Pradesh, 1987; Khajuria, Maharashtra, 1979
V.S. Korad & K.D. Yardi, Pune, 1998-2000, Survey and ecology
Lat.
Asia
INDIA
Port Blair
11 40
Goa
Molem
15 20
Karnataka
Belgaum
15 54
Long.
Notes/Sources
92 44
Type locality of dryas
74 15
74 36
Hanging from the roof of temple

Bhat & Sreenivas, 1990
Kodai
Kerala
Baliaparathodu
Calicut
12 54
74 51
10 46
-
76 42
-
Silent Valley
10 46
76 42
Madhya Pradesh
Jabalpur
23 10
79 59

Hole of well
A. Madhavan, 1993
Tropical forest
P.K. Das, 1980
Asia
Lat.
Long.
Kanha National Park

Mukhi
Sabalgarh
Maharashtra
Elephanta Island
22 35
21 48
26 15
80 28
80 16
77 24
18 54
72 58
Poona
18 34
73 58
near Satara
Tamil Nadu
High wavy mountains
09 50
77 26
Venniar Estate
39 50
77 29
Notes/Sources
Brosset, 1962
Type locality of peshwa
Forest, tea plantations,
underground tunnel, small
colony, about 20 individuals
Bates & Muni, 1993
133
Synonyms: Vespertilio longipes Dobson, 1873

? Myotis theobaldi Blyth, 1856?
? Vespertilio megalopus Dobson, 1875
Vespertilio macropus Dobson, 1872
Ver. 3.1:
NEAR THREATENED
National Status:
Common names: Kashmir Cave Bat

Uncertainty
Habitat: Caves and ruins.

Niche: Cracks and crevices, unused buildings/low lying areas. 1754m.
Distribution
Global: India, Myanmar, Nepal, and Afghanistan
South Asia:
India: Jammu & Kashmir, Meghalaya, Maharashtra
Nepal
Other status
Red List of Threatened Species (2000): Vulnerable B1+2c; D2
Microchiroptera Action Plan (Global): Vulnerable B1+2c; D2
CITES: Not listed
India: Balpakram National Park (Mizoram)
Recommendations
Research: Survey, taxonomic research; life history, basic ecology.
Afghanistan
Myanmar (Northern)
Management: Habitat management, monitoring.

Locations/subpopulations: 7-10 / 7-10. Fragmented.
Habitat status: Habitat loss and change in quality of habitat.
Data source: Field study, museum; observed
Threats
Threats to the taxon: Accidental mortality, war, human interference, cave
disturbance, habitat loss
Data source: Field study, museum; observed, inferred.
Population
Population trend: > 10,000. Population likely to decline.
Data source: Field study, literature; observed
Comments
Possible occurrence in Iran and Vietnam. Taxonomy of small, big footed
Myotis is complex. Species is very difficult to identify unless there is
enough expertise. Identification should be done with great care. Since the
species is restricted in its distribution, the species might not be found in
these localities already surveyed and has to be surveyed for confirmation.
Considering that occurrence is full Himalayan range and considering its
occupancy in other countries in addition of new records. Since it ccurs in
Pune, Meghalaya and Myanmar, the EOO is justified. Specimens from
Pune not published but confirmed. The new record by Korad and Yardi in
Pune might force Pune population to be considered fragmented. In
Afghanistan, bombing could have affected the species. Normally it was
recorded at higher altitudes from 1500-2000m. However there are
records of collection from 300 and 600m. There is seasonal migration
during breeding season in Myanmar [Swe]. Mature Individuals in Kashmir
caves - 5000, 2 caves in Afghanistan - 7000 (B&H), so population more
than 10,000. Habitat management is essential in view of recent
developments in Afghanistan. Fragmented population in few locations,
one or two caves have large population.If the entire area is taken into
consideration for distribution (greater than 20,000) and when taken
individually, the criteria would change from Near Threatened to Least
concern (?). - (Paul Bates)
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Blyth, 1856; Dobson, 1872; Dobson, 1873;
Dobson, 1875; Hutson et al., 2001
Compilers
P.J.J. Bates, P.C.M.B. Digana, Y.P. Sinha, E.A.A. Shukkur, K.M. Swe, A.
Thabah, W. Yapa
Reviewers

Y.P. Sinha, Garo hills, Meghalaya, 1992;
A. Thabah in Meghalaya, 2001, Echolocation.
K.M. Swe in Yangon, 2000, Taxonomic studies.
134
Asia
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
34 26
70 25
Lalanda
Pialeh Cave
INDIA
Jammu & Kashmir
Bahmajo Bat Cave
Bhima Devi
34 15
34 40
69 04
70 30
War (occupancy by terrorists)

33 40
33 43
75 23
75 17
Bumzov Cave
Matar Nag
33 56
-
75 24
-
Sinha, 1999
25 32
75 47
Museum labels
A. Thabah, 2001
18 31
73 51
Old buildings
Human Interference
Yardi K.S., 1998-2001
Township area. Only one

specimen was collected in
between two beams in an old
building.
Population number: 1
K.M. Swe, 2000
83 42
AFGHANISTAN
Jalalabad
Meghalaya
Mausami Cave,
Cherrapunji
Siju Cave
Maharashtra
Guruwarpeth
MYANMAR (NORTHERN)
Twin-tae
-

Type locality of longipes
Type locality of theobaldi
NEPAL
Syangja
28 49
135
Synonyms: Vespertilio montivagus Dobson, 1874

Myotis peytoni Wroughton & Ryley, 1913
Ver. 3.1:
VULNERABLE
B2ab(iii); D2
Common name: Burmese Whiskered Bat

Threatened due to restricted area and known only from a few localitites,
which makes it susceptible to threats due to decrease in habitat quality.
Habit: Subterranean refuge, small colonies, insectivorous.
Habitat: Caves and subterranean habitats (non-aquatic)
Uncertainty
Niche: Rocky crevices hill in open country, secondary forest. Up to

1100m.
Distribution
Global: China to India, Myanmar, Malaysia, Indonesia.
Other status
CITES: Not listed
South Asia:
India: Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala

None
Myanmar (Northern)
Recommendations
Research: Survey studies, limiting factor research, basic ecology / habitat
research.
Extent of Occurrence: > 20,000 sq km. Inferred based on literature.

Area of Occupancy: 501-2,000 sq km. Estimated from the likely home
range of small number of colonies in scattered localities.
Locations/subpopulations: 4 / at least 2. Fragmented.
Habitat status: Decrease in quality, habitat loss.
Data source: Field study, literature; observed, suspected; hypothetical.
Threats
Threats to the taxon: Human interference, minor current disturbance at
Gersoppa falls due to tourism.
Data source: Field study, literature; observed, suspected; hypothetical.
Population

Comments
Specimen from southern India is referred as Myotis montivagus peytoni
and that from Myanmar is refered as M. montivagus montivagus (Bates &
Harrison, 1997). There are few locations spread. The number of locations
and the colonies are very scattered. Human disturbance in two out of four
localities in southern India due to increasing tourism activity affecting
locality at Gersoppa falls in Karnataka. Small number of colonies, small
numbers in each colony, few localities reported. Based on four locations,
severely fragmented populations, small group size.
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Dobson, 1874; Hutson et al., 2001; Wroughton &
Ryley, 1913
Compilers

Population trend: < 2,500
Data source: Field study; literature; inferred; hypothetical.
Reviewers

A. Madhavan, Calicut, Kerala, 1993, recorded
Asia
INDIA
Andhra Pradesh
Vishakhapatnam district
Karnataka
Gersoppa Falls
136
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
Asia
Kerala
Anakkampoyle
17 42 83 24 Eastern ghats - Lamkapakalu

and Ananathgiri
14 12 74 42 Type locality of peytoni. 400m.
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
11 14 75 44 Subeterranean refuge in a hillock

in a village outside secondary
forest Madhavan, 1993
MYANMAR (NORTHERN)
Adung Valley
28 10 97 40 Bates & Harrison, 1997
Synonyms: Vespertilio muricola Gray, 1846

Vespertilio blanfordi Dobson, 1871,
Vespertilio caliginosus Tomes, 1859,
Common names: Nepalese Whiskered Bat
National Status
Sri Lanka: Data Deficient
Ver. 3.1:
Habit: Insectivorous, colonial
Habitat: Montane forests, hilly forests
LEAST CONCERN
Uncertainty
Niche: Caves, tightly rolled banana leaves. 1230 - 2700m.

Distribution
Global: Afghanistan, India, Nepal, Myanmar, Pakistan
South Asia:
India: Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Jharkhand,
Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Uttaranchal, West Bengal
Nepal
Pakistan: NWFP, Punjab
Sri Lanka
Afghanistan
Myanmar (Northern)
Other status
CITES: Not listed
Pakistan: Murree National Park; Nepal: Langtung National Park
Recommendations
Research: Survey

Habitat status: >10% decrease in area in the last 10 years due to habitat
alteration. Decrease in quality due to habitat alteration.
Comments
Note that Korad indicated > 50% projected population decline from Pune
which does not meet the group consensus. > 20 site locations. There are
22 sites, with 8 individuals in each, and probable occurrence throughout
the range. Species can reduce due to habitat alterations and scientific
collections.
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Dobson, 1871; Gray, 1846; Hutson et al., 2001;
Tomes, 1859
Data source: Literature; Inferred.

Threats
Threats to the taxon: Habitat loss, habitat destruction. The influence on
the population well understood, not reversible and have not ceased to be
a threat.
Compilers
Srinivasulu
Reviewers
Rest of participants
Data source: Indirect information, literature; Inferred.

Population
Population trend: <10% decline in the population likely in the next 5 years.
Data source: Field study, literature; inferred; range of opinion.

V.S. Korad and K. Yardi in Pune, 1998-2001, Faunistic survey.
137
Distribution in South Asia, Afghanistan and Myanmar based on literature

Asia
AFGHANISTAN
Kamdesh
INDIA
Assam
Lokra
Himachal Pradesh
Chamba
Dalhousie
Samayala
Simla
Jammu & Kashmir
Anantnag
Kokernag
Pahlgam
Jharkhand
Chota Nagpur
Meghalaya
Konshnong
Sikkim
Jeluk
Lachen
Laching
Sedonchen
West Bengal
Gairibas
Ghum
Kolkata
Maharashtra
Pune (?)
138
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
35 25
71 26
26 50
92 46
32 33
32 32
32 04
31 07
76 10
76 01
76 16
77 09

33 44
33 41
34 01
75 11
75 13
75 25

23 12
84 14
25 30
92 01
27 46
27 42
27 15
88 36
88 48
88 48

27 02
27 02
22 35
88 15
88 20
88 21

18 31
73 51
Dry Tropical forests, Pune

corporation limits.
Asia
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
Habitat alterration
Kranti, K.D. & Yardi, V.S,
1998-2001
Uttaranchal
Dehra Dun
Deori
30 19
29 36
78 03
79 40
Mussoorie
30 26
Phurkia
30 12
MYANMAR (NORTHERN)
Akyab
20 09
NEPAL
Kathmandu Valley
27 42
78 04
80 03

Named as darjelingensis in
Wroughton, 1914
92 55
85 12
Kontoum
Langtang
Those
PAKISTAN
NWFP
Karakar Pass
Shogran
Punjab
Dunga Gali
Gharial
Murree
SRI LANKA
No exact location
28 14
27 36
85 36
86 05
type locality of muricola

34 26
34 37
72 13
73 28

34 03
33 55
33 55
77 22
73 27
73 26

Doubtful record in Blandford,

1888-91

Synonyms: Vespertilio mystacinus Kuhl, 1819
Vespertilio pallidiventris Hodgson, 1844
Vespertilio nipalensis Dobson, 1871
Myotis meinertzhageni Thomas, 1926

Ver. 3.1:
VULNERABLE
D1
Very few numbers estimated to exist in South Asia, few localities and
continuing decline in numbers. Recent Afghanistan war could have
fragmented the South Asian populations from the rest, hence categorized
as Vulnerable.
Common name: Whiskered Bat

Habit: Insectivorous (mainly Lepidoptera)
Habitat: Desert, semidesert, warm tropical lowland, montane forest.
National Status
India: Vulnerable
Nepal: Vulnerable
Pakistan: Vulnerable
D1
D1
D1
Niche: 20-3015m.
Distribution
Global: India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and most of paleoarctic regions
South Asia:
India: Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Meghalaya, West Bengal
Nepal
Uncertainty
Other status
CITES: Not listed
None
Afghanistan
Recommendations
Research: Survey

Area of Occupancy: > 2,000 sq km. Estimated based on 10 km foraging
radius and > 20 locations.
Habitat status: < 10% decrease in area in the past 10 years due to habitat
Comments
Assuming 20 locations and 50 individuals. Based on studies in Europe.
Assuming Afghanistan locations are threatened due to war.
Records/Collections (BNHS, 1922-24 in Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim; ZSI,
1916 in Darjeeling). Restricted distribution.
Data source: Literature, Field study; Inferred

Threats
Threats to the taxon: Habitat loss, human interference. The influence on
a threat.
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Dobson, 1871; Kuhl, 1819; Hodgson, 1844;
Hutson et al., 2001; Thomas, 1926
Compilers
S. Mistry, K.R. Senacha, C. Srinivasulu
Data source: Literature, Field study; Inferred; range of opinion

Reviewers
Population
Population trend: < 10% decline in the population likely in the next 5
years.

V.S. Korad and K. Yardi in Pune, 1998-2001, Faunistic survey
139
Distribution in South Asia and Afghanistan based on literature.

Asia
AFGHANISTAN
Kabul
Kunduz
Maimana
Mazar-i-Sharif
INDIA
Himachal Pradesh
Chirot
Jammu & Kashmir

Junction of NubraShyok rivers
Rambon
Shikargarh
Sirguffara
Meghalaya
Cherrapunji
140
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
34 30
36 47
35 54
36 43
69 10
68 51
64 43
67 05

32 40
77 10
named as muricola in Lindsay,

1927ii
33 15
33 44
-
75 18
75 11
-
type locality of meinertzhageni

25 16
91 42
Asia
Mawphlang
West Bengal
Choka
Darjeeling
Hasimara
NEPAL
Kathmandu
PAKISTAN
NWFP
Dir
Shogran
Kaghan Valley (lower)
Punjab
Dunga Gali
Murree Hills, Punjab,
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
25 25
92 13
27 30
27 02
26 52
88 20
88 20
89 48

named as muricola in
Wroughton, 1917a
27 42
85 12
type locality of nipalensis

35 12
34 37
37 47
71 52
73 28
73 32

34 03
33 55
77 22
73 26

VULNERABLE
Common names: Mandelli's Mouse-eared Bat
Ver. 3.1:
Habit: Riverbank, valley
Highly restricted in distribution with continuing decline in habitat predicted,

which could affect the population in future.
VULNERABLE
B2ab(iii)
Habitat: Hilly forests

National Status
India: Endangered
Nepal: Vulnerable
Niche: 1350m.
Distribution
Global: Endemic to South Asia (India, Nepal)
B2ab(iii)
B2ab(iii)
Uncertainty
South Asia:
India: Sikkim, West Bengal
Nepal
Other status
Red List of Threatened Species (2000): Vulnerable A2c; D2
Microchiroptera Action Plan (Global): Vulnerable A2c; D2
CITES: Not listed

Locations/subpopulations: 6-7 / not known. Contiguous.
Habitat status: < 10% decrease in area likely in the next 5 years due to
habitat alterations and deforestation around Annapurna Conservation
area (Nepal).

Nepal: Annapurna Conservation area
Recommendations
Research: Survey

Threats
Threats to the taxon: Habitat loss, deforestation, human interference
Population
Comments
Endemic to Indian subcontinent. No fluctuation because four locations
have been known since 1960 and there is no indication of increase or
decrease. Additional information on distribution reported by Shrestha
based on indirect information.
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Hutson et al., 2001; Shrestha, 1997; Thomas,
1915

Compilers
Srinivasulu
Data source: Museum record
Reviewers

Shrestha, T.K. in Annapurna Conservation area, Nepal, 1997-99. Mammals of Nepal

Lat.
Asia
INDIA
Sikkim
Rongli
27 17
West Bengal
Pashok
NEPAL
Banss Bahari
Godavari
Annapurna
Conservation area
Long.
Notes/Sources
88 45
type locality of sicarius

27 04
88 24
27 48
27 34
-
84 57
85 24
-

Indirect information, Eco survey
in Gandaki zone
Deforestation
Shrestha, 1999
141

Synonyms: Vespertilio siligorensis Horsfield, 1855
?Verpertilio darjilingensis Horsfield, 1855

Ver. 3.1:
NEAR THREATENED
Common names: Himalayan Whiskered Bat, Siliguri Bat

Change in habitat quality is a major cause of concern for this species.
National Status
Habit: Insectivorous, colonial (small groups).

Habitat: Montane temperate forests.
Uncertainty
Niche: Caves. 14-2717m.

Distribution
Global: India, Myanmar, China, Vietnam, Indonesia to Borneo
South Asia:
India: Meghalaya, Sikkim, Uttaranchal, West Bengal
Nepal
Other status
CITES: Not listed
None
Myanmar (Northern)
Recommendations
Research: Survey
Locations/subpopulations: About 10 / not known. Fragmented.
Comments
Korad lists this species from Pune (?). According to Korad change in
habitat approx. 80% primarily due to human interference. Population
trends based on 7 individuals per colony at 11 locations. This estimate
maybe highly conservative and not representative of a true population.
Mistry and Sreepada strongly disagree with the status because it is based
upon unreliable population estimate.
Habitat status: < 10% decrease in area in the last 5 due to habitat
destruction. Decrease in quality due to habitat destruction.
Data source: Literature, indirect information; inferred.
Threats
Population
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Horsfield, 1855; Hutson et al., 2001
Compilers
Srinivasulu
Reviewers

Population trend: > 10,000. There is decline in the population in the past.
<10% decline likely in the next 5 years.
Data source: Field study, literature; observed; range of opinion

V.S. Korad and Kranti, Pune, 1998-2000
Distribution in South Asia and Myanmar based on literature and field sightings
Asia
INDIA
Meghalaya
Konshnong
Sikkim
Bakkim
Uttaranchal
Dwali
Dogalbita
Mussoorie
142
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
25 30
92 01
27 30
88 30
29 36
30 22
30 26
79 40
79 19
78 04

Lat.
Asia
West Bengal
Siliguri
26 42
Ghum
27 02
MYANMAR (NORTHERN)
Hai Bum
26 02
Adung Valley
28 10
NEPAL
Kathmandu Valley
27 42
Long.
88 30
Notes/Sources
88 20
type locality of siligorensis

95 52
97 40

85 12

Synonym: Vespertilio leisleri
Kuhl, 1819
Common names: Hairy-armed Bat, Leisler's Bat
Ver. 3.1:
Very few numbers in South Asia with continuing decline observed in

habitat and inferred for population.
ENDANGERED
Habit: Insectivorous, piscivore (?), riverine.

National Status
India: Endangered
Pakistan: Endangered
Habitat: Montane forests, riparian.
D
D
Niche: Hollow trees/1380-2370m.

Distribution
Global: Afghanistan, India, Pakistan, Palearctic east to about 80 degrees
South Asia:
India: Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttaranchal
Afghanistan
Uncertainty
Other status
CITES: Not listed
None

Recommendations
Research: Survey studies

Habitat status: < 10% decrease in area in the last 5 years due to habitat
Data source: Literature, indirect information; inferred; range of opinion.
Comments
The genus Nyctalus is known to migrate. Europe colony size 60-200 and
about a maximum of 40 individuals per colony, in 7 locations estimated for
South Asian region. Based on small numbers of records observed over a
long length at the foothills of Himalayas and Nagaland of a species with
long foraging range.
Threats
Threats to the taxon: Habitat loss, habitat alteration. The influence on the
population well understood, not reversible and have not ceased to be a
threat.
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Hutson et al., 2001; Kuhl, 1819; Walker, 1983
Data source: Literature, indirect information; inferred; 95% confidence.
Compilers
Srinivasulu
Population
Reviewers
Mature individuals: <250. <10% decline in the number of mature

individuals likely in the future.
Data source: Observed, inferred

None

Asia
AFGHANISTAN
Kamdesh
INDIA
Himachal Pradesh
Simla
Jammu & Kashmir
Pahlgam
Uttar Pradesh
Dogalbita
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
35 25
71 26
31 07
77 09
34 01
75 25
30 22
79 19
Asia
Katarmal
PAKISTAN
NWFP
Kululai
Yakh Tangai
Punjab
Gharial
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
29 36
79 40
possibly referable to N.
montanus (Bhat, 1974)
35 18
34 34
72 35
71 57

33 55
73 27
143
Synonym: Pterygistes montanus Barrett-Hamilton, 1906
Common name: Mountain Noctule
Ver. 3.1:
Widely distributed but habitat and population under threat due to human
interference.
NEAR THREATENED
Habit: Insectivorous, also feeds on fish near riverbanks.

Habitat: Riparian (keeps near waterside), floodplains and riverine.
Niche: Arid flood plain, rock cliff and crevices and overhanging vegetation
during sunny days. 680-1692m.
Distribution
Global: Afghanistan, India, Nepal
National Status
Uncertainty
Other status
CITES: Not listed
South Asia:
India: Himachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal
Nepal

None
Afghanistan
Recommendations
Research: Survey, ecology.


Locations/subpopulations: 7 / not known. Fragmented.
Habitat status: <10% decrease in area in the past 5 years due to
deforestation, human activity and quarrying. Decrease in quality due to
deforestation, ethno-medicine and quarry (anthropogenic activities).
Threats
Threats to the taxon: Traditional medicine, habitat loss, deforestation,
quarrying and mining. Threats will result in population decline. The
influence on the population well understood, not reversible and have not
Trade: Local trade for meat and ethnomedicine.
Comments
Endemic to the Indian subcontinent. WWF India - reports this species to
be "not uncommon in Kashmir". Decline in population due to ill effects of
pesticides, ethnomedicine and habitat alteration [Shrestha]
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Barrett-Hamilton, 1906; WWF India; Hutson et
al., 2001; Shrestha, 1997.
Compilers
Srinivasulu
Reviewers
Data source: Field study, observed.

Population

Shrestha in Nepal, 1994
Distribution in South Asia and Afghanistan based on literature and recent field sightings
Asia
AFGHANISTAN
Ismael Khel
Jalalabad
INDIA
Himachal Pradesh
Chamba
Uttaranchal
Mussoorie
144
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
Asia
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
33 20 69 10 Bates & Harrison, 1997

34 26 70 25 Bates & Harrison, 1997
NEPAL
Dang-Deokhuri
Dhang valley
Rapti river
32 33 76 10 Bates & Harrison, 1997

30 26 78 04 type locality of montanus
28 09 82 17 Bates & Harrison, 1997

Shrestha, 1999
Riverine habitat
Collected for Ethnomedicine
Population number: >15
Shrestha, 1999
Synonyms: Vespertilio noctula Schreber, 1774

?Vesperugo (N.) plancyi Gerbe, 1880
Vespertilio labiata Hodgson, 1835
Common names: Noctule
National Status
Ver. 3.1:
LEAST CONCERN
Habit: Insectivorous, colonial, migratory

Habitat: Buildings, temples, montane forests, oak forests
Niche: Hollow trees, cellars, old ruins, rock crevices, haunted houses,
feeds over wetlands, woodlands and pastures in Europe. 577-1231m.
Distribution
Global: India, Nepal, Myanmar
South Asia:
India, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Nagaland, Sikkim,
Nepal
Pakistan: NWFP
Uncertainty
Other status
CITES: Not listed
None
Recommendations
Research: Survey
Myanmar (Northern)
Comments
Known to migrate (up to 2000 km) in Europe and Russia. Actual estimate
of population 8760 based on colony size of 40 individuals in 19 locations.
Habibi refers to its occurrence in Afghanistan

Habitat status: < 10 decrease in area likely in the next 5 years due to
habitat change. Decrease in quality due to habitat alteration.
Threats
Threats to the taxon: Habitat loss
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Gerbe, 1880; Hodgson, 1835; Hutson et al.,
2001; Schreber, 1774-1785; Sinha, 1999.
Compilers
Srinivasulu
Reviewers

Population
Mature individuals: > 10,000. <10% decline in the number of mature
individuals likely in the next 5 years.
Population trend: Decline predicted in the next 5 years.

S. Mistry in Hee Gyathang, Sikkim, 1992
145
Asia
INDIA
Himachal Pradesh
Kangra
Mandi
Jammu & Kashmir
Pandrittan
Pompour
Punch
Nagaland
Mokokchung
Sikkim
Hee Gyathang
Lingtam
Uttaranchal
Gwaldam
146
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
32 04
31 43
76 16
76 55

34 08
33 46
74 53
74 08

26 20
94 30
Montane forest
S. Mistry, 1992
30 04
79 33
Lat.
Asia
West Bengal
Sangser
27 04
Tong Song
27 04
MYANMAR (NORTHERN)
Chin Hills (60 mi West)
23 40
Mahtum
26 06
Tamanthe
25 20
NEPAL
Kathmandu Valley
27 42
Godavari
Gari
Nuwakot
PAKISTAN
NWFP
Kohat
Long.
Notes/Sources
88 30
88 24

94 15
97 58
95 18

85 12
27 34
28 09
85 24
83 52
type locality of labiata

33 34
71 26
CRITICALLY ENDANGERED in South Asia
Synonyms: Nyctinomus wroughtoni Thomas, 1913
Common names: Wroughton's Free-tailed Bat
Ver. 3.1:
Family: Molossidae
Highly restricted area with roost disturbance as a threat to the species.
Habit: Cave dweller, insectivorous, diurnal (?).
1997 C.A.M.P. (Ver. 2.3): Critically Endangered
Habitat: Natural caves; Tropical rainforest; natural caves.
Uncertainty
B2ab(iii)
Niche: Narrow cracks and deep hollows in roof. 800m.

Other status
Red List of Threatened Species (2000): Critically Endangered B1+2c
Microchiroptera Action Plan (Global): Critically Endangered B1+2c
CITES: Not listed
Distribution
Global: India, Cambodia
South Asia:
India: Karnataka, Meghalaya

None
Extent of Occurrence: < 5,000 sq km.

Recommendations
Research: Survey, limiting factor research, basic ecology. PHVA.
Habitat status: >10% decrease in area in the last 5 years. Decrease in

quality due to roost disturbance
Captive breeding: Information not available with this group.
Data source: Census/monitoring, field study, indirect information;

observed; 95% confidence
Threats
Threats to the taxon: Human interference, research collections. The
Data source: Census/monitoring, field study, indirect information;
observed.
Population
Population trend: Stable. <10% decline in the population likely in the
future.
Data source: Census monitoring, field study, literature; inferred; 95%
confidence.
Comments
Species easy to identify. Only one specimen was collected from
Meghalaya using mist net. The population might be larger. Recorded at
Barapede cave, Karnataka, South India; one record in northeastern India
and one record in Cambodia. Meghalaya specimen needs authentication.
Genetic research is currently being conducted to determine whether the
SW, NE Indian populations are related and how these are related to the
specimen recently collected from Combodia. Probably Barpede and
Meghalaya specimens belong to two different populations. At Barapede,
construction activities can submerge foraging areas and other roosting
sites. Main threat is loss of roost site and disturbance at the roost. No loss
of roost site was observed (M.S. Pradhan). Single population in need of
special attention. If any activity detrimental to the location occurs it may
wipe out the entire population of the species. More collections from the
area recently. Barpede population as per A. Thabah's study last summer
(2001). Population can decline due to habitat destruction in future. If any
activity detrimental to one location occurs it may wipeout the entire
population of the species. Collection for the purpose of biochemical,
genetical, cytological, histological, physiological studies etc. research has
to be discouraged for next 5-10 years since the population is very small
and stable and is occurring in limited habitat.
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Brosset, 1962; Hutson et al., 2001; Thomas,
1913.
Compilers
D.P.S. Doss, V. Elangovan, A.M. Hutson, D.S. Joshi, G.H. Koli, A.
Madhavan, K. Nathar, P. Padmanabhan, M.S. Pradhan, Y.S. Priya, P.J.E.
Pandaranayaka, Y.P. Sinha, K.D. Yardi
Reviewers

P.J.J. Bates, et al., 1992, Barapede Caves, Talawadi, Belgaum, Karnataka
R. Krishnan, Barepede caves, Karnataka
A. Thabah, Meghalaya, 2001
S. Mistry & Parab, Barapede, July 2001, Population monitoring of Otomops
M. Muni, Barapede caves, Belgaum, 1992, Survey of bats
Ramakrishna and M.S. Pradhan in Barapade cave, March 2002. Status survey of O. wroughtonii in and around Barpade cave.
147

Distribution in Lat.
South Asia
INDIA
Karnataka
Barapede cave 15 25
148
Long.
Notes/Sources
74 22 Barapede cave is located 0.5 km from

Talewadi near Belgaum.
Specimen collection, proposed
construction of dam and mining activities,
which will impact the habitat, flooding if
the dam is constructed; roost disturbance.
There has been much collection of
specimens recently.
Population estimate: 40-50
Topal & Ramakrishna, 1980; Y.P. Sinha,
Distribution in
South Asia
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
1992 - roost disturbance
M. Muni and P.J.J. Bates, 1992
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Ramakrishna &
M.S. Pradhan, 2002;
Meghalaya
Siju cave
Caves
A. Thabah, pers. obs.
Otonycteris hemprichii Peters, 1859
Synonyms: Otonycteris cinereus Satunin, 1919
Common name: Hemiprichs Long-eared Bat
Ver. 3.1:
Although widespread and many locations, the species is under thrat from
habitat loss. Mature individuals are thought to be less than 2500, but
there is no justification.
Habitat: Steppe Mountain, Upland desert, dry, deciduous woodland

Niche: Rock crevices. Upto 2700m.
NEAR THREATENED
National Status
Distribution
Global: India, Pakistan, Afghanistan
Uncertainty
South Asia:
India: Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh
Pakistan
Other status
Microchiroptera Action Plan (Global): Not Evaluated
CITES: Not listed
Afghanistan

None

Locations/subpopulations: 9 / many.
Recommendations
Research: Survey
Habitat status: Habitat loss, change in quality of habitat.

Threats
Threats to the taxon: Habitat loss, human interference
Comments
Widespread species in an abundant habitat that is not threatened
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Hutson et al., 2001, Peters, 1859, Satunin, 1919
Population
Compilers
Srinivasulu

Data source: Indirect information; literature; Inferred.
Reviewers

None

Asia
AFGHANISTAN
Maimana
Mazar-i-Sharif
Nauabad - Bagrami
INDIA
Jammu & Kashmir
Srinagar
Baderwah
Himachal Pradesh
Nagrota
PAKISTAN
Chitral (9.6km south of)
Gilgit
Gupis Valley
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
35 54
36 43
34 30
64 43
67 05
69 10

34 08
-
74 50
-

32 03
76 24
35 54
36 13
74 20
73 27

149
Synonyms: Philetor rohui Thomas, 1902

Eptesicus verecundus Chasen, 1940
Ver. 3.1:
VULNERABLE
B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)
Common names: Rohu's Bat

Restricted in distribution with threats to habitat due to deforestation.
Habitat quality has decreased and population likely to decline in future.
Habit: Forest dweller, insectivore
National Status
India: Endangered
Nepal: Vulnerable
Habitat: Montane forest

Niche: Hollow trees including coconut palms. 585-1846m.
Distribution
Global: Indonesia, Nepal, New British island, New Guinea, Philippines,
Western Malaysia
South Asia:
India: Sikkim
Nepal
B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)
B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)
Uncertainty
Other status
CITES: Not listed
None

Recommendations
Research: Survey, ecological research.
Locations/subpopulations: 3 / 3. Contiguous.
Management: Habitat management, monitoring, public awareness.
Habitat status: < 10% decrease in area in the past 10 years due to human
interference. Decrease in quality due to human interference.
Data source: Indirect information; suspected.

Threats
Threats to the taxon: Habitat loss, deforestation. The influence on the
population not understood, not reversible and have not ceased to be a
threat.
Population
Population trend: <10% decline in population likely in the next 10 years.
Data source: Indirect information; inferred, predicted.
Comments
Synonyms cited in Bates & Harrison, 1997 is erroneous. Only 3 sites.
Deforestation throughout much of Nepal. Probably very small population
since despite many surveys in the Himalayas only 3 specimens have ever
been collected.
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Chasen, 1940; Hutson et al., 2001; Temminck,
1840; Thomas, 1902
Compilers
A. Nobel, J. Koilraj, R. Rajashekar, K. Seedikkoya, T.K. Shrestha, E.A.A.
Reviewers

S. Mistry, Sikkim, India, 1992, Survey

INDIA
Sikkim
Hee Gyathang
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
Montane forest
S. Mistry, 1992
27 35
27 33
85 35
87 17

NEPAL
Barabisse
Num
150
Synonyms: Vespertilio abramus Temminck, 1840
Common names: Japanese Pipistrelle
Ver. 3.1:
1997 C.A.M.P. (Ver 2.3): Not Evaluated
Habit: Insectivorous, probably small colony
Uncertainty
DATA DEFICIENT
Habitat: Not known

Niche: 396m.
Distribution
Global: China, India, Japan, Korea, Russia, Taiwan, Vietnam
Other status
CITES: Not listed
None
South Asia:
India: Arunachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh
Myanmar (Northern): North Shan
Recommendations
Research: Survey
Comments
Only known from museum specimens that were later identified as Pipistrellus
abramus. Recent specimen was collected from Allahabad.

Data source: Literature, Museum; Observed; 95% confidence
Sources
Temminck, 1840; Das & Sinha, 1995; Hutson et al., 2001; Sinha, 1999;
Srinivasulu & Srinivasulu, 2001
Compilers
Srinivasulu
Threats
Threats: Not known
Population
Reviewers


None
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
INDIA
Arunachal Pradesh
Rotung, Abor
Abor = Adi hills

Sinha, Y.P., 1999
Uttar Pradesh
Allahabad
25 57
81 50
Das & Sinha, 1995,

Srinivasulu &
Srinivasulu, 2001
Das & Sinha, 1995,

Sinha, 1999, Srinivasulu
& Srinivasulu, 2001
MYANMAR (NORTHERN)
North Shan state
Namkam
-
151
Pipistrellus affinis (Dobson, 1871)

Synonyms: Vesperugo (Pipistrellus) affinis Dobson, 1871
Pipistrellus mordax Phillips, 1980

Ver. 3.1:
NEAR THREATENED
Common names: Chocolate Pipistrelle, Grizzled Pipistrelle
Habit: Insectivore, low flying, hibernates (?), emerges early
Although widely distributed the habitat is under threat and the factors
affecting the habitat have not ceased. Decline in population size can be
expected since there were no recent sightings from Kerala, Meghalaya and
Sri Lanka. The number of locations may be declining.
Habitat: Highlands (?)
Ver 2.3: Data Deficient
Niche: Cracks and small holes in tree trunks, roofs of manmade

buildings. 1400-2000m.
National Status
Sri Lanka: Near Threatened
Distribution
Global: China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Tibet
South Asia:
India: Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal
Nepal
Sri Lanka: Central Province, Uva Province
Myanmar (Northern)
Uncertainty
Other status
CITES: Not listed
None
Recommendations
Research: Survey, life history, basic ecological studies.

Habitat status: Decrease in habitat < 10% likely in the next 10 years
due to human interference. Decrease in quality
Data source: Field study, literature; inferred; 95% confidence
Threats
Threats to the taxon: Human interference. The influence on the
population not well understood, not reversible and have not ceased to
be a threat.
Population
Mature individuals: < 2,500. <10% decline likely in the next 10 years.
Population trend: <10% decline in the population in the past 10 years
Data source: Field study & literature; observed & inferred.
Comments
This species was not recorded by Yapa & Digana in Sri Lanka, 1996-1999,
(ecological survey), Shrestha in Nepal, 1999-2001 and Padmanabhan &
Madhavan in Kerala. Wide distribution, in 6 countries. The number of
locations may decline and hence the population numbers. Small colonies (56), which leads to the current estimation on population numbers.
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Dobson, 1871; Hutson et al., 2001; Phillips, 1980;
Sharma & Sharma, 1969.
Compilers
A.C. Girish, J.K. Immanuel, S. Kandula, V.S. Korad, G. Nair, P.T. Nathan, A.
Nobel, J. Koilraj, R. Rajashekar, K. Seedikkoya, T.K. Shrestha, E.A.A.
Reviewers
Rest of the participant

V.S. Korad & K.D. Yardi in Pune (?) in Maharashtra, 1998-2001, Ecological study of bats in Pune.
152
Distribution in
South Asia
INDIA
Kerala
Wynaad
Maharashtra
Nandal
Nanded
Pune (?)
Tamil Nadu
Kotagiri
Uttar Pradesh
Kumaon
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
11 45
76 02
19 11
18 31
77 21
73 51
Pathak & Sharma, 1969

Old stoney buildings and crevices
Human interference; loss of
habitat
11 21
76 54
30 03
79 17
Distribution in
Lat.
South Asia
West Bengal
Gopaldhara
26 59
Kolkata
22 35
Kurseong
26 54
SRI LANKA
Central Province
Nuwara Eliya
06 58
Uva Province
Haputale (west)
06 46
NEPAL
Najarkot
27 42
MYANMAR (NORTHERN)
Bhamo
24 15
Long.
Notes/Sources
88 17
88 21
88 21

80 46
80 58
85 20
97 15
type loc. of affinis

153
Common names: Cadornae's Pipistrelle, Thomas's Pipistrelle
Ver. 3.1:
It is present only in 2 fragmented locations. Since threats are not properly

known, as a precaution this is categorized as Near Threatened.
NEAR THREATENED
Habitat: Urban area near river, mountain valley, hills

Data Deficient
1997 C.A.M.P. (Ver. 2.3):

Niche: Crevices in old buildings.
Uncertainty
Distribution
Global: India, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam
Other status
CITES: Not listed
South Asia:
India: Maharashtra (?), West Bengal
Myanmar (Northern)

None

Recommendations
Research: Survey, life history
Threats
Threats to the taxon: Human interference, building renovation in Pune
threats in the past.
Comments
Pune report needs to be confirmed. Fairly widespread geographical range.
Rate of predation is high in Pipistrelles. Colony size in Pune 6 individuals
only existing up to date information. Probably a forest dwelling species with a
threat of habitat loss. There are chances of getting more colonies if proper
survey is carried out in Pune [Korad & Yardi].
Population
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Hutson et al., 2001; Thomas, 1916
Compilers
P. Bates, P.C.M.B. Digana, S. Kandula, G. Nair, R. Rajashekar, E.A.A.
Data source: Field study, literature; inferred.
Reviewers

Korad, V.S. and Yardi, K.D., Karve's Mahilashram Hingane (?) , Pune, Maharashtra, India, 1999-2000, Ecological study and faunistic survey of bats in
Pune city.
Asia
INDIA
Maharashtra
Karve's Mahilashram
Hingane
154
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
18 31
73 51
Crevices of old building,

urban area near river
Renovation of building
may disturb colony
Korad, V.S. & K.D.Yardi,
1999
Asia
West Bengal
Pashok
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
27 04
88 24
type locality of cadornae

MYANMAR (NORTHERN)
Htingnan
26 36
Ningma
26 36
Tasa Hku
-
97 53
97 45
-

Synonyms: Scotophilus ceylonicus Kelaart, 1852

Pipistrellus ceylonicus subcanus Thomas, 1915
Pipistrellus chrysothrix Wroughton, 1899
Vesperugo indicus Dobson, 1878
Ver. 3.1:
Common names: Bengali: Kelaarter Chamchika; English: Kelaart's

Pipistrelle
LEAST CONCERN
Widely distributed species, many locations, well adapted to changes and no

influence of threats on the population identified.
National Status
Habitat: Tropical thorn to highlands
Niche: Tree holes, cracks in walls, wells, temples, roller blinds. 2153m.
Distribution
Global: Bangladesh, China, India, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka,
Vietnam, northern Borneo
Uncertainty
Other status
CITES: Not listed
South Asia:
Bangladesh
India: Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala,
Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, West
Bengal
Pakistan
Sri Lanka: Central Province, Eastern Province, Uva Province, Western
Province

None
Myanmar (Northern)
Extent of Occurrence: > 20,000 sq km
Comments
Many populations located in large number of sites in India and Sri Lanka.
Although threats have been sighted / identified, many researchers think that
there will be no influence on the population considering their huge numbers.
Area of Occupancy: > 2000 sq km
Recommendations
Research: Survey
Locations/subpopulations: Many
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Dobson, 1878; Harshey & Chandra, 2001; Hutson et
al., 2001; Kelaart, 1852. 1853; Khan, 2001; Nagulu et al., 2000; Rao et al.,
2000; Srinivasulu & Nagulu, 2002
Thomas, 1915; Wroughton, 1899

Threats
Threats to the taxon: Exploitation, hunting, hunting for medicine. The
influence on the population well understood, not reversible and have
not ceased to be a threat.
Compilers
A.C. Girish, J.K. Immanuel, S. Kandula, V.S. Korad, G. Nair, P.T. Nathan, A.
Nobel, J. Koilraj, R. Rajashekar, K. Seedikkoya, T.K. Shrestha, E.A.A.
Trade:
Population
Reviewers

Population trend: Trends not known.
Data source: Literature; inferred, suspected

Bates et al., Rajkot, 1992 BNHS, many locations, 1901-1924 ZSI, many locations, 1978-80
W. Yapa & P.C.M.B. Bandara. Sri Lanka. 1996-1999. Ecological survey
C. Srinivasulu in Andhra Pradesh, 1995 onwards, Documentation of Chiropteran diversity in Andhra Pradesh
155
Distribution in
South Asia
BANGLADESH
no exact location
Widespread
INDIA
Andhra Pradesh
Andra Pradesh
(throughout)
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources

Khan, 2001
Visakhapatnam
Bihar
Chota Nagpur
Dhanbad
Luia
Goa
Mol
Gujarat
Ahmedabad
Anand
Baroda
Bhuj
Broach
Bulsar
Charwa
Junagadh
Keshod
Khirasara
Mheskatri
17 42
83 24
Southern tropical dry deciduous

forest
Habitat loss
23 12
23 47
22 29
84 14
86 32
85 15

15 20
74 15
23 03
22 34
22 19
23 12
21 40
20 36
23 12
21 31
21 17
22 18
21 10
72 40
73 01
73 14
69 54
73 02
73 03
69 54
70 28
71 32
70 53
72 54
Rajkot
Rajpipla
Sasan
Talala
Yalala
22 18
21 49
21 00
21 00
21 31
70 56
73 36
70 40
70 39
70 28

type locality of chrysothrix
type locality of subcanus
Karnataka
Astoli
Bangalore
Bellary
Dharwar
Gadag
Haleri
Honawar
Jellopur
Kadakola
15 26
12 58
15 11
15 30
15 26
12 31
14 19
15 00
12 18
74 30
77 35
76 54
75 04
75 42
75 40
74 27
74 45
76 37
Kyasanur
Mangalore
12 54
74 51
Mercara
Seringapatnam
Sirsi
Sivasamudram
Srimangala
Vijayanagar
Wotekolli
Kerala
Thrissur
Wynaad
Madhya Pradesh
Jabalpur
Mandu
Maharashtra
Ajanta
Andheri
12 29
12 25
14 40
12 16
12 01
15 20
12 00
75 46
76 41
74 51
77 08
76 00
76 28
76 00

Holes & crevices of old buildings
Sreepada K.S., 1987-93
Holes & crevices of old buildings
Habitat destruction
Bhat and Sreenivasan, 1990
type locality of indicus
10 32
11 45
76 14
76 02

22 22
75 24

20 30
19 07
75 48
72 50

156
Distribution in
South Asia
Aurangabad
Bandra
Belgaon
Bombay
Chikalda
Helwak
Junnar
Karla
Lanje
Lonavla
Nagpur
Nanded
Nasik
Panchgani
Pune
Lat.
Long.
19 52
19 04
18 56
21 29
17 23
19 15
18 48
18 45
21 10
19 11
20 00
17 56
18 31
75 22
72 58
72 51
77 12
73 47
73 58
73 30
73 27
79 12
77 21
73 52
73 49
73 51
Satara
17 43
Thana
19 14
Orissa
Koraput
18 48
Sambalpur
21 28
Sundargarh
22 04
Rajasthan
Mount Abu
24 41
Tamil Nadu
Nilgiri Hills
11 28
West Bengal
Kolkata
25 00
MYANMAR (NORTHERN)
Pyaunggaung
22 38
PAKISTAN
Karachi
24 51
Khanewal
30 18
Landhi
24 51
Lyallpur
31 25
Malir
24 59
Thatta
24 45
SRI LANKA
Central Province
Dambulla
07 51
Dikoya
06 52
Kandy
07 17
Madulkele
07 22
Nuwara Eliya
06 58
Rattota
07 31
Eastern Province
Trincomalee
08 34
74 05
73 02

B & H, 1997
Crevices in old buildings
Habitat loss & human interference
82 41
84 04
84 08

72 50
76 42
93 00
97 22
67 02
76 51
67 16
73 07
67 13
67 56

80 40
80 36
80 40
80 42
80 46
80 41

81 13
type locality of ceylonicus

06 50
06 46
06 50
81 00
80 58
80 47
06 55
06 50
06 58
81 07
80 50
81 09

Tree holes
Hunting
Yapa & Bandara, 1996-2000
06 35
79 59
Highlands, cracks & crevices

Hunting
Uva Province
Bandaraawela
Haputale
Horton Plains
Namunukula
Ohiya
Passara
Western Province
Kalutara
Unknown province
Talawakele
Notes/Sources
Synonyms: Scotophilus coromandra Gray, 1838

Myotis parvipes Blyth, 1853
Scotophilus coromandelianus Blyth, 1863
Vespertilio coromandelicus Blyth, 1851
?Vesperugo blythii Wagner, 1855
?Vesperugo micropus Peters, 1872
Ver. 3.1:
Common names: Bengali: Khudey Chamchika; English: Coromandel

Pipistrelle, Indian Pipistrelle
LEAST CONCERN
National Status
Uncertainty
Habitat: Widely distributed in moist habitats

Niche: Crevices, ceilings, chimneys, tree-holes, under barks, behind
signboards, among tiles of huts; 185-2769m.
Distribution
Global: Afghanistan, China, India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka,
Thailand, Vietnam
South Asia:
Bangladesh: Throughout
India: Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Goa, Gujarat,
Jammu & Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh,
Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Nicobar Islands, Orissa, Sikkim,
Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttaranchal, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal
Nepal
Sri Lanka: Central Province, North Central Province, North Western
Province, Northern Province, Southern Province, Uva Province
Other status
CITES: Not listed
India: Kanha National Park, Madhya Pradesh
Recommendations
Research: Survey
Comments
BNHS, Many locations, 1907-55. Possibly the most common bat in
Bangladesh (Khan, 2001).
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Blyth, 1851, 1853, 1863; Gray, 1838; Harshey &
Chandra, 2001; Hutson et al., 2001; Khan, 2001; Peters, 1872; Wagner,
1855.
Afghanistan
Area of Occupancy: > 2001 sq km
Compilers
Madhavan, G. Marimuthu, K. Nathar, E. Pandaranayaka, P. Patiath, M.S.
Pradhan, Y.S. Priya, H. Raghuram, J. Vanitharani, K.D. Yardi
Data source: Literature, field studies; Inferred, observed, estimated.
Reviewers
Threats
Population

Sinha, Bihar, 1979-81; Surat, 1962
C. Srinivasulu, throughout Andhra Pradesh, 1995 onwards, documentation of Chiropteran diversity
Korad and Yardi, Pune (?), Maharashtra, 1998-2001, ecological study
157
Asia
AFGHANISTAN
Dari-i-Nur
Jalalabad
BANGLADESH
no exact location
Widespread
INDIA
Andhra Pradesh
Throughout Andhra
Pradesh
Arunachal Pradesh
Dreyi
Assam
Golaghat
Sadiya
Palasbari
Rongjuli
Bihar
Aurangabad
Bhagalpur
Bhojpur
Champaran
Gaya
Giridih
Gopalganj
Hazaribagh
Katihar
Madhubani
Munger
Muzaffarpur
Patna
Purnea
Ranchi
Saharsa
Samastipur
Vaishali
Goa
Molem
Gujarat
Deogad
Keshod
Lunwa
Mheskatri
Surat
Jammu & Kashmir
Rambon
Shar
Srinagar
Jharkhand
Palamau
Pargana
Santal Pargana
Singhbhum
Karnataka
Bangalore
Bellary
Dharwar
Hampi
Hawsbhavi
Samasgi
Sivasamudram
158
Lat
Long
Notes/Sources
34 45
34 26
70 30
70 25


Khan, 2001
Found in human settlement

areas.
Habitat loss and fragmentation,
hunting for medicine, pesticides
and pollution
Srinivasulu, C., 1995-onwards
26 30
27 49
26 07
-
93 57
95 38
91 30
-

Museum specimen
Azad Ali
24 46
25 14
25 34
27 06
24 48
24 10
26 28
24 00
25 33
26 21
24 57
26 07
25 37
25 47
23 22
25 54
25 52
25 49
84 23
86 59
84 40
84 29
85 00
86 20
84 26
85 23
87 34
86 05
86 14
85 23
85 12
87 28
85 20
86 36
85 47
85 25

15 20
74 15
21 22
21 17
21 10
21 10
73 25
71 32
72 54
72 54

33 15
33 44
34 08
75 18
75 11
74 50

23 53
24 17
23 30
84 17
87 15
85 50

12 58
15 11
15 30
15 20
14 38
14 40
12 16
77 35
76 54
75 04
76 25
75 22
75 10
77 08

Asia
Srimangala
Vijayanagar
Madhya Pradesh
Balaghat
Jabalpur
Kanha National Park
Mandla
Sohagpur
Maharashtra
Bandra
Mumbai
Pareli
Phonda
Pune
Lat
Long
Notes/Sources
12 01
15 20
76 00
76 28

22 43
78 14

19 04
18 56
19 14
18 31
72 58
72 51
73 02
73 51
Ratnagiri
Tamankud
Meghalaya
Cherrapunji
Konshnong
Nagaland
Koia
Takubama
Nicobar Islands
Car Nicobar
Orissa
Baleshwar
Ganjam
Sundargarh
Sikkim
Mangpu
Rongli
Tamil Nadu
Pondicherry
17 00
-
73 20
-

Old stony buildings.
Loss of habitat
Korad, V.S. and Yardi, K.D.
1998-2001.
25 16
25 30
91 42
92 01

25 35
25 37
94 30
94 32

9 12
92 46
21 31
23 45
22 04
86 59
91 50
84 08

27 17
88 45

11 59
79 50
Samaya Malai
Upper Manalaar
Tripura
Ganganagar
Uttaranchal
Dhakuri
Lwarkhet
Mussoorie
09 55
09 50
78 07
77 24
type locality of coromandra

23 45
91 50
30 00
29 36
30 26
79 56
79 40
78 04
Ramnagar
Uttar Pradesh
Mirzapur
Philibhit
West Bengal
Falta
Gopaldhara
Haldibari
Hasimara
Jalpaiguri
Kolkata
Mathur
Pashok
Pedong
Salbani
Siliguri
Sujapur
NEPAL
Hazaria
Bairia
29 23
79 07

Type locality of parvipes
27 41
28 37
79 33
79 48

22 18
26 59
26 19
26 52
26 30
22 35
27 04
27 02
22 25
26 42
-
88 08
88 17
88 53
89 48
88 50
88 21
88 24
88 20
87 24
88 30
-

26 51
27 00
85 20
85 23

Lat
Asia
Bairaglia
26 45
Barabisse
27 35
SRI LANKA
Central Province
Kumbalgamuwa
07 08
Northern Province
Cheddikulam
08 40
Kankesanturai
09 48
Manampitiya
07 51
Kurenegala
36 47
Southern Province
Nakiadeniya
Uva Province
Bibile
Long
Notes/Sources
85 20
85 35

80 50
80 18
80 03

81 07
68 51
Coconut plantation, degraded

forest lands and urban areas
Yapa & Diganaa, 1996-2000
06 08
80 20
07 09
81 14
Lat
Asia
Passara
06 58
Namunukula
06 55
Western Province
Colombo
06 55
Long
Notes/Sources
81 09
81 07

79 52
Coconut plantation degraded

forestlands and urban areas
W. Yapa and Bandara, 19962000
Unknown province
Monoragala
06 55
79 52
Kegalle
06 55
79 52
159

Synonyms: Scotozous dormeri Dobson, 1875
Scotozous dormeri caurinus Thomas, 1915
LEAST CONCERN

Ver. 3.1:
LEAST CONCERN
Common names: Bengali: Dormerer Chamchika; English: Dormer's Bat

Habit: Occurs in small colonies, insectivorous, nocturnal
National Status
Bhutan: Data Deficient
Habitat: Near/within human habitation.

Niche: Crevices, holes in buildings and trees, under roof tiles. 2000 m.
Distribution
Global: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Pakistan
South Asia:
Bangladesh: Western and northern parts.
Bhutan: Duars
India: Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Jammu &
Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra,
Meghalaya, Nagaland, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura,
Uttaranchal, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal
Pakistan: Punjab, Sind
Uncertainty
Other status
CITES: Not listed
India: Satpura National Park, Madhya Pradesh
Recommendations
Research: Survey, life history, basic ecology, effect of pesticides.
Management: Public awareness

Area of Occupancy: > 2,000sq km.
Locations/subpopulations: Many / not known. Contiguous.
Habitat status: Stable
Data source: Field study, literature, museum; observed.
Threats
Threats to the taxon: Chemical pesticides. The influence on the
threat.
Comments
Though it is recorded mostly near human habitation in one case it is
observed in dry deciduous forest near Hyderabad. Only one museum
record in eastern India (Guwahati, Assam, India). In Madurai the
population is declining whereas in Rajasthan and Bihar it is widely
distributed with increase in population based on field observation; prolific
breeder. Since many colonies / population and locations are spread all
over India except NE area, the assessment is justified. This species
basically depends on agricultural insect pests.
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Dobson, 1875; Harshey & Chandra, 2001;
Hutson et al., 2001; Khan, 2001; Thomas, 1915
Compilers
Population
Reviewers
Population trend: It is increasing.

Data source: Field study, indirect information; inferred.

P.T. Nathan, Madurai, 1985; Balasingh, Tirunelveli, 1990-1997.
Korad, V.S. and Yardi, K.D., Pune, Maharashtra, India, 1999, Survey
Srinivasulu, C., 1995 onwards, Chiropteran diversity of Andhra Pradesh
J. Vanitharani and Jeyapraba, Palayamkottai, 2000-02, Survey in Tirunelveli and role of bats in the ecosystem
160

Distribution in
South Asia
BANGLADESH
Steamer Ghats
Rajshahi
Dinajpur
BHUTAN
Duars
INDIA
Andhra Pradesh
Balapalli
Nallamala Hills
Assam
Guwahati
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
Khan, 2001
Khan, 2001
Khan, 2001
BNHS collections
13 50
-
79 15
-

26 10
91 45
Museum specimen
Azad Ali
25 34
27 06
24 48
84 40
84 29
85 00
Giridih
Hazaribagh
Muzaffarpur
Patna
Rohtas
Samastipur
Singar
Siwan
Sohagpur
Vaishali
Goa
Margao
Gujarat
Anand
Balsar
Bansda
Bhuj
24 10
24 00
26 07
25 37
24 40
25 52
24 48
26 14
22 43
25 49
86 20
85 23
85 23
85 12
83 59
85 47
85 00
84 21
78 14
85 25

BNHS collections
BNHS collections
BNHS collections
15 15
73 59
22 34
20 47
23 12
73 01
73 25
69 54
Bulsar
Fata Talab
Junagadh
20 36
21 40
21 31
73 03
73 02
70 28
Keshod
Lunwa
Mandvi
Palanpur
Palanpur
Patal
Rajpipla
Sasan
21 17
21 16
24 12
24 12
21 24
21 49
21 00
71 32
73 22
72 29
72 29
73 16
73 36
70 40
Silvassa
Sukal Tirath
Usked
Vedtial
Haryana
near Chandigarh
Ambala
Jammu & Kashmir
Jhajjar Kotli
Jharkhand
Santal Pargana
Singhbhum
Karnataka
Bellary Hills
20 12
21 16
-
73 11
73 20
-

BNHS collections
BNHS collections; Bates &
Harrison, 1997
type loc. of caurinus
BNHS collections
Harrison, 1997

32 55
75 54
24 17
23 30
87 15
85 50

15 11
76 54
Dharwar
Gadag
15 30
15 26
75 04
75 42
type loc. of dormeri

BNHS collections
Bihar
Bhojpur
Champaran
Gaya
Distribution in
South Asia
Hawsbhavi
Mysore (University
Campus)
Vijayanagar
Lat.
Long.
14 38
12 18
75 22
76 37
15 20
76 28
Kerala
Venginessery
Kerala
10 32
-
76 14
-

Tree hole, holes in coconut tree,
underneath roofs of houses,
crevices A. Madhavan, 1992-95
Madhya Pradesh
Bhopal
Hoshangabad
23 17
22 44
77 28
77 45
Jabalpur
23 10
79 59
Mundra
Satpura National
Park
Sohagpur
Maharashtra
Ajanta
23 50
-
78 44
-

Bates & Harrison, 1997; Harshey
& Chandra, 2001
22 43
78 14
20 30
75 48
Bassina Taluka
Bombay
Chanda
Chikalda
Fardapur
Nanded
Nimiaghat
Pune (?)
19 14
18 56
19 58
21 29
19 11
23 56
18 31
73 02
72 51
79 21
77 12
77 21
86 07
73 51
BNHS collections
BNHS collections
BNHS collections
Found in crevices of building
Habitat loss
V.S. Korad & K.D. Yardi, 1999
BNHS collections
Y.P. Sinha
23 45
91 30
T.P. Bhattacharya
20 41
23 45
21 50
21 28
22 04
83 30
91 50
85 12
84 04
84 08

BNHS collections
30 55
30 49
30 22
74 38
75 13
76 12

26 29
27 32
23 32
27 14
25 28
23 53
24 32
26 18
25 11
26 00
25 52
74 40
76 35
74 28
77 28
75 42
73 48
76 12
73 08
75 58
76 28
75 50

09 55
78 07
Mukkudal
21 48
80 16
Murappanadu
08 44
77 42
Crevices
P.T. Nathan, 1997-99
House
J. Vanitharani and J. Selwyn,
2000-2002
Temple
Meghalaya
Meghalaya
Nagaland
Nagaland
Orissa
Bolangir
Ganjam
Koira
Sambalpur
Sundargarh
Punjab
Ferozepore
Mo
Nabha
Rajasthan
Ajmer
Alwar
Banswara
Bharatpur
Bundi
Dungarpur
Jhalawar
Jodhpur
Kota
Sawai Mahopur
Tonk
Tamil Nadu
Madurai
Notes/Sources
Tree hole
Sreepada K.S., 1990
Harrison, 1997
161
Distribution in
South Asia
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
Palayamkottai
8 44
77 42
Salem
Tripura
Tripura
Uttaranchal
Garhwal
Uttar Pradesh
Khamaria
West Bengal
Barddhaman
Bhutan Duars
Birbhum
Hugli
Jalpaiguri
Kolkata
Maldah
Medinipur
North 24-Parganas
PAKISTAN
Punjab
Sialkot
Sind
Shikarpur
11 38
78 08
J. Vanitharani & J. Selwyn, 20002002

House crevices, Tropical plains
J. Vanitharani & J. Selwyn, 20002002
23 45
91 30
T.P. Bhattacharya
BNHS collections
27 40
79 32
23 15
26 45
23 54
22 52
26 30
22 35
22 25
-
87 52
89 25
87 32
88 21
88 50
88 21
87 24
-

BNHS collections
32 30
74 32
27 58
68 42
162
Synonyms: Scotophilus javanicus Gray, 1838

Pipistrellus babu Thomas, 1915
Pipistrellus camortae Miller, 1902
Pipistrellus peguensis Sinha, 1969
Ver. 3.1:
LEAST CONCERN
National Status
Common names: Javan Pipistrelle

Habit: In old buildings, small colonies
Uncertainty
biologists.
Habitat: Tropical zone, pine forest

Niche: Old buildings in urban areas. Upto 2400m.
Distribution
Global: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea,
Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Pakistan, Philippines, perhaps Australia
Other status
CITES: Not listed
South Asia:
Bangladesh
India: Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya
Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Nagaland, Sikkim, Uttaranchal, West
Bengal
Nepal

India: Kanha National Park, Madhya Pradesh
Afghanistan
Myanmar
Comments
Though in small colonies of 5-6 numbers it is widely distributed. The
population at present is stable.
Recommendations
Research: Survey, life history, ecological studies specific to the taxon.
Management: Habitat management, monitoring public awareness.

Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Hutson et al., 2001; Miller, 1902; Thomas, 1915;
Sinha, 1969; Wilson & Reeder, 1993

Locations/subpopulations: Many / not known.
Habitat status: < 10% decrease in area in the past 10 years. < 10%
decline likely in the next 10 years due to destruction of habitat. Decrease
in quality due to destruction of habitat and human interference.
Data source: Field study, literature; observed.
Compilers
Reviewers
Threats
Population
Population trend: <10% decline in the next 10 years.
Data source: Field study, literature; observed, inferred.

Korad and Yardi (1998-2001) Pune city, Ecological study and faunistic survey of bates in Pune corporation limits (?)
163
Distribution in South Asia, Afghanistan and Myanmar from literature and recent field studies
Lat.
Asia
AFGHANISTAN
Jalalabad
34 26
Kalat-us-Seraj
34 40
BANGLADESH
Boalkhali Thana
Luskerpore
24 20
Purba Gomdandi
22 23
INDIA
Camorta Island
8 08
Car Nicobar
Port Blair
Assam
Rajapara
Palasbari
Margherita
Himachal Pradesh
Simla
Madhya Pradesh
Balaghat
Kanha National Park
Mandla
Sabalgarh
Sukna
Supkhar
Maharashtra
Panchgani
Pune
Manipur
no exact location
164
Long.
Notes/Sources
70 25
70 18

91 30
91 55

93 42
9 12
11 40
92 46
92 44
Type locality of camortae

Probable locality according
to Das, 1990.
26 30
26 07
27 17
92 00
91 30
95 40

31 07
77 09

26 15
21 48
77 24
80 16

17 56
18 31
73 49
73 51

Urban areas, old buildings
habitat destruction
Korad V.S. & Yardi K.D.,
1998-2000
Lat.
Asia
Nagaland
Takubama
25 37
Sikkim
Rongli
27 17
Uttaranchal
Dhakuri
30 00
Mussoorie
30 26
Ramnagar
29 23
Srinagar
30 12
Sukhidhang
29 36
West Bengal
Darjeeling
27 02
Jalpaiguri
26 30
Nimbong
27 04
Pashok
27 04
NORTHERN MYANMAR
Dalu
26 20
Pegu
17 18
NEPAL
Bouzini
Godavari
Kakani
Kathmandu
Najarkot
Rasuwa
Sipuri
PAKISTAN
NWFP
Karakar Pass
Punjab
Gharial
Murree
Long.
Notes/Sources
94 32
88 45
79 56
78 04
79 07
78 47
79 40

88 20
88 50
88 25
88 24

96 10 Bates & Harrison, 1997

96 31 Type loc. of peguensis
27 42
27 34
27 42
27 42
-
85 13
85 24
85 12
85 20
-

34 26
72 13
33 55
33 55
73 27
73 26

Type locality of babu
Synonyms: Vespertilio kuhli Kuhl, 1819

Pipistrellus lepidus Blyth, 1845
Vespertilio (Pipistrellus) leucotis Dobson, 1872
Common names: Kuhl's Pipistrelle
National Status
Ver. 3.1:
Habit: Open desert
LEAST CONCERN
Uncertainty
Habitat: Open forests, human dwellings

Other status
CITES: Not listed
Niche: Thatched roof of houses. 615-769m.

Distribution
Global: Afghanistan, India, Pakistan
South Asia:
India: Assam, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, West Bengal
Pakistan: Baluchistan, Punjab, Sind

None
Recommendations
Research: Survey, life history, ecology.
Afghanistan
Area of Occupancy: > 2,000sq km.
Comments
Possibility of more colonies in Pune district (Korad and Yardi). Very wide
spread distribution. A very common bat in Pakistan. Abundant within its
distribution range.

Threats
Threats to the taxon: Alien invasive species, habitat loss, habitat
destruction. The influence on the population well understood, not
Population
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Blyth, 1845; Dobson, 1872; Hutson et al., 2001;
Kuhl, 1890
Compilers
A. Ali, P.J.J. Bates, P.C.M.B. Digana, S. Kandula, G. Nair, R. Rajashekar,
E.A.A. Shukkur, A. Thabah, W. Yapa
Reviewers


Pune, Korad and Yardi, 1998-2000, Biodiversity survey (?)
165
Lat.
Asia
AFGHANISTAN
Jalalabad
34 26
Kandahar
31 36
Qala Bist
INDIA
Assam
Cachar district
Maharashtra
Pune (St. Hilda's Girls
School)
Meghalaya
Cherrapunji
West Bengal
Kolkata
PAKISTAN
Baluchistan
Darzi Chach
Panjgur
166
Long.
Notes/Sources
70 25
65 47
31 28
64 21

Type locality of lepidus
25 00
93 00
18 31
73 51

Building in urban area
Habitat destruction
25 16
91 42
22 35
88 21
29 41
26 56
65 37
64 06

Asia
Punjab
Lyallpur
Multan
Muzaffargarh
Rajanpur
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
31 25
30 11
30 04
29 06
73 07
71 26
71 12
70 17

Type locality of leucotis
Sind
Chak
Gambat
Hyderabad
Kashmor
Mirpur
Mirpur Sakro
Pithoro
Sukkur
27 44
27 19
25 24
28 25
28 12
24 32
25 32
27 42
68 52
68 32
68 22
69 35
68 48
67 38
68 21
68 52

Common names: Mount Popa Pipistrelle, Paternal Pipistrelle
Ver. 3.1:
Habit: Colonial
Widely distributed and known from many locations.
Habitat: Bamboo forests, agricultural land
1997 C.A.M.P. (Ver. 2.3):
Niche: Tree holes, thatched roofs, banana plantations. 308-615m in

Myanmar
Uncertainty
Distribution
Global: India, Myanmar to southwest China, Thailand
Other status
CITES: Not listed
South Asia:
India: Assam, Bihar, Jammu & Kashmir, Manipur, Nagaland
LEAST CONCERN
Data Deficient

None
Myanmar
Recommendations
Research: Survey

Locations/subpopulations: 20 / many
Comments
Future research may show that this bat is less common than currently
thought and NT may be a more suitable category. Despite some fieldwork
within the known range of this species in Myanmar no specimen has been
collected.
Habitat status: No change

Threats
Threats to the taxon: Habitat loss, deforestation, human interference. The
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Hutson et al., 2001; Thomas, 1915
Compilers
A. Ali, P.J.J. Bates, Y.P. Sinha, K.M. Swe, A. Thabah
Population
Reviewers

Population trend: <10% decline in the last 10 years. <10% decline likely in
the next 10 years.
Data source: Field study; observed; 95% confidence

Sinha, Bihar, 1983.
Distribution in
Lat.
South Asia
INDIA
Assam
Palasbari
26 07
Rajapara
26 30
Bihar
Buhnar
26 10
Jammu & Kashmir
Poonch Valley
33 43
Manipur
Aimoli
Nagaland
Takubama
25 37
MYANMAR (NORTHERN)
Hkamti
26 01
Homalin
24 55
Kyouk Myoung
22 36
Long.
Notes/Sources
91 30
92 00

85 54
74 54
94 32
95 45
95 01
95 55

named mimus in Wroughton,
Distribution in
South Asia
Lat.
Long.
Mandal
Maymyo
Mount Popa
21 57
22 05
20 56
96 04
96 33
95 16
Nam Tisang Valley

Ningma
Pyaunggaung
26 36
22 38
97 45
97 22
Rangoon
Sumka Uma
Sumprabum
Tamanthe
Tatkon
16 47
25 57
26 33
25 20
23 50
96 10
97 49
97 34
95 18
94 30
Notes/Sources
1915a.Bates & Harrison, 1997
Type loc. of paterculus
named coromandra in Ryley,
1914b.
167
Synonyms: Vespertilio pipistrellus Schreber, 1774

Pipistrellus aladdin Thomas, 1905
Pipistrellus bactrianus Satunin, 1905
Common names: Common Pipistrelle
Widely distributed and found in many locations with few threats.
National Status
Ver. 3.1:
Habitat: Buildings, near human settlements

Niche: Wall crevices, clefts or rocks or any dry protected hole, caves. 4612462m.
Distribution
Global: India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Myanmar, Japan, Taiwan
South Asia:
India: Assam, Jammu & Kashmir, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu
Pakistan
LEAST CONCERN
Uncertainty
biologists.
Other status
CITES: Not listed
None
Afghanistan
Myanmar
Recommendations
Research: Survey
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Hutson et al., 2001; Satunin, 1905; Schreber,
1774-1785; Thomas, 1905;

Data source: Indirect information, field studies; inferred, observed.
Threats
Threats to the taxon: Habitat loss.
Compilers
Srinivasulu
Reviewers
Population
Mature individuals: > 10,000. <5% likely to decline in the future.
Data source: Field studies, indirect information; observed, inferred.

G.H. Koli in Thane, 2001
J. Vanitharani in Tirunelveli, 1991
A. Ali in Assam, 1998-2001
168
Asia
AFGHANISTAN
Baghlan
Balk
Baschgaltal
Baschgar Valley
Herat
Jalalabad
Kabul
Kamdesh
Kunduz
Maimana
Mazar-i-Sharif
Taliqan
INDIA
Assam
Bangara
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
36 11
36 46
35 10
34 20
34 26
34 30
35 25
36 47
35 54
36 43
34 46
68 44
66 50
70 58
62 10
70 25
69 10
71 26
68 51
64 43
67 05
69 29

Dhubri
Jalukbari
Kamarkuchi
Nalbari
Diseases, Predation, Fire

Azad Ali, 1998-2001
Azad Ali, 1998-2001
Azad Ali, 1998-2001
Azad Ali, 1998-2001
Asia
Rajapara
Srimantapur
Jammu & Kashmir
Pandrittan
Srinagar
Maharashtra
Murbad
Tamil Nadu
Tirunelveli
Lat.
Long.
26 30
-
92 00
-
Azad Ali, 1998-2001

Azad Ali, 1998-2001
34 08
34 08
74 53
74 50

Building crevices
Habitat loss
Koli, 2001
08 44
72 42
Buildings and crevices

97 49
71 52
74 20
72 35
71 47

MYANMAR (NORTHERN)
Sumka Uma
25 57
PAKISTAN
Dir
35 12
Gilgit
35 54
Kululai
35 18
Chitral
35 50
Notes/Sources
169
Synonyms: Vespertilio savii Bonaparte, 1837

?Pipistrellus austenianus Dobson, 1871
Ver. 3.1:
VULNERABLE
B1ab(iii)
Common names: Bengali: Savir Chamchika; English: Savi's Pipistrelle

Although restricted in mature individuals, the status is based on restricted
extent of cocurance and change in quality of habitat.
National Status
Bangladesh: Endangered
India: Vulnerable
Habitat: Mountain deciduous forest.

Niche: Caves, hollow trees, building crevices. 403-2585m.
Distribution
Global: Afghanistan, Africa, Arabia, India, Bangladesh, Iran, Japan,
Korea, Myanmar
South Asia:
Bangladesh: Northeastern
India: Maharashtra, Meghalaya
B1ab(iii); D1
B1ab(iii)
Uncertainty
biologists.
Other status
CITES: Not listed
None
Afghanistan
Myanmar
Recommendations
Research: Survey, life history, ecology
Locations/subpopulations: 2. Fragmented
Comments
Pune report needs to be confirmed. Wide distribution. Specimens from
India and Myanmar are provisionally referred to as P. savii austenianus
(Corbet & Hill, 1992). More colonies in Pune district likely. Mature
individuals - guesstimate based on widespread distribution and limited
number of locations. Several new records suggest that this species may
be under recorded in past surveys rather than rare in nature.
Data source: Field study, literature; suspected.

Threats
Threats to the taxon: Habitat loss and change in quality of habitat.
Population
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Bonaparte, 1836-1841; Dobson, 1871; Corbet &
Hill, 1992; Hutson et al., 2001; Khan, 2001
Mature individuals: <2,500

Data source: Museum record; literature; suspected; subjective
Compilers
Reviewers

Korad & Yardi, Hilda's Girl's school, Pune city (?), India, Ecological study and faunistic study of bats in Pune Corporation limits, 1998-2000.
Asia
AFGHANISTAN
Bamiyan
Maimana
Kamdesh
BANGLADESH
Northeastern forests
INDIA
Maharashtra
Pune (Hilda's girl's high
170
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
34 50
35 54
35 25
67 37
64 43
71 26

Khan, 2001
18 31
73 51
Asia
school)
Meghalaya
Cherrapunji
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
Habitat destruction
Korad and Yardi, 1998-2000
25 16
91 42
Type locality of austenianus

MYANMAR (NORTHERN)
Maymyo
22 05
Shan state
-
96 33
-

Coniferous forest.
No threats.
Building, urban area

Synonyms: Vespertilio tenuis Temminck, 1840
Pipistrellus mimus Wroughton, 1899
Pipistrellus mimus glaucillus Wroughton, 1912
Pipistrellus principulus Thomas, 1915

Ver. 3.1:
Common names: Indian Pygmy Bat, Least Pipistrelle

Habit: Solitary, colonial
Habitat: Crevices in buildings and rocks, wooden structures.
Niche: Crevices. 108-769m in India
LEAST CONCERN
National Status
Uncertainty
Distribution
Global: Afghanistan, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka to
Vietnam, Thailand
South Asia:
Bangladesh
India: Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal
Pradesh, Jharkhand, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya,
Orissa, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttaranchal, Uttar Pradesh, West
Bengal
Pakistan: Nwfp, Punjab, Sind
Nepal
Sri Lanka: Central Province, North Western Province, Sabartagamuwa
Province, Southern Province, Uva Province, Western Province
Other status
CITES: Not listed
India: Satpura National Park, Madhya Pradesh
Recommendations
Research: Survey
Comments
Population abundant.
Afghanistan
Myanmar
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Harshey & Chandra, 2001; Hutson et al., 2001;
Khan, 2001; Temminck, 1840; Thomas, 1915; Wroughton, 1899;
Wroughton, 1912.

Area of Occupancy: > 2,000 sq km
Compilers

Data source: Field study; Observed, inferred.
Threats
Threats to the taxon: Habitat loss. The influence on the population well
understood, not reversible and have not ceased to be a threat.
Reviewers
Population
Population trend: Stable
171

Sinha, Bihar, 1984, 1986, Gujarat, 1981, Rajasthan, 1980;
Issac S.S. and Marimuthu G. Madurai, 1989-95. Behvioural ecology
Vanitharani, J., Tirunelveli. 1992-1996; Ectoparasites of bats
Prabha, G. & J. Vanitharani, Tirunelveli. 2000-onwards; Survey of bats in Tirunelveli district, their role in the ecosystem.
Srinivasulu C., in Andhra Pradesh, 1995-onwards
Distribution in
South Asia
AFGHANISTAN
Kala-i-Shahi
BANGLADESH
Habiganj
Southwestern
INDIA
Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
34 30
70 40
24 22
91 25

Khan, 2001
Koduru
Thummalabyu
Assam
Angarakhata
Gauhati
13 58
14 11
79 14
79 09
Throughout Andhra Pradesh it

is found around human
settlement areas; Loss of
habitat
Srinivasulu C., 1995-onwards
26 37
26 10
90 30
91 45
Golaghat
Palasbari
Rajapara
Bihar
Begusarai
Bhagalpur
Bhojpur
Champaran
Darbhanga
Gaya
Madhubani
Muzaffarpur
Patna
Rohtas
Saharsa
Sitamarhi
Vaishali
Gujarat
Anand
Bagdu
Deogad
Junagadh
Keshod
Lunwa
Mheskatri
26 30
26 07
26 30
93 57
91 30
92 00

type loc. of principulus
25 25
25 14
25 34
27 06
26 10
24 48
26 21
26 07
25 37
24 40
25 54
26 36
25 49
86 08
86 59
84 40
84 29
85 54
85 00
86 05
85 23
85 12
83 59
86 36
85 30
85 25

22 34
21 22
21 31
21 17
21 10
73 01
73 25
70 28
71 32
72 54
Palanpur
Sasan
Surat
Vedtial
Waghai
Haryana
Chandigarh
Himachal Pradesh
Kulu
Jharkhand
Dhandbad
Hazaribagh
Ranchi
Santal Pargana
Singhbum
24 12
21 00
21 10
20 46
72 29
70 40
72 54
73 29

Type loc. of mimus
30 43
76 47
31 59
77 06
23 47
24 00
23 22
24 17
23 30
86 32
85 23
85 20
87 15
85 50

172
Distribution in
South Asia
Karnataka
Astoli
Bangalore
Barchi
Bellary
Dharwar
Gadag
Honawar
Kardibetta Forest
Kutta
Mysore
Potoli
Kerala
Ernakulam
Thrissur
Madhya Pradesh
Bori
Guna
Hoshangabad
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
15 26
12 58
15 25
15 11
15 30
15 26
14 19
14 08
12 18
15 09
74 30
77 35
74 35
76 54
75 04
75 42
74 27
75 20
76 37
74 44

10 00
10 32
76 16
76 14

24 40
22 44
77 19
77 45
Jabalpur
Khapa
Mundra
Satpura National
Park
Sohagpur
Maharashtra
Bhodwad
Bombay
Chanda
Chikalda
Chinchpali
Karnala
Nanded
Poona
Pune
23 50
-
78 44
-

22 43
78 14
21 01
18 56
19 58
21 29
19 57
18 59
19 11
18 34
18 31
75 50
72 51
79 21
77 12
79 22
73 28
77 21
73 58
73 51
Ratnagiri
Srimangala
Vijayanagar
Meghalaya
Chekrima
Laitkynsao
Phulbari
Orissa
Ganjam
Keonjhar
Mayurbhanj
Puri
Sambalpur
Sundargarh
Rajasthan
Ajmer
Banswara
Barmer
Bundi
17 00
12 01
15 20
73 20
76 00
76 28

Found in old stoney buildings
and tree holes; threats are: loss
of habitat
Korad V.S. & Yardi K.D., 19982001
25 35
25 48
25 55
94 30
91 58
90 03

23 45
22 01
21 52
19 50
21 28
22 04
91 50
86 21
86 48
85 15
84 04
84 08

26 29
23 32
25 43
25 28
74 40
74 28
71 25
75 42

Distribution in
South Asia
Dungarpur
Jaipur
Jhalawar
Jhunjhunu
Jodhpur
Kota
Nagaur
Pali
Sikar
Sirohi
Tonk
Tamil Nadu
Samaya Malai
Tirthamalai
Chettiri Range
Kurumbapatti
Madurai
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
23 53
26 53
24 32
28 05
26 18
25 11
27 12
25 46
27 33
24 53
25 52
73 48
75 50
76 12
75 30
73 08
75 58
73 48
73 26
75 12
72 58
75 50

09 55
12 06
09 55
78 07
78 36
78 07

J. Habersetzer [1978] found it
in tree holes; Human
disturbance
S. Suthakar Isaac & G.
Marimuthu [1990-1994] found
in crevices in a building; threats
are: hot weather, disturbance
from other animals (squirrels
and lizards)
crevices of houses and temples
J. Vanitharani, 1992-onwards
Tirunelveli district
08 44
72 42
Tripura
Ambassa
Kanchanpur
23 55
23 50
91 50
91 50

29 13
29 13
30 06
29 23
29 21
79 29
79 29
78 16
79 07
79 08

28 58
28 45
28 37
25 20
79 07
79 07
79 48
83 00

23 15
27 02
22 52
26 30
26 17
25 00
22 25
24 11
23 24
23 20
22 22
87 52
88 20
88 21
88 50
89 40
93 00
87 24
88 19
88 23
86 24
88 25

Haldwani
Kaladungi
Neergam
Ramnagar
Sitabani
Uttar Pradesh
Dela
Jerna
Philibhit
Satyanarayan
Varanasi
West Bengal
Barddhaman
Darjeeling
Haora
Hugli
Jalpaiguri
Koch Bihar
Kolkata
Maldah
Medinipur
Murshidabad
Nadia
North 24-Parganas
Puruliya
South 24-Parganas
Distribution in
South Asia
West Dinajpur
PAKISTAN
NWFP
Chitral
Malakand
Punjab
Bhattu Hissar
Chaklala
Chakri
Khanewal
Multan
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
25 38
88 44
35 50
34 34
71 47
71 57

33 40
32 47
30 18
30 11
73 08
73 28
76 51
71 26
Sheikhupura
31 43
Sind
Gambat
27 19
Karachi
24 51
Malir
24 59
Sukkur
27 42
NEPAL
Bairia
27 00
Banke
27 57
Hazaria
26 51
SRI LANKA
Central Province
Kandy
07 17
Peradeniya
07 15
Rattota
07 31
Kurenegala
07 28
Labugama
06 55
Southern Province
Hambantota
06 07
Ranna
06 05
Uva Province
Namunukula
06 55
Western Province
Anasigalla
06 29
Colombo
06 55
Kalutara
06 35
MYANMAR (NORTHERN)
Dalu
26 20
Homalin
24 55
Kabaw Valley
24 00
Maungkan
25 12
73 59

type loc. of glaucillus
68 32
67 02
67 13
68 52

85 23
81 47
85 20

80 40
80 40
80 41

80 23
80 11
81 07
80 52

81 07
80 03
79 52
79 59

96 10
95 01
94 15
95 02
Nanyaseik
Phawzaw
Pyaunggaung
96 36
97 22

Records from Manalay and
Mount Popa (=mimus in
Wroughton, 1915a) are referred
to P. paterculus.
25 32
22 38
173
Plecotus auritus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Synonyms: Vespertilio auritus Linnaeus, 1758

?Plecotus homochrous Hodgson, 1847
?Plecotus puck Barrett-Hamilton, 1907
Common names: Brown long-eared Bat
Wide spread distribution with a small number of locations and possible

threat to habitat.
Ver. 3.1:
NEAR THREATENED
National Status
Habitat: Alpine forests
Niche: Deserted huts, hollow tree trunks, caves. 2308-3540m.
Distribution
Global: India, Ireland, Nepal, Norway, Japan, Pakistan, Spain to Russia.
South Asia:
India: Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttaranchal, West
Bengal
Nepal
Pakistan: Northern Areas, Punjab
Uncertainty
Other status
CITES: Not listed
Nepal: Makalu Barun National Park, Rara National Park.
Recommendations
Research: Survey

Locations/subpopulations: 12. Contiguous.
Habitat status: Change in quality of habitat due to mining, felling, human
interference.
Comments
The endemic subspecies is P. auritus homochrous.

Threats
threat.
Population
Sources
Barrett-Hamilton, 1907; Bates & Harrison, 1997; Linnaeus, 1758;
Hodgson, 1847; Hutson et al., 2001; Shrestha, 1997
Compilers
Reviewers


Srikumar in North Sikkim, ZSI North Sikkim 1992-94
S. Mistry, N. Sikkim, 1992
Shreshta, T.K., Makalu Barun NP, Rara NP, Nepal, 1997
174

Distribution in
South Asia
INDIA
Himachal Pradesh
Ratanadi
Jammu & Kashmir
Pahlgam
Sikkim
North Sikkim
Uttaranchal
Phurkia
Martoli
Milam
West Bengal
Darjeeling
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
31 14
77 33
34 01
75 25
Mistry, 1992
Coniferous forest
30 12
30 20
30 30
80 03
80 14
80 12

27 02
88 20
Type locality of homochrous, see

Taxonomic remarks
Distribution in
South Asia
NEPAL
Jomson
Makalu Barun
National Park
Lat.
Long.
28 49
-
83 42
-
Rara National Park
29 34
82 05
PAKISTAN
Northern Areas
Gilgit
Punjab
Murree
35 54
74 20
33 55
73 26
Type locality of puck

Notes/Sources

Shreshta T.K., 1997
Montane forest and pine oak
forest
Shreshta T.K., 1997
Montane forest and coniferous
forest
175

Synonyms: Vespertilio auritus austriacus Fischer, 1829
Plecotus wardi Thomas, 1911,

Ver. 3.1:
NEAR THREATENED
Common names: Common Long-eared Bat, Grey Long-eared Bat

Widespread but few localities in South Asia and decline in population
inferred due to loss of habitat.
Habit: Insectivorous, colonial
Habitat: Montane moist mixed conferous and deciduous forest
Niche: Crevices of tunnels, forts, dilapidated buildings, caves. 14503600m.
Distribution
Global: Afghanistan, Austria, England, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Senegal to
Mongolia to West China
South Asia:
India: Jammu & Kashmir
Nepal
Pakistan: Northern Areas, NWFP
National Status
Uncertainty
Other status
CITES: Not listed
None
Afghanistan
Recommendations
Research: Survey

Habitat status: < 10% decrease in area in the last 5 years due to habitat
destruction. Decrease in quality due to habitat destruction.
Data source: Literature; inferred, observed.
Comments
Specimens from Indian subcontinent and Afghanistan are provisionally
referred to as Plecotus austriacus wardi (Bates & Harrison, 1997). No
population information is known. On conservative estimate of 40
individuals in 17 locations the population could be 680. Wide distribution
from Afghan to Jammu & Kashmir. Status based on habitat loss in its
distributional range.
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Fischer, 1829; Hutson et al., 2001; Thomas,
1911
Threats
Population
Compilers
Srinivasulu, Y.P. Sinha, K.M. Swe, A. Thabah
Reviewers

Data source: Museum record, literature; inferred, observed

None

Distribution in
South Asia
AFGHANISTAN
Bamiyan
Firindjal
Kabul
Kabul (75 km west)
Kala-e-Safad
Samotch-e-Nayak
INDIA
Jammu & Kashmir
Leh
Lat.
Long.
34 50
35 00
34 30
-
67 37
68 29
69 10
-
34 09
77 35
Pandrittan
Pundurhak
34 08
-
74 53
-
176
Notes/Sources

Type locality of wardi

Distribution in
South Asia
Sardallu
Srinagar
Tral
NEPAL
Ringmo
PAKISTAN
Northern areas
Rattoo
NWFP
Battakundi
Sharan
Shogran
Lat.
Long.
34 08
34 00
74 50
78 48

35 55
74 20
34 56
34 43
34 37
73 46
73 28
73 28
B & H, 1997
Notes/Sources
ENDANGERED
Common names: Nicobar Flying Fox
Ver. 3.1:
Habit: Frugivorous
Restricted distribution, threats to habitat and a few fragmented locations

justifies this species to be categorized as Endangered.
ENDANGERED
Habitat: Tropical evergreen forest, dense forest tracts

B1+2cd
Niche: Up to 200m
Uncertainty
Distribution
Global: Endemic to South Asia (India)
Other status
Red List of Threatened Species (2000): Vulnerabl B1+2c
Old World Fruit Bats Action Plan: No data: limited distribution
CITES: Not listed
South Asia:
India: Andaman & Nicobar Islands

None

Locations/subpopulations: 3. Fragmented.
Recommendations
Research: Survey, taxonomic research, ecological studies, PHVA.
Habitat status: < 10% decrease in area in the last 5-10 years. No change
expected in future. Change in quality of habitat.
Data source: Literature, museum; inferred.

Captive breeding: Initiate ex situ. Program within 3 years. Techniques
known for this taxon or similar taxon.
Threats
Threats to the taxon: Habitat loss. The influence on the population not
Population
Comments
It is possible that locals hunt this bat for meat since it is a fruit bat [Bates].
It is a priority species for survey to determine if viable populations exist.
The species appears to be threatened in the wild. It is a suitable
candidate for captive breeding. Such breeding programs have worked
well with other flying fox species. Car Nicobar specimens are slightly
different in colour. So the mixing of this population with the other
populations is not known. Needs more studies for more information.
Endemic to India. Known from three small (localities) islands. All
information is inferred from three dead specimens. Found in three islands.
No new information.
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Mickleburgh et al., 1992; Miller, 1902
Compilers
Reviewers

None

Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
Asia
INDIA
Car Nicobar
09 12 92 46 Type locality of faunulus
Endemic to the Nicobar
Islands
Camorta
08 08 93 42 Endemic to the Nicobar
Islands
Nankauri
07 59 93 22 Endemic to the Nicobar
Islands
177
Pteropus giganteus Brnnich, 1782
Population
Synonyms: Vespertilio gigantea Brnnich, 1782

Pteropus ariel G. Allen, 1908
Pteropus assamensis MacClelland, 1839
Pteropus edwardsi I. Geoffroy, 1828
Pteropus kelaarti Gray, 1870
Pteropus leucocephalus Hodgson, 1835
Pteropus medius Temminck, 1825
Pteropus rubricollis Ogliby, 1840

Data source: Indirect information; Inferred.
Common names: Bengali: Champa Badur; English: Indian Flying Fox
Ver. 3.1:
Habit: Frugivorous, colonial
National Status
Bangladesh: Endangered
Maldives: Least Concern
Habitat: Tropical, subtropical forest, agricultural areas, scrub

Niche: Tall trees. 80-2000m.
Migration: Local migration
Distribution
Global: Bangladesh, India, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri
Lanka
LEAST CONCERN
A2acd
Uncertainty
Other status
Old World Fruit Bats Action Plan: Not threatened
CITES: Not listed
South Asia:
Bangladesh
India: Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar,
Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir,
Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur,
Meghalaya, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar
Pradesh, West Bengal
Maldives
Nepal
Sri Lanka: Central Province, Eastern Province, Gampaha, Northern
Province, North Central Province, Southern Province, Sabaragamuwa
Province, Uva Province, Western Province

India: Point Calimere Wildlife Sanctuary, Tamil Nadu; Palamau Tiger
Reserve, Hazaribagh Wildlife Sanctuary, Jharkhand; Kawal Wildlife
Sanctuary, Andhra Pradesh; Molem National Park, Goa; Kanha National
Park, Madhya Pradesh; Chilka (Nalaban) Wildlife Sanctuary, Orissa;
Indravati National Park, Chhattisgarh
Myanmar
Recommendations
Research: Survey
Comments
Population of P. giganteus maris in Maldives is small and declining.
Widespread in Bangladesh (Bates & Harrison, 1997). Common over most
of the cultivated parts of the island, especially over the coastal belt from
Colombo to Matara. Altitude above 615m. (Bates & Harrison, 1997).
Atleast 80% of roosting trees have been felled since 1970 in Bangladesh
(Khan, 2001), so there could be a decline in population of at least more
than 50%.

Habitat status: Stable?
Data source: Field studies, indirect information; Observed, inferred.
Threats
Threats to the taxon: Exploitation, hunting, habitat loss. The influence on
a threat.
Sources
Allen, 1908; Bates & Harrison, 1997; Brnnich, 1782; Geoffroy, 1828;
Gray, 1870; Harshey & Chandra, 2001; Mickleburgh et al., 1992;
Hodgson, 1835; Ogilby, 1840; Temminck, 1824-27
Compilers
Reviewers

Shreshta, Nepal, 1997
Agoramoorthy, Tamil Nadu, India, 1996-2000, survey
Korad and Yardi, Pune, 1998-2001, Survey
J. Vanitharani, Tirunelveli, 1998-2000
G.H. Koli, Thane, Maharashtra, 1998
Shukkur, E.A.A., Calicut, 1980-2001
Singaravelan, Cumbum valley and Srivilliputhur, 1999
178
Yapa & Digana, Sri Lanka, 1996

Girish, A.C. and Chakravarthy, A.K., Uppinagadi, Kido and Crettalli in Karnataka, 1999-2000
B. Srinivasulu & C. Srinivasulu, Andhra Pradesh, 1995 onwards
C. Srinivasulu in Dindi Reservoir, 1995 onwards
A. Ali, Assam, 1996 onwards
Senacha, K.L. and Purohit, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 1998-2000
Ganjure and Joshi, D.S., Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, 2000
Hutson et al., Maldives, 1994
Sreepada & Ravi Shankar, Kotakar, Karnataka, 2000
Lat.
Asia
BANGLADESH
Barisal
22 41
Shamgunj
24 45
Madhupur
Sunderbans
INDIA
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
North Andaman island Andra Pradesh
Balapalli
13 50
Cuddapah
14 30
Cumbum
15 36
Dindi Reservoir
-
Long.
Notes/Sources
90 20
90 23
-

Khan, 2001
79 15
78 50
79 07
-

Tropical dry deciduous forest
Loss of habitat, hunting
Hyderabad
Kawal Wildlife
Sanctuary
Mahadevpur range
Palkonda hills
Assam
Barpeta
13 50
79 00
Cachar
Dhubri
25 00
-
93 00
-
Doom Dooma
Kamrup
27 33
26 25
95 33
91 30
Nalbari
Palasbari
Bihar
Begusarai
Bhagalpur
Champaran
Darbhanga
Katihar
Madhubani
Muzaffarpur
Patna
Purnea
Saharsa
Samastipur
Sitamarhi
Siwan
Chhattisgarh
Bastar
26 07
91 30
Manmade forest
A. Ali, 1996 onwards
Manmade forest
Manmade forest
Manmade forest
25 25
25 14
27 06
26 10
25 33
26 21
26 07
25 37
25 47
25 54
25 52
26 36
26 14
86 08
86 59
84 29
85 54
87 34
86 05
85 23
85 12
87 28
86 36
85 47
85 30
84 21

Asia
Goa
Molem
Gujarat
Baradia
Baroda
Bhuj
Charwa
Danta
Deesa
Himatnagar
Junagadh
Palanpur
Rajkot
Silvassa
Sultanabad
Surat
Himachal Pradesh
Gopalpur
Kotla
Kulu
Jammu & Kashmir
Jhajjar Kotli
Jharkhand
Giridih
Hazaribagh
Palamau
Ranchi
Santal Pargana
Singhbhum
Karnataka
Avatgi
Crettal
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
15 20
74 15
21 00
22 19
23 12
23 12
24 13
24 14
23 38
21 31
24 12
22 19
20 12
21 10
70 39
73 14
69 54
69 54
72 50
72 13
73 02
70 28
72 29
73 15
73 11
72 54

32 04
31 43
31 59
76 16
77 16
77 06

32 55
75 54
24 10
24 00
23 53
23 22
24 17
23 30
86 20
85 23
84 17
85 20
87 15
85 50

15 30
11 56
74 50
72 14
Devikop
Hawsbhavi
Honkan
Hunsur
15 12
14 38
14 30
-
75 05
75 22
75 10
-
Kido
12 27
74 35
Kolar
Kotekar
13 09
-
78 10
-
Seringapatnam
Uppinagadi
12 25
12 24
76 41
74 51
Vijayanagar
15 20
76 28

Trees
Human interference
Girish & Chakravarthy, 19992000
Roadside
Hunted for medicine & food
Molur & Daniel, 2000
Trees
Human interference
Bamboo
Sreepada and Ravi Shankar,
2000
Trees
Human interference
179
Lat.
Asia
Kerala
Calicut
-
Long.
Notes/Sources
Banyan tree
Loss of habitat
Shukkur, 1980-2001
Chalay
Mudavarum
Trivandrum
Madhya Pradesh
Agar
Agar Malwa
Balaghat
09 00
08 41
77 00
76 57
23 44
21 48
76 01
80 16
Bhind
Chachora
Guna
Gwalior
Jabalpur
26 33
24 40
26 12
23 10
78 47
77 19
78 09
79 59
Kanha National Park

Mandla
Morar
Mukhi
Narsinghar
Narsighpur
Ouda
Sabalgarh
Sehore
Shahdol
Sheopore
Sohagpur
Sonawanee
Supkhar
Umaria
Maharashtra
Ahmednagar
26 15
21 48
24 00
21 48
26 15
23 12
25 41
22 43
21 48
21 48
-
80 14
80 16
79 29
80 16
77 24
77 08
76 42
78 14
80 16
80 16
-
23 03
72 40

Tall trees
Habitat loss
Ganjure & Joshi, 2000
Tall trees
Renovation of bridges
Korad and Yardi, 1998-2001.
Tall trees
Hunting
G.H. Koli, 1998
Amraoti
Asirgarh
Belapur
Bombay
Chanda
Kalyan
Malad
Nagpur
Patan
Pili Sipna Valley
Poona
Pune
20 58
21 31
19 36
18 56
19 58
19 17
19 13
21 10
17 24
21 44
18 34
18 31
77 50
76 22
74 40
72 51
79 21
73 11
72 58
79 12
73 57
77 12
73 58
73 51
Satara
Siwal
Thana
Thane
17 43
19 14
-
74 05
73 02
-
25 25
25 34
92 13
91 53

19 55
19 02
21 50
85 30
82 46
85 12

Manipur
Kochim-kooleh
Meghalaya
Maeryngkeung
Mawphlang
Shillong
Orissa
Barkuda island
Chilka Lake
Kasipur
Koira
180
Asia
Lathar
Madanpur
Narasinghpur
Rampur
Punjab
Gurdaspur
Rajasthan
Ajmer
Bansara
Dungarpur
Jaipur
Jhalawar
Jhunjhunu
Jodhpur
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
23 31
20 28
-
88 40
85 08
-

32 04
75 28
26 29
23 53
26 53
24 32
28 05
26 18
74 40
73 48
75 50
76 12
75 30
73 08
Pali
Sirohi
Udaipur
Sikkim
Gangtok
Tamil Nadu
Coimbatore
25 46
24 53
27 40
73 26
72 58
75 32

Trees
Habitat loss
Senacha & Purohit, 1998-2000
27 20
88 39
11 02
76 59
Cumbum Valley
09 44
77 19
Kanyakumari
08 05
77 35
Keelarajakularaman
Madras
Madurai
13 05
09 55
80 18
78 07
Nagai
Nilgiri Hills
11 28
76 42
Point Calimere WLS
15 00
74 00
Ramanathapuram
Ramnad
09 23
-
78 53
-
Salem
South Arcot
11 38
-
78 08
-
Sri Vaikundam
Srivilliputhur
08 40
-
77 56
-
Thanjavur
Tropical and subtropical forest

Deforestation, road
construction, loss of cover
G. Agoramoorthy, 1996-2000
ZOO office staff
Horticulture field and scrub
jungle
Loss of habitat
Singaravelan, 1999
Deforestation, road
G. Agoramoorthy
Deforestation, road
Deforestation, road
Deforestation, road
Akash Deep Baruah;
Deforestation, road
Deforestation, road
Horticulture field and scrub
jungle
Loss of habitat
Singaravelan, 1999
Deforestation, road
Asia
Lat.
Long.
Thiruchirapalli
10 50
78 43
Tirunelveli
08 44
72 42
23 31
91 31
25 57
26 50
27 41
28 37
25 20
81 50
80 54
79 33
79 48
83 00

23 14
23 15
23 15
22 52
26 30
26 17
30 22
22 25
26 42
25 38
87 05
87 52
87 52
88 21
88 50
89 40
76 12
87 24
88 30
88 44

00 18
03 40
01 45
02 15
02 15
-
73 32
73 10
73 28
73 28
73 18
-

Tall tress on low lying islands
Persecution of small
populations
A.M. Hutson, Homles & Morris,
1994
96 31
96 26

83 35
Tropical & subtropical forest

Deforestation, road
Shreshta, 1997
Deforestation, road
Shrestha, 1997
Deforestation, road
Deforestation, road
Shrestha, 1997
Tripura
Amarpur
Uttar Pradesh
Allahabad
Farrukhabad
Lucknow
Mirzapur
Philibhit
Varanasi
West Bengal
Bankura
Barddhaman
Burdwan
Haimara
Hugli
Jalpaiguri
Koch
Nadia
North 24-Parganas
Salbani
Siliguri
West Dinajpur
MALDIVES
Addu
Ari Atoll
Haddunmati Atol
Mulaku Atol
Nilandu South
North and South Male,
Thirty Islands
MYANMAR (NORTHERN)
Pegu
17 18
Toungoo, Shan State
18 57
NEPAL
Baglung
28 16
Chitwan National Park
Dharan
Japa
Kathmandu
27 42
85 12
Nepal Gunj
Pokhara
28 14
83 58
Notes/Sources
Deforestation, road
Tropical plains
Hunting

Deforestation, road
Shrestha, 1997
Deforestation, road
Asia
Lat.
Long.
Thiruchirapalli
10 50
78 43
Tirunelveli
08 44
72 42
23 31
91 31
25 57
26 50
27 41
28 37
25 20
81 50
80 54
79 33
79 48
83 00

23 14
23 15
23 15
22 52
26 30
26 17
30 22
22 25
26 42
25 38
87 05
87 52
87 52
88 21
88 50
89 40
76 12
87 24
88 30
88 44

00 18
03 40
01 45
02 15
02 15
-
73 32
73 10
73 28
73 28
73 18
-

Tall tress on low lying islands
Persecution of small
populations
A.M. Hutson, Homles & Morris,
1994
96 31
96 26

83 35

Deforestation, road
Shreshta, 1997
Deforestation, road
Shrestha, 1997
Deforestation, road
Deforestation, road
Shrestha, 1997
Tripura
Amarpur
Uttar Pradesh
Allahabad
Farrukhabad
Lucknow
Mirzapur
Philibhit
Varanasi
West Bengal
Bankura
Barddhaman
Burdwan
Haimara
Hugli
Jalpaiguri
Koch
Nadia
North 24-Parganas
Salbani
Siliguri
West Dinajpur
MALDIVES
Addu
Ari Atoll
Haddunmati Atol
Mulaku Atol
Nilandu South
North and South Male,
Thirty Islands
MYANMAR (NORTHERN)
Pegu
17 18
Toungoo, Shan State
18 57
NEPAL
Baglung
28 16
Chitwan National Park
Dharan
Japa
Kathmandu
27 42
85 12
Nepal Gunj
Pokhara
28 14
83 58
Notes/Sources

Deforestation, road
Tropical plains
Hunting

Deforestation, road
Shrestha, 1997
181
Asia
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
Shrestha, 1997
PAKISTAN
Punjab
Lahore
Marala
Renala Khurd
Saidpur
Sialkot
Sind
Jacobabad
Karachi
Shahpur
SRI LANKA
Central Province
Kandy
Lower Dikoya Valley
Nawalapitiya
Nuwara Eliya
Peradeniya
Kegalle
Eastern Province
Valaichenai
Gampaha
Kandy
Northern Province
Cheddikulam
Anuradhapura
31 34
32 40
30 53
33 44
32 30
74 22
74 29
73 34
73 07
74 32

28 17
24 51
26 35
68 26
67 02
67 58

07 17
06 50
07 03
06 58
07 15
-
80 40
80 36
80 32
80 46
80 40
-

Yapa and Bandara, 1996-2000
07 54
81 32
07 17
80 40
08 40
80 18
08 20
80 25
Polonnaruwa
07 56
Rathnapura
Warakapola
07 13
81 02

Southern Province
Galle
Matara
Uva Province
Bandarawela
Passara
Western Province
Anasigalla
Barberyn island
Bulathsinghala
Colombo
Dehiwala
Hanwella
Horana
Matugama
Mawanela
182
80 14

personal observation (Bates &
Harrison, 1997)
06 01
-
80 13
-

06 50
06 58
81 00
81 09

06 29
06 26
06 39
06 55
06 52
06 54
06 42
06 32
07 15
80 03
79 55
80 13
79 52
79 52
80 05
80 04
80 05
80 26

Personal observation (Bates &
Harrison, 1997)
Synonyms: Pteropus geminorum Miller, 1903

Pteropus hypomelanus maris Allen, 1936
Pteropus satyrus Andersen, 1908
Common names: Island Flying Fox
Restricted distribution with threats to habitat.
National Status
India: Endangered
Maldives: Critically Endangered
Ver. 3.1:
Habit: Frugivorous, nectarivorous, colonial

Habitat: Tall trees, coconut, palms, orchards
ENDANGERED
B1ab(iii), B2ab(iii)
B1ab(iii), B2ab(iii)
Uncertainty
Niche: Tall trees. Sea level

Distribution
Global: India, Indonesia, Maldives, New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon
Islands, Thailand, Vietnam,
South Asia:
Maldives
Other status
CITES: Appendix II (India)
India: Barren Island Wildlife Sanctuary (Andaman & Nicobar Islands)
Recommendations
Research: Survey, behavioral studies.
Comments
Two endemic subspecies P.h. maris from Maldives and P.h. geminorum
from Andamans and Southern Myanmar. There is a possibility of the third
endemic subspecies P.h. satyrus on Narcondam and Barren Islands in
Andamans. Restricted to small islands. Maldives original type specimen
only was collected in 1930s. No recent data from South Asian range.
Habitat status: >10% decrease in area in the past 10 years due to

tourism, agriculture and deforestation. Decrease in quality due to tourism,
agriculture and deforestation.
Data source: Literature; inferred; hypothetical
Threats
Threats to the taxon: Habitat loss in general and persecution in Maldives.
The influence on the population well understood, not reversible and have
not ceased to be a threat.
Population
Sources
Allen, 1936; Andersen, 1908; Bates & Harrison, 1997; Mickleburgh et al.,
1992; Miller, 1903; Temminck, 1853
Compilers
Reviewers


None

Distribution in
Lat. Long.
South Asia
INDIA
Barren Island
12 93
18
49
Narcondam
13 94
29
13
Nicobar Islands
-
Notes/Sources
Distribution in
South Asia
MALDIVES
Heratara
Lat. Long.
Maldives

Type locality of satyrus
Tall trees
Mickleburg et al., 1992
Notes/Sources
Type locality of maris

Not found in 1993 during two weeks
survey by Hutson, 1993
183
Synonyms: Pteropus edulis Blyth, 1846

Pteropus nicobaricus Fitzinger, 1861
Pteropus nicobaricus Zelebor, 1869
Pteropus tytleri Dobson, 1874
Pteropus nicobaricus Zelebor, 1869
Pteropus tytleri Dobson, 1874
Pteropus tytleri Mason, 1908
Ver. 3.1:
VULNERABLE
Restricted distribution and threats to area and quality.

1997 C.A.M.P. (Ver. 2.3):
Common names: Blyth's Flying Fox
Data Deficient
Uncertainty
Other status
CITES: Appendix II
Habit: Frugivorous, colonial in 1000's, and fearless

Habitat: Mangroves
Niche: Sea level

None
Distribution
Global: Enggano & Niasi Islands of Western Sumatra and Christmas
Islands, Java, India
South Asia:
Recommendations
Research: Survey, life history, basic ecology
Management: Habitat management, monitoring public awareness
Comments
Population on Andaman & Nicobar is regarded as separate subspecies.
P.m. melanotus - Nicobar; P.m. satyrus - North Andaman Islands; P.m.
tytleri - South Andamans.

Habitat status: Decrease in area due to tourism.
Threats
Threats to the taxon: Habitat loss. The influence on the population well
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Blyth, 1863; Dobson, 1876; Fitzginger, 1861;
Mason, 1908; Mickleburgh et al., 1992; Saha, 1980; Zelebor, 1869
Compilers
Reviewers
Population
Data source: Indirect information; inferred

Mickleburg et al., Christmas Island, 1992, Survey

Lat.
Asia
INDIA
Campbell Bay
07 00
93 45
Car Nicobar
Port Blair
Rutland Island
92 46
92 44
92 30
184
09 12
11 40
11 30
Long.
Notes/Sources
Saha, 1980 in Bates & Harrison,

1997
Type locality of tytleri
Asia
Sentinel Island
Tillanchang
Trinkut
Lat.
Long.
08 29
08 07
93 39
93 37
Notes/Sources
Pteropus vampyrus Linnaeus, 1758
Synonyms: Pteropus vampyrus malaccensis Andersen, 1908
Common names: Large Flying Fox
Ver. 3.1:
Restricted distribution, few fragmented locations and threats to habitat.
Habit: Frugivorous, gregarious, roosts in large colonies.
Indian C.A.M.P. (Ver. 2.3): Data Deficient
Habitat: Forest with large trees
Uncertainty
ENDANGERED
B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)
Niche: Large trees.

Global: Borneo, Java, India, Indochina, Malay Peninsula, Philippines,
southern Myanmar, Sumatra
South Asia:
India: Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Maharashtra (?)
Migration: Found to show seasonal migration in Nicobar Islands (Mason,
1908).
Other status
CITES: Appendix II
None
Recommendations
Research: Survey, basic ecology, taxonomic studies

Management: Monitoring, habitat management
Habitat status: >10% decrease in area due to tourism, agriculture and
deforestation. Decrease in quality due to tourism, agriculture and
deforestation.
Data source: Field study; observed, inferred; subjective.
Threats
Threats to the taxon: Habitat loss and persecution. The influence on the
threat.
Comments
As per literature the species is found to occur in Andaman and Nicobar
Islands only. However recent report from Pune needs to be reassessed.
Current studies on mainland India suggest that this species may have a
wide distribution than the previous record if identification is validated.
Corbet and Hill (1992) suggest that Pteropus giganteus may prove to be
con-specific with Pteropus vampyrus if so, P. vampyrus is a prior name
according to Bates and Harrison (1997). Recent mainland record not yet
published. Other records from Andaman & Nicobar Islands are possibly
migrants rather than indegenous population (Mason, 1908; Hill, 1967).
Mason (1908) suggested that this species is a seasonal migrant in the
area.
Sources
Andersen, 1908; Bates & Harrison, 1997; Linnaeus, 1758; Mason, 1908;
Mickleburgh et al., 1992
Population
Compilers

Reviewers

V.S. Korad and K.D. Yardi, Pune (?), Maharashtra, 1999-2000, Survey

Distribution in
Lat.
Long.
South Asia
INDIA
no exact locality
Car Nicobar
9 12 92 46
Nicobar Islands
(seasonal
migrant)
Notes/Sources

These records require confirmation
Distribution in
South Asia
Maharashtra
Pune (?)
Lat.
Long.
18 31 73 51
Notes/Sources
Roosting site in fields on 4-5 trees

on outskirts of dry deciduous forest
patch with a perrenial stream
passing by.
V.S. Korad & K.D. Yardi, 1999-2000
185

Synonyms: Rhinolophus affinis himalayanus Andersen, 19005
Rhinolophus andamanensis Dobson, 1872

Ver. 3.1:
LEAST CONCERN
Common names: Intermediate Horse-shoe Bat

Widely distributed bat with ability to adapt to changing habitats.
Family: Rhinolophidae
Habit: Colonial
Habitat: Caves
Niche: Orchards, agricultural land, degraded habitats. 290-1910m.
Distribution
Global: Bangladesh, China, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Southeast Asia
South Asia:
Bangladesh
Bhutan
India: Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya,
Nagaland, Uttaranchal, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal
Nepal
Sri Lanka
National Status
Bangladesh: Data Deficient
Bhutan: Least Concern
Sri Lanka: Data Deficient
Uncertainty
biologists.
Other status
CITES: Not listed
None
Myanmar (Northern)
Recommendations
Research: Survey
Comments
The species is doing well in disturbed habitats. BNHS, Darjeeling, 1920.
Common bat in man-made habitat.
Habitat status: Decrease in area by > 20 % due to deforestation.

Decrease in quality due to deforestation.
Data source:
Sources
Andersen, 1905; Bates & Harrison, 1997; Dobson, 1872; Horsfield, 182124; Hutson et al., 2001
Threats
Threats to the taxon: Human interference, habitat loss. The influence on
a threat.
Compilers
A. Ali, P.J.J. Bates, Y.P Sinha, A. Thabah, K.M. Swe
Reviewers
Population

Bates and Muni, Haldwani and Mussorie, 1993
186
Lat.
Asia
BANGLADESH
Sylhet
24 53
BHUTAN
Gedu
27 30
INDIA
Interview Island
12 57
South Andaman
Arunachal Pradesh
Miao
Meghalaya
Cherrapunji
Konshnong
Laitkynsao
Mawphlang
Shangpung
Syndai
Nagaland
Takubama
Uttaranchal
Mussorie
Long.
Notes/Sources
91 51
89 30
92 35
-

type locality of andamanensis
27 39
96 15
25 16
25 30
25 48
25 25
25 30
25 30
91 42
92 01
91 58
92 13
92 02
92 00

25 37
94 32
30 26
78 04
type locality of himalayanus

large cave, degraded habitat,
orchards
Muni & Bates, 1993
Orchards
Lat.
Asia
Uttaranchal
Bilaspur
28 53
Kaladungi
29 13
Tamil Nadu
no exact locality
West Bengal
Darjeeling
27 02
Hasimara
26 52
Pashok
27 04
MYANMAR (NORTHERN)
Hai Bum
26 02
Hisweht
23 42
Nam Tamai Valley
27 42
Pegu
17 18
Toungoo
NEPAL
Barabisse
27 35
Bimalnager
27 45
Bouzini
27 42
Dulegounda
27 45
Kathmandu
27 42
Shebu
Syangja
28 49
SRI LANKA
no exact locality
-
Long.
Notes/Sources
79 16
79 29

88 20
89 48
88 24

95 52
94 29
97 54
96 31
-

85 35
84 29
85 13
84 29
85 12
83 42

doubtful record by Blyth, 1863

(in: Sinha, 1973); Bates &
Harrison, 1997
187
NEAR THREATENED
Synonyms: Rhinolophus beddomei sobrinus Andersen, 1918
Common names: Lesser Woolly Horseshoe Bat
Ver. 3.1:
Although widely distributed, low-density population and forest dependency

suggest that this species is vulnerable to habitat destruction.
NEAR THREATENED
Habit: Solitary, in pairs or occasionally in small groups

Habitat: Forests, hollow areas, caves, dungeons, rarely in houses
Niche: Hollow trees, small caves, over-hanging ledge, dungeons, old
barracks, houses, tunnels, deserted wells. 43-1077m
Distribution
Global: Endemic to South Asia (India, Sri Lanka)
South Asia:
India: Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra
Sri Lanka: Central Province, Northwestern Province, Sabaragamuwa
Province, Southern Province, Western Province
National Status
Uncertainty
biologists.
Other status
CITES: Not listed
India: Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala, Nagarjuna Sagar Srisailam
Tiger Reserve, Gundla Brahmeshwaram Wildlife Sanctuary (Andhra
Pradesh)

Habitat status: > 20% decrease in area due to deforestation. Decrease in
quality due to forest degradation
Recommendations
Research: Survey, taxonomic research, basic ecology, habitat
requirements
Management: Monitoring, habitat management, public awareness
Data source: Literature, field study; observed, inferred.

Threats
population well understood, reversible and have not ceased to be a threat.
Population
Population trend: Population likely to decrease due to habitat destruction.
Data source: Indirect information, field study; observed.
Comments
Endemic to the Indian subcontinent. The species was earlier referred to
as Rhinolophus luctus beddomei (Brosset, 1962) from Western Ghats.
Distinct subspecies in Sri Lanka R. beddomei sobrinus based on smaller
size. Habitat loss > 20%. Srinivasulu's report from Tummalabhailu is
based on museum specimen at BMNH collected during the British period.
Gundla Brahmeshwaram record is based on a gravid female specimen
collected in 2002. Recently a gravid female was collected in Gundla
Brahmeshwaram Wildlife Sanctuary, Andhra Pradesh (pers. comm.)
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Andersen, 1905; Andersen, 1918; Brosset, 1962;
Hutson et al., 2001; Madhavan, 1998; Sathasivam, 2000; Topal & Csorba,
1992
Compilers
Reviewers

Bates in Sinharaja forest, 1994, Survey recorded
Sampath in Peak Wilderness, 1996
Srinivasulu in Nallamala Hills Nagarjuna Sagar Srisailam Tiger Reserve and Gundla Brahmeshwaram WLS, 1999 onwards
188

Lat.
Asia
INDIA
Andhra Pradesh
Gundla
Brahmeshwaram WLS
Thummalabylu
14 11
Karnataka
Halepalya Village
Haleri
Sirsi
Kerala
Chinnar Wildlife
Sanctuary
Long.
79 09
Notes/Sources
Lat.
Asia
Venginissery
10 32
76 14
Srinivasulu, April 2002
Wynaad
76 02
Nallamala hills, Eastern Ghats

Southern tropical dry deciduous
forest
Srinivasulu, 1999-2000
Maharashtra
Bedsar
18 50
Bhaja
18 42
Karla
18 48
Khandala
18 45
Ramgad
SRI LANKA
Central Province
Medamahanuwera
07 16
Rattota
07 31
Northwestern Province
Kala Oya
08 12
12 31
14 40
75 40
74 51

Dry deciduous forest

(C. Srinivasulu, referring
Sathasivam's published data)
Madhavan, 1993
Wells in human habitation
Madhavan, 1993
Madhavan, 1993
Kottekadu
Palghat
Pallipuram
10 46
-
76 42
-
Paralam
10 3
76 4
Tellicherry
Trichur
11 44
10 32
75 29
76 14
11 45
Pitakele
06 24
Southern Province
Yala
06 22
Galle district
06 01
Mapalagama
06 15
Western Province
Kalutara
06 35
Long.
Notes/Sources
Madhavan, 1993
type loc. of beddomei
73 30
73 30
73 30
73 25
-

80 48
80 41

80 04
type loc. of sobrinus

80 34
81 30
80 13
80 16

79 59
189
Synonyms: Rhinolophus blasii meyeroemi Felten, 1977

Rhinolophus clivosus Blasius, 1857

Ver. 3.1:
NEAR THREATENED
Common names: Blasius' Horseshoe Bat

Based on precaution due to threats.
Uncertainty
Other status
CITES: Not listed
Habitat: Caves, old buildings, gardens.

Niche: Caves, crevices
Distribution
Global: South, East and North Africa, Arabia, Southern Europe,
Transcaucasia, Afghanistan, Pakistan

None
South Asia:
Pakistan: Punjab
Recommendations
Afghanistan
Comments
Specimen from Pakistan is referred to R. blasii meyeroemi (Corbet & Hill,
1992). Widespread geographical distribution. Disturbance of roosts is a
future threat. Population number based on information reported from Iran
and number of localities in South Asia.

Locations/subpopulations: 6 / not known. Contiguous
Data source: Literature; inferred; minimum
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Blassius, 1857; Corbet & Hill, 1992; Felten, 1977;
Hutson et al., 2001; Peters, 1866;
Threats
Threats to the taxon: Accidental mortality, roost disturbance. The
Compilers
Population
Reviewers

Data source: Literature; suspected, inferred.

None

Asia
AFGHANISTAN
Kabul Province
Kandahar and Maimana
Laghman Province
Parwan Province
PAKISTAN
Punjab
Lahore
190
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
34 30
31 36
34 38
35 00
69 10
65 47
70 18
68 30

31 34
74 22
VULNERABLE
Synonyms: Rhinolophus famulus Andersen, 1918
Common names: Andaman Horseshoe Bat
Ver. 3.1:
Restricted distribution but no threats observed. Hence assessed as

Vulnerable as a precaution.
VULNERABLE
D2
Habit: Probably insectivorous like other Rhinolophus sp.

Habitat: Tropical rain forests, mangrove swamps
Uncertainty
Assessed with 95% confidence based on evidence and on the consensus
of field biologists.
Niche: Not known

Distribution
Other status
Red List of Threatened Species (2000): Vulnerable A2c, D2
Microchiroptera Action Plan (Global): Vulnerable A2c, D2
CITES: Not listed
South Asia:
India: Restricted to Andaman & Nicobar Islands

India: Narcondam Island Wildlife Sanctuary (Andaman & Narcondam
Island)

Locations/subpopulations: 3 / at least 2. Fragmented.
Recommendations
Research: Survey, genetic research, life history, limiting factor research,
PHVA
Management: Monitoring, habitat management, habitat assessment
Threats
Comments
Endemic to the Indian subcontinent. Two subspecies are recognized: i)
R.c. cognatus (South Andaman) and ii) R.c. famulus (North Central
Andaman & Narcondam Island) - [Bates & Harrison, 1997]. Not recorded
from Nicobar Islands. Extensive monitoring and habitat assessment is
required. Given the limited distribution, known captures and lack of any
knowledge of this species; this should be a priority taxon for population
monitoring. There is no recent data on population status of this species,
so nothing is known on decline or fluctuations. Based on the fact that
since 1906 this species has been reported from Adaman & Nicobar
Islands, it is presumed that no fluctuation in their locations might have
occurred. There is no recent data on this species, so nothing is known on
habitat status. However tourism development may affect the species. The
small population size and limited genetic diversity may lead to problems of
inbreeding. Cave dwelling species typically face more stochastis trends,
but nothing is known for sure in this species. EOO 600 sq km based on
the minimum convex polygon between known localities PHVA is essential
considering the small and endemic nature of the species.
Population
Sources
Andersen, 1906; Andersen, 1918; Bates & Harrison, 1997; Hutson et al.,
2001; Majupuria, 1990; Sinha, 1973
Compilers
M.A. Ali, Immanuel J.K., V.S. Korad, A. Noble, P.T.Nathan, S. Mistry, M.
Singaravelan, C. Srinivasulu
Reviewers
None
Lat.
Asia
INDIA
Port Blair
11 40
Long.
92 44
Notes/Sources
Type locality of cognatus;

recorded by Y.P. Sinha,
1973.
Asia
North Central Andaman
Island
Narcondam Island
Lat.
Long.
13 10
92 58
13 29
94 13
Notes/Sources
No exact location; type loc.
of famulus
191
Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (Schreber, 1774)
VULNERABLE
Synonyms: Vespertilio ferrum-equinum Shreber, 1774

Rhinolophus tragatus Hodgson, 1835
Rhinolophus brevitarsus Blyth, 1863
Rhinolophus ferrum-equinum proximus Andersen, 1905
Rhinolophus ferrum-equinum regulus Andersen, 1905
Restricted area and change in quality of habitat.
Common name: Greater Horseshoe Bat
Uncertainty
biologists.
Habitat: Montane forests, Terai regions

Niche: Cave, ruins
Ver. 3.1:
VULNERABLE
B2ab(iii)
B1+2c; D2
Other status
CITES: Not listed
Distribution
Global: Endemic to South Asia
South Asia:
India: Uttar Pradesh
Nepal
Pakistan

None
Recommendations
Research: Survey

Area of Occupancy: < 2,000 sq km.
Comments
Disturbance of roosting sites is a future threat.
Locations/subpopulations: 3+ / Not known.

Habitat status: Habitat loss and change in quality of habitat.
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Hutson et al., 2001
Data source: Literature.

Threats
Threats to the taxon: Habitat loss, roost disturbance. The influence on
the population not understood, threats not reversible and have not
Compilers
Srinivasulu
Reviewers
Population
Mature individuals: > 10,000. Mature individuals declined in the past
by <10% in the last 10 years and likely to decline by <10% in the next
10 years.

None
192

Asia
INDIA
Arunachal Pradesh
Dening
Himachal Pradesh
Chamba
Manali
Simla
Jammu & Kashmir
Bumzov cave
Punch
Shar
Shikargarh
Udhampur
Nagaland
Aichisagami
Sikkim
Ringin
Rongli
Uttaranchal
Almora
Katarmal
Mussourie
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
Asia
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources

30 26

78 04 Degraded habitat, large cave
West Bengal
Darjeeling
NEPAL
Annigera
Ghorepani
Kathmandu Valley
Langtang
Najarkot
Num
Ramechhap
PAKISTAN
Baluchistan
Kalat
Nushki
Quetta
Northern areas
Gilgit
NWFP
Abbotabad
Karakar Pass
Kululai


193

Synonyms: Vespertilio hipposideros Bechstein, 1800
Rhinolophus midas Andersen, 1905

Ver. 3.1:
VULNERABLE
B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)
Common names: Lesser Horseshoe bat

Restricted distribution, threats to habitat and quality.
National Status
India: Vulnerable
Pakistan: Vulnerable
Habit: Colonial
Habitat: Warm valleys
Niche: Caves, ruined buildings, outhouses / 1230-1850m.
Distribution
Global: Afghanistan, Africa, India, Morocco, North Arabia, Pakistan,
Western Europe
South Asia:
India: Jammu & Kashmir
Pakistan
Uncertainty
biologists.
Other status
Red List of Threatened Species (2000): Vulnerable A2c
Vulnerable A2c
Microchiroptera Action Plan (Global):
CITES: Not listed
None
Afghanistan
Recommendations
Research: Survey
Comments
No new information

Threats
Threats to the taxon: Habitat destruction, roost disturbance.
Sources
Andersen, 1905; Bechstein, 1799, 1800; Bates & Harrison, 1997; Hutson
et al., 2001
Population
Compilers
P.J.J. Bates, M.A. Ali, A. Thabah, K.M. Swe
Mature individuals: < 10,000. Mature individuals declined in the past by

<10% in the last 10 years and likely to decline by <10% in the next 10
years.
Reviewers


None
Distribution in South Asia and Afghanisatn from literature

Asia
AFGHANISTAN
Jalabad
Qalat
INDIA
Jammu & Kashmir
Bumzov cave
PAKISTAN
Gilgit
194
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
34 26 70 25 Bates & Harrison, 1997

32 05 66 53 Bates & Harrison, 1997
35 54 74 20 Bates & Harrison, 1997
Synonyms: Rhinolophus monticola Andersen, 1905
Common names: Bengali: Chhoto Ghorakhuri Chamchika; English: Blyth's

Horseshoe Bat
Ver. 3.1:
LEAST CONCERN
National Status
Pakistan: Near threatened
Habit: Solitary, colonial
Habitat: Forests
Niche: Caves, ruins, dungeons, tunnels, subterranean soils, old houses,
ruined temples. Up to 2388m.
Distribution
Global: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, northern Myanmar,
Pakistan, Southeast Asia
South Asia:
Bangladesh
India: Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala,
Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Nagaland, New Delhi, Orissa,
Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttaranchal, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal
Nepal
Pakistan
Afghanistan
Myanmar (Northern)
Uncertainty
biologists.
Other status
CITES: Not listed
India: Ranathambore National Park, Rajasthan; Karnala Bird Sanctuary
Maharashtra; Satpura National Park, Madhya Pradesh
Recommendations
Research: Survey
Comments

Sources
Andersen, 1905; Bates & Harrison, 1997; Blyth, 1844; Harshey &
Chandra, 2001; Hutson et al., 2001

Data source: Field studies, literature; Observed, inferred.
Threats
Threats to the taxon: Human interference, tourism. The influence on the
threat.
Compilers
Reviewers
Population
Data source: Field study

Sinha in Bihar, 1982;
M. Muni in Indore, 1992: ZSI, Pune, collection
H.R. Bhat in Kamalashik, Dakshina Kannada dist., India
195
Distribution in
South Asia
AFGHANISTAN
Firindjal
Jalalabad
Kabul
Maimana
Qalat
BANGLADESH
Widely distributed
INDIA
Andhra Pradesh
Palkonda Hills
Koduru
Visakapatanam
Assam
Sibsagar
Bihar
Singar
Nimiaghat
Guia
Madhubani
Munger
Manharpur
Jharkhand
Luia
Karnataka
Honawar
Lat.
Long.
35 00
34 26
34 30
35 54
32 05
68 29
70 25
69 10
64 43
66 53
Notes/Sources

Khan, 2001
13 50
13 58
17 42
79 00
79 14
83 24

26 58
94 39
24 48
23 56
26 21
24 57
-
85 00
86 07
86 05
86 14
-

22 29
85 15
14 19
74 27
Kamalashik
Mooroor
Jog Falls
Gersoppa
Kyasanur
14 12
14 12
-
74 41
74 42
-
Caves
habitat disturbance
K.S. Sreepada, 1999
Caves
Habitat disturbance
Bhat, 1972-73
Narayanan Naidu, 1992
Caves
Associated with other species of
bats.
Bhat &Srinivasan, 1990
Kerala
Thrissur
Silent Valley
Madhya Pradesh
Balaghat Forest
Hoshangabad
Jabalpur
Mandu
Narsingarh
Satpura National
Park
Sohagpur
Maharashtra
Helwak
Kanheri
Nasik
Karnala
Khandala
Lonavla
Lohogad
Panchgani
Mahabaleshwar
Ratnagiri
Khopoli
Meghalaya
Syndai
Konshnong
196
10 32
76 14
10 46
76 42
Caves (Subterranean habitats 7.2), Irrigation canal

A. Madhavan, 1997
21 48
23 10
22 22
24 00
-
80 16
79 59
75 24
79 29
-

22 43
78 14
17 23
19 13
20 00
18 59
18 45
18 45
19 02
17 56
17 56
17 00
18 25
73 47
72 59
73 52
73 28
73 25
73 27
73 40
73 49
73 42
73 20
73 08

25 30
25 30
92 00
92 01

Distribution in
South Asia
Shangpong
Nagaland
Wokha
Lat.
Long.
25 30
92 02
Bamboo forest
ZSI group, 1996
28 37
77 13
20 20
19 30
21 50
20 50
85 50
84 38
85 12
86 25

Devikund
Sagar village
Jodhpur
Ranthambhore
Sikar Burz
Bikaner
Tamil Nadu
Salem
Uttaranchal
Mussoorie
Khati
Almora
Ranibagh
Uttar Pradesh
Philibhit
West Bengal
Kolkata
26 18
26 04
25 23
28 01
73 08
76 32
75 47
73 22
Old buildings
Habitat disturbance
Senecha K.R., January 2002.
Old buildings
Habitat disturbance
Old buildings
Habitat disturbance
11 38
78 08
30 26
30 04
29 36
29 22
78 04
79 55
79 40
79 26

28 37
79 48
22 35
88 21
Darjeeling
27 02
Midnapur
22 25
Barkalikapur
22 15
Salbani
22 25
Gurup
23 15
Falta
22 18
MYANMAR (NORTHERN)
Bagar
-
88 20
87 24
88 25
87 24
87 52
88 08
Type locality of R. lepidus

Kindat
Mandalay
23 42
21 57
94 29
96 04
Nam Tamai Valley

Nyaungoo
27 42
-
97 54
-
Pagan
Rakhine
21 07
-
94 53
-
27 01
28 03
87 59
85 33

34 08
73 12
New Delhi
New Delhi
Orissa
Khandagiri
Mohana
Koira
Daitari
Rajasthan
Jalmahal
NEPAL
Ilam
Sindhu
PAKISTAN
Abbotabad
Notes/Sources
Caves
Tourism
K.M. Swe, 2000-2001
Buildings
Threat: Tourism
K.M. Swe, 2000-2001
Caves
Tourism
K.M. Swe, 2000-2001
Buildings
Tourism
K.M. Swe, 2000-2001
Synonyms: Rhinolophus perniger Hodgson, 1843
Common names: Bengali: Woolwala Chamchika; English: Woolly

Horseshoe Bat
Ver. 3.1:
NEAR THREATENED
Low population size (may be <10, 000) and a predicted decline of 10%
due to habitat destruction.
Habit: In pairs or solitary, low density, insectivorous
Habitat: Large caves in forests, rocky outcrops, semievergreen forest.
National Status
Niche: Rocks. 923m in Meghalaya

Distribution
Global: India, Bangladesh, southern China, Nepal, northern Myanmar,
southeast Asia.
South Asia:
Bangladesh
India: Assam, Karnataka, Kerala, Meghalaya, Madhya Pradesh,
Nagaland, Uttaranchal, West Bengal
Nepal
Uncertainty
biologists.
Other status
CITES: Not listed
India: Satpora National Park (Madhya Pradesh)
Myanmar (Northern)
Recommendations
Research: Survey, taxonomic research
Comments
Very difficult to predict, population size of low density and solitary species.
Habitat status: < 10% decrease in area in the past 5 years due to
deforestation. Decrease in quality due to deforestation.
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Bhat & Sreenivasan, 1990; Hodgson, 1843;
Hutson et al., 2001; Khan, 2001; Naidu & Gururaj, 1984; Sinha, 1973;
Temminck, 1835.
Threats
threat.
Compilers
Population
Reviewers

Data source:

Madhavan in Parallam, Pallipuram, Venginissery, Kottekad, Thrissur district, India, 1991-1994.
D. Phukan in Dhaknokhana, Gogamukh, Jonai, Assam, India, 1990, 2001, Survey.
K.S. Sreepada & H.R. Bhat in Kalase, Sagar, Shimoga, 1993, Survey.
197
Lat.
Asia
BANGLADESH
Northeastern (Sylhet)
Southeastern
(Chittagong)
INDIA
Assam
Dhakhuakhana
-
Dhemaji
Gogamukh
95 00
-
Gunjong
Jonai
27 20
-
25 01
-
Long.
Khan, 2001
Khan, 2001
92 45
-
Lakhimpur
Karnataka
Ikkeri
27 20
95 00
Kalase
16 37
76 45
Sagar
16 37
76 45
Shimoga
198
16 37
Notes/Sources
76 45
Habitat loss, hunting for

medicine
D. Phukan, 1986, 1990, 2001.
D. Phukan
Habitat loss, hunting for
medicine
D. Phukan, 1986, 1990, 2001.
Habitat loss and hunting for
medicine are threats to the
species.
D. Phukan, 1986, 1990, 2001.
D. Phukan
Naidu & Gururaj, 1986 Should
be treated as R. beddomei
(Topa & Csorba, 1992).
H.R. Bhat, 1990; Sreepada,
1992. Collected in mist net.
H.R. Bhat, 1990; Sreepada,
1992. Collected in mist net.
Naidu & Gururaj, 1986 should
be treated as R. beddomei
(Topa & Csorba, 1992).
Collected in mist net.
H.R. Bhat, 1990; Sreepada
K.S., 1992.
Lat.
Asia
Kerala
Thrissur
10 32
Meghalaya
Khasi hills
25 34
Mawphlang
25 34
Mawryngkneng
25 34
Konshnong
25 34
Madhya Pradesh
Panchmarhi
22 29
Nagaland
Khezabama
26 01
Uttaranchal
Mussoori
30 26
West Bengal
Darjeeling
22 35
Kolkata
22 35
Singla
22 35
MYANMAR (NORTHERN)
Gokteik
22 38
Long.
Notes/Sources
76 14
Survey of small mammals in

Kerala. Padmanabhan P. 2000
91 53
91 53
91 53
91 53

78 26
94 30
78 04
88 21
88 21
88 21

97 24
Chin hills, Myanmar Bates &

Harrison, 1997
Harrison, 1997
Harrison, 1997
Harrison, 1997
Kindat
22 38
97 24
Nam Tamai Valley
22 38
97 24
Taron Valley
22 38
97 24
NEPAL
Chalna-khel
Banss BaharI
Bouzini
Num
27 42
27 42
27 42
27 42
85 14
85 14
85 14
85 14

Synonyms: Rhinolophus episcopus Allen, 1923

Rhinolophus macrotis topali Csorba & Bates, 1995
Ver. 3.1:
NEAR THREATENED
Common names: Big-eared Horse-shoe Bat

Widely distributed but few locations known and affected by threats. Also
in trade. Small number of localities, small colony size, observed and
projected habitat damage and disturbance.
Habit: Insectivorous, flies out during early twilight hours
Niche: Caves. 1692m
National Status
Distribution
Global: India, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, southern
China, Vietnam, West Sumatra
Uncertainty
biologists.
South Asia:
India: Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Uttaranchal, West Bengal
Pakistan: Punjab
Nepal
Other status
CITES: Not listed

None
Habitat: Caves, mines, forests

Recommendations
Research: Survey
Locations/subpopulations: About 10. Contiguous.

Habitat status: < 10% decrease in area in the past due to pollution,
deforestation, pesticide and tourism. Decrease in quality due to pollution
and human interference.
Data source: Field study, indirect information, literature; observed,
inferred.
Threats
Threats to the taxon: Habitat loss, deforestation, pollution, chemical,
pesticides. The influence on the population well understood, not reversible
and have not ceased to be a threat.

Comments
Specimens from Pakistan are referred to as Rhinolophus macrotis topali
and from rest of the Indian subcontinent as Rhinolophus macrotis
macrotis. Decline based on data from Nepal. < 10 locations. Small colony
size. Human disturbance and habitat damage evident from Nepal. Same
applies to Mussouri in India where tourism is increasing.
Sources
Allen, 1923; Bates & Harrison, 1997; Blyth, 1844; Csorba, & Bates, 1995;
Hutson et al., 2001; Shrestha, 1997
Trade: Local trade for medicines

Compilers
Population
Population trend: > 10% decline in the population in the past 10 years.
Reviewers
Data source: Indirect information; informal sightings; literature; inferred.

Shrestha in Kathmandu hills, 1997, Survey
Asia
INDIA
Arunachal Pradesh
40 miles east Miao
Meghalaya
Cherrapunji
Uttaranchal
Musoorie
West Bengal
Lopchu
PAKISTAN
Punjab
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
25 16
91 42
30 26
78 04
27 02
88 19
Asia
near Abbotabad
NEPAL
Batule Chour
Dulegounda
Hills near Kathmandu
Kathmandu Valley
Kerabari
Syangja
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
28 14
27 45
-
83 58
84 29
-
27 42
28 49
85 12
83 42

Dense forests, caves
Pesticides
Shreshta, 1997
199
VULNERABLE
Common names: Mitred Horseshoe Bat
Ver. 3.1:
Habit: Not known
Found in only one location and assessed based on precaution.
Habitat: Not known
Niche: Not known. ca. 300m.
Uncertainty
Assessed based on inference, precaution and on the consensus of field
biologists.
Distribution
VULNERABLE
D2
D2
Other status
CITES: Not listed
South Asia:
India: Jharkhand

None

Locations/subpopulations: 1
Recommendations
Research: Survey, genetic research, taxonomic research, ecological
studies, PHVA
Threats
Comments
Known only from holotype. Description based on Sinha, 1973.
Sinha examined the specimen at ZSI. It has a strange distribution, which
cannot be explained zoogeographically. This suggests that 1. It has a
larger distribution 2. That the original specimen was mislabelled or
probably came from somewhere else (since many specimens came from
England, Ghana, India etc.) 3. Possibly misidentified [Bates]. Y.P. Sinha
collected Scotophilus kuhli, Taphozous longimanus, Pipistrellus mimus, P.
coromandra from Chaibasa in 1980. However he was not able to collect
or glimpse R. mitratus.
Population
Data source: Museum record; inferred
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Blyth, 1844; Hutson et al., 2001; Sinha, 1973;
Sinha, 1986
Compilers
Reviewers

None

Lat.
Asia
INDIA
Jharkhand
Chaibassa
22 31
200
Long.
Notes/Sources
85 50
Only known from one specimen

collected

Common names: Bengali: Pearsoner Gorakhuri Chamchika; English:
Pearson's Horse-shoe Bat

Ver. 3.1:
LEAST CONCERN
Habit: Colonial
Habitat: Montane forest, tropical valleys, bamboo forests
National Status
Bhutan: Near Threatened
Niche: Caves, banana plantations (between leaves). 610-3077m.

Distribution
Global: Bhutan, China, India, Nepal, northern Myanmar, Southeast Asia,
Tibet
South Asia:
Bangladesh
Bhutan
India: Meghalaya, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal
Nepal
Myanmar (Northern)
Uncertainty
Other status
CITES: Not listed
None
Recommendations
Research: Survey

Comments
Locations/subpopulations: 20 / not known
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Hill 1986; Horsfield, 1851; Hutson et al., 2001;
Khan, 2001; Sinha, 1999
Threats
Threats to the taxon: Human interference, habitat loss, habitat
destruction. The influence on the population not understood, not
Compilers
Srinivasulu
Population
Reviewers

Population trend: Mature individuals likely to decline by <5% in the future.
Data source: Literature, museum; Inferred.

Sinha, Meghalaya, 1992, Phambong WLS, Sikkim, 1988 - ZSI faunistic surveys
Bhattacherya in Manipur 1995
Agarwal et al. in West Bengal 1992
A Thabah, East Khasi hills, Meghalaya, India, 2001. ZSI faunistic surveys (one specimen collected).
201
Lat.
Asia
BANGLADESH
no exact locality
BHUTAN
Phuntsholing
26 52
INDIA
Meghalaya
Cherrapunji
25 16
East Khasi hills
25 20
Garo Hils
Konshnong
Sikkim
Chungtung
Phambong Lho Wildlife
Sanctuary
Uttar Pradesh
202
Long.
Notes/Sources
Khan, 2001
89 30
91 42
91 55
25 32
25 30
90 15
92 01

Human disturbance and
predation
A. Thabah, 2001
27 38
-
88 35
-

Sinha, 1988
Asia
Lwarkhet
Mussoorie
Narkota
West Bengal
Darjeeling
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
29 36
30 26
30 08
79 40
78 04
78 48

27 02
88 20
Pashok
27 04
Lopchu
27 02
MYANMAR (NORTHERN)
Taho
19 30
Tasu Bun
26 01
NEPAL
Bimalnagar
27 45
Num
27 33
Parchung
28 01
Sundarijal
-
88 24
88 19
Type locality of R. pearsoni

97 12
96 12

84 29
87 17
85 12
-

Synonyms: Rhinolophus blythii Andersen, 1918

Rhinolophus gracilis Andersen, 1905
Rhinolophus minor Horsfield, 1823
Common names: Least Horseshoe Bat
No threats to this wide-spread species.
National Status
Ver. 3.1:
Habit: Colonial
Habitat: Cave dweller, humid uplands, hills & valleys, coastal areas
LEAST CONCERN
Uncertainty
Niche: Caves. 2000m

Distribution
Global: India, Nepal, Northern Myanmar, South-east Asia
Other status
CITES: Not listed
South Asia:
India: Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Karnataka, Kerala,
Meghalaya, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal
Nepal

India: Phamong Lho Wildlife Sanctuary (Sikkim)
Myanmar (Northern)
Recommendations
Research: Survey
Sources
Andersen, 1905, 1918; Bates & Harrison, 1997; Horsfield, 1821-24;
Hutson et al., 2001; Temminck, 1834
Locations/subpopulations: About 20.

Compilers

Threats
Threats to the taxon: Human interference was a threat in the past. The
influence on the population well understood, not reversible and have
Reviewers
Population

Sinha, Y.P., Meghalaya, 1973, Survey (ZSI).
Agrawal et al., West Bengal, 1992, Survey (ZSI).
203
Asia
INDIA
Andhra Pradesh
Visakhapatanam
Arunachal Pradesh
73km ESE Miao
Assam
Golaghat
Karnataka
Lingasugur
Kerala
Malabar coast
Meghalaya
Siju Cave
Shangpung
Cherrapunji
Sikkim
No exact location
Uttaranchal
204
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
17 42
83 24
26 30
93 57
15 11
76 54
10 00
76 15
25 32
25 30
25 16
75 47
92 02
91 42

Lat.
Asia
Mussoorie
30 26
Almora
29 36
West Bengal
Sangser
27 04
Pashok
27 04
Nimbong
27 04
MYANMAR (NORTHERN)
Hai Bum
26 02
NEPAL
No exact locality
-
Kathmandu Valley
Nagerjunban
Bimalnagar
Pokhara
Soondarijal
27 42
27 46
27 45
28 14
27 48
Long.
Notes/Sources
78 04
79 40

88 30
88 24
88 25

95 52
Cross reference from

'Mammals of Nepal'
Verheugt, 1995
85 12
87 12
84 29
83 58
85 15

Synonyms: Rhinolophus cinerascens Kelaart, 1852
Rhinolophus fulvidus Blyth, 1851
Rhinolophus petersii Dobson, 1872
Rhinolophus rammanika Kelaart, 1852
Rhinolophus rubidus Kelaart, 1850

Ver. 3.1:
NEAR THREATENED
Caves are threatened due to tourism and there is a suspected decline in

population numbers.
Common names: Rufous Horseshoe Bat

National Status
Habit: Colonial
Niche: Caves, areas with relatively high rainfall, hollow trees, wells,
temples. 1370m.
Distribution
Global: India, Nepal, Nothern Myanmar, Sri Lanka
South Asia:
India: Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Himachal
Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya,
Mizoram, Nagaland, Orissa, Pondicherry, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu,
Nepal
Sri Lanka: Central Province, Eastern Province, North Central Province,
Uva Province, Western Province
Uncertainty
biologists.
Other status
CITES: Not listed
India: Dandeli Wildlife Sanctuary, Karnataka; Karnala Wildlife Sanctuary
Maharashtra; Indravati National Park, Chhattisgarh; Kanha National Park,
Madhya Pradesh
Myanmar (Northern)
Recommendations
Research: Survey
Comments
Sources
Andersen, 1905; Bates & Harrison, 1997; Blyth, 1851; Dobson, 1872;
Harshey & Chandra, 2001; Hutson et al., 2001; Kelaart, 1850; Kelaart,
1852, 1853; Temminck, 1835

Data source:
Threats
Threats to the taxon: Human interference, alien invasive species,
competition from fruit bats, habitat loss. The influence on the population
not understood, not reversible and have not ceased to be a threat.
Compilers
Reviewers
Population
Mature individuals: > 10,000, Mature individuals declined in the past by
<10% in the last 10 years and is likely to decline in by <10% in the next 10
years.

Ghosh in West Bengal 1985
Mukherjee in West Bengal 1982
Agarwal in Goa 1973
Subbaraj in Mysore 1977
Marimuthu in Mysore 1984
Sripathi & Schuller in Mysore 1997
Bates et al. in Karnataka and Robbers Cave, Maharashtra, 1992
Sripathi & Marimuthu in Yercaud, 1992
Madhavan in Ernakulam, 1993
Y. P. Sinha in Teroi, Mizoram, 1993; Lungsan, 1997
Yapa & Digana in Sri Lanka many caves and mines, 1996-2000
205
Asia
INDIA
Andhra Pradesh
Balapalli range
Cuddapah
Visakapatanam
Arunachal Pradesh
Siki
Chhattisgarh
Bastar
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
13 50
14 30
17 42
79 15
78 50
83 24

27 46
93 37
19 00
81 00

Goa
Anmode
Canacona
Colva
Poinguinam
Himachal Pradesh
Solan
Karnataka
Bangalore
Barchi
Dandeli
Devikop
Gersoppa
Hulekal
Jog Falls
Mysore

15 01
15 50
15 00
74 04
73 57
74 00

30 54
77 06
12 58
15 25
15 18
15 12
14 12
14 42
14 12
12 25
77 35
74 35
74 45
75 05
74 42
74 46
74 41
76 41
Potoli
Seringapatnam
15 09
12 25
74 44
76 41
Sirsi
Talewadi
Yellapur
Kerala
Ernakulam
14 40
15 25
14 59
74 51
74 22
74 46

found in gunhouses
Sripathi & G. Schuller, 1998
Bates & Harrison, 1997; found in
gunhouses
Sripathi & G. Schuller, 1998
10 00
76 16
Silent Valley
Tellicherry
Trichur
Irrigation canals and wells

Human interference
Madhavan, 1993; Bates &
Harrison, 1997
Irrigation canals and wells
Human interference
Madhavan A., 1993
10 46
11 44
10 32
76 42
75 29
76 14

17 38
19 21
18 42
19 14
19 13
18 59
18 45
19 02
17 56
73 26
72 52
73 30
72 57
72 59
73 28
73 25
73 40
73 42
Pune
Robbers Cave
18 31
-
73 51
-
Sangameshwar
17 10
73 30

Caves
G. Schuller & Sripathi, 1978 and
1992; Bates & Harrison, 1997
Caves
Bates, 1993
Madhya Pradesh
Balaghat
Jabalpur
Kanha National Park
Mandla
Maharashtra
Asgani
Bassein
Bhaja caves
Borivili
Kanheri caves
Karnala
Khandala
Lohogad Fort
Mahabaleswar
206
Asia
Savantvadi
Vihar Lake
Meghalaya
Cherrapunji
Mawphlang
Mizoram
Lungsan
Teroi
Nagaland
Takubama
Orissa
Harisankar
Jharsiguda
Joshipur
Kotagarh
Salurdam
Udayagiri
Sikkim
Tashiding
Tamil Nadu
Palni hills
Shevroy hills
Yercaud
Uttaranchal
Dhakuri
Mussoorie
West Bengal
Ajodhya Hills
Darjeeling
Kolkata
Nimbong
Pahok
Pondicherry
Pondicherry
Lat.
Long.
15 55
18 56
73 52
72 51

25 16
25 25
91 42
92 13

Y. P. Sinha, 1997
Y. P. Sinha, 1993
25 37
94 32
20 42
21 56
22 01
20 30
20 06
83 30
84 04
86 21
84 18
84 32

27 46
88 37
10 18
11 46
-
77 31
78 11
-

Caves
Sripathi & Marimuthu, 1992
30 00
30 26
79 56
78 04

23 20
27 02
22 35
86 24
88 20
88 21
27 04
-
88 25
-

Type locality of R. rouxi
11 59
79 50
Type locality of R. rouxi

85 24
87 17
85 12
85 12
-

Found in many locations in

caves and mines
Human interference
80 32
80 41
80 40
80 42
80 39
-

81 13
81 22

Sri Lanka
MYANMAR (NORTHERN)
Toungoo
NEPAL
Godavari
27 34
Num
27 33
Parchung
28 01
Pulchowki
27 42
Sipuri
Tankot
SRI LANKA
No exact locality
-
Central Province
Amanapoora hill
07 15
Bogawantalawa
06 48
Kandy
07 17
Mousakande
07 32
Pallama
07 32
Sirigiria
Eastern Province
Fort Frederick
08 34
Maha Oya
07 31
near Rajagivilena
Galkulama
08 16
80 31
Notes/Sources
Asia
Kaduganava
Uva Province
Dammeria
Gampaha
Haputale
Inginiyagala
Lunugalla
Passara
Wellawaya
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
07 15
80 32
06 57
06 46
07 16
07 05
06 58
06 44
81 09
80 58
81 30
81 13
81 09
81 07

Asia
Western Province
Aggalkaurda
Anasigala
Dalkeith
Matugama
Papoda
Ruwanwella
Wavulpane
Weddagala
Lat.
Long.
06 35
06 29
06 33
06 32
06 44
07 02
06 25
06 26
79 59
80 03
80 09
80 05
80 26
80 15
80 40
80 26
Notes/Sources

207
Synonyms: Rhinolophus rouxii sinicus Andersen, 1905
Common name: Andersens Rufous Horseshoe Bat
Ver. 3.1:
National Status
Habit: Insectivorous, forest dweller with rainfall, colonial (1-100

individuals)
Habitat: Montane forests.
Niche: Humid caves, tunnels, wells, hollow trees, temples, houses. 5002769m
Distribution of the Taxon
Global: China, India, Nepal
LEAST CONCERN
Uncertainty
Other status
CITES: Not listed
None
South Asia:
India: Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Nagaland, West
Bengal, Uttaranchal, Meghalaya
Nepal
Recommendations
Research: Survey

Locations/subpopulations: 20. Contiguous
Habitat status: Decrease in area < 10% likely in the next 5 years due to
habitat alteration. Decrease in quality due to human activities.
Threats:
Threats to the taxon: Habitat loss and habitat alterations. Threats
influencing the status of the taxa are not understood, not reversible and
have not ceased to be a threat.
Data source: Indirect information; Inferred; range of opinion
Population
Comments:
Rhinolophus sinicus was upgraded to species level from Rhinolophus
rouxii sinicus by Nikki Thomas basing on mtDNA analysis (Srinivasulu;
Bates). Srinivasulu & Srinivasulu, 2001 and Thomas, 2000 describe its
upgradation from subspecies level of Rhinolophus rouxii sinicus to
Rhinolophus sinicus.
Sources
Hutson et al., 2001; Thomas 2000, Srinivasulu & Srinivasulu, 2001
Compilers
Srinivasulu, K.M. Swe
Reviewers
Mature individuals: > 10,000. Mature individuals likely to decline in the

future by <5% in the future.
Population trends: Not known
Data source: Literature; estimated and minimum/maximum, based on its
wide distribution and large colony size.

Nikki M. Thomas in its range in the Himalayas, India, 1999-2000, Rhinolophids of Africa and Asia.
208

Asia
INDIA
Arunachal Pradesh
Siki
Himachal Pradesh
Solon
Uttaranchal
Dhakuri
Mussorie
West Bengal
Ajodhya
Darjeeling
Nimbong
Pashok
Sikkim
Tashiding
Nagaland
Takubama
Meghalaya
Cherrapunji
Mawphlang
NEPAL
Godavari
Num
Parchung
Pulchowki
Sipuri
Thankot
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
27 46
93 37
30 54
77 06
30 00
30 26
79 56
78 04

23 20
27 02
27 04
27 04
86 24
88 20
88 25
88 24
27 46
88 37
25 37
94 32
25 16
25 25
91 42
92 13
27 34
27 33
28 01
27 42
27 42
85 24
87 17
85 12
85 12
85 17
209
Synonyms: Rhinolophus garoensis Dobson, 1872
Common names: Bengali: Sadharan Gorakhuri Chamchika; English:

Chestnut Horseshoe Bat, Little Nepalese Horse-shoe bat
Ver. 3.1:
VULNERABLE
B2ab(iii)
Restricted area of occupancy and threats to habitat, which has an impact

on population trend.
National Status
Bangladesh: Vulnerable
India: Vulnerable
Nepal: Endangered
Habitat: Caves, dense jungles, bamboo forest
B2ab(iii)
B2ab(iii)
B2ab(iii)
Niche: 1231m.
Distribution
Global: China, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Vietnam
Uncertainty
biologists.
South Asia:
Bangladesh: Sylhet, Moulvi Bazar District
India: Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya
Nepal
Other status
CITES: Not listed
Myanmar (Northern)

None

Recommendations
Research: Survey
Comments
Sinha, 1973 worked on the museum collections. Taxonomic status of this
species not clear.

Threats
Threats to the taxon: Habitat loss, deforestation, human interference,
mining might also be a threat. The influence on the population not well
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Blyth, 1844; Dobson, 1872; Das et al.,1995;
Hutson et al., 2001; Khan, 2001; Shreshta, 1997
Compilers
A. Ali, P.J.J. Bates, Y.P. Sinha, A. Thabah, W. Yapa
Population
Mature individuals: < 10,000. Mature individuals declined in the past by
<10% in the last 10 years and likely to decline in the future by <10% in the
next 10 years.
Reviewers
Population trend: Decline in the past suspected and future decline

predicted.

Shreshtra in Pokhra Valley, Nepal, 1997, field study.
Asia
BANGLADESH
Sylhet
Moulvi Bazar
INDIA
Arunachal Pradesh
Khalaktang
Meghalaya
Cherrapunji
Garo hills
210
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
Khan, 2001
Khan, 2001
27 30
92 21
25 16
25 32
91 42
90 15

Lat.
Asia
Mawphlang
25 25
Siju Cave
25 32
MYANMAR (NORTHERN)
Nam Tamai valley
27 42
NEPAL
Kathmandu
27 42
Pokhra valley
28 14
Long.
Notes/Sources
92 13
75 47

97 54
85 12
83 58

Subtropical forest
Deforestation and mining
Shreshta, 1997
Common names: Trefoil Horseshoe Bat
Ver. 3.1:
Restricted distribution, few fragmented locations and threats to habitat

and quality.
VULNERABLE
B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)
Habitat: Dense evergreen jungle.

1997 C.A.M.P. (Ver. 2.3):
Data Deficient
Niche: Thick foliage with dense evergreen jungle

Uncertainty
biologists.
Distribution
Global: Borneo, India, Java, Myanmar, Thailand
Other status
CITES: Not listed
South Asia:
India: Assam, West Bengal, Eastern coast of India

None
Habitat status: Decline in habitat due to logging, tourism, fragmentation.
Recommendations
Data source: Indirect information, Literature; Suspected; inferred.
Threats
Threats to the taxon: Habitat loss. The influence on the population not
Population
Comments
Widespread distribution but no data on whether the species has a
contigous or fragmented distribution. Limited number of locations, no
recent records despite some surveys in its current range. It is known to
live in dense evergreen forest a habitat type that is under threat in North
eastern India and Myanmar.
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Hutson et al., 2001; Sinha, 1973; Temminck,
1834

Compilers
Reviewers

None

Lat.
Asia
INDIA
Assam
Sibsagar
26 58
West Bengal
Darjeeling
27 02
Eastern coast of
India
Long.
Notes/Sources
94 39
Sinha Y.P., 1973
88 20
-
Sinha Y.P., 1973

Blanford (1888-91) stated
this location, but gave no
details
211
Common names: Asian Horseshoe Bat, Dobson's Horse-shoe Bat
Ver. 3.1:
Habitat: Dense hill jungles, bamboo jungles
Only a few locations in South Asia and loss of habitat can deplete
numbers in this specialized bat.
VULNERABLE
B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)
Niche: 1600m.
1997 C.A.M.P. (Ver. 2.3):
Distribution
Global: China, India, northern Myanmar, Thailand
Data Deficient
Uncertainty
South Asia:
India: Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram
Other status
CITES: Not listed
Myanmar (Northern)
Area of Occupancy: < 2,000 sq km. Literature; inferred.

None
Habitat status: Habitat loss due to logging, fragmentation and illegal
encroachments.
Recommendations
Research: Survey, ecological studies, taxonomy.
Data source: Literature, indirect information; Observed, inferred.

Threats
Comments
Widespread distribution in Myanmar. Conservative estimate of population.
It is a little known species but with extensive range in Myanmar. Revision
in taxonomy suggested (Sinha).
Population
Sources

Compilers
A. Ali, Bates, P.C.M.B. Digana, S. Kandula, G. Nair, R. Rajashekar,
Data source: Literature, indirect information; Inferred
Reviewers

None
Distribution in South Asia and Myanmar from literature

INDIA
Arunachal Pradesh
Dening
Mizoram
Tipai Mukhi
MYANMAR (NORTHERN)
Kajihtu
Karen hills
Mahtum
Nam Tamai Valley
212
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
28 00
96 17
24 14
93 30
26 18
19 30
26 06
27 42
97 50
97 12
97 58
97 54


Common names: Bengali: Chhoto Indur-lenji Badur; English: Lesser
Mouse-tailed Bat

Ver. 3.1:
LEAST CONCERN
Family: Rhinopomatidae
National Status
Habit: Colonial
Habitat: Wide crevices, temple
Niche: Old ruins, tunnels, buildings, dark sites in crevices. Up to 108m.
Distribution
Global: Afghanistan, Arabia, Bangladesh, India, Iran Myanmar, Morroco,
Mauritania to East Africa, Niger, Pakistan
South Asia:
Bangladesh: Southwestern
India: Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Madhya
Pradesh, New Delhi, Orissa, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West
Bengal
Pakistan: NWFP, Punjab, Sind
Uncertainty
Other status
CITES: Not listed
India: Kanha National Park, Madhya Pradesh.
Recommendations
Research: Survey
Afghanistan
Comments
Widely distributed.
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Gray, 1831; Harshey & Chandra, 2001; Hutson et
al., 2001
Threats
Threats to the taxon: Habitat loss, pollution, chemical, pesticides.
Compilers
Population
Reviewers
Data source: Literature, Indirect information; Inferred.

Data source: Field study, museum record; Inferred.

Sinha, Gujarat, 1970;, Rajasthan, 1972, Bihar, 1978-79;
Usman, Madurai, 1978-81;
Bates et al., Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, 1992;
M.S. Pradhan, Tadoba National Park, Maharashtra, 1996
G. Marimuthu, Madurai, India, 1992-93, Population study
C. Srinivasulu, Hyderabad, India, since 1995, Biodiversity
213
Distribution in South Asia and Afghanisatn from literature and recent field studies
Asia
AFGHANISTAN
Between Darunta and
Bisut
Cha Waki Sarkani
Hadda
Jalalabad
Katar
Nurgul
Tschambel/Dewagall
Tut-Tangai
BANGLADESH
Southwestern
Sunderbans
INDIA
Andhra Pradesh
Hyderabad
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
34 26
-
70 25
-

Khan, 2001
Khan, 2001
25 24
68 22
Koduru
Palkonda Hills
Bihar
Bhojpur
Gaya
Munger
Gujarat
Ahmedabad
Anand
Bhuj
Danta
Junagadh
Lunwa
Palanpur
Rajkot
Vankaneer
Vedtial
Jharkhand
Giridih
Karnataka
Badami
Chitradurga
Gadag
Pattadkal
Vijaynagar
Madhya Pradesh
Balaghat
Ghatigaon
Gwalior
13 58
13 50
79 14
79 00
Old houses
Pollution, pesticides, loss of
(roosting) habitats
25 34
24 48
24 57
84 40
85 00
86 14

23 03
22 34
23 12
24 13
21 31
24 12
22 18
22 37
-
72 40
73 01
69 54
72 50
70 28
72 29
70 56
70 56
-

15 58
15 26
16 00
15 20
75 45
75 42
75 47
76 28

K.S. Sreepada
26 03
26 12
77 56
78 09
Jabalpur
23 10
79 59
Kanha National Park

Mandla
Morar
Narsingarh
Orcha
New Delhi
26 15
24 00
25 21
80 14
79 29
78 38

Bates & Harrison, 1997;
Bates & Harrison, 1997;
214
Asia
New Delhi
Orissa
Bhubaneswar
Udayagiri
Rajasthan
Ajmer
Bundi
Dungarpur
Jaipur
Jhalawar
Jhunjhunu
Jodhpur
Nagaur
Nasirabad
Tamil Nadu
Dharmapuri range
Kanavi Katha Bootham
'Madras'
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
28 37
77 13
20 13
20 06
85 50
84 32

26 29
25 28
23 53
26 53
24 32
28 05
26 18
27 12
26 16
74 40
75 42
73 48
75 50
76 12
75 30
73 08
73 48
74 42

12 11
-
78 07
-
Madurai
09 58
78 10
Marungoor
Pannian Malai
09 55
78 02

Probably district not city
Tunnel in a building (MKU
Campus)
Hot weather, disturbance by
squirrels
G. Marimuthu, 1992-93
Caves, crevices
Human interference
K. Usman, J. Habersetzer,
1978-81; 1978-79
27 09
25 57
27 06
24 10
25 34
24 40
78 00
81 50
77 39
86 20
81 59
83 59

22 35
88 21
34 18
72 51
32 58
32 33
73 36
71 57

24 51
25 46
24 51
67 02
67 44
67 16

Uttar Pradesh
Agra
Allahabad
Fatehpur Sikri
Giridih
Pratabgarh
Rohtas
West Bengal
Kolkata
PAKISTAN
NWFP
Amb
Punjab
Ara
Chitti Dil
Rohtas
Sakesar
Sind
Karachi
Karchat Hills
Landhi
Rhinopoma microphyllum (Brnnich, 1782)

Synonyms: Vespertilio microphyllus Brunnich, 1782
Rhinopoma microphyllum kinneari Wroughton, 1912

Ver. 3.1:
Common names: Bengali: Indur-lenji Chamchika; English: Greater Mousetailed Bat

LEAST CONCERN
National Status
Habit: Colonial.
Uncertainty
biologists.
Habitat: Desert regions.

Niche: Old ruins, buildings, tunnels, caves; up to 100m.
Distribution
Global: Afghanistan, Arabia, Bangladesh, India, Iran, North Africa,
Pakistan, Sumatra, Thailand
Other status
CITES: Not listed
South Asia:
Bangladesh: Northern, eastern and southeastern
India: Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra,
New Delhi, Orissa, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh
Pakistan: Baluchistan, NWFP, Punjab, Sind

None
Afghanistan
Comments
The population in some parts of Rajasthan is increasing (Sinha). Over
growth of Prosopis juliflora at the entrance of the tunnels in which this bat
occurs is a possibly affecting the population in Rajasthan (Senacha).
Recommendations
Research: Survey, genetic research; taxonomic research
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Brunnich, 1782; Harshey & Chandra, 2001;
Hutson et al., 2001; Khan, 2001; Wroughton, 1912

Data source: Literature, field studies; Oberved, inferred.
Threats
Threats to the taxon: Human interference, habitat loss.
Population
Compilers
Reviewers

Data source: Literature, field studies; Oberved, inferred

Sinha, Rajasthan, 1972-74, Gujarat, 1976
Senacha, Rajasthan, 2001 till date.
215
Asia
AFGHANISTAN
Chak naur
Chak wki sarkani
Chamchir cave
Dilaram
Guerechk
Hadda
Jalalabad
Kala Bnot
Khyber Pass
Konarha Provinces
Kvadjar Largar
Maung Loei
Moulmai cave
near Kandahar
Sarban-Qala
BANGLADESH
Northern
Eastern
Southeastern
INDIA
Andhra Pradesh
Palkonda
Bihar
Gajhundi
Gujarat
Anand
Baroda
Bhuj
Broach
Bundi
Junagadh
Madhya Pradesh
Asirgarh
Burhanpur
Gwalior
Nimar (West & East)
Lat.
Long.
32 11
31 50
34 26
34 06
-
62 27
64 35
70 25
71 05
-
Notes/Sources

Khan, 2001
Khan, 2001
Khan, 2001
13 50
79 00
22 34
22 19
23 12
21 40
25 28
21 31
73 01
73 14
69 54
73 02
75 42
70 28

21 31
21 58
26 12
-
76 22
76 08
78 09
-
Morar
Orcha
Sanchi
Maharashtra
Bhamer
Bombay
Nagpur
Songir
Usmanabad
New Delhi
New Delhi
Orissa
Bhubaneshwar
Rajasthan
Ajmer
Aligarh
Barmer
Bhimbharak
26 15
25 21
23 28
80 14
78 38
77 42

& Chandra, 2001
21 04
18 56
21 10
21 02
-
74 20
72 51
79 12
74 51
-

28 37
77 13
20 13
85 50
26 29
25 58
25 43
26 09
74 40
76 09
71 25
73 08
Bundi
Dungarpur
Jaisalmer
Jhalawar
25 28
23 53
26 52
24 32
75 42
73 48
70 55
76 12

Semi desert
Human interference
Senacha, K.R. 2001
216

Asia
Jhunjhunu
28 05
Jodhpur
26 18
Long.
Notes/Sources
75 30
73 08

Semi desert
Human interference
Senacha K.R., 2001
Semi desert
Human interference, interference
due ot overgrowth of Prosopis
juliflora at tunnel entrance.
Senacha, K.R. 2001
Semi desert
Human interference
Senacha, K.R. 2001
Semi desert
Human interference
Senacha, K.R. 2001
Semi desert
Human interference
Senacha, K.R. 2001
Mandore tunnel and

garden
Mehrangarh fort
Nagaur
Pali
Sawai Madhopur
Shrinathaji Kee haweli
27 12
25 46
26 00
-
73 48
73 26
76 28
-
Sirohi
Tonk
Udaipur
University press
24 53
25 52
27 40
-
72 58
75 50
75 32
-
Tamil Nadu
'Madras'
Doubtful record. Possibly refers

to district
27 09
27 06
78 00
77 39

28 18
29 54
70 02
71 47

34 18
34 34
72 51
71 57

32 34
32 57
29 42
30 11
32 58
32 33
74 04
73 44
72 12
71 26
73 36
71 57

27 19
25 24
24 51
25 46
27 42
68 32
68 22
67 02
67 44
68 52

Uttar Pradesh
Agra
Fatehpur Sikri
PAKISTAN
Baluchistan
Las Bela
Sadikabad
Qutabpur
NWFP
Amb
Malakand Hills
Punjab
Ara
Gujrat
Jhelum
Mailsi
Multan
Rohtas
Sakesar
Sind
Gambat
Hyderabad
Karachi
Karchat Hills
Sukkur
NT
Synonyms: Rhinopoma muscatellum seianum Thomas, 1913
Common names: Small mouse-tailed Bat
Ver. 3.1:
Status based on the 4 locations reported in South Asia. The Afghan

population may be affected due to war.
NEAR THREATENED
Habit: Insectivorous, small colonies, deserted buildings

National Status
Habitat: Dry deserts

Niche: Underground caverns, deserted buildings. 700-1100 m.
Distribution
Global: Afghanistan, India, Iran, Pakistan, Oman, UAE
South Asia:
India: Rajasthan
Pakistan
Uncertainty
Other status
CITES: Not listed
Afghanistan
None

Recommendations
Research: Survey
Habitat status: No change.
Comments
Indian record of Genji specimen reported by Von Cackenbergag and de
Vree 1994 needs detailed study. Population number based on limited
number of colonies. Colonies of several hundreds were recorded from a
locality. Occurs in small colonies and forages across large distances.

Threats
Threats to the taxon: None
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Hutson et al., 2001; Thomas, 1903, 1913; Von
Cackenberghe & de Vree, 1994
Population
Compilers

Reviewers

None

Distribution in
South Asia
AFGHANISTAN
Dilaram
Lat.
Long.
32 11
62 27
Kandahar
31 36
65 47
INDIA
Rajasthan
Genji
23 42
73 46
Notes/Sources
48 km west of Dilaram
19.2 km southwest of Kandahar
Distribution in
South Asia
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
(1994) but possibly Genji in
Rajasthan
PAKISTAN
Baluchistan
Sibi
Uzhda Ridge
29 33
-
Doubtful record restricted to

Coromandal Coast by Van
Cackenberghe and de Vries,
67 54
-

AMNH: Van Cackenberge & de
Vree, 1994
217

Synonyms: Pteropus aegypticus E. Geoffroy, 1810
Rousettus arabicus Anderson & de Winton, 1902

Ver. 3.1:
VULNERABLE
B1ab(iii); D1
Common names: Egyptian Fruit Bat

Restricted number of mature individuals, restricted distribution in Pakistan
with threats and no known localities in neighbouring Afghanistan.
Habit: Frugivorous, gregarious
Uncertainty
Habitat: Desert / semi arid tracts

Niche: Natural caves, underground irrigation tunnels, open wells,
mosques, underside ceilings of tombs. 985m.
Distribution
Global: Africa, Arabia, Iran, middle east, Pakistan, Turkey
South Asia:
Pakistan: Baluchistan, Sind
Other status
Old World Fruit Bats Action Plan: Not Threatened
CITES: Not listed
None
Recommendations
Research: Survey

Locations/subpopulations: 6 / Not known. Contiguous.
Habitat status: Decrease in area < 10% in the last 5 years due to habitat
alterations. Decrease in quality due to habitat due to alteration
Comments
Taxonomic relationship of R. aegyptiacus and R. leschenaulti deserves
further review. Actual population estimate 240 based on limited
distribution and small colony size (approximately 40 individuals) compared
to Rousettus lescenaulti.
Sources
Anderson, &. De Winton, 1902; Bates & Harrison, 1997; Geoffroy, 1810;
Mickleburgh et al., 1992; Roberts, 1977
Threats
Threats to the taxon: Not known.
Compilers
S. Mistry, C. Srinivasulu, K.M. Swe, A. Thabah, Y.P. Sinha
Population
Reviewers

Data source: Literature; estimated; range of opinion.

None

Asia
PAKISTAN
Baluchistan
Lak Bidok
Panjg
Sind
Karachi
Kiotatta
Makli hills
Malir
218
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
25 12
26 56
66 45
64 06

24 51
24 46
24 59
67 02
67 57
67 13


Synonyms: Pteropus leschenaulti Desmarest, 1820
Cynonycteris infuscata Peters, 1873
Cynopterous marginatus, Gray, 1843
Cynopterus affinis Gray, 1843
Eleutherura fusca Gray, 1870
Pteropus pyrivorus Hodgson, 1835
Pteropus seminudus Kelaart, 1850
Common names: Bengali: Kola Badur; English: Fulvous Fruit Bat
Habit: Colonial

Ver. 3.1:
LEAST CONCERN
National Status
Uncertainty
biologists.
Habitat: Arid area to hot humid forests.

Niche: Caves, wells, man made constructions. Up to 1600m.
Distribution
Global: Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Southeast Asia,
southern China, Sri Lanka, Vietnam
South Asia:
Bangladesh
Bhutan
India: Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa,
Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala,
Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Orissa, Rajasthan, Sikkim,
Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttaranchal, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal
Nepal
Pakistan: NWFP, Punjab, Sind
Province, Sabaragamuwa Province, Southern Province, Uva Province,
Western Province
Other status
Old World Fruit Bats Action Plan: Not Threatened
CITES: Not listed
India: Namdapha Biosphere Reserve, Arunachal Pradesh; Nagarhole
Wildlife Sanctuary, Karnataka; Sambalpur Wildlife Sanctuary, Orissa;
Indravati National Park, Chhattisgarh; Kanha National Park, Madhya
Pradesh
Recommendations
Research: Survey
Comments
Colonies as much as 10,000 (Marimuthu). Hunted for meat at Garo hills in
Meghalaya (Y.P. Sinha).
Myanmar (Northern)
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Desmarest, 1820; Gray, 1870; Harshey &
Chandra, 2001; Hodgson, 1835; Kelaart, 1850; Khan, 2001; Mickleburgh
et al., 1992; Peters, 1873.

Compilers

Data source: Field studies, literature; Observed, inferred.
Threats
Threats to the taxon: Exploitation, hunting, tourism.
Reviewers
Population
Data source: Field study, museum, literature, informal sightings;
Observed, inferred
219

Sinha in Rajasthan, 1980, 81, Gujarat, 1981, Bihar, 1986, Garo hills, 1990-94
Marimuthu in Cheranmahadevi, Tirunelveli, 1993
Bates et al., in Aurangabad, Ellora, Mandoor, Mahabaleswar, 1992.
E.A. A. Shukkur in Kadalundy, Kerala, 1980-2001, Ecology
J. Vanitharani & Marimuthu, Thirnelveli District, Tamil Nadu, 1991-1998, Flight mechanism, bodyweight change and ectoparasites.
J. Prabha & J. Vanitharani, Thirnelveli District, 2000-onwards, Survey of bats in Thirnelveli District and their role in the ecosystem.
H. Raghuram in Thirupulankundram Kambam, 2000-2002, Ecology and Behaviour.
K. Immanuel, J. Balasingh & D.P. Suvamidors in Chammadri, 1997-2000, Population estimation, roost habitat, feeding and parasites.
D.S. Joshi in Mahabaleshwar, 2001, Field study.
Yapa & Digana in Sri Lanka, 1996 onwards, Survey
C. Srinivasulu & B. Srinivasulu in Golconda fort, Hyderabad, 1995 onwards, Population monitoring
B. Srinivasulu & C. Srinivasulu in Hyderabad city environs, 1997 onwards, Monitoring the effects of control netting in grape orchards
Asia
BANGLADESH
Chakma Village,
southeastern forest
Cox's Bazaar
Ghazni, Shirpur District
Kudum Cave,
Whykeong Forest
Office
Sylhet
Sunderbans
BHUTAN
Panjurmane
INDIA
Andhra Pradesh
Golconda Fort
Hyderabad city
environs
Koduru
Visakapatanam
Arunachal Pradesh
Namdapha
Sei Josa
Bihar
Aurangabad
Hazaribag
Patna
Chhattisgarh
Bastar
Singhbum
Goa
Margao
Poinguinan
Vaddam Bardez
Gujarat
Baroda
Broach
Mehmadabad
Himachal Pradesh
Kangra
Kulu
Mandi
Jammu & Kashmir
Jhajjar Kotli
Karnataka
Belgaum
Gersoppa
Hampi
Krishnapur
Muroor
220
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
Khan, 2001
21 25
21 6
88
90 20

Khan, 2001
92 11 Khan, 2001
66
Khan, 2001
Khan, 2001
27 10
90 30
Roof of the fort

Human interference.
C. Srinivasulu & B. Srinivasulu
B. Srinivasulu & C. Srinivasulu
13 58
17 42
79 14
83 24

27 39
27 10
96 30
92 50

24 46
24 00
25 37
84 23
85 23
85 12

23 30
85 50

15 15
15 00
-
73 59
74 00
-

22 19
21 40
22 51
73 14
73 02
72 46

32 04
31 59
31 43
76 16
77 06
76 55

32 55
75 54
15 54
14 12
15 20
15 20
14 26
74 36
74 42
76 25
74 22
74 29

Asia
Nagarhole
Virajpet
Kerala
Ernakulam
Kadalundy
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
11 58
12 12
76 01
75 46

10 00
-
76 16
-
Mylandy
Silent Valley
Suchundrum
Terur
Trivandrum
Madhya Pradesh
Balaghat
Jabalpur
Kanha National Park
Lamataghat
Mandla
Mandu
Tanakpur
Umaria
Maharashtra
Alibag
Aurangabad
Chikalda
Elephanta
Ellora
Ghatmatha
Jogeshwari
Kandri
Kanheri
Khandala
Mahabaleshwar
10 46
08 41
76 42
76 57

Dilapidated brick-factory
building
Human interference, loss of
habitat, poisoning and stoning.
E.A. Abdul Shukkur, 1998-2001
23 10
22 22
29 04
-
79 59
75 24
80 06
-

18 38
19 52
21 29
18 54
20 04
17 43
19 12
21 27
19 13
18 45
17 56
72 55
75 22
77 12
72 58
75 15
73 42
72 58
79 24
72 59
73 25
73 42
Mansar
Marathwada
Poona
Ratnagiri
Satara
Meghalaya
East Garo Hills
East Khasi Hills
Jaintia Hills
South Garo Hills
Orissa
Cuttack
Keonjhar
Puri
21 27
18 34
17 00
17 43
79 24
73 58
73 20
74 05

Open space in old building.
Climate, disease
Joshi, 2001; Bates & Harrison,
1997
25 37
25 20
25 26
25 32
90 29
91 55
93 14
90 14

20 26
22 01
19 50
85 56
86 21
85 15

Asia
Sambalpur
Sundergarh
Rajasthan
Jodhpur
Gagaron Ka Kila
Nasirabad
Sikkim
17km WSW Mangam
Tamil Nadu
Cheranmahadevi
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
21 28
22 04
84 04
84 08

26 18
26 16
73 08
74 42

8 44
74 42
Vannathiparai
Venkatachalam
09 44
-
77 19
-
Zakampatti
Tripura
Kanchanpur
Uttaranchal
Dehra Dun
Kaladungi
Naini Tal
Pauri
Pithoragarh
Uttar Pradesh
Almora
Chunar
West Bengal
Bankura
Darjeeling
Hugli
Jalpaiguri
Kolkata
Medinipur
South 24-parganas
Temples and church towers

Temple renovation
J. Vanitharani, 1999-2002
wells
Raghuram & Gopukumar,
2000-2002
Church tower
no threat
temple
Temples and caves
Human interference
P.T. Nathan 1991-2002, J.
Vanitharani, 1999-2002.
temple
temple
Plains and horticultural lands
N. Singaravelan 2000-2002
Wells
2000-2002
temple
Temples
Human interference, hunting
(for medicine), powelines,
pathogens, predation, fire and
hurricanes.
2000-2002
Wells
2000-2002
23 50
91 50
30 19
29 13
29 22
30 08
29 35
78 03
79 29
76 26
78 48
80 12

29 36
25 08
79 40
82 54

23 14
27 02
22 52
26 30
22 35
22 25
22 22
87 05
88 20
88 21
88 50
88 21
87 24
88 25

Cumbum
09 44
77 19
Madras
Morappanadu
13 05
-
80 18
-
Nanganeri
Palayamkottai
8 44
77 42
Senbagamanallur
Sri Vaikundam
Suruli Hills
08 40
-
77 56
-
Theni
Thirukkurgudi
Thirupparangundram
9 58
78 10
Lat.
Asia
MYANMAR (NORTHERN)
Mingun
22 00
Moulmein
16 30
Pagan
21 07
Pegu
17 18
NEPAL
Boitari
28 01
Kathmandu
27 42
PAKISTAN
NWFP
Malakand
34 34
Punjab
Lahore
31 34
Muzzaffarabad
34 22
Sialkot
32 30
Sind
Karachi
24 51
Malir
24 59
SRI LANKA
Central Province
Gammaduwa
07 32
Kandy
07 17
Matale
07 28
Pallama
07 32
Peradeniya
07 15
Pundaluoya
07 01
Urugala
07 17
Anuradhapura
08 20
Galkulama
Kalpitiya
07 27
Kurnegala district
Bogala
7 57
Pagoda
06 44
Rathnapara district
Southern Province
Hambantota
Mapalagama
Uva Province
Badulla district
06 07
06 15
Long.
Notes/Sources
95 58
97 39
94 53
96 31

84 37
85 12

71 57
74 22
73 28
74 32

67 02
67 13

80 41
80 40
80 37
80 39
80 40
80 43
81 00

80 25
Caves, buildings and mines

80 03

80 15
80 26

81 07
80 16

Koslanda
Passara
Western Province
Bulathsinghala
Colombo
06 45
06 58
81 00
81 09
06 39
06 55
80 13
79 52
Mount Laviniya
06 50
79 52

221

Synonyms: Scotophilus pallidus Dobson, 1876
?Vespertilio noctulinus I. Geoffroy, 1831
NEAR THREATENED

Ver. 3.1:
NEAR THREATENED
Common names: Desert Yellow Bat

Known in relatively few sites and is prone to threats.
Habit: Crevices of buildings, tree holes, insectivorous
National Status
Habitat: Dry tropical woods, urban areas, buildings, scrub vegetation

Niche: Crevices of deserted buildings, tree holes. Up to 2500m.
Distribution
Global: Endemic to South Asia (India, Bangladesh, Pakistan)
South Asia:
India: Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh,
West Bengal
Uncertainty
biologists.
Other status
CITES: Not listed
None

Recommendations
Research: Survey, life history, ecological studies
Locations/subpopulations: > 20. Fragmented.
Habitat status: Loss of habitat, change in quality of habitat.
Comments
This endemic bat appears at the moment to require no specific
conservation or management. Recorded for the first time in western India.
Pune records need to be taxonomically verified.
Population numbers based on the number of locations and roosting sites.
Around 10 individuals present in a colony. Because of urbanization,
breaking down of old buildings and sometimes large trees there is every
likelihood of decline in population in western India (Pune). The status was
derived considering the number of mature individuals, fragmented
population and probable threats. It is the only species of the genus in the
region.
Data source: Field study, literature; Observed, inferred

Threats
Threats to the taxon: Human interference, alien invasive species, habitat
loss. The influence on the population well understood, not reversible and
have not ceased to be a threat.
Population
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Dobson, 1876; Geoffroy, 1831; Hutson et al.,
2001; Korad and Yardi (In prep.); Sinha, 1986; Wilson and Reeder, 1993

Data source: Indirect information; inferred; hypothetical
Compilers
D.P.S. Doss, V. Elangovan, A.M. Hutson, D.S. Joshi, G.H. Koli, A.
Madhavan, K. Nathar, P. Patiath, P.J.E. Pandaranayaka, M.S. Pradhan,
Y.S. Priya, Y.P. Sinha, K.D. Yardi
Reviewers

ZSI, Punjab 1922, U.P.
V.S. Korad, K.D. Yardi, Pune, Maharashtra, 1999, Faunistic survey of bats from Pune UGC, minor project to Fergusson College, Pune
222

Distribution in
South Asia
INDIA
Bihar
Bhagalpur
Lat.
Long.
Distribution in
South Asia
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
Loss of habitat, deforestation
Korad, V. S. & Yardi, K. D.
25 14
86 59
Darbhanga
26 10
85 54
Muzaffarpur
26 07
85 23
Himachal Pradesh
Kulu Valley
31 59
Jharkhand
Santal Pargana
24 13
Maharashtra
Pune (?)
Notes/Sources
18 31
Crevices from deserted buildings in

towns and villages
towns and villages
Urban areas (11.5)
towns and villages
Loss of habitat, Human interference
77 06
87 40
Urban areas (11.5)

towns and villages
Loss of habitat, Human interference
73 51
Uttar Pradesh
Lucknow
West Bengal
Kolkata
PAKISTAN
Punjab
Mian Mir
Muzaffargarh
Sialkot
Sind
Kashmor
Khaipur Nathan
Shah
Mirpur
Naundero
near Shikarpur
26 50
80 54
22 35
88 21
31 34
30 04
32 30
74 22
71 12
74 32
28 25
27 06
69 35
68 44
28 12
27 40
-
68 48
68 21
-
type loc. of pallidus
Tree holes
223

Synonyms: Nycticejus ornatus Blyth, 1851
?Nycticejus emarginatus Dobson, 1851
Nycticejus nivicolus Hodgson in Horsfield, 1855
Scotomanes ornatus imbrensis Thomas, 1921

Ver. 3.1:
LEAST CONCERN
Population size cannot be determined; the number of localities and its

fairly widespread distribution suggests that at the moment this species is
not threatened.
Common names: Harlequin Bat

Habitat: Warm valleys
Distribution
Global: China, India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam
South Asia:
Bangladesh
India: Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim, West
Bengal
Nepal
Myanmar (Northern)
National Status
Uncertainty
biologists.
Other status
CITES: Not listed
None

Recommendations
Habitat status: Habitat loss
Threats
Comments
Previously a synonym of S. emarginatus, it is considered to be a separate
species. Locations and subpopulations based on fairly extensive
distribution in northeastern India and Myanmar. It is widespread but
apparently not a common species.
Population
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Blyth, 1851; Dobson, 1871; Horsfield, 1855;
Hutson et al., 2001; Khan, 2001; Thomas, 1921

Data source: Field study, museum record
Compilers
Reviewer

BNHS, West Bengal, Assam 1915-20; ZSI, West Bengal 1863
Nath in Kashmir 1987
224
Asia
BANGLADESH
Sylhet, northeastern
forest
INDIA
Arunachal Pradesh
Dening
Assam
Assam
Manipur
16 miles north Imphal
Meghalaya
Cherrapunji
Daragiri
Jowai
Konshnong
Nagaland
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
Khan, 2001
28 00
96 17

BNHS collections
25 16
25 30
25 26
25 30
91 42
90 20
92 14
92 01

Lat.
Asia
Head Iril Valley
Kohima
25 42
Sikkim
Sikkim
West Bengal
Pashok
27 04
Singla
27 02
Sivok
26 50
Tong Song
27 04
MYANMAR (NORTHERN)
Mahtum
26 06
Nam Tamai Valley
27 42
Sumka Uma
25 57
NEPAL
Sankhuwasabha
27 33
Long.
Notes/Sources
94 15

88 24
88 19
88 32
88 24

97 58
97 54
97 49

87 17
225
Synonyms: Nycticejus luteus Blyth, 1851

Scotophilus flaveolus Horsfield, 1851
Vespertilio belangeri Geoffroy, 1834
Common names: Bengali: Bora Rongila Chamchika; English: Asiatic

Greater Yellow House Bat, Common Yellow Bat
National Status
Ver. 3.1:
Habit: Colonial
Niche: Crevices, tree holes, hollows, leaf stems, under leaves
Distribution
Global: Afganistan, Bangladesh, China, India, Nepal, Myanmar, Sri
Lanka, Vietnam
South Asia:
Bangladesh
India: Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Haryana, Jharkhand,
Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Orissa,
Nagaland, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttaranchal, Uttar Pradesh,
West Bengal
Nepal
Sri Lanka: Central Province, Northern Province, North Western Province,
Uva Province, Western Province, Southern Province
LEAST CONCERN
Uncertainty
biologists.
Other status
CITES: Not listed
None
Recommendations
Research: Survey
Comments
Afghanistan
Myanmar (Northern)
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Blyth, 1851; Geoffroy, 1831-1834; Harshey &
Chandra, 2001; Horsfield, 1831; Horsfield, 1851; Hutson et al., 2001;
Khan, 2001

Compilers
A.C. Girish, Immanuel, J.K., S. Kandula, V.S. Korad, G. Nair, P.T. Nathan,
Habitat status: Habitat loss
Data source: Literature, field studies; Observed, inferred.
Reviewers
Threats
Population

Hebersetzer, Madurai 1978
Sinha, Rajasthan 1970-73, Assam, 1988, Bihar, 1996
Balasingh, Tirunelveli 1992
Yapa & Digana, Sri Lanka, 1996-99. Ecological survey
226
Distribution in
South Asia
AFGHANISTAN
Jalalabad
Laghman
BANGLADESH
Sylhet
No exact locality
INDIA
Andhra Pradesh
Balapalli
Koduru
Macherla
Nagarjuna sagar
Assam
Darangar
Golaghat
Guwahati
Kaliani
Loskor (?)
Maranpur
Margherita
Palasbari
Rajapara
Bihar
Champaran
Darbhanga
Hazaribag
Koch Bihar
Maldah
Muzaffarpur
Nadia
Patna
Purnea
Rohtas
Saharsa
Vaishali
West Dinajpur
Gujarat
Ahmedabad
Anand
Bhuj
Bulsar
Danta
Deesa
Fata Talab
Kirti Mandir
Lunwa
Mandvi
Mehmadabad
Palanpur
Petlad
Rajpipla
Silvassa
Surat
Haryana
Chandigarh &
surrounding villages
Lalru
Karnataka
Bangalore
Belgaum
Dharwar
Hubli
Kadakola
Kolar (?)
Malgi
Samasgi
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
34 26
34 38
70 25
70 18

24 53
91 51

Khan, 2001
13 50
13 58
16 29
16 35
79 15
79 14
79 25
79 17

26 30
26 10
25 10
27 17
26 07
26 30
93 57
91 45
93 05
95 40
91 30
92 00

27 06
26 10
24 00
26 17
26 07
30 22
25 37
25 47
24 40
25 54
25 49
25 38
84 29
85 54
85 23
89 40
85 23
76 12
85 12
87 28
83 59
86 36
85 25
88 44

23 03
22 34
23 12
20 36
24 13
24 14
21 40
22 19
21 16
22 51
24 12
22 29
21 49
20 12
21 10
72 40
73 01
69 54
73 03
72 50
72 13
73 02
73 14
73 22
72 46
72 29
72 48
73 36
73 11
72 54

30 43
76 47
30 42
76 48
12 58
15 54
15 30
15 20
12 18
13 09
14 40
14 40
77 35
74 36
75 04
75 12
76 37
78 10
75 05
75 10

Sreepada, '87-'93
Distribution in
South Asia
Sirsi (?)
Jarkhand
Giridih
Gumla
Lat.
Long.
14 40
74 51
24 10
-
86 20
-
Katihar
Medinipur
Santal Parganas
Singhbhum
Kerala
Cochin
Thrissur
25 33
22 25
24 17
23 30
87 34
87 24
87 15
85 50

Hollow trees
Sinha Y.P., 2000
09 56
10 32
76 15
76 14
Trivandrum
Madhya Pradesh
Jabalpur
Sehore
Maharashtra
Allapalli
Andheri
Bandra
Chanda
Dhulia
Elephanta Caves
Nagpur
Panchgani
Poona
Thana
Meghalaya
Tura
Orissa
Baleshwar
Cuttack
Puri
Sambalpur
Nagaland
Zounhebota
08 41
76 57

Plantation trees and netted houses
Madhavan A. 1993; Bates &
Harrison, 1997
23 12
77 08

19 07
19 04
19 58
20 52
18 54
21 10
17 56
18 34
19 14
72 50
72 58
79 21
74 50
72 58
79 12
73 49
73 58
73 02

25 32
90 14
21 31
20 26
19 50
21 28
86 59
85 56
85 15
84 04

ZSI collection
[Azad Ali, 1999]
30 55
30 49
30 22
74 38
75 13
76 12

26 29
27 32
23 32
27 14
25 28
23 53
28 05
26 18
25 11
26 00
74 40
76 35
74 28
77 28
75 42
73 48
75 30
73 08
75 58
76 28

11 02
13 05
76 59
80 18
near Pondicherry
Nilgiri Hills
Salem
Shevroy hills
Tirunelveli
11 28
11 38
11 46
08 44
76 42
78 08
78 11
72 42
Trichinopoly
10 50
78 46

type locality of S. heathi
Palm trees
N. Gopukumar, 2000
Punjab
Ferozepore
Moga
Nabha
Rajasthan
Ajmer
Alwar
Banswara
Bharatpur
Bundi
Dungarpur
Jhunjhunu
Jodhpur
Kota
Sawai Madhopur
Tamil Nadu
Coimbatore
Madras
Notes/Sources
227
Distribution in
Lat.
South Asia
Uttaranchal
Haldwani
29 13
Kaladungi
29 13
Ramnagar
29 23
Uttar Pradesh
Allahabad
25 57
Banaras
25 20
Bareilly
28 22
Khamaria
27 40
Meerut
29 00
Mirzapur
27 41
Philibhit
28 37
Varanasi
25 20
West Bengal
Barddhaman
23 15
Jalpaiguri
26 30
PAKISTAN
NWFP
Islamabad City
33 44
Kohat
33 34
Punjab
Bhattu Hissar
Chak
27 44
Dadu
26 44
Jacobabad (?)
28 17
Jatti
24 22
Karachi
24 51
Kashmor
28 25
Lahore
31 34
Landhi
24 51
Malir
24 59
Mirpur Sakro (?)
24 32
Multan
30 11
Sanghoi
23 30
Sialkot
32 30
Sukkur
27 42
Tori
28 09
MYANMAR (NORTHERN)
Hkamti
26 01
Homalin
24 55
Hsipaw
22 38
Kayi-Yangon
-
Kin
Kindat
Kyouk Myoung
Mandalay
Mardalay Sranis
228
22 45
23 42
22 36
21 57
-
Long.
Notes/Sources
79 29
79 29
79 07

81 50
83 00
79 24
79 32
77 42
79 33
79 48
83 00

Sreepada, '87-'93
87 52
88 50

75 11
71 26

68 52
67 47
68 26
68 17
67 02
69 35
74 22
67 16
67 13
67 38
71 26
72 30
74 32
68 52
69 05

95 45
95 01
97 22
-

Tall trees (especially palms) in
many types of habitats
Some predation but abundant
population
K. M. Swe & Bates, '1999-2001
94 45
94 29
95 55
96 04
-
Distribution in
South Asia
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
Maungkan
Mon
25 12
-
95 02
-
Monywa
Mount Popa
Pegu
Rakhine
22 05
20 56
17 18
-
95 12
95 16
96 31
-
Singkaling Hkamti
Thanatpink
NEPAL
Banke
Bhojbawanpur
Darakhuti
Dung-Deokhuri
Raxaul-Birghanj
SRI LANKA
No exact locality
26 00
17 17
95 41
96 35

population
K. M. Swe & Bates, 1999-2001
population
K. M. Swe & Bates, '1999-2001
population
K. M. Swe & Bates, '1999-2001
27 57
28 05
27 00
81 47
81 45
84 57

ecological survey
Yapa & Digana, 1996-'99
79 52
79 52
80 41
79 59
80 40
80 41

80 25
80 23
81 17
79 59
80 00
80 13

Central Province
Colombo
06 55
Dehiwala
06 52
Gammaduwa
07 32
Kalutara
06 35
Kandy
07 17
Rattota
07 31
Northern Province
Elephant pass
09 30
Kurenegala
07 28
Uva Province
Medagama
07 02
Western Province
Paiyagalla
06 33
Southern Province
Bentota
06 25
Galle
06 01
Synonyms: Scotophilus fulvus Gray, 1843,

Scotophilus wroughtoni Thomas, 1897
Vespertilio temminckii Horsfield, 1824
Common names: Bengali: Chhoto Holdi Chamchika; English: Asiatic

Lesser Yellow House Bat
National Status
Ver. 3.1:
Habit: Solitary and colonial, arboreal
Habitat: Open and dry plains
LEAST CONCERN
Uncertainty
Niche: Houses, caves, trees, buildings

Distribution
Global: Afganistan, Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Northern Myanmar,
Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Western Malaysia
South Asia:
Bangladesh
India: Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat,
Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra,
Meghalaya, Orissa, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttaranchal, Uttar
Pradesh, West Bengal
Nepal
Sri Lanka: Central Province, Eastern Province, North Central Province,
Uva Province
Afghanistan
Myanmar (Northern)
Other status
CITES: Not listed
India: Satpura National Park, Madhya Pradesh.
Recommendations
Research: Survey
Comments
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Gray, 1843; Harshey & Chandra, 2001; Horsfield,
1821-24; Hutson et al., 2001; Khan, 2001; Leach, 1821; Thomas, 1897
Compilers

Reviewers
Habitat status: change in quality.
Data source: Literature, field studies; Inferred, observed.
Threats
Threats to the taxon: Human interference. Threats do not affect the
population significantly.
Population
Data source: Field study, indirect information; Inferred

V.S. Korad & K.D. Yardi in Pune, 1999-2000, Ecological study and faunistic survey of bats in Pune.
229
Distribution in
Lat.
Long.
South Asia
AFGHANISTAN
Afghanistan
BANGLADESH
Jahazmara Ghat,
Hatia Island
South Sylhet
24 15 91 30
St. Martins Coral
Island
Sunderbans
INDIA
Nicobar Islands
Andhra Pradesh
Balapalli
13 50 79 15
Koduru
13 58 79 14
Thummalabylu
14 11 79 09
Bihar
Bhojpur
25 34 84 40
Gaya
24 48 85 00
Hazaribag
24 00 85 23
Katihar
25 33 87 34
Munger
24 57 86 14
Muzaffarpur
26 07 85 23
Patna
25 37 85 12
Purnea
25 47 87 28
Vaishali
25 49 85 25
Gujarat
Bulsar
20 36 73 03
Deogad
21 22 73 25
Jamankua
21 28 73 22
Junagadh
21 31 70 28
Kim
21 30 73 00
Lunwa
Mandvi
21 16 73 22
Mheskatri
21 10 72 54
Nawapur
Palanpur
24 12 72 29
Patal
06 58 81 09
Surat
21 10 72 54
Talala
21 00 70 39
Waghai
20 46 73 29
Walzhar
20 42 73 10
Jharkhand
23 53 84 17
Palamau
23 53 84 17
Santal Pargana
24 17 87 15
Singhbhum
23 30 85 50
Karnataka
Astoli
15 26 74 30
Bangalore
12 58 77 35
Belgaum
15 54 74 36
Dharwar
15 30 75 04
Haleri
12 31 75 40
Helwak
17 23 73 47
Hulekal
14 42 74 46
Kolar
23 09 78 10
Mettupalayam
Mysore
12 18 76 37
Samasgi
14 40 75 10
Seringapatnam
12 25 76 41
Sirsi
14 40 74 51
Kerala
Palghat
8 44
77 42
Madhya Pradesh
Agar Malwa
Damoh
23 50 79 30
Guna
24 40 77 19
230
Notes/Sources
Distribution in
South Asia
Gwalior
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
26 12
78 09
Hoshangabad
22 44
77 45
Jabalpur
Sabalgarh
Sohagpur
Satpura National
Park
Maharashtra
Ajanta
Aurangabad
Bhowad
Bombay
Chanda
Nagpur
Panchagani
Poona
26 15
22 43
-
77 24
78 14
-
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Harshey &

Chandra, 2001
Chandra, 2001
20 30
19 52
18 56
19 58
21 10
17 56
18 34
75 48
75 22
72 51
79 21
79 12
73 49
73 58
Saila
21 25
Satara
17 43
Sultanpur
21 38
Meghalaya
Garo Hills
25 32
Orissa
Baleshwar
21 31
Dhenkanal
20 40
Ganjam
23 45
Mayurbhanj
21 52
Phulbani
20 30
Puri
19 50
Rajasthan
Bharatpur
27 14
Tamil Nadu
High Wavy
09 50
Mountains
Kotagiri
11 21
Tripura
Agartala
23 50
Uttaranchal
Ramnagar
29 23
Uttar Pradesh
Philibhit
28 37
Varanasi
25 20
West Bengal
Bankura
23 14
Barddhaman
23 15
Darjeeling
27 02
Haora
Hugli
22 52
Jalpaiguri
26 30
Koch Bihar
26 17
Kolkata
22 35
Maldah
Medinipur
22 25
Murshidabad
24 11
Nadia
30 22
North 24 Parganas Puruliya
23 20
South 24 Parganas 22 22
West Dinajpur
25 38
MYANMAR (NORTHERN)
Homalin
24 55
Mandalay
21 57
Maudaba
Mingun
22 00
74 02
74 05
74 04

Bates & Harrison, 1997; V.S. Korad
& K.D. Yardi, 1999-2000
90 15
86 59
85 39
91 50
86 48
84 18
85 15

77 28
77 26
76 54
91 23
79 07
79 48
83 00

Sreepada, 1999
87 05
87 52
88 20
88 21
88 50
89 40
88 21
87 24
88 19
76 12
86 24
88 25
88 44

95 01
96 04
95 58

Swe, 2002

Khan, 2001
Khan, 2001
Khan, 2001

Sreepada K.S., 1999
Distribution in
South Asia
Mon
Nyaung Oo
Pagan
Pegu
Rakhine
Viayah
Yangon
NEPAL
Raxaul-Birghanj
PAKISTAN
Punjab
Bhattu Hissar
Chaklala
Chakri
Sanghoi
Toupi
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
21 07
17 18
-
94 53
96 31
-
Swe, 2002
Swe, 2002
Swe, 2002
Swe, 2002
Swe, 2002
27 00
84 57
Johnson et al., 1980. was cited in

T.K. Shrestha, 1997
33 40
32 47
23 30
-
73 08
73 28
72 30
-

Distribution in
Lat.
South Asia
Sind
Karachi
24 51
Kirthar National
26 30
Park
Mirpur Sakro
24 32
Nawabshah
26 15
SRI LANKA
Central Province
Kumbalgamuwa
07 08
Yakura
07 49
Eastern Province
Trincomalee
08 34
Anuradhapura
08 20
Cheddikulam
08 40
Uva Province
Bibile
07 09
Long.
Notes/Sources
67 02
67 30

67 38
68 26

80 50
81 02

81 13
80 25
80 18

81 14
231
Synonyms: Cynopterus blanfordi Thomas, 1891
Common names: Blanford's Fruit Bat
Ver. 3.1:
Although widely distributed, bamboo forests are under pressure for

commercial harvest. Hence the species may suffer population decline in
future, if not already declining.
Habit: Arboreal
Habitat: Bamboo forests
NEAR THREATENED
National Status
Niche: 308-2710m.
Distribution
Global: Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal
South Asia:
Bhutan
India: Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Uttaranchal, West Bengal
Nepal
Uncertainty
Other status
Old World Fruit Bats Action Plan: No data
CITES: Not listed
Myanmar (Northern)
India: Phambong Lho Wildlife Sanctuary (Sikkim); Namdapha National
Park (Assam)

Recommendations
Research: Survey, ecological studies
Habitat status: Declining due to harvest, habitat loss.
Data source: Literature, field study; inferred.
Comments
Widespread distribution in the Himalayan foothills. Recently collected in
reasonable numbers in Sikkim.
Threats
Threats to the taxon: Habitat loss, harvest of bamboo
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Mickleburgh et al., 1992; Thomas, 1891
Population
Compilers

Reviewers

Sinha Y.P. in Sikkim 1988; Aizwal, 1993, 1995
Distribution in
South Asia
BHUTAN
Ganglakha
INDIA
Arunachal Pradesh
Miao
Namdapha
Mizoram
Aizwal
Lunglei
232
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
27 20
89 20
27 39
27 39
96 15
96 15

Bamboo forest.
No threats.
Sinha, 1988, 1993, 1995.
Bamboo forest.
No threats.
Sinha, 1988, 1993, 1995.
Distribution in
Lat.
South Asia
Uttaranchal
Almora
29 36
Chamoli
30 22
Pithogarh
30 05
West Bengal
Darjeeling
27 02
Goomti
27 02
MYANMAR (NORTHERN)
Leito
Nam Tamai Valley
NEPAL
Eastern Nepal
-
Long.
Notes/Sources
79 40
79 19
80 12

88 20
88 20



Synonyms: Nyctinomus aegyptiacus E. Geoffroy, 1818
Dysopes geoffroyi Temminck, 1826
Nyctinomus tragata Dobson, 1874
Tadarida gossei Wroughton, 1919
Tadarida sindica Wroughton, 1919
Tadarida thomasi Wroughton, 1919
Common names: Bengali: Lomba-leji Chamchika; English: Egyptian Freetailed Bat
Family: Molossidae

Ver. 3.1:
LEAST CONCERN
National Status
Uncertainty
biologists.
Habit: Colonial
Habitat: Open dry habitats
Other status
CITES: Not listed
Niche: Crevices, cracks, narrow spaces, plains

Distribution
Global: Afganistan, Egypt, Bangladesh, India, Oman, Pakistan, Saudi
Arabia, Sri Lanka, West Africa, Yemen
South Asia:
Bangladesh
India: Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh,
Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal
Sri Lanka: Central Province, Uva Province

None
Recommendations
Research: Survey
Sources
Hutson et al., 2001; Khan, 2001; Nagulu et al., 2000; Rao et al., 2000
Compilers
Afghanistan
Reviewers
Data source: Literature, indirect information; Inferred.
Threats
Threats to the taxon: Human interference.
Population

J. Vanitharani, Krishnapuram, Tirunelveli, 2000-2002. Survey of bats of Tirunelveli district on their role in the ecosystem
C. Srinivasulu in Andhra Pradesh, 1995 onwards, Documentation of Chiropteran diversity in Andhra Pradesh
C. Srinivasulu & B. Srinivasulu in Hyderabad city environs, Documentation of Mammalian diversity in and around Hyderabad diversity
233
Distribution in
South Asia
AFGHANISTAN
Kabul
BANGLADESH
no exact locality
INDIA
Andhra Pradesh
Hyderabad
Gujarat
Anand
Bhuj
Rajkot
Vankaneer
Karnataka
Dharwar
Kolar
Kerala
Malabar
Madhya Pradesh
Asirgarh
Burhanpur
Jashpur
Khandwar
Mandu
Maharashtra
Aurangabad
Pune
Rajasthan
Ajmer
Alwar
234
Lat.
Long.
34 30
69 10
Notes/Sources

Khan, 2001
25 24
68 22
Scrub jungle and temples and old

buildings
habitat destruction
Srinivasulu, 1995-2002
22 34
23 12
22 18
22 37
73 01
69 54
70 56
70 56

15 30
23 09
75 04
78 10

10 00
76 15
21 31
21 58
21 16
21 49
22 22
76 22
76 08
81 42
76 23
75 24

19 52
18 31
75 22
73 51

On the wall behind shelters in old
buildings.
Renovation of buildings, habitat
destruction
Korad V.S & Yardi K.D., 19982001, Pradhan, 2001
26 29
27 32
74 40
76 35
Distribution in
South Asia
Banswara
Dundi
Dungarpur
Jhalawar
Jodhpur
Kota
Sawai Madhapur
Sirohi
Tonk
Tamil Nadu
Krishnapuram
Lat.
Long.
23 32
23 53
24 32
26 18
25 11
26 00
24 53
25 52
74 28
73 48
76 12
73 08
75 58
76 28
72 58
75 50

8 44
77 42
Madurai
09 55
78 07
Temple and crevices

Renovation of temples
J. Vanitharani & J. Selwyn, 20002002.
crevices
ectoparasites
Sripathi K., 1978
22 35
88 21
29 06
70 17
26 25
28 25
24 51
27 42
28 09
67 44
69 35
67 16
68 52
69 05

07 32
80 42
06 55
81 07

West Bengal
Kolkata
PAKISTAN
Punjab
Rajanpur
Sind
Bubak
Kashmor
Landhi
Sukkur
Tori
SRI LANKA
Central Province
Mousakande
Uva Province
Galapitakande
Namunukula

Notes/Sources
Tadarida plicata (Buchannan, 1800)
Synonyms: Vespertilio plicatus Buchannan, 1800

Chaerephon plicata insularis Phillips, 1932
Ver. 3.1:
LEAST CONCERN
Common names: Wrinkle-lipped Free-tailed Bat

National Status
Family: Molossidae
Habit: Colonial
Habitat: Spaces behind the old wooden boxes on wall, crevice in rocks
Uncertainty
biologists.
Niche: Crevices in temples, caves, deserted buildings. Up to 923m.

Other status
CITES: Not listed
Distribution
Global: India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka
South Asia:
India: Goa, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya,
Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu
Sri Lanka: Central Province, Western Province

None
Recommendations
Research: Survey, ecological studies
Myanmar (Northern)
Habitat status: Stable in area
Data source: Field study, literature; Observed, inferred.
Threats
Threats to the taxon: Habitat loss, mining. The influence on the population
Population
Comments
There is a smaller, darker subspecies (T.p. insularis) recognized in Sri
Lanka. Sri Lanka & Myanmar populations appear to be stable at present.
Mining activities currently taking place in Myanmar have not yet affected
populations. Small number of very large colonies are known from
Myanmar. The situation elsewhere in the region is not currently known.
Destruction of one large roost (300,000) in Myanmar through the
extraction of limestone by cement industries could have a significant
impact on the abundance of this species in this region. Currently known
from a wide distribution with a reasonable number of localities. However,
the destruction of one or two cave sites which are the roosts of many
thousands of individuals will have a severe impact on the overall
population size
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Buchannan, 1800; Phillips, 1932

Population trend: Stable in the past. Future trends not known.
Data source: Field study, literature; inferred, observed.
Compilers
Reviewers

Bates in Sri Lanka & Myanmar, 1994-2001, bat surveys
Korad, V.S. and Yardi K.D. in Pune, Maharashtra, India, 1998-2001
Sreepada, K.S. in Therhalli, Karnataka, 1993
235
Lat.
Asia
INDIA
Goa
Molem
15 20
Karnataka
Therhalli
Madhya Pradesh
Khandwa
Maharashtra
Karla
Pune
Meghalaya
Tura
Punjab
Ludhiana
Rajasthan
Mount Abu
Rajasthan
Long.
Notes/Sources
74 15
Forests (1)
Sreepada, 1993
21 49
76 23
18 48
18 31
73 30
73 51

Old buildings
Destruction of habitat
Korad
25 32
90 14
30 56
75 52
24 41
72 50

Museum specimen
Dr. Sinha, 1980
Lat.
Asia
Allahabad
25 57
Agra
27 09
West Bengal
Kolkata
22 35
Puttahaut
Tamil Nadu
near Madras
MYANMAR (NORTHERN)
Hpa-an
-
Moulmein
SRI LANKA
Central Province
Kumbalgamuwa
Western Province
Bulathsinghala
Uttar Pradesh
236
Long.
Notes/Sources
81 50
78 00

88 21
-

16 30
97 39
Large limestone cave, paddyforest;

Potentially cement mining
Bates, 1999
07 08
80 50
06 39
80 13
Rock faces and forest;

no threats
NOT EVALUATED
Synonyms: Cephalotes teniotis Rafinesque, 1814

Dysopes rupelii Temminck, 1826
Nyctinomus insignis Blyth, 1862
Common names: European Free-tailed Bat

Habit: Solitary or colonial
The occurrence of this species in India is thought to be a vagrant. It is

known that vagrants of the species have been found elsewhere (in Africa),
many miles from its known range.
Habitat: Arid areas
1997 C.A.M.P. (Ver. 2.3): Not Evaluated
Niche: Crevices or in the roofs of cliffs
Uncertainty
biologists.
Ver. 3.1:
Distribution
Global: Afghanistan, India, France, Morocco, Portugal, to South China,
Taiwan
South Asia:
India: West Bengal
NOT EVALUATED
Other status
CITES: Not listed
None
Afghanistan
Recommendations
Research:

Management:
Comments
Occasional vagrant to the region. Populations only in Afghanistan and not
in other parts of south Asia. Apparently a rare migrant, only known to
date from one locality form in India (Bates & Harrison, 1997).

Data source:
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Blyth, E. 1862; Rafinesque, C.S. 1814;
Temminck, C.J. 1824-27
Threats
Threats to the taxon:
Population
Compilers
Reviewers

Data source:

None
Asia
AFGHANISTAN
Kabul
INDIA
West Bengal
Kurseong
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
34 30
69 10
26 54
88 21
237
Synonyms: Taphozous brevicaudus Blyth, 1841

Taphozous cantori Blyth, 1842
Taphozous fulvidus Blyth, 1841
Common names: Bengali: Tholeyjukta Chamchika; English: Long-winged

Tomb Bat
National Status
Nepal: Data Deficient
Ver. 3.1:
Family: Emballonuridae
LEAST CONCERN
Habit: Colonial
Uncertainty
Habitat: Wide range of climatic tolerance

Niche: Old ruins, caves, treeholes. Up to 1200m.
Distribution
Global: India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka
South Asia:
Bangladesh
India: Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala,
Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura,
Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal
Nepal
Sri Lanka: Northern Province, Eastern Province, Uva Province, Western
Province
Other status
CITES: Not listed
India: Hazaribagh Wildlife Sanctuary, Jharkhand; Kanha National Park,
Madhya Pradesh.
Recommendations
Research: Survey, genetic research, taxonomic research, life history
Comments
This species was not recorded by Yapa & Digana during their survey
between 1996-2000 in Sri Lanka. Widely distributed in Bangladesh
common (Khan, 2001).
Myanmar (Northern)
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Blyth, 1841; Blyth, 1842; Harshey & Chandra,
2001; Hardwicke, 1825; Hutson et al., 2001, Khan, 2001

Compilers
Data source:
Threats
Threats to the taxon: Human interference.
Reviewers
Population


Bates et al, Elephant Island 1992;
Agarwal et al, Midnapore, West Bengal, 1992.
D.S.Joshi, Ahmednagar, India, December 2001, Population dynamics.
J. Vanitharani, Murappanadu VOC distr, TN, India, 1994, Survey
K.M. Swe, Mon & Nyaungoo in Myanmar, 2000-2001
238
Distribution in
South Asia
BANGLADESH
no exact locality
INDIA
Andhra Pradesh
Balapalli Range
Palkonda hills
Bihar
Begusarai
Bhojpur
Champaran
Chapra
Darbhanga
Inampur
Nimiaghat
Patna
Purmea
Saran
Sharsa
Vaishali
Gujarat
Ahmedabad
Anand
Baroda
Broach
Bulsar
Deogad
Lunwa
Mandra
Mandvi
Mehmadabad
Palanpur
Jharkhand
Giridih
Hazaribagh
Singhbhum
Karnataka
Dharwar
Kolar
Mangalagangotri
Sagar
Sirsi
Vijaynagar
Kerala
Ernakulam
Madhya Pradesh
Balaghat
Binaganj
Gwalior
Hoshangabad
Jabalpur
Kanha National
Park
Mandla
Sohagpur
Maharashtra
Ahmednagar
Amravathi
Arnala
Bandra
Bombay
Chanda
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
Khan, 2001
13 50
13 50
79 15
79 00

25 25
25 34
27 06
25 46
26 10
23 56
25 37
25 47
24 29
25 49
86 08
84 40
84 29
84 44
85 54
86 07
85 12
87 28
86 19
85 25

23 03
22 34
22 19
21 40
20 36
21 22
21 16
21 16
22 51
24 12
72 40
73 01
73 14
73 02
73 03
73 25
73 22
73 22
72 46
72 29

24 10
24 00
23 30
86 20
85 23
85 50

15 30
23 09
12 54
16 37
14 40
15 20
75 04
78 10
74 51
76 45
74 51
76 28

K.S. Sreepada, 1990
10 00
76 16
Open country
A. Madhavan, 1993
24 03
26 12
22 44
23 10
77 00
78 09
77 45
79 59

Chandra, 2001
22 43
78 14

19 08
74 48
Cracks/ crevices in rocks, buildings

Human disturbance
D. S. Joshi, December 2001
19 52
19 04
18 56
19 58
72 42
72 58
72 51
79 21
Distribution in
South Asia
Elephanta
Khandala
Khed
Malvan
Nagpur
Panchgani
Ratnagiri
Orissa
Konark
Rajasthan
Kota
Nasirabad
Tamil Nadu
Cumbum
Madras
Murappanadu
Lat.
Long.
18 54
18 45
17 44
16 05
21 10
17 56
17 00
72 58
73 25
73 25
73 30
79 12
73 49
73 20

19 52
86 12
25 11
26 16
75 58
74 42

09 44
13 05
08 44
77 19
80 18
77 42
Tirthamalai
Travancore
Tripura
Agartala
Uttar Pradesh
Varanasi
West Bengal
Darjeeling
Ganespur
Kolkata
Krishna Nagar
Midnapur
12 06
09 00
78 36
77 00

Temple crevices
Human disturbances
23 50
91 23
25 20
83 00
27 02
22 35
23 22
22 25
88 20
88 21
88 32
87 24
Nadia
Salbani
South 24-Parganas
Varddhaman
MYANMAR
(NORTHERN)
Kin
Kisi
Mandalay
Mon Nyaung oo
30 22
22 25
22 22
21 59
76 12
87 24
88 25
72 54

Agarwal et al., 1992; Bates &
Harrison, 1997
22 45
22 05
21 57
-
94 45
95 12
96 04
-
Monywa
Pagan
Pegu
Rangoon
Sitpinzeik
Tatkon
Toungoo
Yin
NEPAL
no exact locality
SRI LANKA
Northern Province
Cheddikulam
Eastern Province
Kantalai Tank
Trincomalee
Uva Province
Medagama
Western Province
Anasigala
Colombo
Matugama
22 05
21 07
17 18
16 47
17 22
23 50
22 45
95 12
94 53
96 31
96 10
96 31
94 30
94 46

Cave, tree
Swe, 2000-2001
08 40
80 18
08 22
08 34
81 00
81 13

07 02
81 17
06 29
06 55
06 32
80 03
79 52
80 05

Notes/Sources
239
Synonyms: Taphozous bicolor Temminck, 1841
Common names: Bengali: Darijukta; English: Black-bearded Tomb Bat
Ver. 3.1: LEAST CONCERN
National Status
Habit: Colonial
Niche: Caves, old mines, tunnels, temples. Up to 200m.
Uncertainty
biologists.
Distribution
Global: India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka
South Asia:
Bangladesh
India: Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh,
Goa, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Rajasthan,
Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu
Province, Sabaragamuwa Province, Western Province
Other status
CITES: Not listed
India: Kanha National Park, Satpura National Park, Madhya Pradesh.
Recommendations
Research: Survey, life history
Myanmar (Northern)
Management: Monitoring, husbandry

Comments
Habitat status: Loss of habitat, change in quality of habitat.
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Harshey & Chandra, 2001; Hutson et al., 2001;
Khan, 2001; Temminck, 1841
Data source: Indirect information, literature; Inferred

Threats
Threats to the taxon: Hunting, human interference.
Population
Compilers
Reviewers


Sinha in Gujarat 1976, Madurai, 1978, Rajasthan, 1981
Bates et al in Maharashtra 1992;
J. Vanitharani in Tirunelveli 1992-96;
M.K. Chandrasekharan & R. Subbaraj inMadurai 1977-1990; ZRS, Pune collection.
J. Vanitharani; Srivaikundam, India. 1991-98. Wing morphology and ectoparasites, bodyweight cycles.
J. Prabha & J. Vanitharani in Shenbagaramanallur. 2000 onwards. Bat survey.
S. Kandula in Ellora caves. 2002-January. Tourism.
J.K. Immanuel & D.P. Doss in Krishnapuram, Vittilapuram, Palayamkottai. 1998-2001. Temple-survey.
Yapa & Digana. Sri Lanka. 1996-1999. Survey
Madhavan in Kochi & Trichur, Kerala, 1993-2002
C. Srinivasulu at Hyderabad city environs, Andhra Pradesh, 1995 onwards
240
Asia
BANGLADESH
no exact locality
INDIA
Andaman & Nicobar
islands
Mandapahar
Taramangalam
Andhra Pradesh
Balapalli range
Hyderabad
Secundrabad
Bihar
Patna
Chhattisgarh
Jashpur
Goa
Colva
Gujarat
Bansda
Gurudeshwar
Mandla
Karnataka
Badami
Jog
Kyasanur
Pattadkal
Vijaynagar
Kerala
Bimalnagari
Ernakulam
Kochi
Madhya Pradesh
Asirgarh
Betul
Burhanpur
Chhindwara
Hoshangabad
Jabalpur
Kanha National Park
Lumataghat
Mandu
Mundra
Narsingarh
Orcha
Richhai
Satpura National Park
Maharashtra
Ajanta
Alibag
Aurangabad
Chilkalda
Daulatabad
Ellora
Helwak
Kanheri
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
Lat.
Long.
21 10
21 16
20 19
16 38
-
79 12
77 06
75 10
73 32
-

20 13
20 26
19 52
85 50
85 56
86 12

27 40
75 32
08 05
09 52
09 55
77 35
78 09
78 07
Nagarcoil
Palayamkoltai
08 11
8 44
77 30
77 42
Shendagaramanallur
Sri Vaikundam
08 40
77 56
Suchundrum

Caves
human interference
R. Subbaraj, 1975-78
Koodalur Perumal temple
Human interference
Raghuram & Marimuthu, 2000-till
date
Bhat & Srinivasan, '90
Temple
Human interference
J. Vaniltharani, 1991-till date
Temple
Human interference
J. Vanitharani, 1991 onwards
Temple
Human interference
Thirupparangundram
9 58
78 10

Churchtower and schoolbuilding
Human interference
Madhavan, 1993-2002
Thiruvedagam
9 58
78 10
Vittilapuram
MYANMAR (NORTHERN)
Mingun
22 00
Pagan
21 07
SRI LANKA
Central Province
Sigiriya
07 57
Galapitigala
08 02
Rajagivilena
08 21
Narramale
07 25
Bulathsinhala pitiya
near Bulikolapitiya
Paiheirgala
Western Province
Bulathsinghala
06 39
Matugama
06 32
Paiyagala
06 33
Khan, 2001
11 50
-
92 50
-

Sreepada K.S., 1987-1993
13 50
25 24
79 15
68 22

Golkonda fort and other old
buildings
Human habitation and tourism
Srinivasulu, C, 1995 onward
17 27
78 27
25 37
85 12
Temples, old buildings;

Human habitation
Sinha Y.P., 1977-81
21 16
81 42
15 50
73 57
20 47
21 40
-
73 25
73 02
-

15 58
14 12
-
75 45
74 41
-

Rock clefts, temples
human interference; habitat
destruction
Bhat & Srinivasan, '90
16 00
15 20
75 47
76 28
10 00
-
76 16
-
21 31
21 58
23 10
76 22
76 08
79 59
22 22
23 50
24 00
25 21
-
75 24
78 44
79 29
78 38
-

& Chandra, 2001
20 30
18 38
19 52
21 29
19 57
20 04
17 23
19 13
75 48
72 55
75 22
77 12
75 18
75 15
73 47
72 59

Asia
Nagpur
Narnala
Pittalkora
Rajapur
Raysen
Orissa
Bhubaneshwar
Cuttack
Konark
Rajasthan
Udaipur
Tamil Nadu
Cape Comorin
Keela kuyil Kudu
Madurai
Notes/Sources
Temple
Human interference
Raghuram & Marimuthu, 2000-till
date
Temple
Human interference
J. Balasingh, '90
Temple
Human interference
95 58
94 53

80 46
80 45
80 30

80 13

80 13
80 05
79 59

241
Taphozous nudiventris Cretzschmer, 1830-31
Synonyms: Taphozous kachhensis Dobson, 1872
Common names: Naked-rumped Tomb Bat
Ver. 3.1:
National Status
Habitat: Temperate, tropical and arid regions.

Niche: Crevices of rocks, houses, tunnels, forts
LEAST CONCERN
Uncertainty
biologists.
Distribution
Global: Afghanistan, India, Pakistan
South Asia:
India: Bihar, Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, New
Delhi, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal
Afghanistan
Myanmar (Northern)
Other status
CITES: Not listed
India: Kanha National Park, Madhya Pradesh.
Recommendations
Research: Survey

Comments
Habitat loss due to urbanisation and ignorancy of government with regard
to maintenance of historical buildings like forts.
Threats
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Cretzschmer, 1830-31, Dobson, 1872, Harshey &
Chandra, 2001; Hutson et al., 2001
Compilers
Srinivasulu
Population
Reviewers


Senacha K. R. and Purohit A.K. in Jodhpur & Jaisalmer, 2001, Ecology and demographic changes among bats of Thar desert with special reference to
Jodhpur, Jaisalmer and Bikenar. Maharashtra,
Joshi in Tondali dam area & Khallachi, Thane dist., Maharashtra, April 2001
H.R. Bhat in Chitradurga, Karnataka, 1971-1989
242
Distribution in
South Asia
AFGHANISTAN
Jalalabad
Kandahar
near Kabul river
INDIA
Bihar
Bodh Gaya
Sasaram
Gujarat
Ahmedabad
Anand
Baroda
Bhuj
Bochasam
Broach
Deesa
Junagadh
Keshod
Rajkot
Vankaneer
Vedtial
Karnataka
Aihole
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
34 26
31 36
-
70 25
65 47
-

24 48
24 58
85 00
84 01

23 03
22 34
22 19
23 12
22 25
21 40
24 14
21 31
21 17
22 18
22 37
-
72 40
73 01
73 14
69 54
72 51
73 02
72 13
70 28
71 32
70 56
70 56
-

Badami
Pattadkal
15 58
16 00
75 45
75 47
Sirsi
Sivasamudram
Vijaynagar
Madhya Pradesh
Gwalior
14 40
12 16
15 20
74 51
77 08
76 28
Wet evergreen forest

Loss of habitat
H.R. Bhat, 1971-1989
Wet evergreen forest
Loss of habitat
Sreepada et al, 1971-1989;
26 12
78 09
Jabalpur
Kanha National Park
Khajurao
Madan Mahal
Morar
Richhai
Sabalgarh
Sanchi
Maharashtra
Ajanta
Aurangabad
Ellora
Khallachi, Thane
24 52
26 15
26 15
23 28
79 55
80 14
77 24
77 42
20 30
19 52
20 04
-
75 48
75 22
75 15
-
Tondali, Thane
New Delhi
New Delhi
28 37
77 13

& Chandra, 2001
Hilly tropical
Loss of habitat
D.S. Joshi, 2001
Hilly tropical
Loss of habitat
D.S. Joshi, 2001
Distribution in
South Asia
Rajasthan
Ajmer
Banswara
Bundi
Dungarpur
Jaipur
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
26 29
23 32
25 28
23 53
26 53
74 40
74 28
75 42
73 48
75 50

Arid, semi arid regions
Loss of habitat due to
urbanization and ignorance of the
government to maintain the
historical forts, renovation and
tourism
in some parts.
Senacha K.R., 2001
Arid, semi arid regions
Loss of habitat due to
urbanization and ignorance of the
government to maintain the
historical forts, renovation and
tourism
in some parts.
Senacha K.R., 2001
76 12
73 08
75 58
73 26
76 28
72 58
75 50

78 00
82 54
77 39

78 07
88 21
88 32

94 53
73 44
73 36

69 35
68 42
69 05
70 02

Annapurna Bandav,
Rajmahal palace,
Sonar fort, Jaisalmer;
Rajaman; Amarsagar
garden, Amarsagar
village, Jaisalmer;
Mander deval,
Mandov garden,
Jodhpur, Rajasthan
(4 locations)
Jhalawar
24 32
Jodhpur
26 18
Kota
25 11
Pali
25 46
Sawai Madhopur
26 00
Sirohi
24 53
Tonk
25 52
Sikkim
Sikkim
Uttar Pradesh
Agra
27 09
Chunar
25 08
Fatehpur Sikri
27 06
Tamil Nadu
Madurai
09 55
West Bengal
Kolkata
22 35
Sivok
26 50
MYANMAR (NORTHERN)
Pagan
21 07
PAKISTAN
Punjab
Jhelum
32 57
Rohtas
32 58
Sind
Kashmor
28 25
Kot Diji
27 21
Tori
28 09
Sadikabad
28 18
243
Taphozous perforatus E. Geoffroy, 1818
LEAST CONCERN
Common names: Egyptian Tomb Bat
Ver. 3.1:
Habit: Colonial.
National Status
Niche: Caves, old ruins, buildings, wells, tunnels. 200m.

Distribution
Global: India, Pakistan
LEAST CONCERN
Uncertainty
biologists.
South Asia:
India: Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan
Pakistan: Sind
Other status
CITES: Not listed

None
Recommendations
Research: Survey
Habitat status: change in quality of habitat.
Threats
Threats to the taxon: Human interference, habitat loss.
Comments
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Geoffroy, 1818; Harshey & Chandra, 2001;
Hutson et al., 2001
Population
Compilers

Reviewers

Sinha, Gujarat, 1981, Rajasthan, 1980; Bates et al., Ahmedabad, 1992
Distribution in South Asia from literature and recent field sightings

Distribution in
South Asia
INDIA
Gujarat
Gujarat
Bhuj
Rajkot
Ahmedabad
Bochasam
Chaklasi
Mehmadabad
Rajpipla
Madhya Pradesh
244
Lat.
Long.
23 12
22 18
23 03
22 25
22 44
22 51
21 49
69 54
70 56
72 40
72 51
73 01
72 46
73 36
Notes/Sources
large wells in urban areas (11.5)

Bates & Muni, 1993
Distribution in
South Asia
Jabalpur
Rajasthan
Jodhpur
Dunjarpur
Barmer
Jaisalmer
Jalawar
PAKISTAN
Sind
Jatti
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
23 10
79 59

& Chandra, 2001
26 18
23 53
25 43
26 53
-
73 08
73 48
71 25
75 50
-

24 22
68 17

Synonym: Taphozous crassus Blyth 1844
Taphozous pulcher Blyth, 1844

Ver. 3.1:
Common names: Bengali: Jhalor-leji Chamchika; English: Pouch-bearing

Bat
LEAST CONCERN
National Status:
Habitat: Mainly from hollows of decayed trunks of jaggary palm.
Niche: Up to 1200 m.
Distribution
Global: Australia, Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Southeast Asia to
Solomon Island
South Asia:
Bangladesh
India: Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya
Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Orissa, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal
Sri Lanka: North Central Province, Western Province, Uva Province
Uncertainty
Other status
CITES: Not listed
India: Campbell Bay National Park, Andaman & Nicbar Island; Kanha
National Park, Madhya Pradesh
Recommendations
Research: Survey, basic ecology
Management: Monitoring, habitat research

Area of Occupancy: 2,000 sq km.
Locations/subpopulations: > 20 / Not known. Fragmented
Habitat status: Decline in habitat due to logging and change in quality due
to human interference.
Comments
Flies rapidly at high attitude. Very widespread species. Isolated population
in Nicobar Island and Mirzapur in Uttar Pradesh. Small colonies but
widespread and scattered localities. Most common of all Sheath-tailed
bats, distributed all over the country (Khan, 2001).
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Blyth, 1844; Temminck, 1838

Threats
Threats to the taxon: No threats.
Population
Compilers
Reviewers

Data source: Literature; inferred; hypothetical.

None
245

Asia
BANGLADESH
widely distributed
no exact location
INDIA
Andaman & Nicobar
islands
Campbell Bay
Gujarat
Anand
Karnataka
Gersoppa
Jellopur
Kadakola
Mangi
Sirsi
Kerala
Ernakulam
Kottegudu
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
Khan, 2001
07 00
93 45
22 34
73 01
14 12
15 00
12 18
14 40
74 42
74 45
76 37
74 51

10 00
10 32
76 16
76 14
Pallipuram
10 32
76 14
Paralam
Silent Valley
10 32
10 46
76 14
76 42
Venginisseri
10 32
76 14

Palm trees
A. Madhavan, 1993
Palm trees
A. Madhavan, 1993
A. Madhavan, 1993
Tropical evergreen forest, ZSI
Survey, P.K. Das, 1991
Palm trees
A. Madhavan, 1993
Madhya Pradesh
246
Asia
Balaghat
Kanha National Park
Mandla
Maharashtra
Bombay
Meghalaya
Phulbari
Orissa
Koira
Uttar Pradesh
Mirzapur
West Bengal
Chandra
Churpurni
SRI LANKA
Polonnaruwa
Western Province
Anasigalla
Colombo
Dehiwala
Gangodawila
Paiyagalla
Uva Province
Dammeria
Passara hills
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources

18 56
72 51
25 55
90 03
21 50
85 12
27 41
79 33
22 26
-
87 21
-

07 56
81 02
06 29
06 55
06 52
06 33
80 03
79 52
79 52
79 59

06 57
06 58
81 09
81 09

Synonyms: Taphozous theobaldi secatus Thomas, 1915
Common names: Theobald's Bat
Ver. 3.1:
Of the six locations having 7,000 bats, one location was burnt which
resulted at least 3,000 bats killed.
VULNERABLE
A2a
Habit: Insectivorous, occurs in big colonies

1997 C.A.M.P. (Ver. 2.3):
Data deficient
Habitat: Ruins temples, dry scrubland, cave dweller

Uncertainty
Niche: Up to 1200m
Other status
CITES: Not listed
Distribution
Global: India and South East Asia
South Asia:
India: Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra
Myanmar (Northern)

India: Silent Valley National Park, Kerala; Bhimshankar Wildlife
Sanctuary, Maharashtra
Recommendations
Research: Survey


Locations/subpopulations: 6 / Not known. Fragmented.
Data source: Field study, literature; observed, inferred
Threats
Threats to the taxon: Human interference, cave disturbance.
Population
Population trend: >30% decline in the last 10 years.
Comments
There are 6 known localities of its occurrence. Burning of bat roosting site
at Ahmednagar, Maharashtra. (about 3000 bats). Average locality
number taken is 1000 and 6 locations (Number in four colonies - 1000,
400, 100, 3000 recorded)
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Dobson, 1872; Harshey & Chandra, 2001;
Hutson et al., 2001; Thomas, 1915.
Compilers
Reviewers
Data source: Field study, observed.

D.S. Joshi, Ahmednagar, Survey and monitoring for 7 years
Lat.
Asia
INDIA
Karnataka
Krishnapur
15 20
Yana
Kerala
Silent Valley National
Park
Madhya Pradesh
Asirgarh
East Nimar
Jabalpur
West Nimar
21 31
-
Long.
74 22
-
76 22
-
Notes/Sources

Degraded forest ? (H.R. Bhat &
M.A. Sreenivasan, 1990)

Lat.
Asia
Richhai
Maharashtra
Bhimashankar
-
Dashmi Gavan
Evergreen forest
G.H. Koli & D.S. Joshi, 2000
Scrubland old darga muslim
prayer place
Colony burnt about 3000 bats
died
G.H. Koli & D.S. Joshi, 2001
MYANMAR (NORTHERN)
Kajin state
-
Long.
Notes/Sources
Caves
K. M. Swe, 1999
247
Common names: Persian Trident Bat
Family: Hipposideridae
Ver. 3.1:
Since the Pakistan population is isolated from the rest of the population,
because of its restricted distribution, the status is accorded out of
precaution.
Niche: Loose bark of Date Palm and space between palm trees,
underground channels, crevices and cliffs.
VULNERABLE
D2
Uncertainty
Distribution
Global: Africa, Iran, Pakistan, South Arabia
Other status
CITES: Not listed
South Asia:
Pakistan: Sind

None
Recommendations
Research: Survey

Habitat status: Not known.
Data source: Literature; Observed.
Comments
Threats
Sources
Population
Compilers
S. Mistry, M.S. Pradhan, Y.P. Sinha, C. Srinivasulu, A. Thabah, K.M. Swe

Reviewers


None

Lat.
Asia
PAKISTAN
Sind
Gharo
24 44
248
Long.
67 36
Notes/Sources
Tylonycteris pachypus (Temminck, 1840)
Synonyms: Vespertilio pachypus Temminck, 1840

Tylonycteris rubidus Thomas, 1915
Scotophilus fulvidus Blyth, 1859
Tylonycteris aurex Thomas, 1915
Ver. 3.1:
Common names: Bamboo Bat, Club-footed Bat, Flat-headed Bat
NEAR THREATENED
The habitat is under threat due to deforestation and human interference

for commerce. Threats are affecting the population of the species and are
likely to continue into the future.
National Status
Habit: Solitary to small colonies (10-20)

Habitat: Tropical forests, bamboo forest
Uncertainty
biologists.
Niche: Bamboo forests. 462-1262m.

Distribution
Global: Bangladesh, India, Myanmar
South Asia:
Bangladesh
India: Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Karnataka, Kerala, Manipur,
Meghalaya, Mizoram, Sikkim, West Bengal
Myanmar (Northern)
Other status
CITES: Not listed
None
Recommendations
Research: Survey, genetic research, taxonomic research

Comments
Abundant locations and habitat. Not currently threatened.
Locations/subpopulations: 33 / many.
Habitat status: Loss of habitat and change in quality of habitat.
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Blyth, 1859; Temminck, 1840

Threats
Threats to the taxon: Human interference, habitat loss. The influence on
a threat.
Compilers
Reviewers
Population
Mature individuals: > 10,000. Mature individuals declined in the past by
<10% in the last 10 years and likely to decline by <10% in the next 10
years.
Data source: Literature

None
249

Lat.
Asia
BANGLADESH
Luskerpore Valley
24 20
INDIA
Wimberleyganj
11 50
Karnataka
Astoli
15 26
Belgaum
15 54
Dharwar
15 30
Haleri
12 31
Honkan
14 30
Hulekal
14 42
Kardibetta forest
14 08
Sagar
16 37
Samasgi
14 40
Sirsi
14 40
Srimangala
12 01
Kerala
Thrissur
10 32
Manipur
Manipur
Meghalaya
250
Long.
Notes/Sources
91 30
92 45
74 30
74 36
75 04
75 40
75 10
74 46
75 20
76 45
75 10
74 51
76 00

76 14
Lat.
Asia
Cherrapunji
25 16
Kherapara
25 28
Sanapahar
Mizoram
Sangao
23 30
Sikkim
Sikkim
West Bengal
Darjeeling
27 02
Kalimpong
27 02
Nimbong
27 04
Pashok
27 04
Sangser
27 04
Sivok
26 50
MYANMAR (NORTHERN)
Dawe
17 55
Hkamti
17 55
Htingnan
26 36
Kindat
23 42
Pyaunggaung
22 38
Se 'en
Tatkon
23 50
Long.
Notes/Sources
91 42
90 13
-

93 00
88 20
88 34
88 25
88 24
88 30
88 32

96 40
96 40
97 53
94 29
97 22
94 30

NOT EVALUATED
Common names: Greater Flat-headed Bat
Habit: Solitary or colonial
Ver. 3.1:
Habitat: Arid areas
1997 C.A.M.P. (Ver. 2.3): Not Evaluated
Niche: Crevices or in the roofs of cliffs
Uncertainty
biologists.
Distribution
Global: Northeast India, to Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and
the Philippines
South Asia:
India: Mizoram
NOT EVALUATED
Other status
CITES: Not listed
Not known
Northern Myanmar
Recommendations
Research:

Management:
Locations/subpopulations: Not known
Comments
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Thomas, 1915
Threats
Compilers
Population
Reviewers


None

Lat.
Asia
INDIA
Mizoram
Sangao
23 30
NORTHERN MYANMAR
Htingnan
26 36
Long.
Notes/Sources
93 00
97 53
251
Common names: Particoloured Bat
Ver. 3.1:
Habit: Insectivorous, males roost alone, females small colony
Uncertainty
NEAR THREATENED
Habitat: Attics of houses, hollow trees, behind loose bark, urban areas
Other status
CITES: Not listed
Niche: Crevices. 20-40m.

Distribution
Global: Afghanistan, Pakistan. Sweden, Western Europe to Eastern
Siberia

None
South Asia:
Pakistan: Northern areas
Recommendations
Afghanistan
Comments
Widespread species in Afghanistan & Pakistan. No information on
populations, habitat, trends or threats.
Sources
Bates & Harrison, 1997; Hutson et al., 2001; Linnaeus, 1758.
Habitat status: Habitat loss, change in quality due to war.
Data source: Literature, indirect information; Inferred.
Threats
Threats to the taxon: Exploitation, accidental mortality, war. The influence
on the population well understood, not reversible and have not ceased to
be a threat.
Compilers
Reviewers
Population

None

AFGHANISTAN
Maimana
Jalalabad (south)
PAKISTAN
Northern areas
Gilgit
252
Lat.
Long.
Notes/Sources
35 54
64 43
34 26
76 25
25 miles east of Maimana

35 54
74 20
Maps
1. Areilulus circumdatus (Temminck, 1840)
2. Barbastella leucomelas (Cretzschmar, 1830/31)

TDS 53
3. Coelops frithii Blyth, 1848
TDS 55
4. Cynopterus brachyotis (Mller, 1838)

TDS 57
5. Cynopterus sphinx (Vahl, 1797)
TDS 58
6. Eonycteris spelaea (Dobson, 1871)

TDS 60
TDS 64
255
7. Eptesicus bottae (Peters, 1869)
8. Eptesicus gobiensis Bobrinskii, 1926

TDS 66
9. Eptesicus nasutus (Dobson, 1877)
TDS 67
10. Eptesicus pachyotis (Dobson, 1871)

TDS 68
11. Eptesicus serotinus (Schreber, 1774)
TDS 69
12. Eptesicus tatei Ellerman & Morrison-Scott, 1951

TDS 70
256
TDS 72
13. Harpiocephalus harpia (Temminck, 1840)
14. Harpiocephalus mordax Thomas, 1923

TDS 73
15. Hesperoptenus tickelli (Blyth, 1851)
TDS 75
16. Hipposideros armiger (Hodgson, 1835)

TDS 76
17. Hipposideros ater Templeton, 1848
TDS 78
18. Hipposideros cineraceus Blyth, 1853

TDS 80
TDS 82
257
19. Hipposideros diadema (E. Geoffroy, 1813)
20. Hipposideros durgadasi (Khajuria, 1970)

TDS 84
21. Hipposideros fulvus Gray, 1838
TDS 85
22. Hipposideros galeritus Cantor, 1846

TDS 86
23. Hipposideros hypophyllus Kock & Bhat, 1994
TDS 88
24. Hipposideros lankadiva Kelaart, 1850

TDS 90
258
TDS 91
25. Hipposideros larvatus (Horsfield, 1823)
26. Hipposideros pomona Andersen, 1918

TDS 93
27. Hipposideros speoris (Schneider, 1800)
TDS 95
28. Ia io Thomas, 1902

TDS 97
29. Kerivoula hardwickii (Horsfield, 1824)
TDS 100
30. Kerivoula papillosa Temminck, 1840

TDS 101
TDS 103
259
31. Kerivoula picta (Pallas, 1767)
32. Latidens salimalii Thonglongya, 1972

TDS 104
33. Macroglossus sobrinus (K. Andersen, 1911)
TDS 106
4. Megaderma lyra E. Geoffroy, 1810

TDS 108
35. Megaderma spasma (Linnaeus, 1758)
TDS 109
36. Megaerops niphanae Yenbutra & Felten, 1983

TDS 112
260
TDS 114
37. Miniopterus pusillus Dobson, 1876
38. Miniopterus schreibersii (Kuhl, 1819)

TDS 115
39. Murina aurata (Milne-Edwards, 1872)
TDS 116
40. Murina cyclotis Dobson, 1872

TDS 118
41. Murina grisea Peters, 1872
TDS 119
42. Murina huttoni (Peters, 1872)

TDS 121
TDS 122
261
43. Murina leucogaster (Milne-Edwards, 1872)
44. Murina tubularis (Scully, 1881)

TDS 123
45. Myotis annectans (Dobson, 1871)
TDS 124
46. Myotis blythii (Tomes, 1857)

TDS 125
47. Myotis csorbai Topal, 1997
TDS 126
48. Myotis daubentonii (Kuhl, 1819)

TDS 128
262
TDS 129
49. Myotis formosus (Hodgson, 1835)
50. Myotis hasseltii (Temminck, 1840)

TDS 130
51. Myotis horsfieldii (Temminck, 1840)
TDS 132
52. Myotis longipes (Dobson, 1873)

TDS 133
53. Myotis montivagus (Dobson, 1874)
TDS 134
54. Myotis muricola (Gray, 1846)

TDS 136
TDS 137
263
55. Myotis mystacinus (Kuhl, 1819)
56. Myotis sicarius Thomas, 1915

TDS 139
57. Myotis siligorensis (Horsfield, 1855)
TDS 141
58. Nyctalus leisleri (Kuhl, 1819)

TDS 142
59. Nyctalus montanus (Barrett-Hamilton, 1906)
TDS 143
60. Nyctalus noctula (Schreber, 1774)

TDS 144
264
TDS 145
61. Otomops wroughtonii (Thomas, 1913)
62. Otonycteris hemiprichii Peters, 1859

TDS 147
63. Philetor brachypterus (Temminck, 1840)
TDS 149
64. Pipistrellus abramus (Temminck, 1840)

TDS 150
65. Pipistrellus affinis (Dobson, 1871)
TDS 151
66. Pipistrellus cadorne Thomas, 1916

TDS 152
TDS 154
265
67. Pipistrellus ceylonicus (Kelaart, 1852)
68. Pipistrellus coromandra (Gray, 1838)

TDS 155
69. Pipistrellus dormeri (Dobson, 1875)
TDS 157
70. Pipistrellus javanicus (Gray, 1838)

TDS 160
71. Pipistrellus kuhlii (Kuhl, 1819)
TDS 163
72. Pipistrellus paterculus Thomas, 1915

TDS 165
266
TDS 167
73. Pipistrellus pipistrellus (Schreber, 1774)
74. Pipistrellus savii (Bonaparte, 1837)

TDS 168
75. Pipistrellus tenuis (Temminck, 1840)
TDS 170
76. Plecotus auritus (Linnaeus, 1758)

TDS 171
77. Plecotus austriacus (Fischer, 1829)
TDS 174
78. Pteropus faunulus (Miller, 1902)

TDS 176
TDS 177
267
79. Pteropus giganteus (Brnnich, 1782)
80. Pteropus hypomelanus Temminck, 1853

TDS 178
81. Pteropus melanotus Blyth, 1863
TDS 183
82. Pteropus vampyrus Linnaeus, 1758

TDS 184
83. Rhinolophus affinis Horsfield, 1823
TDS 185
84. Rhinolophus beddomei Andersen, 1905

TDS 186
268
TDS 188
85. Rhinolophus blasii Peters, 1866
86. Rhinolophus cognatus Andersen, 1906

TDS 190
87. Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (Schreber, 1774)
TDS 191
88. Rhinolophus hipposideros (Bechstein, 1800)

TDS 192
89. Rhinolophus lepidus Blyth, 1844
TDS 194
90. Rhinolophus luctus Temminck, 1835

TDS 195
TDS 197
269
91. Rhinolophus macrotis Blyth, 1844
92. Rhinolophus mitratus Blyth, 1844

TDS 199
93. Rhinolophus pearsonii Horsfield, 1851
TDS 200
94. Rhinolophus pusillus Temminck, 1834

TDS 201
95. Rhinolophus rouxii Temminck, 1835
TDS 203
96. Rhinolophus sinicus (Andersen, 1905)

TDS 205
270
TDS 208
97. Rhinolophus subbadius Blyth, 1844
98. Rhinolophus trifoliatus Temminck, 1834

TDS 210
99. Rhinolophus yunanensis Dobson, 1872
TDS 211
100. Rhinopoma hardwickii Gray, 1831

TDS 212
101. Rhinopoma microphyllum (Brnnich, 1782)
TDS 213
102. Rhinopoma muscatellum Thomas, 1903

TDS 215
TDS 217
271
103. Rousettus aegyptiacus (E. Geoffroy, 1810)
104. Rousettus leschenaulti (Desmarest, 1820)

TDS 218
105. Scotoecus pallidus (Dobson, 1876)
TDS 219
106. Scotomanes ornatus (Blyth, 1851)

TDS 222
107. Scotophilus heathii Horsfield, 1831
TDS 224
108. Scotophilus kuhlii Leach, 1821

TDS 226
272
TDS 229
109. Sphaerias blanfordi (Thomas, 1891)
110. Tadarida aegyptiaca (E. Geoffroy, 1818)

TDS 232
111. Tadarida plicata (Buchannan, 1800)
TDS 233
112. Taphozous longimanus Hardwicke, 1825

TDS 235
113. Taphozous melanopogon Temminck, 1841
TDS 238
114. Taphozous nudiventris Cretzschmer, 1830/31

TDS 240
TDS 242
273
115. Taphozous perforatus E. Geoffroy, 1818
116. Taphozous saccolaimus Temminck, 1838

TDS 244
117. Taphozous theobaldi Dobson, 1872
TDS 245
118. Triaenops persicus Dobson, 1871

TDS 247
119. Tylonycteris pachypus (Temminck, 1840)
TDS 248
120. Vespertilio murinus Linnaeus, 1758

TDS 249
274
TDS 252
Appendices
Appendix I
IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria Version 3.1

Prepared by the IUCN Species Survival Commission
As approved by the 51st meeting of the IUCN Council Gland, Switzerland
9 February 2000, IUCN The World Conservation Union, 2001
The Red List Categories and Criteria, Version 3.1 are available at:
http://www.iucn.org/themes/ssc/red-lists.htm1
THE CATEGORIES
A representation of the relationships between the categories is shown in Figure 1 of the Report.
EXTINCT (EX)
A taxon is Extinct when there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. A taxon is presumed
Extinct when exhaustive surveys in known and/or expected habitat, at appropriate times (diurnal, seasonal,
annual), throughout its historic range have failed to record an individual. Surveys should be over a time frame
appropriate to the taxons life cycle and life form.
EXTINCT IN THE WILD (EW)
A taxon is Extinct in the Wild when it is known only to survive in cultivation, in captivity or as a naturalized
population (or populations) well outside the past range. A taxon is presumed Extinct in the Wild when
exhaustive surveys in known and/or expected habitat, at appropriate times (diurnal, seasonal, annual),
throughout its historic range have failed to record an individual. Surveys should be over a time frame
appropriate to the taxons life cycle and life form.
CRITICALLY ENDANGERED (CR)
A taxon is Critically Endangered when the best available evidence indicates that it meets any of the criteria A to
E for Critically Endangered (see Section V), and it is therefore considered to be facing an extremely high risk of
extinction in the wild.
ENDANGERED (EN)
A taxon is Endangered when the best available evidence indicates that it meets any of the criteria A to E for
Endangered (see Section V), and it is therefore considered to be facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild.
VULNERABLE (VU)
A taxon is Vulnerable when the best available evidence indicates that it meets any of the criteria A to E for
Vulnerable (see Section V), and it is therefore considered to be facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
Note: As in previous IUCN categories, the abbreviation of each category (in parenthesis) follows the English
denominations when translated into other languages (see Annex 2).
NEAR THREATENED (NT)
A taxon is Near Threatened when it has been evaluated against the criteria but does not qualify for Critically
Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable now, but is close to qualifying for or is likely to qualify for a threatened
category in the near future.
LEAST CONCERN (LC)
A taxon is Least Concern when it has been evaluated against the criteria and does not qualify for Critically
277
Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable or Near Threatened. Widespread and abundant taxa are included in this
category.
DATA DEFICIENT (DD)
A taxon is Data Deficient when there is inadequate information to make a direct, or indirect, assessment of its
risk of extinction based on its distribution and/or population status. A taxon in this category may be well
studied, and its biology well known, but appropriate data on abundance and/or distribution are lacking. Data
Deficient is therefore not a category of threat. Listing of taxa in this category indicates that more information is
required and acknowledges the possibility that future research will show that threatened classification is
appropriate. It is important to make positive use of whatever data are available.
In many cases great care should be exercised in choosing between DD and a threatened status. If the range of a
taxon is suspected to be relatively circumscribed, and a considerable period of time has elapsed since the last
record of the taxon, threatened status may well be justified.
NOT EVALUATED (NE)
A taxon is Not Evaluated when it is has not yet been evaluated against the criteria.
THE CRITERIA FOR CRITICALLY ENDANGERED, ENDANGERED AND VULNERABLE

CRITICALLY ENDANGERED (CR)
A taxon is Critically Endangered when the best
available evidence indicates that it meets any of the
following criteria (A to E), and it is therefore
considered to be facing an extremely high risk of
extinction in the wild:
A. Reduction in population size based on any of the
following:
1. An observed, estimated, inferred or suspected
population size reduction of > or =90% over the last
10 years or three generations, whichever is the longer,
where the causes of the reduction are clearly
reversible AND understood AND ceased, based on
(and specifying) any of the following:
(a) direct observation
(b) an index of abundance appropriate to the taxon
(c) a decline in area of occupancy, extent of
occurrence and/or quality of habitat
(d) actual or potential levels of exploitation
(e) the effects of introduced taxa, hybridization,
pathogens, pollutants, competitors or parasites.
population size reduction of > or = 80% over the last
where the reduction or its causes may not have ceased
OR may not be understood OR may not be reversible,
278
based on (and specifying) any of (a) to (e) under A1.

3. A population size reduction of > or =80%,
projected or suspected to be met within the next 10
years or three generations, whichever is the longer (up
to a maximum of 100 years), based on (and
specifying) any of (b) to (e) under A1.
4. An observed, estimated, inferred, projected or
suspected population size reduction of > or = 80%
over any 10 year or three generation period,
whichever is longer (up to a maximum of 100 years in
the future), where the time period must include both
the past and the future, and where the reduction or its
causes may not have ceased OR may not be
understood OR may not be reversible, based on (and
specifying) any of (a) to (e) under A1.
B. Geographic range in the form of either B1 (extent
of occurrence) OR B2 (area of occupancy) OR both:
1. Extent of occurrence estimated to be less than 100
km2, and estimates indicating at least two of ac:
a. Severely fragmented or known to exist at only a
single location.
b. Continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected,
in any of the following:
(i) extent of occurrence
(ii) area of occupancy
(iii) area, extent and/or quality of habitat

(iv) number of locations or subpopulations
(v) number of mature individuals.
c. Extreme fluctuations in any of the following:
(iii) number of locations or subpopulations
(iv) number of mature individuals.
2. Area of occupancy estimated to be less than 10
a. Severely fragmented or known to exist at only a
single location.
C. Population size estimated to number fewer than
250 mature individuals and either:
1. An estimated continuing decline of at least 25%
within three years or one generation, whichever is
longer, (up to a maximum of 100 years in the future)
OR
2. A continuing decline, observed, projected, or
inferred, in numbers of mature individuals AND at
least one of the following (ab):
a. Population structure in the form of one of the
following:
(i) no subpopulation estimated to contain more than
50 mature individuals, OR
(ii) at least 90% of mature individuals in one
subpopulation.
b. Extreme fluctuations in number of mature
individuals.
D. Population size estimated to number fewer than 50
mature individuals.
E. Quantitative analysis showing the probability of
extinction in the wild is at least 50% within 10 years
or three generations, whichever is the longer (up to a
maximum of 100 years).

ENDANGERED (EN)
A taxon is Endangered when the best available
evidence indicates that it meets any of the following
criteria (A to E), and it is therefore considered to be
facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild:
following:
where the causes of the reduction are clearly
3. A population size reduction of > or = 50%,
279
1. Extent of occurrence estimated to be less than 5000

a. Severely fragmented or known to exist at no more
than five locations.
(iii) area, extent and/or quality of habitat (iv) number
of locations or subpopulations
than five locations.
2500 mature individuals and either:
within five years or two generations, whichever is
OR
least one of the following (ab):
a. Population structure in the form of one of the
following:
(ii) at least 95% of mature individuals in one
subpopulation.
280
individuals.
D. Population size estimated to number fewer than
250 mature individuals.
extinction in the wild is at least 20% within 20 years
or five generations, whichever is the longer (up to a
maximum of 100 years).
VULNERABLE (VU)
A taxon is Vulnerable when the best available
evidence indicates that it meets any of the following
criteria (A to E), and it is therefore considered to be
facing a high risk of extinction in the wild:
following:
where the causes of the reduction are: clearly
3. A population size reduction of > or = 30%,
1. Extent of occurrence estimated to be less than
20,000 km2, and estimates indicating at least two of a
c:
than 10 locations. b. Continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected, in any of the following:
structure in the form of one of the following:

(ii) all mature individuals are in one subpopulation.
individuals.
D. Population very small or restricted in the form of
either of the following:
1. Population size estimated to number fewer than
1000 mature individuals.
2. Population with a very restricted area of occupancy
(typically less than 20 km2) or number of locations
(typically five or fewer) such that it is prone to the
effects of human activities or stochastic events within
a very short time period in an uncertain future, and is
thus capable of becoming Critically Endangered or
even Extinct in a very short time period.
extinction in the wild is at least 10% within 100 years.

than 10 locations.
10,000 mature individuals and either:
within 10 years or three generations, whichever is
OR
least one of the following (ab): a. Population
281
Appendix II
Synonyms
No
1.
Scientific name
Family
Cynopterus brachyotis
(Mller, 1838)
Pteropodidae
2.
Cynopterus sphinx (Vahl,

1797)
Pteropodidae
3.
Eonycteris spelaea
(Dobson, 1871)
Pteropodidae
Eptesicus bottae (Peters,
1869)
Vespertilionidae
4.
5.
Eptesicus nasutus
(Dobson, 1877)
Vespertilionidae
6.
Eptesicus serotinus
(Schreber, 1774)
Vespertilionidae
7.
8.
282
(Temminck, 1840)
Vespertilionidae
(Blyth, 1851)
Vespertilionidae
Synonyms
No
Cynopterus altitudinis
Cynopterus andamanensis
Cynopterus archipelagus
Cynopterus brachysoma
Cynopterus ceylonensis
Cynopterus concolor
Cynopterus hoffeti
Cynopterus insularum
Cynopterus javanicus
Cynopterus luzoniensis
Cynopterus minor
Cynopterus minutus
Cynopterus babi
Cynopterus pagensis
Cynopterus scherzeri
Cynopterus serasani
Eonycteris glandifera
Eonycteris rosenbergi
9.
Eptesicus anatolicus
Eptesicus hingstoni
Eptesicus innesi
Eptesicus omanensis
Eptesicus taftanimontis
Eptesicus batinensis
Eptesicus matschei
Eptesicus pelllucens
Eptesicus walli
Eptesicus albescens
Eptesicus andersoni
Eptesicus boscai
Eptesicus brachydigitatis
Eptesicus horikawai
Eptesicus incisivus
Eptesicus insularis
Eptesicus intermedius
Eptesicus isabellinus
Eptesicus meridionalis
Eptesicus mirza
Eptesicus okenii
Eptesicus pachyomus
Eptesicus pallens
Eptesicus pashtonus
Eptesicus rufescens
Eptesicus shiraziensis
Eptesicus sodalis
Eptesicus transylvanicus
Eptesicus turcomanicus
Eptesicus typus
Eptesicus wiedii
Harpiocephalus pearsonii
Harpiocephalus rufulus
Scientific name
Family
Hipposideros ater
Templeton, 1848
Hipposideridae
10.
Hipposideros fulvus Gray,

1838
Hipposideridae
11.
Cantor, 1846
Hipposideridae
(Horsfield, 1823)
Hipposideridae
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
Hipposideros pomona
Andersen, 1918
Hipposideridae
Megaderma spasma
Linnaeus, 1758
Megadermatidae
Myotis mystacinus (Kuhl,

1819)
Vespertilionidae
(Gray, 1838)
Vespertilionidae
Tadarida plicata
(Buchannan, 1800)
Molossidae
Hesperoptenus isabellinus
Synonyms
Hipposideros albaniensis
Hipposideros antricola
Hipposideros aruensis
Hipposideros gilberti
Hipposideros saevus
Hipposideros aurita
Hipposideros fulgens
Hipposideros murinus
Hipposideros pallidus
Hipposideros brachyotis
Hipposideros insolens
Hipposideros longicauda
Hipposideros alongensis
Hipposideros barbensis
Hipposideros deformis
Hipposideros insignis
Hipposideros neglectus
Hipposideros poutensis
Hipposideros sumbae
Hipposideros vulgaris
Hipposideros sinensis
Megaderma abditum
Megaderma crimatae
Megaderma celebensis
Megaderma ceylonense
Megaderma kinabalu
Megaderma lasiae
Mgaderma majus
Megaderma medium
Megaderma minus
Megaderma naisense
Megaderma natunae
Megaderma pangandarana
Megaderma siumatis
Megaderma trifolium
Myotis meinertzhageni
Pipistrellus akokomuli
Pipistrellus bancanus
Pipistrellus camortae
Pipistrellus irretitus
Pipistrellus meyeni
Pipistrellus pumiloides
Chaerophon adustus
Chaerophon bengalensis
Chaerophon dilatatus
Chaerophon insularis
Chaerophon luzonus
Chaerophon murinus
Chaerophon tenuis
Appendix III
Subspecies of South Asian Chiropterans

No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
Subspecies
Asellia tridens murraiana
Barbastella leucomelas darjeelingensis (Hodgson)
Cynopterus brachyotis brachyotis (Mller)
Cynopterus brachyotis ceylonicus
Cynopterus sphinx sphinx (Vahl)
Cynopterus sphinx gangeticus (Anderson)
Cynopterus sphinx angulatus
Cynopterus sphinx scherzeri
Eonycteris spelaea spelaea
Eptesicus bottae ognevi
Eptesicus gobiensis kashgaricus
Eptesicus gobiensis centralasiaticus
Eptesicus nasutus nasutus
Eptecicus pachyotis pachyotis
Eptesicus serotinus pachyomus (Tomes)
Eptesicus serotinus pashtonus
Hesperoptenus tickelli tickelli
Hipposideros armiger armiger
Hipposideros ater ater Templeton
Hipposideros ater nicobariculae
Hipposideros cineraceus cineraceus Blyth
Hipposideros diadema nicobarensis
Hipposideros durgadasi durgadasi
Hipposideros fulvus fulvus
Hipposideros fulvus pallidus
Hipposideros galeritus brachyotis
Hipposideros hypophyllus hypophyllus
Hipposideros lankadiva lankadiva
Hipposideros larvatus leptophyllus (Dobson)
Hipposideros larvatus grandis
Hipposideros pomona pomona
Hipposideros pomona gentilis Anderson
Hipposideros speoris speoris
Ia io io
Kerivoula hardwickii depressa
Kerivoula picta picta (Hill, 1965)
Latidens salimalii salimalii
Marcoglossus sobrinus sobrinus Anderson
Megaderma lyra lyra Goeffroey
Megaderma spasma horsfieldi
Megarops niphanae niphanae
Miniopterus schreibersi fuliginosus (Hodgson)
Miniopterus pusillus pusillus
Murina aurata aurata
Murina cyclotis cyclotis Dobson
Murina huttoni huttonii (Peters)
Murina leucogaster leucogaster
Murina tubinaris tubinaris
Myotis annectans annectans
Myotis annectans primula
Myotis blythii blythii
Myotis daubentoni laniger
Myotis formosus formosus (Hodgson)
Myotis formosus auratus
Myotis hasseltii hasseltii
No.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
Subspecies
Myotis horsfieldii peshwa
Myotis horsfieldii dryas
Myotis longipes longipes
Myotis montivagus montivagus
Myotis montivagus peytoni
Myotis muricola muricola
Myotis muricola caliginosus
Myotis mystacinus nipalensis (Tomes)
Myotis sicarius sicarius
Myotis siligorensis siligorensis (Horsfield)
Nyctalus leisleri leisleri
Nyctalus noctula labiatus (Hodgson)
Nyctalus noctula plancyi
Otonycteris hemprichii cinereus
Pipistrellus ceylonicus ceylonicus
Pipistrellus ceylonicus indicus
Pipistrellus circumdatus circumdatus
Pipistrellus coromandra coromandra (Gray)
Pipistrellus dormeri dormeri
Pipistrellus javanicus babu
Pipistrellus javanicus camortae
Pipistrellus kuhlii lepidus
Pipistrellus paterculus paterculus
Pipistrellus pipistrellus aladdin
Pipistrellus pipistrellus bactrianus
Pipistrellus savii austenianus
Pipistrellus tenuis mimus
Plecotus auritus homochrous
Pteropus faunulus faunulus
Pteropus giganteus giganteus
Pteropus giganteus leucocephalus
Pteropus giganteus ariel
Pteropus hypomelanus maris
Pteropus hypomelanus germinorum
Pteropus melanotus melanotus
Pteropus melanotus tytleri
Pteropus vampyrus malaccensis
Pteropus vampyrus vampyrus
Rhinolophus affinis affinis
Rhinolophus affinis himalayanus Anderson
Rhinolophus beddomei sobrinus
Rhinolophus blasii meyeroemi
Rhinolophus cognatus cognatus
Rhinolophus cognatus famulus
Rhinolophus ferrumequinum tragatus Hodgson
Rhinolophus ferrumequinum proximus
Rhinolophus hipposideros midas
Rhinolophus lepidus monticola
Rhinolophus luctus perniger
Rhinolophus macrotis macrotis
Rhinolophus macrotis topali
Rhinolophus pearsonii pearsonii Horsfield
Rhinolophus pusillus gracilis
Rhinolophus pusillus blythi Anderson
Rhinolophus rouxi rouxi Temminck
283
No.
111.
112.
113.
114.
115.
116.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
Subspecies
Rhinolophus rouxi sinicus
Rhinolophus rouxi rubidus
Rhinolophus trifoliatus trifoliatus
Rhinolophus yunanensis yunanensis
Rhinopoma hardwickii hardwickii
Rhinopoma microphyllum microphyllum
Rhinopoma microphyllum kinneari
Rhinopoma muscatellum seianum
Rousettus aegyptiacus arabicus
Rousettus leschenaulti seminudus
Rousettus leschenaulti leschenaulti (Desmarest)
Scotoecus pallidus pallidus
Scotophilus heathii heathii (Horsfield)
Scotophilus kuhlii wroughtonii
Sphaerias blanfordi blanfordi
No.
126.
127.
128.
129.
130.
131.
132.
133.
134.
135.
136.
137.
138.
139.
Subspecies
Tadarida plicata plicata (Buchanan)
Tadarida plicata insularis
Tadarida teniotis subspecies
Taphozous longimanus longimanus Hardwicke
Taphozous melanopogan melanopogan
Taphozous nudiventris kachchensis Dobson,1872
Taphozous perforatus perforatus
Taphozous saccolaimus saccolaimus
Taphozous theobaldi secatus
Triaenops persicus persicus
Tylonycteris pachypus aurex
Tylonycteris pachypus fulvidus (Blyth)
Tylonycteris robustula robustula
Vespertilio murinus murinus
Appendix IV
Endemic bats of Myanmar assessed

Species
Craseonycteris thonglongyai Hill, 1974
Emballonura monticola Temminck, 1838
Eudiscopus denticulus (Osgood, 1932)
Glischropus tylophus (Dobson, 1875)
Hesperoptenus blandfordi (Dobson, 1877)
Miniopterus magnater
Pipistrellus anthonyi Tate, 1942
Pipistrellus joffrei Thomas, 1915
Pipistrellus lophurus Thomas, 1915
284
Family
Vespertilionidae
Emballonuridae
Vespertilionidae
Vespertilionidae
Vespertilionidae
Vespertilionidae
Vespertilionidae
Vespertilionidae
Vespertilionidae
Status
Data Deficient
Endangered
Data Deficient
Data Deficient
Vulnerable
Data Deficient
Data Deficient
Data Deficient
Criteria
C2a(i,ii)
B1a
C1+2a
Appendix V
Special Issue Working Groups and Personal Commitments

In assessing and categorizing 130 species of Chiroptera of South Asia, a number of special issues emerged with
respect to bats and their conservation. Participants divided into working groups to discuss the following issues:
Conservation priorities and field surveys, Legislation and Policy, Chiroptera Taxonomy, Temple Bats and
Chiroptera Education and Public Awareness.
The recommendations were given in the form of a verbal report in a plenary session of all participants with
further contributions and clarifications from the entire workshop. These were incorporatd into the written
version which was handed in to the organizers. Draft recommendations were included in were included in the
Draft Report. Participants will have an opportunity to comment and correct these reports. Therefore, this edited
version of the recommendations also must be considered as a Draft.
Recommendations
A. Field surveys and conservation priorities
Working group members: J.C. Daniel, Manoj Muni, A.C. Girish, A. Thabah, P. Padmanabhan, A.R. Binu Priya
1. It is recommended that areas where bats were found.earlier should be resurveyed.
2. Unknown and unsurveyed localities should be surveyed on priority basis.
3. The 8 species categorized as Data Deficient by the Workshop should be surveyed or resurveyed on priority
basis.
4. The application of proper scientific field techniques for field studies should be given more importance.
5. Steps should be taken to motivate more people to study bats in association with wildlife monitoring.
6. The science of population dynamics should be utilized more systematically in the study of Chiroptera.
7. Training for the identification of bat species must be undertaken prior to field studies.
8. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) should include Chiroptera.
9. The study of pollination and seed dispersal by Chiroptera in different ecosystems will help improve image
of this neglected and misunderstood taxon group.
10. The effect of pesticides and their impact on bats should be studied in detail.
11. Monitoring of priority species of chiroptera their habitats should be undertaken so that population trends
can be ascertained.
12. Species such as Otomops wroughtoni known from a single population but presently recorded from other
localities should be studied in detail for other records on their population in other areas.
13. CCINSA should encourage bat research activities, finding funding avenues and using the newsletter to
make known current studies so avoid duplication of effort can be avoided.
14. Priority of studies on bats should be on conservation aspects.
B. Legislation and policy
Working group members: A.M. Hutson, Azad Ali, N. Gopukumar, Singaravelan, P. Thiruchenthil Nathan, K.
Seedikkoya, Augustine Noble, R. Rajashekar, Hanneke de Boer, B.A. Daniel.
1.
The removal of fruit bats from Schedule V (Vermin category) of Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972,
1991 should be ensured.
2. Legislation should extend to other species and include prevention of disturbance, selling, bartering bats and
parts of bats as well as killing, etc.
3. Medicinal use of bats (Pteropus giganteus) should be controlled.
4. Legislation should to protect the key roosting sites of endemic species should be considered.
285
5. Plans, strategies, policies, of all South Asian countries should incorporate the interests of Chiroptera.
6. Migratory bat species should be identified and the development of international agreement for their
conservation through the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (Bonn
Convention) should be investigated.
7. Important habitats of bats like caves, tree holes and forest areas should be identified as well as vulnerable
and primary bat roosting sites, trees and caves in which large number of bats are roosting.
8. Engineers should consult the bat conservation specialists before venturing into the renovation of building
and temples to prevent the indiscriminate killing of bats.
9. Chiroptera specialists should coordinate with NGOs involved in wildlife conservation activities to discuss
various broad conservation issues related to bat conservation.
10. Legislation should be formulated to control the indiscriminate use of pesticides, which harm food animals
(insects), bats and humans as well through biological magnification.
C. Bat Taxonomy
Working group members: Y.P. Sinha, M.S. Pradhan, C. Srinivasulu, V.S. Korad, K.S. Sreepada, Wipula Yapa,
K. Padma Priya, Sanjay Molur, Sally Walker, Paul Bates.
1. Geographic limitation and Taxonomy -- a) Zoogeographic regions should be used rather than regional or
national as it is more scientific, while taking into consideration that legislation is formulated nationally.
b) Scientists should be careful not to hastily christen the taxon basing on political boundaries when new taxon
or variety is found.
2. Taxonomic facilities a) Every country has one or more agencies for bat identification and taxon reference
collection; one needs to identify such countries and tap resources from them. New species should be
compared with the taxonomic information available and sent to the most appropriate museum. b. A taxonomic
key for easy identification should be developed for Bats of South Asia. The keys should have illustrations (as
far as possible). Bates' matrix can be used to develop field identification guide. c) Taxonomically significant
bats and evaluated species should be deposited in regional and national Natural History Museums
3. Capacity Building a) As taxonomic experts are in declining in number, capacity building in Chiropteran
studies within the region should be taken up with more emphasis on taxonomic and systematic research for
Chiroptera. b) Taxonomy training workshops should be conducted as well as ongoing university courses. c)
Prepare simple taxonomic kits including appropriate keys for youngsters to encourage their interest
4. Subspecies and Conservation -- Subspecies should be designated as an appropriate taxonomic unit where
there is a distinct island (insular) race or a disjunct geographically and taxonomically well-defined population.
D. Temples, Tourism and Bats
Working group members: G. Marimuthu, Tej Kumar Shrestha, E.A.A. Shukkur, A. Madhavan, Kulam Nathar,
Juliet Vanitharani, E. Yuvana Satya Priya, Dilip Joshi
1. A permanent poster (board) can be prepared on positive aspects of bats to be kept in temples where people
assemble
2. Discuss the need to protect bats with temple authorities individually.
3. Lobby the Ministry of Environment and Forests to remove the bats from the Vermin or Schedule V
Category.
4. Discuss protection of bats with local forest officials (DFO/Chief Conservator of Forests) and request their
help in addressing the temple authorities to protect bats.
286
5. Slide projections in the cinema theatres could promote the positive aspects of bats and their harmlessness in
temples. Other media coverage such as radio, television and newspapers can be used.
Chiroptera Education Working Group

Working group members: Kranti Yardi (facilitator), Hanneke de Boer (recorder), Kalu Ram Senacha, Sally
Walker, A.R.Binu Priya.
Summary: Bats have a negative public image as a harmful nuisance, instead of a force for good. One way to
change public opinion is to tackle negative attitudes with a variety of educational activities, items and projects
targeted towards different age, economic, professional and societal groups.
Items suggested
Education packet for school children of different age groups
Common sheet generic bat template which could be in local language
Conservation educational film on bats of South Asia to be developed with international assistance
Letters in the form of a special appeal after this workshop (official looking) from CSG or CSG South
Asia: just a few pertinent points on one page to State forest divisions, department, etc.
Actions required for making educational material
Collect a list of local taboos as opposed to facts about bats and make a detailed scientific sheet on it,
e.g. negative and untrue things about bats as opposed to positive and true things about bats.
Collect information on utility of bats with reference to local people, such as that bats aid in increasing
soil fertility, etc.
When bat colonies are recorded in national parks and sanctuaries, these should be mentioned as one of
the wild animals of the sanctuary.
Involving specialists in contributing to the census of national parks and sanctuaries of the forest
department
CCINSA / CSG SA members should contribute photographs for use in educational material to be
prepared for use of all.
Reaching wider audience
Feature articles about bats to the local newspapers
Developing a poster in national, local language and also a template which can be filled in local language
to be used in temples, world heritage sites
Grass root bat clubs; with associated educational material
Promoting a bio-diversity section at primary level of education
Zoo Outreach Organization Programmes should provide bat packets for special events (wildlife week,
environment day, biodiversity day, animal welfare fortnightly) targeting students and other groups
Target groups:
a. schools -- Primary and secondary level, Intermediate level, Graduate level
b. forest officers
d. policy makers (Ministry both Central and State, Forest and Environment officials, Village Panchayat
officials, etc.)
e. local people, both rural and urban
f. archeology department
g. temple authority?
h. zoo directors
287
i. school teachers
j. tourists at archeological sites, NPs and sanctuaries
Messages and activities related to conservation that can be used for education
Bat colonies identified in school, if any other school can visit the same
Take the children to nature trails to show bat roosting sites like children go for bird watching give
information and activities regarding bats
Encourage good zoos to exhibit bats for education, in appropriate enclosures keeping in mind the
welfare of animals
Techniques that could be used in school education: masks, bat friendship bands, craft items, hand and other
types of puppets, information on folders having bat shapebat, stickers and labels, small greeting cards, bat
badges, small projects on bats, photographs which can be collected from bat-researchers, generic brochure with
South Asia as focus
Report on Ajanth-Ellora Caves, Tourism and Bats
Dr. Dilip Joshi, Ahmednagar
Ajantha caves are sealed off to protect old paintings from bats, which leads to loss of habitat. This situation
should be studied to ascertain whether the bats find difficulty in resettling.
Ellora caves get a constant influx of tourists which leads to disturbance to Bats. Appropriate signage and
information could feature bats as an additional attraction and warn against disturbing the animals.
Baravi Dam was recently constructed which resulted in 16 villages being submerged under water leading to
drowning of many bats. Advance steps should be taken to resettle the animals to the extent possible before such
actions are taken.
Personal Commitments made by participants

Elangovan: I will make a detailed study of Cynopterus sphinx
Manoj:
I will help with expansion of CCINSA network action.
T. Nathan:
I will adopt orphaned bats
Binu:
I will help create awareness among children
Noble:
I will teach villagers the good things about bats
Shukkur:
I will talk about bats on radio and TV and in schools
Rajashekhar: I will study C. sphinx and start a Friends of the Bats Club
Hannekke:
I will learn more about bats
Daniel:
I will help in preparing education materials about bats
Sanjay:
I will get the Report out EARLY and do mapping of bats in South Asia.
Azad Ali:
I will conduct awareness camps regarding Pteropus giganteus
Singaravelan: I will continue studies on pollination by bats
Tony:
I will donate some educational materials on bats for CCINSA
Digana:
I will raise awareness about bats to villagers
Gopukumar: I will write about bats for popular publications
Joshi:
I will study Bat diversity in lunar crater
Marimuthu: I will insure the removal bats from vermin status
Swe:
I will continue studies of Myanmar bats including the study of caves
Madhavan: I will assess the sexual maturity of Rousettus leschenaultii
288
Koli:
Patiath:
Kumaran:
Shrestha:
Girish:
Kranti:
Senacha:
Yapa:
Pradhan:
Sinha:
Sreepada:
Sreenivasulu:
Korad:
Adora:
Daniel, J.C.
Paul Bates
Sally:
I will educate children and start a bat club

I will study pollination and seed dispersal by bats in a forest ecosystem.
I will write an article for the press and coordinate the import of bat detectors.
I will continue exploration of caves, caverns in Nepal and study the Rhinolophus
I will promote conservation of fruit bats in Western ghats.
I will expose Taboos on bats and write Newspaper articles.
I will write popular articles at Jodhpur which will be important to local people
I will develop a model for a bat box appropriate for this environment and prepare training.
I will work against illegal trade of bats and educate youngsters.
I will help with identification of bats.
I will educate scientists and other people about bats
I will talk more about bats to the forest department.
I will continue surveying bats, write in newspaper
I will educate locals in Meghalaya
I will make available the BNHS collections for study
I will put together a south/SE Asia education package - targeted towards schools and
communities adjacent to important and vulnerable roosting sites.
I will develop bat education packets for zoos and bat clubs; feature bats in an all India zoo
programme, and create a structure for bat clubs via CCINSA
289
Appendix VI
South Asian Chiroptera Education Project

The Chiroptera Conservation Assessment and Management Plan (CAMP) Workshop, funded by Chester Zoo,
Bat Conservation International, Columbus Zoo and Metro-Toronto Zoo generated much specific information
about Chiroptera of South Asia as well as enthusiasm among participants for educating people -- from the
public of all ages to policy makers -- about Chiroptera which are disliked or simply ignored in this region.
In a plenary exercise at the end of the workshop, participants made personal commitments to do something
extra for bats. Almost half the participants committed to get involved in education, either directly or
indirectly. Also, recommendations from different working groups highlighted the need for public education
about bats, on specific issues.
Zoo Outreach Organisation, well experienced in public education in South and Southeast Asia, and a
collaborator in the workshop committed to assist the Chiroptera Conservation and Information Network of
South Asia (CCINSA) to follow up on these recommendations and commitments. Z.O.O. designed a Bat
Education Programme, which aimed to enhance interest and tolerance of Chiroptera as well as encouraging
appreciation of these lesser-loved but useful and charming creatures. The main targets of the Education
Programme will be institutions and organizations that are already involved in public education and have a
captive audience, and a new initiative of bat clubs. The main implementers of the education project will be
the bat biologists themselves. Who better?
Bat biologists have much to share with the public about bats because they study them and love them. Bat
biologists are busy being biologists and do not have time to develop kits, handouts, packets and posters, reports
brought out by bat biologists are for a different audience. Z.O.O. thought that if the biologists were supplied
with materials, they would use them along with their enthusiasm and knowledge of bats to spread the message
of conservation for Chiroptera. So, a selection of items have been (or will be) developed for the use of bat
biologists as well as traditional educators zoos, conservation NGOs, school teachers, etc.
Z.O.O. has raised part of the funds for this project from some of the same organizations that funded the
Chiroptera C.A.M.P. Chester Zoo and Bat Conservation International. Fauna and Flora International has also
provided assistance. Other organizations who have supported bat work in the past will also be invited to
contribute to this noble effort. Bats have no political or social support in South Asia no legislation protects
them and few people love them. That situation has to change and education can make it happen.
In the short time since the bat CAMP, the Bat Education Programme has been designed, funded and initiated in
a small way. The Reports below describe the materials, which are being produced and distributed to potential
and actual bat educators and give examples of what bat biologists and enthusiasts have done even in these early
days of the Bat Education Programme.
Materials and Methods

1. Bat Programme Kits
Bat Programme Kits have been designed for use by organizations,
institutions and individuals already engaged in teaching. The provision of
such kits on species and issues on special days (Wildlife Week, Animal
Welfare Fortnightly, Tree Day, Environment Day, etc.) to zoos, natural
history museums, conservation organizations, animal welfare groups and
officials wildlife divisions has proven to be a very successful and low cost
290
means of educating large numbers of people as well as the teaching organizations themselves. The current
methodology has evolved over nearly 18 years of experience by Zoo Outreach Organisation and improves with
each programme.
The Programme Kit will include (but is not limited to) the following
items:
Guidelines book instructions for organizing a programme, pertinent
information on bats for use in creating slogans, running quiz
competitions, giving lectures, debate, press releases, etc.; instructions
for using the items in packets provided in the kit; suggested games
and other activities.
T-shirts to use for games, prizes or simply give-aways as part of the
programme.
Packets for participants these packets are designed and printed in
a very simple, inexpensive format.
(This format is not merely to save
money. It has been demonstrated
that expensively produced, 4-colour,
glossy materials tend to send up
saved for an occasion such as giving to VIPs and their kids, in closets where
many of them end up being consumed by termites).
The packets contain a variety of items but nearly always the following:
- Small booklet facts about bats with few activities
- Mask theme related (2 fruit bats and 2 insect bats).
- Wrist bracelet for a commitment exercise
- Certificate of participation in the programme
- Sticker
- Small folder
- Handout information on bats
There are many other items which can be included depending on resources available, such as themed flags for
rallys and parades, caps, pins, postcards, games, models, etc.
Methodology: These programmes are organized by writing to known organizations inviting them to apply for a
Programme Kit. They are required to give a small proposal which should include their plan for a programme,
target audience, etc. This proposal is used to decide whether the request is genuine and viable. The
organizations are required to pay postage of the materials only and agree to write a report, send photographs and
291
generate publicity. We summarise their report in our publications and also use these reports to generate more
funds for additional programmes. We can also evaluate them for future invitations.
This programme component has been funded by Chester Zoo, Bat Conservation International and Flora
and Fauna International.
2. Bat Club Kits
This is a new initiative originally inspired by a similar activity by Bat Conservation International. The idea of
bat clubs was proposed in the CCINSA Newsletter in 2001and later at the CAMP Workshop.
It is proposed to offer Bat Club starter kits initially only to CCINSA members. A member who wants to start a
bat club should commit himself to following through with his group for a minimum period of 3 years. He
should raise his own funding for activities but CCINSA would provide him with a specified number of t-shirts,
caps, pins, packets, and other items appropriate for such groups.
Kits will contain the following:
Bat Club Guidelines booklet: this booklet will describe an ideal bat club giving suggestions for how to
start, activities, projects, etc.
Programme Guidelines: Similar to the Guidelines from the Bat Programme Kit but designed for long-term
work with a group.
Certificate of Bat Club association with CCINSA
CCINSA Bat Club logo which can be adapted for specific clubs by supplying its name.
For members different items for members of different age groups
Bat Club bracelets
Bat Club pins
Bat Club banners
Bat Club identity card
Bat booklet aims of CCINSA bat clubs, pledge, facts, etc.
T-shirts a specific number for the Bat Club organizer to use for prizes, for rewarding for extra work, for
identifying programme guides, supervisors or mentors, etc.
Methodology
CCINSA members would be invited to start a bat club, beginning with those who made an educational
commitment at the CAMP. They would be asked to give a proposal with their ideas of what their groups would
do, the target audience (school kids, adults, etc.), objectives, and their own methodology for starting and
providing continuity.
This component of the programme has not been funded as yet.
3. Summary Report of CAMP Workshop
The Report of the South Asia Chiroptera CAMP workshop is too long for easy consumption by the general
public. An important component of the proposed education programme is an attractive, illustrated 20-24 page
booklet for circulation to policy makers, teachers, politicians, foresters and laypersons. It will be useful for the
Bat Programmes as well as for the Bat Clubs in addition to general awareness. In the booklet will be
292
illustrations of some of the bats, a laymans explanation of the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, a list of
the 123 bats of South Asia, their status and the reasons and a short description of some of their characters.
Selected tables of threats, distribution and maps will be included.
This programme component has been funded by Chester Zoo, Bat Conservation International and Flora
and Fauna International.
4. Colour poster of some bats of South Asia
To date there has not been a colour poster featuring Chiroptera of South Asia. A poster will be designed
featuring some of the more dramatic and attractive species of bats of South Asia. A small amount of text
conveying the ecological importance of bats will be included.
This component of the programme has not been funded as yet.
Model proposal for Just Bats about Bats materials for Wildlife Week
Name:
Institution Name:
Email:
Kranti D. Yardi
Cummins Nature Club
Pune 411 052
ykranti@hotmail.com
Proposal description of programme use back of page if necessary

Date: 2.10.2002 Take a group of 50 students in Snake Park Nigdi Pune. Age group: 13-14 years
Date: 4.10.2003 Bat walk Taking 90 students of age group 9 years to 12 years at a Bat roosting site in
Kothrud, Pune.
5.10.2002 Bat Walk 40 students at another roosting site in Aundh. Age group 12-13 years
Programme 9.30 to 11.30 at site
Observations 9.30 to 10. a.m.
11 to 11.30 am information& interactive session
11 to 11.30 games on wildlife
Distribution of packets/session related to packet
Visit to Rajiv Gandhi Zoo Katraj Pune
No. of Students : 95
Age group: 13 to 15 years
Time: 9 a.m. to 2 p.m.
Programme: 9 a.m. to 9.30 am description
9.30 a.m. to 11.30 a.m. Introduction to animals at Zoo also includes Snake Park
11.30 to 12.00 Interactive session
12.00 to 12.30 Lunch break
12.30 to 1.30 Handling of injured animals (Talk by an expert in the zoo)
1.30 to 2 p.m. What can we do? Distribution of packets and discuss about post session in the school.
Each of this programme will have a post session in the school.
One more school programme yet to be finalized.
293
Appendix VII
Participants
298
Md. Azad Ali
A.C. Girish
Dilip S. Joshi
Paul J.J. Bates
N. Gopukumar
Sripathi Kandula
P.M.C.B. Digana
Anthony Hutson
A. John Koilraj
D.P. Swami Doss
J. King Immanuel
Ghanshyam H. Koli
A. Madhavan
P.T. Nathan
P.P.J. Eswari
G. Marimuthu
Kulam Nathar
M.S. Pradhan
Shahroukh Mistry
Augustine Noble
E. Yuvana Satiya Priya
Manoj Muni
P. Padmanabhan
H. Raghuram
299
E.AA. Shukkur
Khin Maung Swe
Kalu Ram Senacha
Y.P. Sinha
Adora Thabah
V.S. Korad
K.S. Sreepada
Juliet Vanitharani
Tej Kumar Shrestha
C. Srinivasulu
D. Kranti Yardi
K. Seedikkoya
300
Wipula Bandara Yapa

Participants from Zoo Outreach Organization ZOO and Wildlife Information & Liaison Development WILD
Sally Walker
Sanjay Molur
B.A. Daniel
Latha G. Ravikumar
A.R. Binu Priya
K. Padma Priya
J. Sheela
B. Ravichandran
Hanneke de Boer
301
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Index
Index to scientific names

Areilulus
circumdatus
Asellia
tridens
Barbastella
leucomelas
Coelops
frithii
Cynopterus
brachyotis
sphinx
Eonycteris
spelaea
Eptesicus
bottae
gobiensis
nasutus
pachyotis
serotinus
tatei
Harpiocephalus
harpia
mordax
Hesperoptenus
tickelli
Hipposideros
armiger
ater
cineraceus
diadema
durgadasi
fulvus
galeritus
hypophyllus
lankadiva
larvatus
pomona
speoris
Ia
io
Kerivoula
hardwickii
papillosa
picta
Latidens
salimalii
Macroglossus
sobrinus
Megaderma
lyra
spasma
Megaerops
niphanae
Miniopterus
pusillus
53, 255
54
55, 255
57, 255
58, 255
60, 255
64, 255
66, 256
67, 256
68, 256
69, 256
70, 256
72, 256
73, 257
75, 257
76, 257
78, 257
80, 257
82, 257
84, 258
85, 258
86, 258
88, 258
90, 258
91, 258
93, 259
95, 259
97, 259
100, 259
101, 259
103, 259
104, 260
106, 260
108, 260
109, 260
112, 260
114, 260
schreibersii
Murina
aurata
cyclotis
grisea
huttonii
leucogaster
tubinaris
Myotis
annectans
blythii
csorbai
daubentonii
formosus
hasseltii
horsfeldii
longipes
montivagus
muricola
mystacinus
sicarius
siligorensis
Nyctalus
leisleri
montanus
noctula
Otomops
wroughtoni
Otonycteris
hemprichi
Philetor
brachypterus
Pipistrellus
abramus
affinis
cadornae
ceylonicus
coromandra
dormeri
javanicus
Kuhlii
paterculus
pipistrellus
savii
tenuis
Plecotus
auritus
austriacus
Pteropus
faunulus
giganteus
hypomelanus
melanotus
vampyrus
116, 261
118, 261
119, 261
121, 261
122, 261
123, 262
124, 262
125, 262
126, 262
128, 262
129, 262
130, 263
132, 263
133, 263
134, 263
136, 263
137, 263
139, 264
141, 264
142, 264
143, 264
144, 264
145, 264
147, 265
149, 265
150, 265
151, 265
152, 265
154, 265
155, 266
157, 266
160, 266
163, 266
165, 266
167, 266
168, 267
170, 267
171, 267
174, 267
176, 267
177, 267
178, 268
183, 268
184, 268
185, 268
Rhinolophus
affinis
beddomei
blasii
cognatus
ferrumequinum
hipposideros
lepidus
luctus
macrotis
mitratus
pearsonii
pusillus
rouxii
sinicus
subbadius
trifoliatus
yunanensis
Rhinopoma
hardwickii
microphyllum
muscatellum
Rousettus
aegyptiacus
leschenaulti
Scotoecus
pallidus
Scotomanes
ornatus
Scotophilus
heathii
kuhlii
Sphaerias
blanfordi
Tadarida
aegyptiaca
plicata
teniotis
Taphozous
longimanus
melanopogon
nudiventris
perforatus
saccolaimus
theobaldi
Triaenops
persicus
Tylonycteris
pachypus
robustula
Vespertilio
murinus
186, 268
188, 268
190, 269
191, 269
192, 269
194, 269
195, 269
197, 269
199, 270
200, 270
201, 270
203, 270
205, 270
208, 270
210, 271
211, 271
212, 271
213, 271
215, 271
217, 271
218, 272
219, 272
222, 272
224, 272
226, 272
229, 272
232, 273
233, 273
235, 273
237
238, 273
240, 273
242, 273
244, 274
245, 274
247, 274
248, 274
249, 274
251
252, 274
115, 261
319
Index to common names

Bamboo Bat
Black-bearded Tomb Bat
Brown Bat
Common Yellow Bat
Daubenton's Bat
Desert Yellow Bat
Dormer's Bat
Eastern Barbastelle
False Vampire Bat
Greater
Lesser
Flying Fox
Blyth's
Indian
Island
Large
Nicobar
Free-tailed Bat
Egyptian
European
Wrinkle-lipped
Wroughton's
Fruit Bat
Blanford's
Dawn (Cave)
Egyptian
Fulvous
Hill Long-tongued
Lesser Dog-faced
Ratanaworabhan's
Salim Ali's
Short-nosed (Indian)
Great Evening Bat
Greater Flat-headed Bat
Grizzled Pipistrelle
Hairy-armed Bat
Hairy-winged Bat
Hairy-faced Bat
Hardwicke's Forest Bat
Harlequin Bat
Hodgson's Bat
Horse-shoe Bat
Andaman
Andersens Rufous
Asian
Big-eared
Blasius
Blyth's
Chestnut
Dobson's
Greater
Intermediate
320
249
240
132
226
129
222
160
55
109
112
184
178
183
185
177
233
237
235
147
232
64
218
219
108
58
114
106
60
100
251
152
143
73, 75
125
101
224
130
191
208
212
199
190
195
210
212
192
186
Little Nepalese
Least
Lesser Woolly
Lesser
Mitred
Pearson's
Rufous
Trefoil
Woolly
Horsfield's Bat
House Bat
Asiatic Greater Yellow
Asiatic Lesser Yellow
Indian Pygmy Bat
Intermediate Bat
Kashmir Cave Bat
Leaf-nosed Bat
Andersen's
Bicoloured
Cantor's
Diadem
Dusky
Fulvous
Great Himalayan
Horsfield's
Kelaart's
Khajuria's
Kolar
Least
Schneider's
Tail-less
Least Pipistrelle
Leisler's Bat
Lesser Large-tooth Bat
Long-eared Bat
Brown
Common
Grey
Hemiprichs
Long-fingered Bat
Nicobar
Schreiber's
Mountain Noctule
Mouse-eared Bat
Csorbas
Lesser
Mandelli'
Mouse-tailed Bat
Greater
Lesser
Small
210
203
188
194
200
201
205
211
197
133
226
229
171
125
134
95
80
88
84
80
86
78
93
91
85
90
82
97
57
171
143
132
174
176
176
149
115
116
144
128
126
141
215
213
217
Noctule
Painted Bat
Papillose Bat
Particoloured Bat
Persian Trident Bat
Pipistrelle
Black-gilded
Cadornae's
Chocolate
Common
Coromandel
Indian
Japanese
Javan
Kelaart's
Kuhl's
Mount Popa
Paternal
Savi's
Pouch-bearing Bat
Rohu's Bat
Serotine
Bobrinskii's
Botta's
Sind
Siliguri Bat
Sombre Bat
Theobald's Bat
Thick-eared Bat
Thick-eared Serotine Bat
Tickell's Bat
Thomas's Pipistrelle
Tomb Bat
Egyptian
Long-winged
Naked-rumped
145
104
103
252
248
Trident Bat
Tube-nosed Bat
Greater
Hutton's
Little
Peter's
Round-eared
Scully's
Tibetian
Van Hasselt's Bat
Water Bat
Whiskered Bat
Burmese
Himalayan
Nepalese
54
53
154
152
168
157
157
151
163
155
165
167
167
170
245
150
67
66
68
142
72
247
69
70
76
154
244
238
242
123
122
118
121
119
124
118
132
129
139
136
142
137

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South Asian Chiroptera C.A.M.P. Report, 2002

Kerala Forest Research Institute

M.E.S. Manpad College

Madurai Kamaraj University

Wildlife Information & Liaison

Zoo Outreach Organization

Zoological Survey of India

St. Johns College

South Asian Chiroptera C.A.M.P. Report, 2002

Conservation Assessment and Management Plan Workshop (C.A.M.P.)

South Asian Chiroptera

South Asian Chiroptera C.A.M.P. Report, 2002

South Asian Chiroptera C.A.M.P. Report, 2002

South Asian Chiroptera C.A.M.P. Report, 2002

Conservation Assessment and Management Plan (C.A.M.P.)

South Asian Chiroptera C.A.M.P. Report, 2002

Status of Chiroptera of South Asia C.A.M.P. 2002

South Asian Chiroptera C.A.M.P. Report, 2002

South Asian Chiroptera C.A.M.P. Report, 2002

List of South Asian Chiroptera assessed in the

Kerivoula papillosa Temminck, 1840 - NT

South Asian Chiroptera C.A.M.P. Report, 2002

Otomops wroughtoni (Thomas, 1913) - CR -- B2ab(iii)

Rhinolophus macrotis Blyth, 1844 - NT

South Asian Chiroptera C.A.M.P. Report, 2002

Conservation Assessment and Management Plan (C.A.M.P.) Workshop for

South Asian Chiroptera C.A.M.P. Report, 2002

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The 2001 IUCN Red List Criteria (Version 3.1)

South Asian Chiroptera C.A.M.P. Report, 2002

South Asian Chiroptera C.A.M.P. Report, 2002

Interpretation and data source

South Asian Chiroptera C.A.M.P. Report, 2002

South Asian Chiroptera C.A.M.P. Report, 2002

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